3Rd International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts (SGEM 2016)
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Catherine the Great and the Development of a Modern Russian Sovereignty, 1762-1796
Catherine the Great and the Development of a Modern Russian Sovereignty, 1762-1796 By Thomas Lucius Lowish A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Victoria Frede-Montemayor, Chair Professor Jonathan Sheehan Professor Kinch Hoekstra Spring 2021 Abstract Catherine the Great and the Development of a Modern Russian Sovereignty, 1762-1796 by Thomas Lucius Lowish Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Berkeley Professor Victoria Frede-Montemayor, Chair Historians of Russian monarchy have avoided the concept of sovereignty, choosing instead to describe how monarchs sought power, authority, or legitimacy. This dissertation, which centers on Catherine the Great, the empress of Russia between 1762 and 1796, takes on the concept of sovereignty as the exercise of supreme and untrammeled power, considered legitimate, and shows why sovereignty was itself the major desideratum. Sovereignty expressed parity with Western rulers, but it would allow Russian monarchs to bring order to their vast domain and to meaningfully govern the lives of their multitudinous subjects. This dissertation argues that Catherine the Great was a crucial figure in this process. Perceiving the confusion and disorder in how her predecessors exercised power, she recognized that sovereignty required both strong and consistent procedures as well as substantial collaboration with the broadest possible number of stakeholders. This was a modern conception of sovereignty, designed to regulate the swelling mechanisms of the Russian state. Catherine established her system through careful management of both her own activities and the institutions and servitors that she saw as integral to the system. -
Educatio Artis Gymnasticae
EDUCATIO ARTIS GYMNASTICAE 3/2020 STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS BABEŞ‐BOLYAI EDUCATIO ARTIS GYMNASTICAE 3/2020 DOI:10.24193/subbeag.65(3) EDITORIAL BOARD STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS BABEŞ‐BOLYAI EDUCATIO ARTIS GYMNASTICAE EDITORIAL OFFICE OF EDUCATIO ARTIS GYMNASTICAE: 7th Pandurilor Street, Cluj‐Napoca, ROMANIA, Phone: +40 264 420709, e‐mail: [email protected] http://www.studia.ubbcluj.ro/serii/educatio/index_en.html EDITOR‐IN‐CHIEF: Gomboş Leon, PhD (Babeş‐Bolyai University, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Cluj‐Napoca, Romania) SCIENTIFIC EDITORIAL BOARD: Bompa Tudor, PhD (University of York, Toronto Canada) Tihanyi József, PhD (University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary) Hamar Pál, PhD (University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary) Isidori Emanuele, PhD (University of Rome „Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy) Karteroliotis Kostas, PhD (National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece) Šimonek Jaromír, PhD (University of Constantine the Philosopher in Nitra, Slovakia) Navarro‐Cabello Enrique, PhD (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain) Bota Aura, PhD (National University of Physical Education and Sports Bucharest, Romania) Tache Simona, PhD (Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj‐Napoca, Romania) Bogdan Vasile, PhD (Babeş‐Bolyai University, Cluj‐Napoca, Romania) Baciu Alin Marius, PhD (Babeş‐Bolyai University, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Cluj‐Napoca, Romania) Nagel Adrian, PhD (West University of Timişoara, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Romania) Petracovschi Simona, PhD (West University of Timişoara, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Romania) Bíró Melinda, PhD (Eszterházy Károly University, Eger, Hungary) Müller Anetta Eva, PhD (Eszterházy Károly University, Eger, Hungary) Abălaşei Beatrice Aurelia, PhD („Al. Ioan Cuza” University of Iași, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Iași, Romania) Cojocariu Adrian, PhD („Al. -
The Education of Alexander and Nicholas Pavlovich Romanov The
