Woven Into the Earth: Textile Finds in Norse Greenland Free
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
FREE WOVEN INTO THE EARTH: TEXTILE FINDS IN NORSE GREENLAND PDF Else Ostergaard | 256 pages | 20 Nov 2004 | Aarhus University Press | 9788772889351 | English | Aarhus, Denmark , Østergård, Woven into the Earth | The Medieval Review In Poul Norlund discovered dozens of garments from a graveyard in the Norse settlement of Herjolfsnaes, Greenland. Preserved intact by the permafrost, these medieval clothes displayed remarkable similarities to those worn elsewhere in Europe and which, until then, had been known only from illustrations. This volume reports on the reults of eighty years of research and scientific investigation into this remarkable discovery. Else Ostergard describes the events of the excavation, the materials and methods used in making the clothes and the sophisticated weaving and sewing techniques despite the harsh conditions the women undoubtedly had to work in. Ordren behandles senest 3 hverdage fra modtagelse. Og husk at der Woven into the Earth: Textile Finds in Norse Greenland er gratis adgang til Museumsbutikken. Log ind. View in English. Toggle navigation. Produkter Nyt i Shoppen. Musik og film Musik Film. Museumskopier Norden Europa Egypten. Se hele kategorioversigten. Modtag vores nyhedsbrev. Textiles from Norse Greenland. Woven into the Earth. Indgravering tekst. Relaterede varer PNM vol. Laughlin ,00 DKK. Opret ny bruger Glemt adgangskode Log ind Log ind Glemt adgangskode. Forkert Email, Mobil nr. Kodeordet er nu sendt til din email! Woven Into the Earth: Textiles from Norse Greenland - Else Østergård - Google книги Preserved intact for centuries by the permafrost, these mediaeval garments display remarkable similarities to western European costumes of the time. Previously, such costumes were known only from contemporary illustrations, and the Greenland finds provided the world with a close look at how ordinary Europeans dressed in the Middle Ages. She describes what the finds tell us about the materials and methods used in making the clothes. The weaving and sewing techniques detailed here are surprisingly sophisticated, and one can only admire the talent of the women who employed them, especially considering the harsh conditions they worked under. Exhibitions of Norse textiles 19 2. Exhibitions in Greenland 19 3. Results of earlier analyses of Norse textiles 20 4. Sheep and goats 37 2. Sheep-farming and the use of the sheep 39 3. Everything was used 39 4. Disease among the sheep 40 5. The wool 42 2. Washing and sorting the wool 43 3. Spinning 45 2. Woven into the Earth: Textile Finds in Norse Greenland spindle 45 3. Top-whorl spindle 46 4. Bottom-whorl spindle 47 5. Spinning without a whorl 47 6. The distaff 49 7. Norse spindles 49 8. Spindle whorls 51 9. Presentation of the warp-weighted loom 53 2. The warp-weighted loom in use 53 3. Loom weights 54 4. Sword beaters 56 5. Working height 57 6. The weaving room 58 7. The weaves 62 2. Weaving width 63 4. Weaving length 63 Woven into the Earth: Textile Finds in Norse Greenland. Starting borders 64 6. Selvedges Woven into the Earth: Textile Finds in Norse Greenland 7. Weaving density 66 8. Tabby weaves 67 9. Repp 67 Panama weaves 67 Diamond twill 70 Striped weaves 71 Check weaves 72 Pile weaves 72 Goat-hair textiles 75 Garment construction 95 3. Comparative material 95 4. Sewing 97 5. Sewing of pleats 99 6. Embroidery 7. Buttons 8. Borders 2. Hairwork 2. Costume pins 3. Needles 2. Needle whetstones 3. Needle cases 4. Weaving tablets 5. Seam smoothers 6. Sails 2. Textile fragments from Inuit settlements on Ellesmere Island and in Greenland 3. Tents Caulking Footwear Viking Age Comparison with preserved fragments and whole garments Comparison with Nordic pictorial material from theViking Age The Middle Ages Fully dressed male bodies Garment lengths relative to the heights of people from the Middle Ages The last Norse Greenlander Explanation of the Catalogue Text Where the Garments were placed Catalogue Garment Type Ia Garment Type Ib Garment Type Ic Garment Type Id Garment Type Ie Garment Type If Garment Type II Hoods Type I Hoods Type II Caps Stockings The Lengths of the Garments Analytical Tables of all Textile Finds NOTES Garments D Hood D Stocking D Preserved intact for centuries by the permafrost, these mediaeval garments display Herjolfsnes - Wikipedia It was established Woven into the Earth: Textile Finds in Norse Greenland Herjolf Bardsson in the late 10th century and is believed to have lasted some years. The fate of its inhabitants, along with all the other Norse Greenlandersis unknown. The site is known today for having yielded remarkably well- preserved medieval garments, excavated by Danish archaeologist Paul Norland in Its name roughly translates as Herjolf's Point or Cape. Landing on Greenland's southwest coast, Erik and his other kinsmen almost invariably