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LAB HANDOUT External Morphology of the Brainstem ☆LAB HANDOUT External Morphology of the Brainstem Anterior, lateral view Medulla oblongata □ Pyramid 3-1,3-3,3-7,5-4,7-1,8-2,8-3,8-4,8-5,8-6 □ Pyramidal decussation 3-1 □ Olive 3-1,3-3,3-7 □ Tuberculum cinereum 3-1,3-3,3-4,3-5,3-6,3-7 □ Anterior median fissure 3-1(ventral median fissure) □ Anterolateral sulcus 3-1(preolivary sulcus) □ CN ⅩⅡ (hypoglossal nerve) 3-1,3-3,8-2,8-4 □ Posterolateral sulcus 3-1(postolivary sulcus) □ CN Ⅸ (glossopharyngeal nerve) 3-1,3-4,3-5,3-6,8-6 □ CN Ⅹ (vagus nerve) 3-1,3-4,3-5,3-6 □ CN ⅩⅠ (accessory nerve) 3-1,3-4,3-5,3-6,5-3 □ Pontomedullary junction □ CN Ⅵ (abducens nerve) 1-6,3-1,3-3,7-1 □ CN Ⅶ (facial nerve) 1-6,3-1,7-1,8-7 □ CN Ⅷ (vestibulocochlear nerve) 1-6,3-1,3-3 Pons □ Basilar sulcus 1 □ Basilar artery 1-6 □ Inferior cerebellar peduncle 3-4,3-5,3-6,3-7,4-1,4-2 □ Middle cerebellar peduncle 1-6,3-1,3-3,3-4,3-5,3-6,3-7,4-1,4-2 □ Superior cerebellar peduncle 3-4,3-5,3-6,3-7,4-1,4-2,6-1,6-2,7-1,7-2,7-3 □ CN Ⅴ (trigeminal nerve) 3-1,3-3,3-4,7-2 Midbrain □ Crus cerebri (Cerebral peduncle) 3-1,3-3,3-5,3-6,6-1,6-2,6-3,6-4,9-1 □ Pontomesencephalic junction □ CN Ⅲ (oculomotor nerve) 1-6,6-2,6-3 □ Interpeduncular fossa 3-1,6-1 □ Posterior perforated substance □ Mammillary body 1-2,3-1,6-3,6-4 Posterior view □ Posterior median sulcus 3-5(dorsal median sulcus) □ Posterior intermediate sulcus □ Cuneate tubercle 3-4,3-5,3-6,5-4 □ Fasciculus cuneatus 3-5,3-6,8-1,8-2 □ Gracile tubercle 3-4,3-5,3-6 □ Fasciculus gracilis 3-5,3-6,8-1,8-2,8-3 □ Anterior (superior) medullary velum 3-2,3-6,4-1(superior medullary lamina),7-2 □ Posterior (inferior) medullary velum 2 □ Fourth ventricle 1-2,3-2,3-7,7-2,8-5,8-6 □ Rhomboid fossa □ Median sulcus □ Sulcus limitans 3-4,3-5,3-6 □ Obex 3-5 □ Striae medullares 8-4,8-6 □ Vestibular area 3-4,3-5,3-6 □ Facial colliculus 3-5,3-6 □ Hypoglossal trigone 3-5,3-6 □ Vagal trigone 3-5,3-6 □ Inferior cerebellar peduncle 3-4,3-5,3-6,3-7,4-1,4-2 □ Middle cerebellar peduncle 1-6,3-1,3-3,3-4,3-5,3-6,3-7,4-1,4-2 □ Superior cerebellar peduncle 3-4,3-5,3-6,3-7,4-1,4-2,6-1,6-2,7-1,7-2,7-3 □ Foramen of Magendie (median aperature) □ Foramen of Luschka (lateral aperature) □ Superior colliculus 1-2,3-2,3-3,3-4,3-5,3-6,3-7,6-2,6-3,6-4 □ Brachium of the superior colliculus 3-3,3-4,3-5,3-6 □ Inferior colliculus 1-2,3-2,3-3,3-4,3-5,3-6,3-7,6-1,6-2,6-3 □ Brachium of the inferior colliculus 3-3,3-4,3-5,3-6 □ Lateral geniculate body 3-7,6-3,6-4 □ Medial geniculate body 3-5,3-6,3-7,6-3,6-4 □ CN Ⅳ (trochlear nerve) 3-1,3-3,3-4,3-5,3-6,3-7,6-1,7-3 3 External Morphology of the Spinal Cord □ Cervical enlargement □ Lumbrosacral enlargement □ Conus medullaris 5-2 □ Filum terminale 5-2 □ Cauda equina 5-2 □ Posterior median sulcus 5-1 □ Dorsal column □ Fasciculus gracilis □ Posterior intermediate sulcus □ Fasciculus cuneatus □ Posterolateral sulcus □ Posterior root □ Spinal (dorsal root) ganglion 5-2 □ Anterior median fissure 5-1(ventral median fissure) □ Anterior root 5-3 External Morphology of the Cerebellum Superior surface □ Superior vermis 4-1,4-3,4-4 □ Hemisphere 4-2 4 □ Primary fissure 3-2,4-3,4-4 □ Anterior lobe 3-2,4-1,4-3,4-4 □ Posterior lobe 3-2,4-4 Inferior surface □ Inferior vermis 4-2,4-3 □ Posterior lobe 3-2 □ Dorsolateral fissure 4-1 □ Flocculonodular lobe □ Nodule 3-2,4-1 □ Flocculus 3-1,4-1,4-2 □ Tonsil 3-2,4-3,4-4 □ Anterior (superior) medullary velum 3-2,3-6,4-1(superior medullary lamina),7-2 □ Inferior cerebellar peduncle 3-4,3-5,3-6,3-7,4-1,4-2 □ Middle cerebellar peduncle 1-6,3-1,3-3,3-4,3-5,3-6,3-7,4-1,4-2, □ Superior cerebellar peduncle 3-4,3-5,3-6,3-7,4-1,4-2,6-1,6-2,7-1,7-2,7-3 □ Dentate nucleus □ Emboliform nucleus □ Globose nucleus □ Fastigial nucleus External Morphology of the Cerebrum 5 Lateral view □ Frontal pole 1-1 □ Occipital pole 1-1 □ Temporal pole 1-1 □ Longitudinal fissure 1-4 □ Central sulcus 1-1 □ Lateral sulcus 1-1 □ Parietooccipital sulcus 1-2 □ Preoccipital notch 1-1 □ Insula (2-1 ?) □ Short gyri □ Long gyri □ Limen insulae □ Frontal lobe 1-1 □ Superior frontal gyrus 1-1、1-4 □ Superior frontal sulcus 1-1、1-4 □ Middle frontal gyrus 1-1、1-4 □ Inferior frontal sulcus 1-1 □ Inferior frontal gyrus 1-1 □ Pars opercularis 1-1 □ Pars triangularis 1-1 6 □ Pars orbitalis 1-1 □ Precentral sulcus (1-1) □ Precentral gyrus 1-1 □ Orbital gyri 1-6 □ Olfactory sulcus (被遮住) □ Straight gyrus (1-6，即 rectal gyrus) □ Parietal lobe 1-1 □ Postcentral gyrus 1-1 □ Postcentral sulcus (1-1) □ Superior parietal lobule 1-1 □ Intraparietal sulcus 1-1 □ Supramarginal gyrus 1-1 □ Angular gyrus 1-1 □ Occipital lobe 1-1 □ Occipital gyri 1-1 □ Cuneus 1-2 □ Calcarine sulcus 1-2 □ Lingual gyrus □ Temporal lobe 1-1 □ Superior temporal gyrus 1-1 □ Superior temporal sulcus 1-1 □ Middle temporal gyrus 1-1 □ Inferior temporal sulcus 1-1 7 □ Inferior temporal gyrus 1-1 □ Occipitotemporal sulcus 1-6 □ Occipitotemporal gyrus (1-6) □ Collateral sulcus (腹面、將小腦移去) □ Rhinal sulcus (腹面、將小腦移去) □ Parahippocampal gyrus 1-6 □ Uncus 1-6 Medial view □ Paracentral sulcus (1-2、沒標出) □ Marginal sulcus (1-2、沒標出) □ Subparietal sulcus (1-2、沒標出) □ Precuneus 1-2 □ Cingulate sulcus (1-2) □ Cingulate gyrus 1-2 □ Sulcus of corpus callosum (1-2、沒標出) □ Corpus callosum 1-2、1-3 □ Rostrum 1-2 □ Genu 1-3 □ Body 1-3、1-2 □ Splenium 1-2 □ Paraterminal gyri ? □ Parolfactory gyri ? 8 □ Lamina terminalis (1-2) □ Anterior commissure (1-2) □ Posterior commissure 1-2 □ Septum pellucidum 1-2 □ Fornix 1-2、1-3 □ Column 1-3 □ Body 1-3 □ Crus 1-3 □ Third ventricle 1-2 □ Interventricular foramen 1-3 □ Thalamus 1-2 □ Massa intermedia 1-2 □ Hypothalamus (1-2) Ventral view □ Olfactory bulb 1-6 □ Olfactory tract 1-6 □ Medial and lateral olfactory striae (1-6) □ Olfactory trigone (1-6) □ Anterior perforated substance (1-6) □ Optic nerve 1-6 □ Optic chiasma 1-6 □ Optic tract 1-6 9 □ Infundibulum 1-6 □ Mammillary body 1-2、(1-6?) □ Posterior perforated substance Blood supply (no figures) □ Internal carotid artery □ Anterior cerebral artery □ Anterior communicating artery □ Middle cerebral artery □ Anterior choroidal artery □ Posterior communicating artery 1-6 □ Posterior cerebral artery □ Superior cerebellar artery □ Basilar artery 1-6 □ Pontine arteries □ Anterior inferior cerebellar artery □ Labyrinthine artery □ Vertebral artery □ Posterior inferior cerebellar artery □ Posterior spinal artery □ Anterior spinal artery 10 BRAIN SLICES Saggital Section □ Corpus callosum 1-2, 1-3 □ Rostrum 1-2, 1-3 □ Genu 1-2, 1-3 □ Body 1-2, 1-3 □ Splenium 1-2, 1-3 □ Fornix 1-2, 1-3 □ Column 1-3 □ Body 1-3 □ Crus 1-3 □ Anterior commissure 1-2, 1-3 □ Posterior commissure 1-2 □ Interthalamic adhesion (Massa intermedia) 1-2 □ Optic chiasma 1-3 □ Lamina terminalis □ Mammillary body 1-2 □ Pineal gland 1-2 □ Superior colliculus 1-2 □ Inferior colliculus 1-2 □ Thalamus 1-2 □ Hypothalamus □ Infundibulum □ Septum pellucidum 1-2 11 □ Lateral ventricle □ Interventricular foramen (foramen of 1-3 Monro) □ Third ventricle □ Cerebral aqueduct 1-2 □ Fourth ventricle 1-2 □ Choroid plexus Horizontal section □ Corpus callosum 2-7, 2-8 □ Genu 2-7 □ Body 2-8 □ Splenium 2-7 □ Fornix 2-7 □ Column □ Body 2-7 □ Crus 2-7 □ Fimbria □ Anterior commissure □ Posterior commissure □ Interthalamic adhesion (Massa intermedia) □ Optic chiasma □ Cerebral peduncle □ Substantia nigra □ Red nucleus □ Periaqueductal gray 12 □ Mammillary body □ Pineal gland □ Superior colliculus □ Inferior colliculus □ Lateral geniculate nucleus □ Medial geniculate nucleus □ Caudate nucleus 2-7, 2-8 □ Head 2-7 □ Body 2-8 □ Tail 2-7 □ Putamen 2-7 □ Globus pallidus 2-7 □ External segment □ Internal segment □ Claustrum 2-7 □ Internal capsule 2-7 □ Anterior limb 2-7 □ Genu □ Posterior limb 2-7 □ External capsule 2-7 □ Extreme capsule 2-7 □ Hippocampus 2-6 □ Amygdala □ Thalamus 2-7 □ Hypothalamus 13 □ Infundibulum □ Septum pellucidum 2-7 □ Lateral ventricle 2-6, 2-7, 2-8 □ Anterior horn 2-7 □ Body 2-8 □ Inferior horn 2-6 □ Posterior horn 2-7 □ Third ventricle □ Cerebral aqueduct □ Fourth ventricle □ Choroid plexus 2-6 Coronal section □ Corpus callosum 2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 2-4 □ Genu □ Body 2-1, 2-2 □ Splenium 2-3, 2-4 □ Fornix 2-3, 2-4 □ Column □ Body □ Crus 2-3, 2-4 □ Fimbria 2-2, 2-5 □ Anterior commissure 2-1 □ Posterior commissure □ Interthalamic adhesion (Massa intermedia) □ Optic chiasma 14 □ Optic tract 2-1, 2-2, 2-5 □ Olfactory nerve □ Cerebral peduncle 2-2, 2-5 □ Substantia nigra 2-2, 2-5 □ Red nucleus □ Periaqueductal gray □ Mammillary body □ Pineal gland □ Superior colliculus □ Inferior colliculus □ Lateral geniculate body 2-3 □ Medial geniculate body 2-3 □ Insula 2-1, 2-2 □ Caudate nucleus 2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 2-5 □ Head 2-1 □ Body 2-2 □ Tail 2-3, 2-5 □ Putamen 2-1, 2-5 □ Globus pallidus 2-1, 2-2, 2-5 □ External segment 2-5 □ Internal segment □ Claustrum 2-1, 2-2 □ Internal capsule 2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 2-4 □ Anterior limb 2-1 □ Genu 15 □ Posterior limb 2-2 □ External capsule 2-1, 2-2 □ Extreme capsule 2-1, 2-2 □ Hippocampus 2-2, 2-3, 2-4, 2-5 □ Amygdala 2-1 □ Thalamus 2-2, 2-3, 2-5 □ Hypothalamus 2-2, 2-5 □ Infundibulum □ Septum pellucidum 2-1 □ Lateral ventricle 2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 2-4 □ Anterior horn 2-1 □ Body 2-2, 2-3 □ Inferior horn 2-2, 2-3,2-5 □ Posterior horn 2-4 □ Third ventricle □ Cerebral aqueduct □ Fourth ventricle □ Choroid plexus 2-2 Microslides of Brain Stem Spinal Cord □ Central canal □ Posterior median sulcus □ Fasciculus gracilis 3-5, 5-4, 8-1, 8-2, 8-3 16 □ Posterior intermediate sulcus □ Fasciculus cuneatus 3-5, 5-4, 8-1, 8-2 □ Posterolateral sulcus □ Lateral corticospinal tract 5-4.
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