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Special Libraries, 1961 Special Libraries, 1960s

2-1-1961

Special Libraries, February 1961

Special Libraries Association

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SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION Putling Ktrouded~r!o lVork OFFICERS DIRECTORS President SARAAULL WINIFREDSEWELL Uniaersity of Houston Squibb Institute for Medical Research Houston 4, Texas New Brunswirk, New Jersey LORRAINECIBOCH First Vice-president and President-Elect Cbarler Bruning Co., Inc. EUGENEB. JACKSON Mount Pro~pert,Illinois Genera! Motors Corporation, Warren, c\licbrg.rti W. ROY HOLLEMAN Second Vice-president Srripps Institution of Oceanography PAULL. KNAPP La Jolla, California The Ohio Oil Compmy, Lirtle~on,ColorJdo Secretary ALVINAF. WASSENBERG MRS. JEANNEB. NORTH Kaiser Aluminum 6 Chemical Corp. Unitrd Aircraft Corpoti//iorc, Ed.r/ EiLwtfo~d8. Cotz):. Spokane, Washington Tteasurer MRS.ELIZABETH R. USHER OLIVEE. KENNEDY Metropolitan Museum of Art Room 5600, 30 Rocdefeller Plax, Neu Yorb, A'. 1'. New York, New York Immediate Past-President DONALDWASSON DR. BURTONW. ADKINSON Council on Foreign Relations National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C. New York. New York EXECUTIVE SECRETARY: BILL M. WOODS ASSISTAXTTO THE EXECUTIVESECRETARY: KATHRYN E. SNITH Special Libraries Association 31 East 10 Street, New York 3, New York MEMBERSHIP Dues: Sustaining - $100 ; Active - $1 5; A~sociale- $10 ; Afiliate - $15 ;Student - $2 ; Emeritus - $5 ; Life - $250. For qualifications, privileges and further information, write the Executive Secretary, Special Libraries Association.

PUBLICATIONS Aviation subject headings, 1949 ...... $1.75 Nicknames of American cities, towns Bibliography of engineering abstract- and villages past and present, 1951 .... ing services (SLA bibliography no. Picture sources: an introductory list, I), I955 ...... 1.50 1959 ...... Bibliography of new guides and aids S1.A directory of members, as of Oc- to public documents use 1953-1956 tober 21, 1960 ...... members (SLA bibliography no. 2), 1957 ...... 1.50 nonmembers A checklist for the organization, opera- SLA loan collection of classification tion and evaluation of a company li- schemes and subject heading lists, 1959 brary, 1960 ...... 2 .OO Source list of selected labor statistics, Contributions toward a special library rev. ed., 1953 ...... glossary, 2nd ed., I950 ...... 1.25 Sources of commodity prices, 1960 ...... Correlation index document series & Special Libraries Association-its first PB reports, 1953 ...... 10.00 fifty years, 1909-1959,1959 ...... Creation & development of an insur- Special Libraries Association personnel ance library, rev. ed., 1949 ...... 2.00 survey 1959, 1960 ...... Directory of special libraries. 1953 ...... 5.00 Subject headings for aeronautical en- Fakes and forgeries in the fine arts, 1950 1.75 gineering libraries, 1949 ...... Handbook of scientific and technical Subject headings for financial librar- awards in the United States and ies, 1954 ...... Canada. 1900-1952,1956 ...... 3.00 Technical libraries, their organization Map collections in the U. S. and Can- and management, 1951 ...... ada ; a directory, 1954 ...... 3.00 Translators and translations: services and National insurance organizations in the sources, 1959 ...... United States and Canada, 1957 ...... $3.50 Visual presentation. Our library, 1953 .... TECHNICAL BOOK REVIEW INDEX-Subscription, $7.50; Foreign, $8.00; Single copies, 756

SI'ECIAI. LIRRARIES is publislwd I)?. Sprci:rl I.ibraries Associ:~tion. montlilv Srptr~nhel-to .4pril. I~irnor~ll~lv hhy to August, at 53 hlain Street. Ilrattlcboro. Verolont. Editorial Ofhccs: Sl Eaqt 10th Street, hea- I'ork ::. New York. Sccond class postagr paid at Brattlcboro. Vcrmont. POSTMASTER: If undeliverable, send Form 3519 to Special Libraries Association, 31 East 10 St.. New York 3, N. Y. "A course . . . in the great tradition" AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS (George E. Uhlenbeck)

THE LAN DAU-LI FSH ITZ COURSE OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS

Vol. 1 MECHANICS An exposition based upon Galilee's principle of relativity and Hamilton's principle of least action. IS0 ~~~$6.50

Vol. 2 THE CLASSICAL THEORY OF FIELDS A systematic presentation of the theory of electromagnetic and gravitational fields. 354 pp-$11.00

Vol. 3 QUANTUM MECHANICS-Non-relativistic Theory Covers a wide range of problems which can be treated without the use of relativistic theory. 515 pp-$12.50

Vol. 5 STATISTICAL PHYSICS An exposition of statistical physics and thermodynamics, completely rewritten and augmented from the original Russian edition. 496 pp-$12.50

Vol. 6 FLUID MECHANICS Covers topics not usually found in such books, i.e. heat transfer and diffusion in fluids, combustion, dynamics of superfluids, etc. 536 pp-$14.50

Vol. 7 THEORY OF ELASTICITY Includes the ordinary theory of deformation of solids, plus topics such as thermal conduction and viscosity in solids, etc. 134 pp-$6.50

Vol. 8 ELECTRODY NAMlCS OF CONTINUOUS MEDIA The theory of electromagnetic fields in matter and theory of the macroscopic electric and magnetic properties of matter. Includes a very modern treatment of plasma dynamics. 370 pp-$12.50

THE SIGN OF EXCELLENCE IN SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING BOOKS ADDISON-WESLEY PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. Reading, Massachusetts, U. S. A. FEBRUARY 1961 Announcing an Important New Journal KYBERNETIK A Journal Dealing with the Transmission and Processing of Information as well as with Control Processes in Both Automata and Organisms Zeitschrift fiir Nachrichteniibertragung, Nachrichtenverarbeitung Steuerung und Regelung in Automaten und im Organismus KYBERNETIK aims to further experimental and theoretical investigations in the follow- ing fields: information theory; theory of automata; theory of control systems; mathe- matical foundations of communication theory; sensory processes and micro- and marcrophysiology of the central nervous system in relation to information handling by organisms (including man) and task-oriented groups; mathematical models for communication and control processes in organisms.

The issues of KYBERNETIK, published by Springer-Verlag. Germany, will appear at irregular intervals during 1961.

Volume 1, Number I, January 1961 ...... $3.60 Maximum price for Volume 1...... $19.20 WALTER J. JOHNSON, INC. Subsc-i rptron Depn~tmelzt 111 Fifth Avenue, New York 3, N. Y.

A New Reprint Now Available Nuclear Science Abstracts Volumes 1-8, 1948-1954 Cloth bound set ...... $230.00 Paper bound set ...... 200.00

Volumes 1-3, 1948-1949 Single volumes, paper bound...... $20.00 Volume 4, 1950 Paper bound volume ...... 30.00 Volumes 5-8, 1951-1954 Single volumes, paper bound in 2 parts...... 30.00

JOHNSON REPRINT CORPORATION New York and London

11 1 Fifth Ave., New York 3, N. Y. 17 Old Queen St., London, S.W.1, England

SPECIAL LIBRARIES For The Reference Library- 34MATCHES SLA Directory of Members As of October 21, 1960 An alphabetical listing of the names and addresses of the 5,429 members of Special Libraries Association of whom ' Standard's 5,321 are individuals and 108 are or- ganizations supporting the Association Library Furniture as Sustaining members. All Association officers for 1960-1961 are listed sep- Form and function combine with arately. specialized craftsmanship and the 204 pages 1960 finest materials to make $2.00 - A1ember.s Standard's line of library furniture the complete answer to your library operation and decor. A Checklist for the ...fi Organization, Operation and Evaluation of a Company Library EVALOU FISHER Part I presents general problems; Part I1 covers specific operational problems; Pdrt 111 recommends a minimum plan. Suggested reading lists. Appendix. Index. DESIGNED .. . by our own technical st& 64 pdge.r 1960 $2.00 working with the nation's top library furni- ture designers. Sources of BUILT. . . of rugged, long- service hard woods, imple- Commodity Prices mented by the finest tradition- PALJLWASSERMAN, COMPILER ally proved cabinetry tech- I niques - and hand finished to For more than 6800 commodities are gleaming perfection. given periodicals publishing prices, mar- ket or markets where prices are effective UNCONDITIONALLY and frequency with which prices appear GUARANTEED.. . in the periodicals. against warping, splitting and defects of material and workmanship 176 pages 1960 $5.00 for a full year.

Picture Sources : The famous, nationally reco rlized and ac- An Introductory List cepted Donnell line of lit,:ary furniture is exclusively manufactured by Standard HELENFAYE, EDITOR Wood Products. Gives the address, telephone number, Send today for our latest catalog. picture librarian, size, subjects, dates Study it at your leisure. Then call in and types of material in collection and our free planning service specialists conditions of use of 398 sources of pic- to get maximum quality, service and tures. Subject and source indexes and layout efficiency. No obligation, of lists of "Picture-Finding Tools." course, 128 page^ 1959 $3.50 SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION 31 East 10th St., NewYork3, N.Y. 10 Columbus Circle New York 19, N.Y. I FEBRUARY 1961 SPECIAL LIBRARIES SPECIAL LIBRARIES Oficial Journal Special Libraries Association

yolame 52, NO. 2 CONTENTS FEBRUARY 1961

An Application of Automation in the Library: Indexing Internal Reports Second Thoughts on New Library Quarters An American Publisher's Impressions of the Soviet Union The Care and Feeding of Librarians United States Naval Observatory Library: Resources and Treasures The SLA Personnel Survey: Its Value to Management Reading Habits of Executives National Library Week: Case Histories Current Concentrates of the Library World This Works For Us: Three-Part Chargeout System

SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION San Francisco: The 1961 SLA Convention City THEODORB. YERKE Miriam C. Vance: In Memoriam MRS. LOUISEPRESSGROVE Association News SLA Sustaining Members

NEWS Spotted Have You Heard Off-. The Press Editor: MARYL. ALLISON SPECIALLIBRARIES COMMITTEE Assistant Editor: JUNEREPHAN Chairman: MARYBONNAR

Papers published in SPECIAL LIBRARIES express the views of the authors and do not represent the opinion or the policy of the editorial staff or the publisher. Manuscripts submitted for publication must be typed double space on only one side of paper and mailed to the editor. 0 Reprints may be ordered immediately before or after publication. Subscriptions: U. S. $7; foreign, $7.50; single copies 754. @ by Special Libraries Associ- ation 1961. INDEXED IN Business Periodicals Index, Public Affairs Information Service, Library Literature, Business Methods Index and Library Science A bstmcts. can now be put in BOOK FORM

The same processes used in University Mi- crofilms' 0-P Book program can now be called upon to convert your microfilm to book form. The methods are relatively simple-and LOW surprisingly inexpensive. Reproduction is made from negative film. The cost is on the basis of 7 cents per foot of enlarged copy on 12" wide COST book paper-plus %C per page for cutting and glue-binding in a paper cover. Total per page costs depend on microfilm format, enlargement, etc. Minimum charge -$3.00. Quotations gladly supplied before proceed- ing with work-simply send your film, and advise if you want more than one copy.