chose to settle further inland away from the open Labrador Sea, at the heads of the fjords where the land was better suited to farming. By contrast, Herjolf's decision to establish himself at the end of a fjord directly facing the open ocean near Greenland's southernmost tip suggests that his primary intention was not farming, but rather the establishment of the new colony's major port of call for incoming ships from Iceland and Europe. Herjolf's homestead was situated on the west shore of a fjord that came to bear his name, Herjolfsfjordand was the southern- and easternmost major homestead of the colony's Eastern Settlement. Herjolf's son Bjarni had been conducting business in Norway and returned to Iceland to spend Yule at the family's homestead, only to learn Herjolf had joined the exodus to the new Greenland colony. Bjarni set out to follow Herjolf, but was blown off course to the southwest, becoming the first known European to skirt, if not land on, the North American coast. Realizing he had overshot Greenland, Bjarni reversed course to the northeast and came to a land that matched the description he had been given. The saga states, " Erik is said to have treated him well, but others in the court criticized Bjarni's lack of initiative for failing to explore the new lands he had seen. Upon Bjarni's return to Herjolfsnes, he is said to have given up seafaring and lived there with his father, and upon Herjolf's death " afterwards dwelt there " presumably as the chieftain of the homestead and the immediate district. In Erik The Red's Saga which covers essentially the same events as the Greenlanders Sagathe famous Icelander Gudrid Thorbjornsdottir is said to have landed at Herjolfsnes after a difficult journey, and lived there for a while. Curiously, this saga describes the homestead as being owned by a man named Thorkell, and makes no mention of Herjolf or Bjarni. Helge and Anne Stine Ingstad believed that the saga's author may have written the two men out of the story in order to elevate the exploits of Leif Erikssonthe first known European to land in North America. After the colony's conversion to Christianity in ADHerjolfsnes was one of 16 known sites in the Eastern Settlement on which a church was raised. The ruins that are visible today are those of a church built in the 13th century, which was likely raised on the site of an older, conversion-era church. It had a rectangular foundation similar to that of the churches at Hvalsey and Brattahlid further north in Woven into the Earth: Textile Finds in Norse Greenland style that was common in medieval northern Europe. The Herjolfsnes church was the 3rd largest in the Norse Greenland colony, behind Gardar and Brattahlid. The church's graveyard contained the remains of local inhabitants and also of those who had died during ocean voyages to the colony. One account tells of 12th century Icelanders who were shipwrecked on the east coast and perished while trying to cross the inland glaciers in an attempt to reach Herjolfsnes, only to be buried there instead. For bodies lost or buried at sea, it appears to have been the custom to carve commemorative Woven into the Earth: Textile Finds in Norse Greenland onto a stick which was then placed in the Herjolfsnes graveyard when the ship made landfall there. One such runestick found at Herjolfsnes reads, " This woman, whose name was Gudveg, was laid overboard in the Greenland Sea. Some of the deceased at Herjolfsnes had been laid to rest in wooden coffins. However, perhaps owing to the scarcity of wood, it increasingly became the practice to wrap the deceased in layers of wool clothing. Ivar Bardarson, a Norwegian priest who lived in the colony for nearly 20 years in the mid 14th century as a representative of the Norwegian Crown and the Catholic church, wrote that Herjolfsnes served as the major harbour for Greenland's inbound and outbound traffic and was well known to North Atlantic sailors, who referred to it as "Sand". The nearby Makkarneq Bay, which offers much better shelter than Herjolfsnes proper, features several Norse ruins that appear to include the foundations of stone warehouses, and is thus a possible site of the Sand harbour that Bardarson described. Prior to the arrival of the Norse, successive waves of Paleo-Eskimo cultures had inhabited Greenland, perhaps as far back as BC. However, the island is believed to have been uninhabited by the time of the Norse arrival, except perhaps for the extreme northwest region, by the Dorset culture. The Little Climatic Optimum then under way would have made the southwest coast especially unsuited to the Dorset's arctic hunter-gatherer way of life; they are believed to have had great difficulty adapting to this warm period, and retreated progressively farther north. As a result, it is believed that the first North American aboriginals that Norse Greenlanders encountered were actually the Beothuk in Newfoundland.