Agata Strzelczyk DOI: 10.14746/bhw.2017.36.8 Department of History Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań The education of Alexander and Nicholas Pavlovich Romanov Abstract This article concerns two very different ways and methods of upbringing of two Russian tsars – Alexander the First and Nicholas the First. Although they were brothers, one was born nearly twen- ty years before the second and that influenced their future. Alexander, born in 1777 was the first son of the successor to the throne and was raised from the beginning as the future ruler. The person who shaped his education the most was his grandmother, empress Catherine the Second. She appoint- ed the Swiss philosopher La Harpe as his teacher and wanted Alexander to become the enlightened monarch. Nicholas, on the other hand, was never meant to rule and was never prepared for it. He was born is 1796 as the ninth child and third son and by the will of his parents, Tsar Paul I and Tsarina Maria Fyodorovna he received education more suitable for a soldier than a tsar, but he eventually as- cended to the throne after Alexander died. One may ask how these differences influenced them and how they shaped their personalities as people and as rulers. Keywords: Romanov Children, Alexander I and Nicholas I, education, upbringing The education of Alexander and Nicholas Pavlovich Romanov Among the ten children of Tsar Paul I and Tsarina Maria Feodorovna, two sons – the oldest Alexander and Nicholas, the second youngest son – took the Russian throne. These two brothers and two rulers differed in many respects, from their characters, through poli- tics, views on Russia’s place in Europe, to circumstances surrounding their reign. -
LISA 1. Setomaa Ettevõtluskeskkonna Teemaplaneeringu Ja Selle KSH LÄHTEANDMETE ANALÜÜS
LISA 1. Setomaa ettevõtluskeskkonna teemaplaneeringu ja selle KSH LÄHTEANDMETE ANALÜÜS Mikitamäe Vald Värska Vald Meremäe Vald Misso Vald Juuni 2014 Setomaa ettevõtluskeskkonna teemaplaneeringu ja selle KSH LÄHTEANDMED SISUKORD Eessõna ...................................................................................................................................................................5 1. TEEMAPLANEERINGU SEOSED MUUDE ASJAKOHASTE STRATEEGILISTE DOKUMENTIDEGA .......6 1.1 RIIGI TASAND ............................................................................................................ 6 1.1.1 ÜLERIIGILINE PLANEERING EESTI 2030+ ............................................................................ 6 1.1.2 RIIKLIKUD ARENGUKAVAD ................................................................................................ 9 1.1.3 KAVANDATAVAD TÕMBEKESKUSED .................................................................................. 12 1.1.4 EESTI-VENE KONTROLLJOONE VÕIMALIKUD MUUTUSED .................................................. 14 1.2 MAAKONNA TASAND ................................................................................................ 15 1.2.1 MAAKONNAPLANEERINGUD ............................................................................................ 15 1.2.2 MAAKONNA TEEMAPLANEERINGUD ................................................................................ 17 1.2.3 MAAKONDLIKUD ARENGUKAVAD .................................................................................... -
ICTV Morozov
CISCCONTENTONTENT:CONTENRTRREPORTEPORTEPORT CC ReviewОбзорОбзор of новостейaudiovisualновостей рынка content производства production and ии дистрибуциидистрибуции distribution аудиовизуальногоаудиовизуальногоin the CIS countries контента контента Media«»«MediaМ«»ÌЕДИÅÄÈ ResourcesА rÀРesourcesЕСУРСЫÐÅÑÓÐÑÛ МManagement ÌManagementЕНЕДЖМЕНТÅÍÅÄÆÌÅÍÒ» № №2№121(9)№24, №2 13 1April января, April, 1 July April, 30, 20152012 20132011 2012 tion but also be the award winners and nominees of тема номера DEARсловоDear colleagues!COLLEAGUES редакции different international film festivals. Despite large FOCUSFOCUS portion of information on the new movies, shows and УжеWeWe are areв первые happy toto дни present present нового you you the годаthe July Aprilнам, issue issue редакof the of cцtheиIsи: ПервыйLastseries autumn you’ll номер membersalso Contentfind theof Russian detailedReport association выходитreport on ofвthe televiкану re-н- UKRAINEКИНОТЕАТРАЛЬНЫ BECOMESЙ A ContentCIS:content Content Report, report Report сразу where whereстало we tried понятно,we to tried gather toчто thegather в most2011 the inм- Старогоsioncent anddeals movie Нового of international producers года, который chose distributors Red (наконецто) Square with the Screen cI sза-- всеmostteresting мы interesting будем up-to-date усердно up-to-date information и неустанно information about трудиться. rapidlyabout rapidly devel За- вершаетingspartners. as the чередуmost important праздников, industry поэтeventом of theу еще season. раз РЫН О К В УКРАИН Е : HIGH-PROSPECTIVETV MARKETS: -