UNIVERSITY MICROFILMS, INC. 313 N. FIRST STREET, ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN An Application of Automation in the Library: Indexing Internal Reports

DR. ELSE L. SCHULZE, Manager, Technical Information Service The Procter & Gamble Company, Ivorydale Technical Center, Cincinnati, Ohia

HE TASKS of indexing, storing and re- The system we selected is basicaIIy the one T trieving information in internal technical in use at Sharp & Dohme in 1954. There are reports are among the important responsibil- minor differences, of course. For instance, ities of the Procter & Gamble Technical In- we are using the system for internal reports, formation Service. In 1952, when our reports whereas Claire Schultz used it for published collection numbered about 28,000 docu- literature. Moreover. we necessarilv intro- ments, we became acutely aware of a need duced some modifications to suit our situa- for more detailed indexing in order to tion. However, I acknowledge gratefully our achieve more thorough retrieval. We con- indebtedness to Claire Schultz and to Sharp sidered increasing the total number of sub- & Dohme for their generous assistance ject cards per report. Drawbacks to this putting our system into operation. solution included the problem of increased Very briefly, the Sharp & Dohme system space requirements for maintaining the cards. in 1954 consisted of: I) creating a dictionary Also, the matter of properly delegating index of terms important as index concepts in the terms to principal and subordinate positions pharmaceutical literature, and assigning to was an ever-present, disturbing factor. The each term a random code number; 2) selecting advantages of a type of unit-term coordinate the appropriate index terms or concepts in each index, described by Mortimer Taube and current published article of interest when the. others,l appealed to us as a way of giving article was reviewed by the library staff; 3). equal importance to each index term chosen mark-sensing the random numbers for these, for a single report. We decided to investi- terms, as obtained from the dictionary, into, gate some of the then-current proposals for an IBM card and then havine the card nonconventional methods of indexing and punched ; and finally 4) searchinithese cards to select one for experimentation. by use of an IBM machine when informa-

During the SLA Convention in May 1952, tion was to be retrieved. As new terminology- - Claire Schultz2 presented a paper that de- appeared in the literature, new terms were scribed the application of random, super- created and assigned random numbers in the positional codes to mechanically sorted dictionary. punched cards for indexing literature in the library at Sharp & Dohme (now Merck, Preliminary Decisions Sharp & Dohme). It seemed to us that this As preliminary steps to work on our ma- system might be what we were seeking, i.e., chine retrieval project, we made several de- a combination of indexing by unit terms and cisions. We decided to start the project with retrieving by machine. Discussion with Mrs. reports written from January 1954 forward, Schultz during the Symposium on Machine eventually working backward too, but not Techniques in Scientific Information at Johns farther back than 1950. As serial numbers Hopkins University in March 1953, again for identification and arrangement of the. stimulated our interest. Finally, as the result reports, we decided to use a combination of- of a visit to Sharp & Dohme early in 1954, the last two numbers of the year of the report we were ready to decide a course of action. with a number indicating the order in which. the report was received. For instance, the A revision of a talk given before the Pittsburgh Chapter and published in the Pittsburgh Chapter serial number 54.1 was assigned to the first Bulletin, vol. 27, no. 5, May 1960. 1954 report received by the library FEBRUARY 1961 We also decided to enlist the aid of report and adjective forms of single terms. For in- writers in our indexing. To assist us in catch- stance. the words "moisture," "moisten" and ing the important ideas for indexing, we "moist" were combined as a single set of arranged that the company's written instruc- terms. In cases where we anticipated much tions to report writers be supplemented with use for a term in its various grammatical instructions to include a list of index terms or forms, we split it. For instance, anticipating concepts at the end of each report. These terms a number of reports on the mechanics of could be single words or phrases and they "detergency," in addition to many reports could be few or many-just so they would on "detergents" themselves, we treated these transmit to the library staff the writer's se- as separate terms. Synonyms, and in some lection of the important ideas in his report. cases near synonyms, were entered separately We felt that we could use these terms as with a common code number. such, or translate the selections into the At first we found a large loose-leaf note- terms we would have in our dictionary of book adequate for the alphabetical list of terms. (In actual practice, we often think it terms. Later, as numerous additions to the necessary to add a few terms to the author's dictionary became necessary and as the need list.) for definitions for terms as well as cross-ref- Finally, we decided to continue for an erence information became evident. we trans- indefinite period our existing subject and ferred the information for each set of terms author indexing of reports on conventional to a 4 x 6 inch card. The cards are kept on a cards as well as to prepare coded cards for large Mosler Revo Wheel, a revolving file mechanical searching. In this way the uncer- that keeps them in order and secure but per- tainties of the new system would not jeop- mits them to be readily removed at any time. ardize our service. To each set of terms we assigned a ran- dom code number consisting of four sets of Term Dictionary two digits each. This seemed, from experi- With these advance steps decided and ar- ence at Sharp & Dohme, to be the minimum ganged, we were ready to create the pre- number of digits that could be used if many liminary dictionary of terms. Using the sub- false sorts were to be prevented during ject cards for older reports as a guide, we searches. As our source of random numbers, formulated a tentative terminology in alpha- we chose the compilation arranged by L. H. C. betical order. Of course, we combined the Tippett and edited by E. S. Pearson, under singular and plural forms of terms such as the title Tracts for Comptlters. No. 15. Ran- "germicide", "germicides." With some ex- dom Sampling Ntlmbers (Cambridge Uni- ceptions, we also combined the noun, verb versity Press, 1952).

IBM punched card developed by the Procter & Gamble Library for a single report. 64 SPECIAL LIBRARIES Punched Cards We designed our IBM card to utilize 20 columns in two fields of 10 columns each. This permitted room on the card for a left margin for writing in the serial number and author of the report and for two blown-up areas suitable for easy mark-sensing of the code numbers into the cards. The A field on the card is intended for terms for materials and trade names, and the B field is used for coding all other terms. Random numbers for each term bear the suitable A or B prefix. Our purpose in using two fields was to pre- vent overtaxing a too narrow area with punch holes and thus jeopardizing selectivity. An- other advantage gained is that the same The IBM 101 electronic statistical machine random numbers can be used twice, once in with a specially designed dial control panel each field. board. At first an IBM card of natural color was used for all reports. As the number of cards facilitated by a control panel board fitted on we coded increased, it became evident that the IBM machine on which code numbers savings in time could be effected if various involved in a search can be dialed. A draw- subject fields were distinguished by color. ing of the control panel, originally designed Even at the rate of 450 cards searched per by an engineer at Sharp & Dohme, was given minute on the IBM 101 electronic statistical to us by Claire Schultz when we started our machine, too many cards could slow the project. Our own engineers built a similar searching procedure. Accordingly, we re- but modified panel board for our use. tained and continued to maintain the natural colored deck of cards as the reserve master Development of System set and, in addition, arranged for a duplicate Now, six years after we began the project, deck in five parts as the operating deck. Sub- we feel we are finally in business as far as ject divisions and colors for the five parts mechanical retrieval is concerned. We have are I) reports on soaps and detergents on about 2,000 sets of index terms in our dic- green cards, 2) foods on salmon cards, 3) tionary. Approximately 6,000 of our reports oil processing on yellow cards, 4) toilet are coded, but the rate at which reports are goods on blue cards and 5) paper and cellu- coding is now increasing. Our faith in the lose on red cards. If a report covers more system is such that we discontinued conven- than one subject field, two or more colored tional-type subject cards for reports last surn- cards are entered into the file, in addition to mer. Only author cards are now prepared in the single card of natural color in the master conventional form. Changes in terminology set. and procedure in the experimental stage For searching we use the IBM 101 elec- slowed our program, but these are largely tronic statistical machine, which is rented for behind us. At present we are coding at a library use alone. It is housed in a closed rate to keep us up to date on the indexing of area of the Ivorydale Technical Center Tech- the 65 reports or so received each month. nical Library, where three girls (two of them Also, we have gradually worked back chemists) are always on duty. Questions in- through the older reports to those for 1952. volving report searches from the Ivorydale One of the problems that delayed our location as well as from the two other P&G progress was that of handling individual Technical Libraries in the Cincinnati area are chemical names. At first we gave each chem- transmitted to this central area. Searching is ical mentioned in a report a code number in

FEBRUARY 1961 the A field. We found this procedure im- Indexing and Retrieval Procedures practical, for example, when we encountered At this point it seems appropriate to a report in which a chemist itemized results describe briefly the steps our library docu- on as many as 50 or more compounds he mentalists take both in indexing a report in had tested for germicidal properties. Many the system as well as in retrieving informa- times individual chemicals are examined once tion in filed reports. for a special purpose and, proving unsatis- As an example of a report coming to the factory, they are never used or looked at file for indexing, I have chosen one entitled again.- To sd~vethe problem, we decided that "The Determination of the Isomers of a chemical must be studied at least 10 times Methyl Ionone by Gas Chromatography." A before it would be given a code as an indi- library documentalist reads the report, con- vidual. It could be coded on an IBM card sults the index terms listed at the end by the under a chemical family code, as "silver and author and makes out what is called a aork compounds" or "amines" but not as a specific sheet. The work sheet serves as the perma- chemical until it passed the "10-times test." nent record of how a report is indexed as When first eniountered in a report, the well as the record used by the person later chemical is entered on a 3 x 5 inch card mark-sensing and punching the IBM card. under its specific name in a chemical com- Information on the sheet includes the pound card index, with the report serial num- title of the report, the author names, the ber below the name. After ten entries ap- serial number. the date. the index terms pear on this card, the chemical is assigned a selected and their corresponding code num- place in the dictionary and a code number, bers. At the very top of the sheet, the subject the code number is punched into the IBM field (or fields) in which the report falls is cards existing for the reports in which the indicated to show the color or colors of IBM chemical is mentioned and the card for the card to be used for coding. Near the bottom chemical in the com~ound index is dis- of the sheet, any terms entered in the com- carded. pound index are indicated. If the report concerns work done by or with a particular organization, such as work done in a particu- lar factory, this fact is recorded at the bottom of the work sheet. Completed work sheets are sent in batches of one hundred to the company's data systems department, where the IBM cards are mark-sensed and punched. When returned, the work sheets are filed permanently by serial number in three-ring notebooks, while the IBM cards are added in

