Untersuchungen Zur Festlegung Der Begrenzung Des Festlandsockels Mit CARIS LOTS Am Beispiel Der Ostküste Grönlands

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Untersuchungen Zur Festlegung Der Begrenzung Des Festlandsockels Mit CARIS LOTS Am Beispiel Der Ostküste Grönlands Diplomarbeit Fachbereich Geomatik Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften Hamburg Untersuchungen zur Festlegung der Begrenzung des Festlandsockels mit CARIS LOTS am Beispiel der Ostküste Grönlands Annett Büttner Prüfer: Prof. Dr.-Ing. D. Egge Dr.-Ing. H.W. Schenke September 2004 Widmung Für meine Eltern. Diese Arbeit möchte ich Euch widmen und mich dafür bedanken, daß Ihr immer an mich geglaubt habt, dafür, daß Ihr immer für mich da wart, mich motiviert habt, und dafür, daß Ihr mir immer geholfen habt, wenn es in Eurer Macht stand. Ohne Euch hätte ich dieses Studium nie geschafft. Danke! Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung 1 2 Rechtliche und wissenschaftlich-technische Grundlagen 4 2.1 Allgemeines und geschichtliche Entwicklung zum Seerecht ...........................4 2.2 Festlegung der Meereszonen nach dem Seerechtsübereinkommen..................6 2.2.1 Basislinie..................................................................................................6 2.2.2 Küstenmeer ..............................................................................................7 2.2.3 Anschlußzone...........................................................................................7 2.2.4 Ausschließliche Wirtschaftszone.............................................................8 2.2.5 Hohe See..................................................................................................8 2.2.6 Festlandsockel..........................................................................................8 2.2.7 Das Gebiet..............................................................................................11 2.3 Wissenschaftliche und technische Richtlinien der Kommission zur Begrenzung des Festlandsockels ....................................................................12 2.3.1 Beschreibung der äußeren Grenzen des Festlandsockels ......................12 2.3.2 Bestimmungen zur 2.500 m-Tiefenlinie ................................................17 2.3.3 Bestimmungen zur Festlegung des Fußes des Kontinentalabhanges..............................................................................17 2.3.4 Darstellung der äußeren Grenze des Festlandsockels basierend auf der Sedimentdicke ...........................................................................20 2.4 Das Seerecht in Dänemark..............................................................................22 3 Arbeitsabläufe zur Bestimmung der äußeren Begrenzung des Festlandsockels 24 3.1 Ablaufschema für die Erstellung der Unterlagen für einen Festlandsockel über 200 sm hinaus .........................................................................................24 3.2 Ablauflaufschema einer Desktop Study .........................................................25 3.3 Iteratives Modell zur Bestimmung der äußeren Begrenzung des Festlandsockels ...............................................................................................26 4 Erstellung von Grundlagenkarten 28 4.1 Frei verfügbare Datensätze .............................................................................28 4.1.1 ETOPO5.................................................................................................28 4.1.2 ETOPO2.................................................................................................29 4.1.3 GTOPO30 ..............................................................................................29 4.1.4 DCW ......................................................................................................30 4.1.5 GSHHS ..................................................................................................30 4.1.6 GEBCO..................................................................................................31 4.1.7 Sedimentkarte ........................................................................................32 4.2 Das Programm CARIS LOTS.........................................................................33 4.3 Erstellung von Grundlagenkarten am Beispiel der Ostküste Grönlands ........34 4.3.1 Erstellen einer Karte für die gesamte Ostküste Grönlands....................34 4.3.2 Die Basislinie.........................................................................................35 4.3.3 Grenzverläufe.........................................................................................36 4.3.4 Erstellen einer Karte für die Ostküste Grönlands zwischen 30° w. L. bis 10° ö. L. und 70° n. Br. bis 80° n. Br...............................37 5 Bestimmung des erweiterten Festlandsockels 40 5.1 Beschränkungslinie.........................................................................................42 