Russia's Empress-Navigator
Russia’s Empress-Navigator: Transforming Modes of Monarchy During the Reign of Anna Ivanovna, 1730-1740 Jacob Bell University of Illinois 2019 Winner of the James Madison Award for Excellence in Historical Scholarship The eighteenth century was a markedly volatile period in the history of Russia, seeing its development and international emergence as a European-styled empire. In narratives of this time of change, historians tend to view the century in two parts: the reign of Peter I (r. 1682-1725), who purportedly spurred Russia into modernization, and Catherine II (r. 1762-96), the German princess-turned-empress who presided over the culmination of Russia’s transformation. Yet, dismissal of nearly forty years of Russia’s history does a severe disservice to the sovereigns and governments that formed the process of change. Recently, Catherine Evtuhov turned her attention to investigating Russia under the rule of Elizabeth Petrovna (r. 1741-62), bolstering the conversation with a greater perspective of one of these “forgotten reigns,” but Elizabeth owed much to her post-Petrine predecessors. Specifically, Empress Anna Ivanovna (r. 1730-40) remains one of the most overlooked and underappreciated sovereigns of the interim between the “Greats.”1 Anna Ivanovna was born on February 7, 1693, the daughter of Praskovia Saltykova and Ivan V Alekseyvich (r. 1682-96), the son of Tsar Aleksey Mikhailovich (r. 1645-1676). When Anna was 1 Anna’s patronymic is also transliterated as Anna Ioannovna. I elected to use “Ivanovna” to closer resemble modern Russian. Lindsey Hughes, Russia in the Age of Peter the Great (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998); Catherine Evtuhov’s upcoming book is Russia in the Age of Elizabeth (1741-61). -
Stages of Ethnical Development of the Georgian Nation from Ancient Times to the Phase of Nation Formation
First was published in the journal: “Identity Studies”, #1.2009. P. 51-65. Editor: Giga Zedania. Ilia Chavchavadze State University Principal Stages of Ethnical Development of the Georgian Nation from Ancient Times to the Phase of Nation Formation George Anchabadze Prominent Georgian historian, Academician N. Berdzenishvili wrote in his time: “Our historians (moreover, non-historians) believe that “Georgia”, in fact, has always been situated on the place where the Georgian race has lived. There is no necessity of discussing that this is a wrong opinion. There have existed several different productive-cultural organizations, i.e. several different “peoples” on the placement territory of the Georgian nation. A country is exactly each of these organizations and not the territory and the people dwelling on it. Territory and race (ethnic) may remain unchanged for a long time, while the country may be experiencing repeated changes: a pre-class country, a slavery country, a feudal country, etc.” These words of the scientist are absolutely adequate to the ethnic development of the Georgian people. “Different „peoples‟”, as mentioned by N. Berdzenishvili, means Georgian ethnos in different historic epochs, since every phase of social-economic development corresponds to an ethnic type characteristic to it. Usually there are three types of historically formed ethnos: 1. tribe (for pre-class and early-class society /family and territorial tribes/); 2. nationality (for early-class, slavery and feudal societies); 3. nation (for capitalist society). All three types of ethnos are based on social-economic basis of a definite formation and are distinguished from the previous one by higher forms of consolidation and stability. -
15/35/54 Liberal Arts and Sciences Russian & East European Center