random fashion to the existing- collection of cards in the same color. To show the procedures involved in mak- ing a mechanical search, let us assume that we are asked for all reports dealing with the analysis of perfume raw materials by use of gas chromatography. From the revolving wheel containing the dictionary terms, the documentalist selects the term cards for "Perfumes" (code A 50-45-35-24), for "Analysis" (code B 93-85-71-25), for "Gas" Typical work sheet filled in by a library docu- (code B 47-98-13-11) and for "Chromatog- mentalist as an aid in punching the IBM raphy" (code 31-15-50-25). She takes card and as a permanent record for each B report. these cards to the dial board of the IBM SPECIAL LIBRARIES for quickly locating a clearly defined area of information. Also, it is very productive on questions of a quite general nature, such as a request for all reports dealing with mildness of soaps and synthetic detergents. In cases of requests for a very specific topic, on which possibly only one or two reports exist, the conventional subject cards yield the same answer in less time. In general, limited time studies of both indexing and retrieving, comparing conven- tional methods with the IBM method, have so far led to these conclusions: 1. About half as much time is required to in- dex one report by the conventionai method as by the IBM method. However, the number of direct index approaches or access points re- sulting is over eight times greater by the IBM method, thus promising greater retrievability. 2. With reference to retrieval, often more Sample index-term cards from dictionary time is reauired to retrieve bv the IBM kept on revolving wheel. machine than by the conventional subject card system, but usually with more complete machine, adjusts it for the A field and dials results. In cases of limited subject searches, as the code for "Perfumes." Only the green well as of those for reports by specific and blue IBM cards need be sorted as the authors or on specific subjects, the conven- question is one falling in the soap and toilet tional method yields quicker results. How- goods field. She sets the machine in operation ever, in cases of requests for extensive sub- to select the cards on "Perfumes." When ject searches or for searches in which several these are sorted out, she sets the machine for qualifying factors must be met, the IBM the B field, dials the three sets of B codes at machine yields more information. This one time and passes through the cards from should be increasingly true as the number of the first sorting. The cards dropping out this reports coded for IBM increases. time represent the final answer-they show Much work has been done on machine the serial numbers of all reports on the sub- documentation since we started our project in ject of analysis of perfume materials by gas 1954. Perhaps if we were initiating a pro- chromatography. gram today we would choose a somewhat dif- Testing System ferent method. However, most of the labor To test the effectiveness of mechanical in establishing these newer systems concerns searching we carried out some time studies, the selection of index terms, both for the dic- including a study of the question just em- tionary and from the reports. Conversion to ployed as an example of searching. Using the a modified system or adaptation to another IBM system on this question concerning re- type of machine should not be especially ports on analysis of perfume raw materials difficult, if we decide on a change. by gas chromatography, we found that we lo- CITATIONS cated references to seven reports on the sub- 1. TAUBE,M., et al. Unit Terms in Coordinate ject in three minutes' time. Use of our con- Indexing. American Documentation, vol. 3, no. 4, ventional subject cards yielded four reports Fall (Oct.) 1952, p. 213-18. in ten minutes. The IBM method is well 2. SCHULTZ,Claire K. Mechanized Punched Card Systems for Recording and Searching the Literature. suited to this type of search, which involves Paper presented at the Special Libraries Associa- the combination of several indexing terms tion 43rd Annual Convention, May 26-29, 1952. FEBRUARY 1961 Second Thoughts on New Library Quarters

HAYNES McMULLEN, Professor of Library Science lndiana University, Bloomington, lndiana

INCE FEBRUARY 1958 rent. The kinds of equipment and materials S Special Libraries has used in these libraries are still available and carried as a regular fea- likely to be used in the future-unless the ture a series of articles librarians have found them unsatisfactory. entitled "Planning the I asked each librarian five questions. Here New Library," and there are the questions and here, in summary, are have been similar articles the answers. in earlier issues. In these Which of the features described in your articles librarians have described their new article in Special Libraries have given you library quarters, usually in glowing terms. If and your staff the most satisfaction? Which each of these articles had been written after have pleased the users most? the passage of a few years, would the terms have glowed so brightly ? Have weaknesses It is a great pleasure to report that all of appeared in the general arrangement or in the librarians are still very happy in their the design of the furniture or the equipment new libraries. Here is a typical answer, "We to sadden the hearts of the once-proud oc- have been in our new quarters for three cupants of these libraries? Do any of these years, and it is surprising how very few librarians now have words of warning to changes and corrections we would make." pass on to others who may be planning new The feature mentioned most often is not any quarters ? single item of equipment or furniture but To find the answers to these questions, I rather the over-all feeling of spaciousness wrote, last May; to 19 librarians who have and beauty. Several mention the pleasure the described their new quarters in Special Li- new color scheme brings to staff and readers, b~ariesduring the past six years. Sixteen of and two even mention the view from the them (or their successors) replied very windows as a rime source of satisfaction. graciously and fully about their satisfactions While some are happy because of spacious or dissatisfactions. The three who did not airiness, others are particularly pleased be- send usable answers had excellent excuses for cause certain ~ortionsof their libraries have not doing so-one was on an extended vaca- been cut up into smaller units. Two report tion, one was so busy planning still another that their carrels are in heavy demand by move that he couldn't find time to write users who want a degree of privacy, another about the quarters he was then occupying mentions the popularity of conference rooms and the third one had the best excuse of all and a fourth mentions the convenience-and -he hadn't yet moved into the space de- status value-of new ~rivateoffices for staff scribed in the article. members. Most of the 16 libraries represented by The item praised by the largest number of the usable letters had been occupied for two librarians is some kind of "index bar" where or three years when their librarians wrote to the more heavily used indexing and abstract- me. The oldest library had been opened in ing journals are shelved and easily consulted. 1954, and the youngest had been in operation The design of this equipment (or is it furni- for 12 months, so the principles their plan- ture?) varies from library to library, but ners followed are ones likely to be still cur- five librarians are pleased to have it. SPECIAL LIBRARIES Almost any aspect of new quarters can sufficient space in the area assigned for work give pleasure to someone. One librarian with patents and in another the reference mentions the photoelectric cell at the door colIection has rapidly outgrown the space that automatically counts the number of allotted. However, none report that the persons using the room, and three librarians facilities as a whole have been outgrown. include their workroom sinks in the list of The only piece of equipment that has features that have given them cause to re- proved unsatisfactory in more than one li- joice. Another puts high on her list of new brary is wooden shelving with tilted bottom blessings a delivery port between the outer shelves. These tilted shelves make titles of corridor and her workroom whereby mail can books easier to read, but the friction coating be delivered without the disturbance of a that keeps the books from sliding backwards mailman's trip through the reading area. also makes it difficult to slide them from A few of the more satisfactory aspects of side to side when the occasion demands. new quarters are ones that might be ex- There is an unavoidable temptation to re- pected, such as air-conditioning, which re- port reactions to two features, even though duces the need for cleaning equipment and these particular items are not likely to be materials, and new steel shelves that are easy widely copied. A fireplace that really works to adjust. For the most part, the replies in- was built in one library, in spite of the pro- dicated that efforts made to plan unusual tests of the librarian who has since come to features have resulted in unusual satisfaction. love it because of the pleasant air it adds to the room at all times and because of the Which features (if any) have been disap- warmth it adds on the occasions when the poi~zting to you, your staff, or users? From heating system fails. A circular staircase in this I hoped to gather some pointers that the same library saves space but is unpopular might prevent other librarians from making with female members of the staff. mistakes in the future. Thirteen of the 16 librarians were able to How do you feel about built-in equipment or name disappointing features. It is difficult to furniture and any other specially designed classify the reply from a library with a large equipment or furniture? Here I tried to ob- window area, whose librarian writes, "The tain guidance on two points that have caused sun does make it quite warm but why should a considerable amount of joy or sorrow in I complain?" The causes for the complaints the past. listed by the other 13 are all minor compared Only eight librarians had anything to say with the causes for rejoicing but are almost about built-in equipment, and only one of as varied as the sources of satisfaction. these is unqualifiedly in favor. For the most A few mention lighting problems. Three part they feel it should be used only in ex- have less light in some areas than they want, traordinary circumstances or should be avoided and three have more than is desirable at cer- because the typical special library must ex- tain times in certain places. Two of the three pect to move from one location to another with insufficient illumination have unsatis- from time to time. factory recessed fixtures, which either will or On the subject of other specially designed should be replaced with hanging fixtures. furniture and equipment there is more en- Two of the three with too much light have thusiasm, but several librarians urge caution. found it hard to control the glare from large Some are delighted with the appearance of windows, and the third has found it impos- specially designed reading tables and with sible to darken the area where the Microcard the convenience of the unique shelves for reader is used. indexing and abstracting volumes mentioned Several librarians report that certain types above. But one reports that chairs cannot of materials or operations requiring special be pushed close to her specially designed equipment have quickly outgrown the space tables, and another reports that although the provided for them-an atlas case in one li- workmanship on her card cabinets is excel- brary has become too small, another has in- lent, the slide devices for releasing the rods FEBRUARY 1961 69 ih the drawers are inferior to those on cabi- tioned more than once. The rapid increase in nets from library supply houses. Another feels the use of machines in librarvwork is men- that her special equipment is not as useful as tioned by two librarians, and unexpectedly standard equipment would be, but it is more heavy demands for carrel space is also men- beautiful and, on balance, more satisfactory. tioned by two librarians. One of the latter Two librarians offer suggestions that wishes he had carrels near the center of the would seem to have value for anyone con- stacks because the users now have to carry sidering special designs. One feels that a some books a considerable distance. diligent search is likely to turn up a firm that Taken altogether, the second thoughts produces ready-made furniture or equipment about new quarters are happy thoughts. of almost any description, and the other ad- These librarians continue to be pleased with vises that specially designed equipment the comfort and beautv of their surround- should be part of the plans only when the ings, and only a few have discovered im- library's parent firm has someone competent portant weaknesses in planning or in the to supervise its production. execution of their plans. Have materials worn well and been easy to Reep clean? From this question I hoped to CITATIONS obtain hints about the lasting qualities of the The people who answered my questions are in many handsome new kinds of surfaces which charge of the libraries described in the following articles in Special Libraries: bring pleasure to the eye and comfort to the BROWN,Alberta L. The Upjohn Company Library. body in these libraries. vol. 49, March 1958, p. 113-7. FERGUSON,Elva M. Pennsylvania Railroad Com- Most librarians continue to be well pleased pany. vol. 49, May-June, 1958, p. 210-2. with the materials of the floor surfaces in FREEMAN,Elsa S. The Housing and Home Fi- their quarters. Those who go about their nance Library. vol. 49, July-Aug. 1958, p. 260-5. business on carpeting are the most enthusias- GORMAN,D. W. The Ford Motor Company En- tic, reporting that it wears well and is easy gineering Staff Library. vol. 49, Feb. 1958, p. (56-9. GRIFFIN,Marjorie. The IBM Research Library. to clean. One who has a vinyl-asbestos floor vol. 50, July-Aug. 1959, p. 255-9. wishes she had cork, and one who has cork HOLZAPFEL,Ruth. General Electric Co., Silicone reports that it requires much care but is Products Department. vol. 49, Nov. 1958, p. worth the trouble. 434-8. KIRCHHOF,Elizabeth H. and SPINA, Patricia J. Several mention their enthusiasm or lack Universal-Cyclops Steel Corporation Library. vol. of it in regard to table and desk tops. Two 50, Feb. 1959, p. 72-7. or three report that plastic table tops are ex- KNAPP, Paul. The Ohio Oil Company Research cellent, another reports that an oil-finished Center Library. vol. 51, Jan. 1960, p. 30-6. KREITER,Carmen S. The Stuart Company Pharma- wood does not show scratches and another ceutical Library. vol. 50, May-June, 1959, p. 202-5. is happy with glass-topped tables. One is LECHNER,Marian G. Connecticut General Life dissatisfied with linoleum surfaces and Insurance Company. vol. 49, April 1958, p. 165-70. wishes she had plastic. One warns against PAGE,Henrietta M. Avco Research and Advanced acoustical plaster on lower parts of walls Development Library. vol. 49, Oct. 1958, p. 391-5. PETTENGILL,George E. American Institute of because it is easily damaged. Architects Library. vol. 45, March 1954. p. 124-5. SCHULZE,Else L. The Procter & Gamble Com- Have there been any unforeseen develop- pany M. A. & R. Technical Library. vol. 50, Jan. ments which have made you wish you had 1959, p. 20-5. planned differently? With my last question, WAHL,David R. The Mix Library of the Weiz- I tried to find out how to predict the un- mann Institute of Science. vol. 50, March 1959, p. 123-31. predictable. WALFORD,Bess P. and MACE,C. V., Jr. Philip Most librarians were able to foresee all Morris Research Center Library. vol. 51, April changes that have taken place in their com- 1960, p. 200-4. WILKINSON,William A. Monsanto Chemical Co., panies or their libraries up to the present. Organic Research Library. vol. 50, Dec. 1959, p. Only two unexpected developments are men- 498-504.