5.2 Bestimmung des Fußes des Kontinentalabhanges (Foot of the Slope, FOS) 43 5.3 Bestimmungslinien .........................................................................................50 5.4 Ergebnis der Bestimmung der äußeren Begrenzung des Festlandsockels......52 6 Zusammenfassung 53 Literaturverzeichnis 1 Danksagung 57 Anhang A: Auszug aus dem Seerechtsübereinkommen der Vereinten Nationen von 1982...................................................................................................58 Anhang B: Beschluß bezüglich der 10-Jahres-Frist ...................................................77 Anhang C: Gesetzestexte zum Seerecht in Dänemark................................................78 Anhang D: Auszug aus den wissenschaftlichen und technischen Richtlinien der Kommission zur Begrenzung des Festlandsockels ..................................98 Anhang E: Ablaufschema für die Erstellung einer Eingabe der äußeren Grenzen des Festlandsockels eines Küstenstaates über 200 sm hinaus an die Kommission............................................................................................129 Anhang F: Textdateien mit Basislinienpunkten: Baseline.txt ..................................131 Anhang G: Textdatei mit Grenzpunkten: border.txt.................................................132 Anhang H: Karte des Arktischen Ozeans mit den 200 sm-Begrenzungen der Anliegerstaaten.......................................................................................133 Anhang I: Auszug Ablaufschema der Arbeitsschritte für die Erstellung der Grundlagenkarten am Beispiel der Ostküste Grönlands ........................134 Anhang J: Auszug Kurzanleitung für CARIS LOTS................................................137 Übersichtskarte 1 über die Küstenlinie und 2500 m-Tiefenlinien aus verschiedenen Datenquellen Übersichtskarte 2 über die Küstenlinien und 2500 m-Tiefenlinien aus verschiedenen Datenquellen Übersichtskarte 3 Profillinien des FOS und den ermittelten FOS Übersichtskarte 4 mögliche Fläche eines erweiterten Festlandsockels Abbildungsverzeichnis Abbildung 1.1 Eine hypothetische Aufteilung des Festlandsockels des Arktischen Ozeans (vgl. Anthony, 2004) .................................................................2 Abbildung 2.1 Einteilung der Meereszonen nach dem Seerechtsübereinkommen (vgl. Michaelis, 1998) ...............................................................................6 Abbildung 2.2 Unterscheidung des Festlandsockels im morphologischen und juristischen Sinne (van de Pol, Macnab, Monahan, 2000)............................9 Abbildung 2.3 Festlegung der 1%-Sediment- dickenlinie, gemessen vom FOS...13 Abbildung 2.4 Festlegung der Linie FOS + 60 sm....................................................13 Abbildung 2.5 350 sm-Beschränkungslinie...............................................................14 Abbildung 2.6 2 500 m + 100 sm-Beschränkung......................................................14 Abbildung 2.7 Beschreibung der Bestimmungslinie.................................................15 Abbildung 2.8 Beschreibung der Beschränkungslinie...............................................15 Abbildung 2.9 Beschreibung der äußeren Grenzen des erweiterten Festlandsockels16 Abbildung 2.10 Sedimentdickenlinie, kürzer als 60 sm und auf demselben Festlandrand.....................................................................................17 Abbildung 2.11 Darstellung eines Profils durch einen idealisierten Festlandrand zur Bestimmung des Fußes des Festlandabhanges (vgl. Brekke, 2003) ................................................................................................18 Abbildung 2.12 Darstellung eines Profils durch einen idealisierten Festlandrand zur Bestimmung des Fußes des Festlandabhanges (vgl. Brekke, 2003)..................................................................................................20 Abbildung 2.13 Schematische Darstellung eines idealisierten Festlandrandes und die Bestimmung der 1 % Sedimentdicke ausgehend vom Fuß des Kontinentalabhanges (vgl. Brekke, 2003).............................................21 Abbildung 4.1 Geographische Übersicht der Blattgebiete des GEBCO Digital Atlas (vgl. IOC, IHO, and BODC, 2003, S. 11)...........................................31 Abbildung 4.2 Übersichtskarte über die Sedimentdicken der Ozeane (vgl. NGDC, 2004b) ......................................................................................32 Abbildung 4.3 Übersichtskarte über das gesamte Gebiet mit ETOPO5-Daten mit 10.000 m-Rasterabstand, 500 m-Tiefenlinien und politischen Grenzen .............................................................................................35 Abbildung 4.4 Übersicht über das gesamte Gebiet mit den Daten der DCW und von ETOPO5 sowie über die Grenze Grönland/Jan Mayen und der Basislinie ...........................................................................................37
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