15/35/54 Liberal Arts and Sciences Russian & East European Center Paul B. Anderson Papers, 1909-1988 Papers of Paul B. Anderson (1894-1985), including correspondence, maps, notes, reports, photographs, publications and speeches about the YMCA World Service (1919-58), International Committee (1949-78), Russian Service (1917-81), Paris Headquarters (1922-67) and Press (1919-80); American Council of Voluntary Agencies (1941-47); Anglican-Orthodox Documents & Joint Doctrinal Commission (1927-77); China (1913-80); East European Fund & Chekhov Publishing House (1951-79); displaced persons (1940-52); ecumenical movement (1925-82); National Council of Churches (1949-75); prisoners of war (1941-46); Religion in Communist Dominated Areas (1931-81); religion in Russia (1917-82); Russian Correspondence School (1922-41); Russian emigrés (1922-82); Russian Orthodox Church (1916-81) and seminaries (1925-79); Russian Student Christian Movement (1920-77); Tolstoy Foundation (1941-76) and War Prisoners Aid (1916-21). For an autobiographical account, see Donald E. Davis, ed., No East or West: The Memoirs of Paul B. Anderson (Paris: YMCA-Press, 1985). For Paul Anderson's "Reflections on Religion in Russia, 1917-1967" and a bibliography, see Richard H. Marshall Jr., Thomas E. Bird and Andrew Q. Blane, Eds., Aspects of Religion in the Soviet Union 1917-1967 (Chicago: University of Chicago, 1971). Provenance Note: The Paul B. Anderson Papers first arrived at the University Archives on May 16, 1983. They were opened on September 11, 1984 and a finding aid completed on December 15, 1984. The cost of shipping the papers and the reproduction of the finding aid was borne by the Russian and East European Center. -
Kohanimenõukogu PROTOKOLL Nr 32 Tallinn, 19. Aprill 2010. a PP
Kohanimenõukogu PROTOKOLL nr 32 Tallinn, 19. aprill 2010. a PP 19.04.2010 nr 12-4/119 (Seisukoha kujundamine e-posti teel) Juhatas: Väino Tõemets Protokollis Aule Kikas Osalesid: Kohanimenõukogu liikmed (seisukoha kujundamine e -posti tee, kohanimenõ[email protected]) Päevakord: 1. Seisukoha kujundamine ajalooliste Setomaa kohanimede kinnitamiseks Setomaa Valdade Liit pöördus 5. aprillil 2010. a kohanimenõukogu poole palvega kinnitada ajaloolised Setomaa kohanimed. Ajaloolise Setomaa territooriumil asuvad kohalikud omavalitused, kes on moodustanud 1994. aastal Setomaa Valdade Liidu, on pööranud palju tähelepanu seto kultuuri ning ajaloolise mälu hoidmisele ning edasiarendamisele. Üheks põhimõtteks on olnud kasutada avalikus suhtluses autentset enesenimetust „seto“ ning setode ajaloolise asuala nimetusena „Setomaa“. Mõlemad nimetused on juurdunud juba laiemas kasutuses, kaasa arvatud ametlik kirjavahetus, meedia. Setomaa Valdade Liidu soovib tugevdada Setomaal ka piirkondlikke idnetiteete selleks, et luua elujõuline alus külade rühmade koostööks ning piirkondade arenguks. Setomaal ei ole olnud kihelkondi, Setomaa on ajalooliselt olnud jagatud nulkadeks. Nulki on olnud 12, ühes nulgas keskmiselt 20 küla. Esimesed kirjalikud viited nulkade olemasolust on pärit 17. sajandist. Setomaa põliselanike hulgas on nulgad jätkuvalt teadvustatud ning piirkondlik identiteet jälgitav. Setomaa Valdade Liidu juhatus taotleb alljärgnevate kohanimede kandmist kohanimede registrisse eesmärgiga kasutada vastavaid kohanimesid viidastamisel, trükistes ning muul avalikul viisil: 1. Setomaa (ajalooline setode asuala); 1.1. Poloda nulk; 1.2. Tsätski nulk; 1.3. Saatse nulk; 1.4. Raakva nulk; 1.5. Üle-Pelska nulk; 1.6. Mokornulk; 1.7. Koolina nulk; 1.8. Vaaksaarõ nulk; 1.9. Luhamaa nulk; 2(3) Lähtudes eeltoodust ning juhindudes kohanimenõukogu põhimääruse § 6 lg 5, kujundatakse kohanimenõukogu seisukoht antud küsimuses e-posti vahendusel. 07. aprilllil saatis kohanimenõukogu sekretär Aule Kikas kohanimenõukogu liikmetele Setomaa Valdade Liidu kirja. -
Language Policy and National Identity in Georgia
Language Policy and National Identity in Georgia A thesis submitted for the degree of PhD to Queen Mary University of London 2011 Rusudan Amirejibi-Mullen Linguistics Abstract Language has been long recognised as a powerful marker of national identity, as has its role in transforming multi-ethnic societies into unified nations. Such is the case of multi-ethnic and multilingual Georgia, where language has today become a crucial factor in interethnic relations and in the Georgian nation-building process. This thesis sheds light on the nature of kartveloba (Georgianness) by examining Georgian language policy over the entire history of the nation. Despite the country’s long-standing civilisation and its established culture, Georgian statehood began to decline from the second half of the thirteenth century, until the country was eventually incorporated into the Russian empire at the beginning of the nineteenth century. Since then, there have been several attempts to instigate a ‘national revival’: 1) the cultural/linguistic movement of the nineteenth century, 2) the struggle to build a nation-state in 1918-1921, 3) the national liberation movement during the Soviet period (1921-1991), and 4) nation- state building in the post-Soviet period. All of these periods display common features with regard to language policy. 