SPECIAL LIBRARIES An American Publisher's Impressions of the Soviet Union

EARL M. COLEMAN, President, Consultants Bureau Enterprises, Inc., New York

T THE SAME time Premier Khrushchev ship-by-correspondence with the official A was sailing for New York and the Soviet book agency, Mezhdunarodnaya United Nations aboard the "Baltika," Mrs. Kniga, to receive presentation copies of the Coleman and I were flying into Kiev airport first scientific book ever published simul- on our way to Moscow. Upon arrival the taneously in Russian and in English in two Soviet customs inspector asked us only one hemispheres, and to meet as many scientists, question, "Do you have any books?" The heads of publishing houses and directors of single, most vivid impression we have of our scientific institutes as we could in the few stay in the USSR is the intensity of the Rus- weeks we had allotted ourselves. sians' relationship with the printed word. It is as difficult to go to the Soviet Union Soviet Book Agency without preformed ideas as it is to be a As readers may be aware, our relationship venireman for some sensational trial. It with Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga has involved seemed to us, however, that we had to be as its granting Consultants Bureau the exclusive close to clean blotting paper as possible if world rights in the English language to im- we wanted to soak up any real impressions. I portant Soviet scientific journals and books. do not know how well we succeeded because In June 1960, the agreement we originally too much of what we saw conflicted with too made with the Soviets in 1958 for the rights much else. The people, for example, have a to journals was renewed for a two-year drab look to Western eyes, but on the other period. (During 1961, Consultants Bureau hand the sheer cubic footage of new housing will translate on a cover-to-cover basis 34 is staggering. Our first four days in Moscow Soviet scientific and technical journals.) For were filled with red tape, but at the end of the past few years, we have had an informal our visit we saw (without a guide) an opera agreement with Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga performed by an amateur group in the whereby it granted us the rights to books on Workers' Club at the Kirov Locomotive Fac- an individual request basis. Due to the steady tory. Although there seemed to be no short- growth of this part of our publishing pro- ages, equally there seemed to be no plenty. gram, we went to the USSR in the hope of In many European countries, such a situation signing a long-term contract with the official produces a close-fisted attitude among the Soviet book agency for such book rights. people; we found the Russians to be open- On our first contact with Soviet official- handed. I suppose we found what tourists dom, we chanced upon an interesting con- find in any country when they leave their cept-one that might be expanded with some provincialism behind-a country different profit. During the course of our early con- from our own. versations with executives of Mezhdunarod- Twelve years ago, Consultants Bureau ini- naya Kniga, we brought up one of the most tiated the first cover-to-cover translation of a perplexing problems we had encountered in Russian scientific journal, and it is today the our correspondence with them. There had largest publisher of Soviet scientific books been occasional instances when we were re- and journals in English translation. Mrs. fused the rights to translate a certain journal. Coleman and I went to the USSR in order to This refusal always came to us in the form formalize personally our four-year relation- of a rather brief letter stating that they re- FEBRUARY 1961 gretted being unable to grant us rights. Seven Year Plan. I pointed out that, of Needless to say, we were curious to know course, Consultants Bureau too believed in the reasons for these isolated cases but were planning, but that since we were a much never enlightened to our satisfaction, despite smaller organization, we wanted to start off repeated queries. a bit less ambitiously with a Six Year Plan Then at last we were in a position to pur- in the form of a six-year contract granting us sue the matter personally, and we took the the rights to translate and publish the most opportunity of asking about a particular jour- significant Russian scientific books. Their nal, the rights to which we had not been first reaction was that six years was too long able to obtain. The Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga a term for a contract. But the humor of the officials were obviously amazed at our per- request helped to persuade them, and we sistent curiosity but eventually told us that actually did sign a six-year contract with the they had not granted the rights because pub- official Soviet book agency on extremely lication of the journal in question was not favorable terms. contemplated until late 1961. I commented As a result of our many meetings, Mezh- that a great deal of time and annoyance dunarodnaya Kniga came to understand our might have been saved had they informed problems very well, and this understanding us of this in their very first letter on the is reflected in the new contract. They are subject. Their response was, "Why should now fully aware of the necessity of making we have told you why? We told you that Soviet scientific information more rapidly you could not translate the journal." known to the Western world. To this end At this point, Mrs. Coleman and I felt we are to be supplied with a constant stream that we were running up against the stone of information from scientific institutes, wall of "Russian intransigence." Yet our presses, scientists and Mezhdunarodna~a feeling was that in this case there was no de- Kniga itself. Thus Consultants Bureau will sire on Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga's part to be be in a position to know well in advance unilateral, since it finally did grant us the what important books are coming out in the rights to the journal-when, as and if it is Soviet Union. We shall in the future be able published. Rather we felt that instead of to publish translations of significant mono- dealing with a society hundreds of years old, graphs, symposia, conference proceedings with people who were skilled in sophisti- and collections of articles, all dealing with cated reasoning and communication, we highly specialized scientific and technical were, in reality, dealing with a 40-year-old subjects, with no more than a six-month de- society whose members were just not ac- lay, since the Soviets will expedite the dis- customed to conducting a Western-style busi- patch to us of page proofs, photographs and ness relationship. all the other necessary materials. The same question occurred again and again during our first five meetings with General Publishing Scene Mezhd~narodna~aKniga, "Why must we During the course of our negotiations tell you why?" At our final meeting, how- with Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, we were also ever, one of the top officials said to me in a meeting with the heads of scientific institutes, triumphant tone, "We know how to deal some leading scientists and with the top offi- with you now, Mr. Coleman. When we write cials of 14 presses. Thirteen of these presses to you from now on, we will tell you 'be- publish only scientific and technical material. cause, because, because.' And if there are no Somewhat ironically, it was the one "gen- becauses, we will make them up!" eral" press that understood our problems the This unexpected wit dispelled yet another best. This was the Foreign Literature Press, preconceived notion I had had-that Rus- which deals exclusively with the translation sians have no sense of humor. We found into Russian and publication of non-Russian that a humorous approach worked wonders books, scientific and otherwise. We com- with them. For example, we lauded the nliserated for several hours with the director creativity of planning evidenced by a new of this press over the problems of finding SPECIAL LIBRARIES capable and reliable translators, coping with forget the young woman construction worker considerably higher production costs than who entered the Academy of Sciences book- other presses, relying on smaller markets, the store on Gor'kii Street, where only highly sci- necessity for higher prices than those of entific material is sold. She was evidently on original-language material and similar diffi- her lunch-hour and still wearing her semi- culties. This director's story mirrored ours, uniform of quilted jacket and muddy boots. and it was comforting to discover that in To our amazement, after examining several spite of the evident efficiency of the Soviet titles, she chose a tome on the use of ceramics distribution system, this publisher too runs in industrial engineering. into troubles much the same as those that I also recall walking along the street near confront Consultants Bureau with translated the Metro station in Moscow where, along scientific material. with women's magazines, newspapers and The mass distribution system, which I novels, gigantic English-Russian dictionaries mentioned above, is probably the most strik- were being sold to avid commuters from ing aspect of Soviet publishing. There is open-air book stalls. When I asked our hardly a downtown street in Moscow that iuide if many people were studying English, does not have at least one bookstore on it. she said it was her belief that hundreds of and perhaps book stalls on the sidewalk as thousands were. She commented that I must well. Of course, that is something of an ex- have noticed that at least half the people we aggeration, since in 1957 there were some had spoken to knew English to some degree. 20,000 bookstores and stalls in the entire "We even have a television course to teach Soviet Union. (I do not have more recent English," she added. I knew that in New figures.) Nevertheless, the impression we ~oikwe too have a Russian television course received was of books. books. books. I must -at six o'clock in the morning-and I asked admit in all fairness, however, that a journey- her when the English course was given. Her man architect might instead have seen answer was, "At seven o'clock at night, be- buildings, buildings, buildings. cause almost everybody is home then." I The director of press after press pointed thought of "prime time" and made no fur- with pride to runs of scientific books on the ther comment on that subject. research and post-graduate level of as many It was an unfortunate omission that we as 50,000 copies and to the fact that prices of could not visit any libraries because our such books range from about $1.25 to $2.50. schedule was so very crowded. To say that When I challenged the profitability of such we passed them on the streets and that they ventures, one director asked me, "If I were pointed out with great pride, with sell 50,000 copies at $2 each, can I make a numbers of volumes being rattled off and profit?' I was forced to admit that since ad- the great size of the buildings being demon- vertising plays no part at all in his case and strated, is to tell a very skimpy story indeed. since his distribution is already set up for Nothing exceeded the warmth of the him, he will indeed make a handsome profit. greeting we received in Leningrad, where, as Part of this profit is retained by the press a result of months of close cooperation be- itself, part of it goes in taxes to the state. Al- tween the Institute of Silicate Chemistry, the though I do not understand the complicated Academy of Sciences Press and Consultants mechanism, I was informed that some of the Bureau, The Structure of GIaxs was pub- annual profit is passed on to employees in the lished simultaneously in Russian in Lenin- form of raises and bonuses or housing built grad and in English in New York. The pro- by the press. ceedings of this significant conference on The insatiable market for these books is the glassy state were translated by Con- almost unbelievable! I heard that close to 60 sultants Bureau piecemeal as it received the million people of all ages are currently tak- Russian page proofs from Leningrad. On ing formal educational courses of one kind October 20, 1960, for the first time to our or another. Mrs. Coleman and I will never knowledge, a Russian scientific book was

FEBRUARY 1961 published on the same day as its English translation. Less than four months had elapsed from the receipt of the first batch of SPOTTED page proofs of this 492-page book to pub- lication of the finished translation, bound Those who do not regularly see "Sci- and jacketed. This publishing feat amazed ence" are urged to seek out the October 21, the Soviets, and, I must confess, even some- 1960 issue, which contains a highly informa- what amazed us. Because of the excellent co- tive article by Don R. Swanson entitled operation we received in the preparation of "Searching Natural Language Text by Com- this volume, we are planning to publish the puter." The author summarized an informa- proceedings of many more important con- tion retrieval study supported by the Council ferences, and where deemed necessary, we on Library Resources, Inc. and describes pre- will try to produce these simultaneously with liminary experiments with text searching and the Russian originals. automatic machine indexing as a practical approach to the basic problems of library Looking back on our USSR trip, two facts automation. Microfilm has become a seem particularly important because of their medium of primary publication with the re- possible implications. One is that the new lease of "Histology of British Mosses" by contract granting us the exclusive rights to Educational Productions Limited, East Ards- outstanding Soviet scientific books extends ley, Wakefield, Yorkshire, England. The for six years. This would seem to indicate typewritten and hand-painted manuscript that the official Soviet book agency antici- prepared by Professors Else and Trotter was pates a prolonged period of free trade be- published in full and in color on microfilm tween the USSR and the United States. One and is available in no other form. This is an can only hope they are well informed! The important "first" in the history of book pub- second fact is that the U-2 incident occurred lishing. . M. C. Pottinger, a Scottish li- during our cooperative efforts with the Len- brarian who recently visited the Soviet ingrad scientists toward the simultaneous Union, has reported that libraries in Russia may be free but to borrow books is neither publication of The Structure of Glass. When a simple nor entirely private transaction. we read of the political furor caused by this Soviet readers are issued tickets on which incident, we had many doubts that we would they must record their names, nationality, continue to receive such close cooperation party membership, occupation, education, from the Soviets. What relief then when the home address, place of employment, tele- flow of Russian material kept coming in and phone number and details of their identity our relationship with the Leningrad scien- papers. In addition the tickets have space tists and publishers remained friendly. for recording titles of the books a reader At the outset of our stay in the Soviet has borrowed. Another library visitor Union, I must admit that I behaved "like a from the British Isles, Anthony Thompson, tourist"-insular, my-own-view-minded, un- described his impressions of Soviet libraries willing to accept anything different and with in the June 1960 "Aslib Proceedings." He something of a chip on my shoulder. At our commented: "The first thing one saw on en- first meeting with Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, tering a library was a notice, 'Will you it became apparent that one of two things please undress!' This meant, of course, that could happen. We could get nowhere if we one ought to take off one's fur coat, fur hat, galoshes and so on." People may scoff clung to our prejudices. Or I could tvy to make things go smoothly. I had to decide at the idea of machine translations, but hu- man translations can be pretty confusing, then whether the goal-an excellent contract, too. Witness, for instance, this communica- inherent in which would be rapid dissemina- tion in an English version of a Japanese tion of scientific information to our own laboratory report: "If you want to get the American scientists-was more important following issue continually please write to than the cherishing of long-held views. I be- us in order that your correct address may lieve the choice made will bear fruit for all. be filed by us."

SPECIAL LIBRARIES The Care and Feeding of Librarians

FRANCIS L. LaQUE, Vice-president and Manager Development and Research Division, The International Nickel Co., Inc., New York

IBRARIANS dealt with carry on their activities under difficult condi- L in this discussion will tions. The nature of their tasks is such that be assumed to be in a the space required for them must inevitably state of captivation. This increase in what may approach a should not be confused progression. However, it does not follow with captivity. Librarians that the space so required is likely to expand are not ordinarily born in at the same rate.

ca~tivitvI I and are rarelv In the worst cases, the quarters assigned trapped or otherwise forced into library to librarians are what are left over after all service. They are not even naturally wild, other needs for space have been provided though they have been known on occasion to for. By occasional coincidence, an allocation act as though they were. Such instances of space bears a reasonable resemblance to should not be misinterpreted as representing what it should be. These more or less fortui- a reversion to an original state of wildness. tously harmonious situations are likely to be Instead, as is the case with many other of short duration, however, since libraries species, a temporary manifestation of wild- established in remnant space rarely, if ever, ness is most likely to be induced by some sort have any room for expansion, even though of provocation or frustration. For example, it is inevitable that the number of librarians, librarians have been known to remark that so and what they deal with, are sure to grow. and so, or this or that, is driving them wild. Since libraries, librarians and what they Fortunately, only a small portion of such do continue to increase in importance and threatened excursions into wildness material- popularity, it is becoming more common to ize and very few reach the indicated destina- make provision for them in building plans. tion. Even then, the condition of wildness is Consequently, the allocation of space in new usually temporary. Permanently wild librar- buildings is likely to be more adequate, at ians are very rare indeed. Consequently, wild least at the start. Nevertheless, the rate of librarians will not be dealt with further in expansion of the volume of things to be these remarks. Attention will be concen- handled by librarians is likely to continue to trated on "captivated librarians." be greater than space-allotment planners The principal basis for believing that li- will be willing to recognize or manage to brarians must be regarded as being capti- have authorized. The usual result is that li- vated is the fact that otherwise it would be brarians have to become accustomed to living difficult to account for their docility, even in crowded quarters with little real hope of under circumstances they could not be ex- early relief. pected to tolerate unless captivated by the It should be evident from the foregoing more favorable aspects of their existence. that, as a class, librarians have had to culti- Pertinent to this remark is the fact that such vate the ability to carry on their assigned favorable aspects are mostly of the spirit and tasks in offices, and among stacks, under rarely in the area of "creature comforts." conditions that might reasonably be expected to lead to claustrophobia. They have had to Working Quarters learn to tolerate their co-workers breathing Librarians very frequently are required to down their necks. The implication of this in terms of the effects of feeding habits on the Paper presented at the Metals Division Fall Meet- nature of the individual breaths involved ing, October 21, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. need not be more than hinted. FEBRUARY 1961 So far, there has been no indication that regularly get a good deal of what is little this acquired characteristic of librarians has better than trash. They are supposed to be led to their being recognized as being es- able to make the necessary distinctions and pecially adaptable to travel in submarines or deal with the material accordingly. This is even space capsules. Perhaps, still secret plans not too difficult at the extremes but presents for putting animals into outer space con- many problems, especially near the trash end template the use of librarians as the next of the spectrum. step beyond the Soviet dogs and the United Frequently, the people whom librarians States monkeys. This, of course, would repre- serve find on their desks material of ques- sent a shift in the basis of choice from ex- tionable future value. Rather than running pendability to adaptability, since no one the risk of discarding something that might should feel that librarians are expendable, conceivably be wanted again and instead of except in rare instances when the previously throwing it into the waste basket immedi- referred to condition of wildness shows signs ately, it is much easier to scribble "library" of permanence. Even here there is a question on the questionable document and transfer that a wild librarian would retain the other the problem of disposal to the librarian. This characteristics required. Some other exposure recognizes the superior judgment of librar- to the chance of permanent removal would, ians but, at the same time, exposes them to no doubt, be more attractive. risks of recrimination when, at some future There are two impending problems that date, an item that is discarded by the librar- must be given appropriate attention. One of ian acquires a value not recognized, or recog- these is frequently referred to as the ex- nizable, when it first appeared. plosion of population. The other is the flood The donor runs no similar risks. If he of literature. A question arises as to which never asks for the item, the fact of its dis- danger will prevail. There is a chance that posal never becomes a matter of issue. If he the tremendous accumulation of published does ask for it, he can assert that if he hadn't matter will pre-empt the space required for recognized its value in the first instance, he an ever-expanding population. One solution wouldn't have sent it to the library. The li- may be to relegate librarians and their brarian is rarely in a position to challenge hoarded literature to outer space where, by such assertions, since even a very sudden the miracles of modern communication, they incidence of value of something that has can continue to discharge their important been thrown away frequently has a retro- functions of responding to requests for ex- active effect, at least in the mind of the cerpts from their spatial store of the world's donor. He is likely to become sure that he knowledge. recognized the future worth of the item at the time he rid himself of it and may up- Sustenance Decisions braid the librarian for failing to be as per- To a large degree, librarians have little ceptive. choice of what is sent to them for nourish- The librarian is unable to apply the ob- ment. As a matter of fact, the nourishment vious remedy against such unhappy develop- of librarians is a very minor factor in deter- ments by storing for retrieval everything that mining what they receive. This is especially reaches the library. It is usually difficult to the case with technical libraries in which find room for what obviously should be kept, items of usual human interest represent only let alone material of highly questionable a small portion of the contents. Technical li- character. brarians are basically expected to ad as cus- The problem is complicated further by the todians. In this guise they are required to fact that simple storage is not enough. Pos- deal with material covering an extremely sible retrieval must always be provided for broad range of quality. At one end of the by appropriate indexing and guides to stot- spectnun there are accessions of tremendous age location. This requires as much attention and permanent value. At the other end they to items that may never be heard of again as