2 After investigating language policy and identity developments in the pre- modern period, this thesis examines Georgia under Russian rule (both Tsarist and Soviet), which made the country vulnerable to ethnic conflicts, and tries to explain the violent outcomes. The thesis goes on to examine public debate of language and minority issues, as well as efforts to elaborate inclusive language and ethnic policies in contemporary Georgia. -
Setomaa, Veebruar 2020, Nr 2
Lillmaa Terje: Vokksepä Virve: Järvelaiu Piitre: „Heino saat´ kostis tuud „Ma olli 11-aastaganõ, „„Sa piat austamma umma pepsikoola ja kompveki’ ku mi pereh immä ja essä, /.../ õt su tagasi ni kitse, õt meil Siberähe kiudtõdi. päivi pikendädäsi’ om piisavalt puhast Tuu oll 27. mail 1950.“ ja õt su käsi höste lättevett ja mõtsamarju.“ k´ausi’...“ (5Ms 5:16) “ lk 3 lk 9 lk 11 Hind 1 euro Veebruar 2020, nr 2 (363) Välläandmist tugõ Setomaa Kultuuriprogramm Vahel Setomaa valla leht Lobotka küläplats ku küläpäivi süä Ku kavvõlidsõmb võõras takast juunikuu tõõsõl puul- Miktämäe puult Verskahe pühäl kimmäs suvinõ kokko- tulõ, sõs kimmähe sõit tulõk. Joba 1998. aastagal pee- tä Lobotka bussipiätüsest ti kõkõ edimäst küläpäivä. Õga kõrd, ku kokkotulnu rah- müüdä ja küläst läbi. vas saa väliekraanilt varramba Eiski ku küllä sisse õi videohe võetu’ küläpäivi kaia’, käänä’, paistus peris tulõva’ umaaigsõ’ küläpäivi edimädsel kaemisõl, tegemisõ’ jälki miilde. Õga õt Lobotka om talo rahvas kõnõlõs küläpää- elojovvulinõ külä. väl kipõn hindäst, tetäs ütine pidolaud, omma’ mängo’ ja õdagunõ tandsupido. A pää- REIMANNI NELE tähtsä om umavaihõl kokko saia’ ja pikembäs jutuajamisõs aigu võtta’. Taa edimäne kaeminõ kaejat õi Küläpäivist osavõtjit om petä’ – küllä sisse sõitõh pais- olnu nii ala ku päält 100 ine- tus viil hulga ilosit ja kõrda tet- misõ ja viimäne kõrd oll´ tulõjit tü elämisi pedäjämõtsa rüpüh vaest 60–70. Umalaol alostõdi vai peris Verska lahe kaldõ ütitsit tegemisi uma külä kivi veereh. Seltsielo om aastit pandmisõga ja „ar’ kulunu“ om käünü küläplatsi pääl, kohe joba kats küläkiiku. Tetä’ tull´ tulõva’ kokko nii vana’ ku vahtsõnõ, joba kolmas. -
Review of Donald Rayfield's 'Edge of Empires. a History of Georgia'
Edge of Empires. A History of Georgia Donald Rayfield London: Reaktion Books, 2012, 479 pp, £35 hardback. Rayfield (hereafter DR) began his Slavonic Review assessment of Ronald Suny’s The Making of the Georgian Nation (Tauris, 1989; 2nd edition, Indiana University Press, 1994) thus: ‘Any publisher commissioning a book of this title would expect by right a work that began with the connections of the Georgians with ancient Anatolia, the presumed Indo-Europeans and Semites of the upper Euphrates, as well as the autochthonous Caucasians, and then went on to deal with the Kartvelian peoples (the Svans, Laz, Mingrelians and Georgians), moving into recorded history to discuss the effects of Greeks, Iranians, Mongols, Turks, and Russians on Georgia’s genetic stock, language, culture, sense of identity, finally examining the relationship of the nation to the state, its own and its oppressors’ and protectors’, concluding with an examination of the very disturbing resurgence of Georgian nationalism, even chauvinism, and some relevant predictions.’ He went on to criticise Suny’s devoting five times more space to the preceding century than to the previous two millennia and concluded: ‘A book still needs to be written on the unfinished making of the Georgian nation; Suny’s work gives us some leads and some material, but will be remembered only as a precursor.’ And so, readers, approaching the book with their own perspectives, must judge how far in their eyes DR has succeeded in meeting both their expectations and the standards of his own template. Drawing on sources in a variety of languages, he has certainly rebalanced Suny’s weighting, for the first 305 pages bring us to 1885, leaving only 95 pages to take the story up to (pre-election) 2012.