SPECIAL LIBRARIES to material likely to be asked for frequently. of ways to combine words to describe a par- So the librarian is constantly called upon to ticular subject or incident and to produce a make decisions too difficult for even those cross-index file card corresponding to each who should be better informed, with the variation of the theme. An example of such continual risk of being scolded when the de- an exercise in cross-indexing, apparently for cision is wrong and with little expectation its own sake, is an instance where a file clerk that a difficult, correct decision will be was able to produce 23 cross-index cards praised, even if it should happen to be covering all possible ramifications of the recognized as such. time, place, subject matter and other aspects A natural result is that librarians must of an invitation to give a technical talk-that develop a great tolerance for abuse along had to be declined. There is no time to con- with indifference to criticism. Even so, there template what additional furor of cross-in- usually remain enough chinks in their armor dexing might have resulted if the invitation to permit pain to penetrate under particu- had been accepted and the talk prepared! larly aggravating circumstances. Likewise, Such preoccupation with indexing may even with their tough veneer, most librarians occasionally be at the expense of time that are sensitive to the warming effects of praise might otherwise be devoted to proper storage if it ever should be bestowed or even sus- and retrieval activities. This is most likely to pected. Unfortunately, the incidence of praise lead to unhappy relations between librarians is generally less than that of abuse, largely and those they serve when someone has to because praiseworthy behavior is considered trade a beautiful set of cross-index cards, re- to be no more than what should be expected. lated to material of doubtful value that isn't Librarians are frequently associated with wanted, for an inability to find the item de- groups of specialists in many fields, each sired immediately. with its own jargon and family of terms un- The most important step in avoiding such familiar to people outside these fields. difficulties would be more discrimination in Nevertheless, a librarian is supposed to be at selecting what is sent to the library for dis- home with all these dialects and, not only posal. Next would be the cultivation of able to read them, but translate them into restraint in cross-indexing beyond real needs, abstracts intelligible to other nonspecialists. recognizing, of course, the necessity of antici- This subjects librarians to a very hetero- pating the many strange ways of describing geneous diet which may include material any given subject that may appear perfectly that is practically indigestible. The frequent normal to the person who is seeking some- incidence of analogues of ulcers and other thing. This becomes a particularly difficult ailments, of what TV announcers call the problem when the seeker is not quite sure lower digestive tract, is therefore under- of what he wants or how to ask for it. Of standable. course, this lack of assurance is rarely evident at the time the request is made. The librarian Pleasures and Perils must assume at the start that the need has Naturally occurring problems of the types been described precisely and undertake some that have been mentioned have required the explorations of other possibilities only after development of more and more complicated having wasted a good deal of time on the schemes for indexing and filing material re- basis of the original premise. ceived. for storage. Occasionally, this has led Librarians as a class are being subjected to to situations where librarians have become so the increasing peril of automation in the entranced, or fascinated, by the beauty and form of mysterious electronic devices de- challenges of indexing and filing schemes, signed to perform many of the functions of that they have lost sight of their purpose. librarians. While these may achieve some Some have been known to make a sort of measure of success in the least demanding a game of cross-indexing. The object of such areas of library activities, they are not likely a game is to find the largest possible number to displace librarians in their most valuable

FEBRUARY 1961 functions. Someone will still have to have a been guilty from time to time. It can be great deal of knowledge and exercise fine assumed that behavior resulting in provoca- judgment in feeding the monsters and re- tion and exasperation of librarians is usually trieving what they have stored away without inadvertent and without malice. digestion. General recognition of possibile deficien- Another aspect of this matter is suggested cies in the care and feeding of librarians, by the couplet: such as have been touched upon here, may Without any curves and without any curls reasonably be expected to have effects bene- How could they replace so many nice girls? ficial to all concerned. Librarians can be In closing, it should be understood that the expected to respond to TLC (tender loving details touched upon in these remarks do not care) by increasing their tolerance of mis- reflect any first-hand experience as a li- takes and by serving their self-styled masters brarian. Rather, they have been based on with even greater efficiency than they have actions on the other side of the fence of demonstrated under conditions of unwitting, which the speaker himself has probably yet too frequent, torment. United States Naval Observatory Library: Resources and ~reasures MARJORIE S. CLOPINE, Librarian United States Naval Observatory, Department of the Navy, Washington, D. C.

HE EARLY history of the United States the Coast of the United States . . . April 4, TNaval Observatory is inseparable from 1816." Of the titles cited, it appears certain that of several other early personages and that a number of them are in the present col- institutions. Ferdinand Rudolph Hassler, se- lection of the Naval Observatory. The hand- lected by President Jefferson in 1807 to make writing of "Library for the Survey of the an accurate survey of the United States coast- Coast," which precedes the title page of the line, drew up a plan of operations that in- Observatory copy of Tabulae Veneris by cluded construction of two astronomical ob- Bernhard August von Lindenau, 1810, cor- servatories. Although they were never estab- responds with that of "Survey of the Coast" lished, it had been contemplated that one of written in a letter by Hassler to Jefferson, them, to be located in Washington, D. C., dated January 5, 1820. This letter is in the would house the chronometers and library of Jefferson collection at the Library of Con- the Coast Survey. On a trip to England and gress. the Continent between 1811 and 1815, Hassler purchased instruments for the survey and Development in the 19th Century books for the projected observatories. These Thus, a collection of astronomical books government purchases were deposited with had begun to materialize before a national Robert Patterson, Director of the Mint in astronomical observatory existed and even Philadelphia, who was considered the origi- before the need for one had been voiced nator of the survey project. publicly by Presidents James Monroe, in A list of the books purchased appears in 1812, and John Quincy Adams, amid polit- "A Report of Secretary of the Treasury, Rela- ical derision, in 1825. A select committee of tive to the Measures Which Have Been President Adams reported on March 18, Taken to Complete an Accurate Survey of 1826, that the government already had the needed instruments and books for the es- tablishment of an astronomical observatory. Based on a talk given before the Military Librari- ans Group of SLA's Washington, D. C. Chapter However, no immediate action was taken on on February 9, 1960. this report. The United States Naval Ob- 78 SPECIAL LIBRARIES servatory did not actually come into being "To a list of the astronomical books contained until 1830, when an order of the Secretary in the library at the High School Observatory, Philadelphia, (for which, and many most valuable of the Navy established the Depot of Charts suggestions, I am under great obligations to Mr. and Instruments. The original functions of S. C. Walker,) such additions were made by this Depot were to collect and correct nau- Messrs. Airy, Schumacher, Encke and Lamont, as tical charts, books and instruments used by they deemed most essential in beginning a library; the Navy Department. Prior to 1830, the and the English, French, and German publications, were purchased at London, Paris, and Leipsic [sic] necessary books and charts, largely in foreign respectively. Professor Schumacher advised that languages, and the instruments for the Navy the Italian books should be ordered direct from were obtained by purchase from foreign the Mediterranean . . . governments or from private dealers by the "Many of the most costly books were obtained commanding officer on the Board of Naval at stores, where only second-hand copies are sold, and at sums varying from one-eighth to one-fourth Commissioners. of their original prices . . . The Mallory Act of 184.2 provided a "Much interest was evinced in the success of building for the Depot of Charts and In- the naval observatory by the distinguished savans struments. Plans were submitted, which in- I had the honor to meet; and, in token of their gratification at the establishment of an institution cluded an astronomical observatory, and the by the United States, where science will be prose- new buildings were constructed under the cuted, they have contributed to its library the fol- direction of James Melville Gilliss. In 1844 lowing books . . ."' this institution was given the name of the The exchange of publications issued by United States Naval Observatory. Originally observatories and other scientific institutions located "at the foot of Twenty-Fourth has continued to be the principal means of Street," it was relocated at its present site in growth of the collection. The first time 1893. "Books for the Library" of the Naval Ob- The rotunda at the east end of the present servatory appeared in an annual legislative main building was designed as a library, al- bill was in the Act of March 3, 1871. The though it frequently impresses visitors as first specific appropriation, $1,000, appeared having been built to house a telescope. The in the Act of May 4, 1879. attractive and unusual circular reading room rises two stories high, with a fountain in the Collections center. By 1960 the library contained over 55,000 Before setting out on an official visit to cataloged volumes, plus many periodical the observatories of Europe in 1842, Gilliss sets. There are exhaustive holdings in the submitted a procurement list that included literature of astronomy. The mathematics an item for books. The nucleus of the Naval collection, especially strong in analysis, is Observatory library was acquired on this renowned for its value in reference work. trip, about which he reported as follows: Extensive series of publications by academic "In token of the interest and gratification at societies include those of the Royal Society the establishment of the Institution felt by dis- of London from 1665 to 1932, AcadCmie des tinguished men abroad, the Library of the Observ- atory received, among its first stores, contributions Sciences, Paris, 1733 to date, Akademie der of 175 volumes from the Royal Society, Royal Wissenschaften, Berlin, 1745 to 1948 and Astronomical Society, the English Admiralty, and Akademiia Nauk SSSR, 1728 to 1949. the East India Company, and from the Astronomers In the collection there is the first German Royal at Greenwich, Berlin, Brussels, and Munich, and the directors of other distinguished observa- scientific periodical, Acta E~uditorum,1682- tories. The United States Observatory was im- 1731. The library has the continuation, Nova mediately placed upon their exchange-lists. Seven Acta Eruditorum, from 1732 to 1763. Other hundred volumes of standard works were pur- important periodicals include Annates de chased."' Chimie et de Physique, 1789-1929, and The Lists of the books presented and of the Philosophical Magazine, 1798-1946. Nurner- books purchased appear at the close of the ous articles of special interest to astronomers following account of the library's origin: are contained in these publications. The first FEBRUARY 1961 paper to appear in Philosophical Tramac- A distinguished reference work in astron- tions, volume one, 1665, concerns astronomy. omy, and relevant to allied fields, is the In this series are a large number of astro- Astronomischer Jahresbericht. Since 1899 nomical articles by John Flamsteed, Edmond this almost complete bibliography has in- Halley, John F. W. Herschel and Isaac New- dexed, on a yearly basis, the astronomical ton. literature from all countries. It is classified, Long sets of nautical almanacs from most includes many abstracts and readily leads to foreign countries include those of Great tabular data concerning the results of ob- Britain, 1767 to date, Germany, 1776 to servations of star positions, variable stars, date and France, founded in 1679, which is comets and minor planets. The library collec- almost complete from 1772 to date. Inter- tion of bibliographies of astronomy is rep- national cooperation in the exchange of resentative. The 19th century catalogs of computations for astronomical almanacs has astronomical libraries, such as those of the existed since 1912. The International Astro- Royal Astronomical Society, London, and nomical Union sponsored the publication of the Royal Observatory, Brussels, have been Apparent Places of Fundamental Stars from helpful in verifying obscure titles. 1941 to 1959; since 1960, this work has been produced by Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Rare Books Heidelberg. Beginning with the 1960 issue, The collection of 500 rare books printed The American Ephemeris and Nauticd Al- before 1800, a delight to the modern eye, is manac, the principal publication of the Naval useful to scholars and authors of today. The Observatory, was unified with The Astro- earliest of six incunabula is a first edition of nomical Ephemeris (previously The Nautical Poeticolz Astronomicon, by Caius J. Hyginus, Almanac) of Great Britain. which was printed in 1482. One of the most

In addition to astronomical e~hemerides.I beautiful books of the 15th century, illus- the library has a strong collection of star trated by Erhard Ratdoldt, it became a best catalogs and charts, observatory publications, seller during the later Middle Ages and the bibliographical reference works in astronomy, Renaissance. The woodcuts, representing con- the complete works of astronomers and math- stellations, were used again by Ratdoldt in ematicians and mathematical tables. Detailed the Observatory copies of three works by information about observatories and astron- Albumasar, printed in 1488 and 1489. The omers and astronomical facts not easily lo- first printed material on algebra, with margi- cated are incorporated in a card file of nal woodcuts of computations and diagrams, literature abstracts and references. Selective is in Suma de Arithmetica, by Luca Pacioli, reference and bibliographical services to dated 1494. There is an incomplete copy of specialists are provided. Bibliographies on the Alfonsine tables, Tabule Astronomice, the basic literature of astronomy3 are often which was printed in 1492. Organum Urani- requested by persons currently assigned to cum, by Sebastian Miinster, appeared in develop working collections in astronomy. 1536. The final section of this work, Organa The resources of the library make refer- Planetarum, contains elaborate woodcuts with ence work especially rewarding. Typical ref- movable disks representing the motions of erence questions concern such facts as: the the planets and the phases of the moon. Fine official action ending the use of the astro- colored woodcuts appear in Eclipsiunz Om- nomical day; coordinates of the observatory nium, by Cyprian Leovitius, 1556. erected in Independence Square to observe Among other early books are Machina the transit of Venus in 1769 (This observa- Codestis, by Johannes Hevelius, in two parts, tory attained greater prominence as the struc- 1673-79. The second part of this work is ture from which the Declaration of Inde- extremely rare. Almost the entire edition was pendence was first read publicly.) ; and lit- destroyed when a dismissed servant returned erature about the surface of the moon, related to set fire to Hevelius' house. There are also to the problem of constructing an observa- rare editions of the works of Apollonius of tory thereon. Perga, Ptolemy, Joannes de Sacro Bosco, SPECIAL LIBRARIES Tycho Brahe, Copernicus, Galileo, Johann Dennis Horigan, who had been an assistant Kepler, Isaac Newton, Bartholomaeus Pitis- in the library for several years, performed cus and Giovanni B. Riccioli. the duties of an acting librarian. Although One of the earliest gifts to the library, no salary for a librarian was allowed at that presented by the widow of James M. Gilliss, time, Congress created the position of as- Superintendent of the Naval Observatory, sistant librarian on July 1, 1891. Horigan 1861-65, "supplied in several cases vacancies was appointed to this position. He was in valuable series which could have with dif- eventually placed in charge of the library ficulty been supplied by inquiry and ~utlay."~ under the general supervision of a library During 1930-31, 685 volumes accumulated committee, and he served 42 years. by Asaph Hall, 1829-1907, of the Observa- The library is of particular importance for tory staff, were presented to the library by astronomers. In fundamental astronomy, one his heirs. The separate collection of the Nau- can seldom make experiments. Observations tical Almanac Office, consisting of about are of prime importance; sometimes an ob- 4,000 volumes, was consolidated with the servation can never be repeated. Thus, re- library of the Observatory in 1909. liance must be placed upon records of past observations. A great many of the publications Functions and Professional Growth received in this library never become obso- The mission of the library is to maintain lete. The United States Naval Observatory professional and technical books and publica- is an appropriate institution to preserve and tions for the use of the scientific personnel to make accessible an exhaustive collection of the Naval Observatory, other government of astronomical literature from the earliest agencies, scientists, students and qualified times to the present. individuals. An early statement about its use CITATIONS is cited in Weber :5 I. NOURSE,J. E. Memoir of the Founding and "On April 12, 1892, a joint resolution was Progress of the United States Naval Observatory adopted (27 Stat. L., 395) providing that the (U. S. Naval Observatory. Washington Observa- 'facilities for research and illustration' of certain tions, 1871, Appendix Washington, governmental collections established in the City IV). D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1873, p. 32. of Washington for the promotion of knowledge 2. J. M. Report of the Secretary of the shall be made accessible to the scientific investi- GILLISS, Navy, Communicating a Report of the Plan and gators and to students of institutions of higher Construction of the Depot of Charts and Instru- education incorporated under the laws of Congress ments, With a Description of the Instruments, etc. or of the District of Columbia. The Naval Ob- (28th Congress, 2d Session, Senate Document, v. servatory is one of twelve government institutions 7, no. 114). Washington, D. C.: Government mentioned in the resolution. An act of March 3, Printing Office, 1845, p. 55-64. 1901 (31 Stat. L., 1010, 1039), provides for such 3. CLOPINE,M. S. Astronomy (Military Bibli- access in more general terms." ographies No. 13, 13A, 13B). Military Librarians The collection is widely used by others for Division, Special Libraries Association, February verifying references and for interlibrary loan. 1958. The library collection was first classified by 4. U. S. NAVYDEPARTMENT. Report of the Secre- Edward Singleton Holden in 1879,6 when tary of the Navy, 1867. Washington, D. C.: Gov- an author card catalog of the 8,500 volumes ernment Printing Office, 1867, p. 133. 5. WEBER,G. A. The Naval Obsevvatory (Insti- was begun. In addition, a complete index to tute for Government Research, Service Monographs the publications of the Observatory from of the United States Government, no. 39). Balti- 1845-75 was compiled.7 The library is now more: Johns Hopkins Press, 1926, p. 32. arranged largely according to the Library of 6. U. S. NAVYDEPARTMENT. Annual Report of Congress classification system. the Secretary of the Navy, 1879. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1880, p. 125- Persons who acted as librarians from the 26. time of the library's establishment were, in 7. HOLDEN,E. S. A Subject-Index to the Publica- successive order, mathematicians, astronomers tions of the United States Naval Observatory, and Naval officers. From 1881-87, the library 1845-1875 (U. S. Naval Observatory. Washington Astronomical Observations, 1876, Appendix I). was in charge of officers stationed at the Washington. D. C.: Government Printing Office, Naval Observatory. From 1887-89, William 1879, 74 p. FEBRUARY 1761 The SLA Personnel Survey: Its Value to Management

ROBERT J. HOWE, Director, Salary and Organization Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc., Cleveland, Ohio

INCE SURVEYS may be of many colors and tangible. The measures or yardsticks must be S because I assumed that SLA's would be easily expressed and permit comparisons of good-but not outstanding-I felt I could reasonably like positions. probably make a contribution when I ac- Although many variances will occur be- cepted the invitation to speak to SLA's Em- tween companies and incumbents because of ployment Chairmen. (What do librarians subjective, qualitative and intangible charac- really know about surveys on compensation, teristics, a sufficiency in the number of in- I reasoned.) It is difficult to admit one is dividual cases reported in a well-conducted wrong-but I must. Salary administrators survey (and I believe the SLA survey has could learn much from a study of the SLA this sufficiency) will provide a normal that Survey. It is truly professional, and the As- can then be used as a bench-mark by indi- sociation should be proud of its Personnel vidual organizations in determining proper Survey Committee--Janet Bogardus, Donald compensation. Once this bench-mark is es- Wasson and Katharine Kinder. tablished, it is then possible for each com- pany to apply any necessary subjective and Comments and Criticisms qualitative measures in its own individual I can, by dint of hard work, find only way, each within its own company and ac- four points to make, and they are all, except cording to its policies. Arch Patton, a na- one, on the credit side of the balance sheet: tionally recognized expert in compensation, 1. The employment of Price Waterhouse & puts it this way: Co. for the conduct of the survey was ex- "Executives [and companies) are suspicious of cellent. It reflects an objective attitude on any approach to compensation that does not in- the part of the Association and lent con- volve both quantitative and qualitative bases for siderable incentive to industry response. Re- judging individual performance. "They recognize that when mathematics is the turns of over 55 per cent attest to this. principal determinant of reward or penalty, quirks 2. Of particular importance, in my view and of fate beyond their control can seriously and un- that of most companies, is the intelligent favorably affect the end result. Similarly, [they] seeking of going market rates and a careful resent being measured largely in terms of subjec- interpretation of results. tive criteria." 3. Since one should not attempt to compare Some very respectable organizations em- apples and oranges, the SLA Committee brace these same concepts in developing wisely made possible a correlation of com- bench-marks for presidents of companies, pensation with objective measures (indexes) for profit-responsible division general man- of magnitude, or responsibility. Some of agers and for the principal department heads these are type of industry, size of library, reporting to division managers. Thompson type of degree and experience. Ramo Wooldridge is one of these organiza- As a practical matter such measures must tions. Research in compensation, which we be statistical rather than narrative, objective initiated in 1953 and extended through the rather than subjective, quantitative rather years, resulted in March 1960 in a published than qualitative, concrete rather than in- description of these techniques. 4. There is only one criticism I can make Paper given before Chapter Employment Chairmen on June 7, 1960 at the 51st SLA Convention in about the SLA Survey. The Personnel Survey Cleveland, Ohio. Committee omitted one factor of possible SPECIAL LIBRARIES use and measurement-the size of organiza- them. Compensation administration is not a tion. It is a natural omission because who hit and miss technique. It must have a solid would think that perhaps librarians' salaries and consistent basis of fact. Neither the em- have greater correlation to the size of the ployee nor the company should arbitrarily enterprise than the type of library work (i.e., or unilaterally decide upon the value of the technical, reference, etc.), or to the type of work. Compensation is a two-way street and industry (i.e., nuclear, petroleum, metals, should, if possible, produce satisfaction on etc.) or to the qualifications of the librarian the part of both employee and company. (i.e., degree held and/or experience). This is not to say the employee does not In future surveys this factor might be want more money (nor, contra, that the em- given consideration, because in an inde- ployer does not hope to keep costs in bal- pendent technical librarian survey* con- ance) but only that these two natural forces ducted at the same time as the SLA Survey be recognized. Recognition of these two (but among a selected list of the nation's forces can best be accomplished through 500 largest industrial corporations) median intelligent and objective surveys and other and average salaries exceed the SLA figures collections of data which reveal the com- by roughly 10 per cent. This is a relationship pensation terms that, in effect, hundreds or that might be expected because I) the com- thousands of employees consider fair enough panies are larger and 2) the participants were to have accepted and continued in their em- more highly selected. ployment and hundreds of employers con- It is true, moreover, that, although I sug- sider fair enough to have employed such gested previously that there is greater corre- workers. lation to size than to type of library, industry The results of acceptable surveys, there- or qualifications of the librarian, sheer size fore, become the bench-mark point from factors themselves are (by and large) corre- which different organizations judge and re- lated with type of library, industry and quali- late their work at less than, equal to, or fications of personnel. The larger the com- more than data revealed by the survey. pany, the more complex is the job and the How does a company arrive at the value more qualified are the managerial personnel. (~alary)of a job? Measures of size might be one or more of the following: sales, number of clerical Just as in the SLA Survey, other surveys and professional or administrative personnel are being made constantly for every kind of employed directly in the library or number function performed by a company. In my of employees in the geographical area served. company, and in many others, the pricing of each job is made in harmony with the results Management Questions of the survey. Several considerations, how- Elizabeth Barrett, librarian at Thompson ever, must be made. One is the validity of Ramo Wooldridge, and some of her con- the survey results in terms of the needs and temporaries, have been kind enough to de- character of the company using the results. velop some questions they believe would be If a survey takes in the "universe," as it interesting to have answered. were, the results mean one thing; if the sur- How does matzagement lcse the resalts of this vey is conducted, however, among a highly Kind of a survey? Actually, there are many select list of companies-it means something ways. I shall report on ours and hope that it entirely different. In the first case many or- is fairly representative. ganizations would deliberately establish rates Surveys, such as this, are basic to the de- higher than the survey results indicate. In termination of the relative value of work both the second case a matching of compensation in the minds of the incumbents of the posi- with survey results, assuming the jobs were tions and the organizations that employ reasonably comparable, would be adequate. * A. 0. Smith Corporation Salary Survey, 1959-60. Do companies pay what they have to pay to Milwaukee: 1960, 2 p. obtain and hold the employee, or are other FEBRUARY 1961 factors involved, such as the relationship ten years' experience? To refresh your mem- between positions internally? ory, average salaries increased by a little over $1,000 annually during the first seven, eight A chap in my own company says, "There and nine years but slightly less than $700 is nothing wrong with paying a good man yearly during the next 18 to X (unknown) (or woman or librarian) a good salary. There years. This latter progress is half the gain in is everything wrong with paying a poor man twice the period of time. (or woman or librarian) a good salary." The answer is, I think, that almost every Of course companies pay what they have job has a properly decreasing rate of salary to pay to obtain and hold an employee. There progression, and every job must have an end are, however, many other factors. Reputable point. Every job most of us have ever had companies do not, as a matter of policy, can be learned in X number of years. After "make money" by holding salaries (or this point-while progress is made-the de- wages) low. When my questioners say "ob- gree of progress must necessarily be more tain and hold the employee," they must also and more limited. Companies practice salary mean the kind of employee suitable to the administration, to the best of their ability, on organization who make a contribution. the basis of matching this normal course of If the compensation of any single posi- events. If the early salary progression were tion, or all positions, is kept too low, turnover maintained forever, it would place the 40- will have its effect, and costs will rise. Every year veteran laborer at equal to or above the successful company knows that improper new president, and this would never do. A economy can be a false and misleading pol- classical question has been, is the employee icy. On the other hand, no organization can one with ten years' experience or one year's long survive if its general wage or salary experience ten times. In our frame of ref- levels are higher than its competitors', if erence, is the 25-year librarian 25 times bet- there is an equality of employee effectiveness ter than the beginner or is he, as the data between organizations. indicate, a person with 20 per cent more What is, or should be, the relationship be- effectiveness (at 8 years) repeated half again tween average salary of incumbents and the (total gain 30 per cent) at 25 years plus? hiring salary for experienced personnel? Why do only 88 out of 280 make over Our policy is that an experienced em- $lo,ooo a year? Statistically this is a little ployee should be employed at a rate which is over four per cent and is substantially that in proper balance with existing internal sal- top five per cent superior positions found in aries for personnel doing the same work- any normal distribution curve. less an amount that properly reflects the new employee's lack of knowledge about the com- The answer, of course, is supply and de- pany. The minimum rate of a range is for mand. The supply is such that with the de- personnel having minimum qualifications. mand as it is, salaries of over $10,000 to Experienced personnel should be employed four per cent of the sample provide adequate above the minimum but not quite as high as compensation to attract and hold sufficient equally experienced personnel in the com- and qualified personnel. This is where the pany in the same position. particular market the survey sampled tops out. I am sure, however, that with the ad- Why is there so little spread between the vance in technical and other areas of learn- salaries of those with seven to ten years of ing, libraries will continue to have a growing experience and those with over 25 years' ex- influence on the population and as demand perience? increases (as I foresee it will), salaries map I might turn this around, to illustrate my be expected to increase in similar degree. In point, and ask why is there so large a spread the next ten years top librarian salaries will relatively between those with less than two be more in the neighborhood of $15,000 years' experience and those with seven to -but, of course, eggs will cost more too! SPECIAL LIBRARIES Reading Habits of Executives

RUTH NIELANDER, Librarian, Kemper Insurance Group Lurnberrnens Mutual Casualty Company, Chicago, Illinois

ANY PROFILES have been drawn of the In my questionnaire I listed seven busi- M busy executive today-profiles of what ness periodicals, three business newspapers he earns, where he lives, how much educa- and three newsletters. I also questioned them tion he has. As librarians, we are particularly on the number of trade journals they read, interested in the studies of what and how the number of local daily newspapers and much he reads. the number of business and nonbusiness For many special librarians, particularly books. those who live in large cities, a very definite First, a word about the three categories of image comes to mind when executive read- executives. No hard and fast lines are drawn, ing habits are considered. We picture a but the majority of the senior executives are commuter station at 5:15 any evening, and over 45, and the majority of junior execu- we see the Organization Men rushing home tives are between 35 and 45. The junior to Suburbia, each laden with a brief case board is a small group of young men, p- filled, we are told, with reading matter. The tential executives, under 35 who are ap- train pulls out of the station and car after pointed by the president to serve a three-year car, seat after seat is filled with men reading. term. Reading what? Their daily papers, of course; The accompanying charts show the results those reports that must be digested before of my survey. Despite the obvious fact that 9 a.m. tomorrow; the memos labeled "Con- no great conclusions can be drawn from this fidential" that came in just at 5 p.m.-read- small sampling, it did show that the pattern ing, reading, reading. Bacon has said, "Read- of heavy reading disclosed by other more ing maketh the full man . . ."-and it occurs extensive surveys was followed in my own to a mere librarian that this may be the company. I learned that the executives in the reason so many executives today are over- home office of the Kemper Insurance Group weight! were reading at approximately the same rate This, then, has become the image of the as executives countrywide and that their read- weary executive who is required to do an ing load was constant and heavy. appalling amount of reading, whether he What was the significance of this to me wants to or not. How valid is this image as a librarian ? What, if anything, could I do today? I decided to take a personal look at to lighten this burden on the executives of the flood that all but drowns the boss. my company? And when I refer to reading Two excellent surveys on the subject of as a "burden," I hasten to point out that I executives' reading habits were made in 1957 mean only the waste of time caused by and were reported in detail in two business repetitious reading, for there is much dupli- journals.* I, however, was specifically inter- cation of content in trade magazines today. ested in the executives I serve every day, I'm thinking particularly of the insurance and to learn about their reading habits I sent press, which grinds out dozens of magazines a questionnaire to 119 men: 74 senior ex- each week. I scan them all and find a great ecutives, 44 junior executives and 11 mem- deal of the same material in magazine after bers of what is called our junior board. By magazine. statistical standards, this was a small sam- I'm not suggesting, of course, that half pling, but the returns were excellent-97 our subscriptions be canceled, but I am cer- replied, or 82%. tain that top men should not be wasting their Revision of a talk given at the March 1960 meet- * The Management Review, January 1957, 60-70; ing of SLA's Illinois Chapter. Haward Btl~ine.r~Review, Sept.-Oct. 1957, 93-112. FEBRUARY 1961 time reading all these periodicals. It may inter-office memos. A surprising amount of add to my annual report figures to say that information can be obtained simply by the library subscribes to two or three hun- friendly contacts with various departments dred periodicals, which are routed to some throughout the company. Thus, when one 1,500 men, but I am doing a disservice if I learns that a certain vice-president is assigned indiscriminately flood the executives with a problem in long-range planning, he can reading material. This is the burden no li- route specific articles on this subject to him brarian should be guilty of fostering. To or send him a memo calling his attention to lighten this load may require a shakedown a book on the subject that he may wish to of the entire reading flow. It may require read. courage and decisiveness on the librarian's Other more formal methods of helping part, but it may pay off richly in executives' cut down the reading load include circulating gratitude. tables of contents of magazines rather than Perhaps one of the most effective ways the entire issue, publishing weekly or monthly librarians can constructively attack the read- abstracts of articles and circulating acquisi- ing problem is through a greater personal tion lists. All of these methods are helpful- knowledge of the top men's interests. There not all will work for everyone, but each has is no single recipe for gaining this knowl- its own merit. edge. Frequently it simply involves acquir- And so I come back to my image of the ing a "nose for news." All too few librarians harried business executive, and I now sug- are permitted behind the scenes of execu- gest that the librarian put himself in the tives' meetings, but they can be alerted to picture and ask, "Am I a part of the problem special interests through reading minutes and or a part of the solution!"

Percentage of Executives Reading Business Periodicals SENIOREXECUTIVE JUNIOR EXECUTIVE

Business Week 75 % 439 Fortune 56 3 7 Harvard Business Review 3 2 2 0 Dun's Review 3 0 2 0 Newsweek 60 5 3 Time 6 1 5 3 U. S. News 70 60 Barron's 2 8 3 New York Journal of Commerce 5 8 33 Wall Street Journal 7 2 63 Kiplinger Washington Letter 49 3 0 Whaley-Eaton American Letter 46 10 Personal From Pearson 16 7

Number of Publications Read by Executives (excluding business periodicals) SENIOREXECUTIVE JUNIOREXECUTIVE JUNIORBOARD --Range Average --Range Average --Rajzge Average Trade Publications 1-10 4.5 1-10 2.7 2-15 5.9 Nonbusiness Periodicals 1-10 3.4 1-6 3.0 2-6 3.7 Local Newspapers 1-5 2.1 1-4 2.1 1-4 2.1 Business Books 0-12 2.7 1-10 1.9 1-14 4.4 Nonbusiness Books 0-98 15.12 0-100 12.0 2-55 24.4

86 SPECIAL LIBRARIES SAN FRANCISCO: The 1961 SLA Convention City

THEODOR B. YERKE, Librarian Pacific Southwest Forest and King Photographer Range Experiment Station The Ferry Building, symbolic land- U. S. Forest Service mark of the city and of San Berkeley, California Francisco Bay.

T IS NOT NECESSARY to research facts and vations from sea level to 376 feet (Nob I figures to provide identity for San Fran- Hill). Twin Peaks, which stand at the city's cisco. In the cant of public relations, its geographic center and provide the ultimate image is made. Everyone knows San Fran- backdrop to downtown, rise to over 900 feet. cisco as one of the fabled cities of the world, Within an area of less than one square mile terrifying to pilgrims from the flatter states the piers and warehouses of the maritime and provinces. The cosmopolitan status of district collide full on with the towering SLA's 1961 Convention city is shared by not Montgomery Street financial district and more than two peers in the United States. with historic Jackson Square, which has be- When site and climate are discussed, one come a center of interior decorators' show- must look wholly abroad for comparisons- rooms in carefully restored older buildings. Istanbul, Hong Kong, Rio de Janeiro, Cape- These sections merge directly into China- town. town, into the Italian North Beach bohemia Many special librarians need no profes- and into the fashionable department store sional introduction. Communications people and shopping concentration around Union know San Francisco's role as the second in- Square to the southwest. ternational communications center of the Out of this densely populated, multi- United States ; financial librarians know the cultural and multi-occupational strudel rise city's importance as the country's third most the downtown hills-Nob Hill, with its two vital financial center; transportation and com- great hotels, Grace Cathedral, the Pacific merce librarians see daily evidence of San Union Club and other historical and new Francisco's position as key to the expanding structures; Russian Hill, plumed with sky- western regional market. In short, San Fran- scraper apartments and hidden hanging gar- cisco is a major center of almost everything dens and offering sudden Mediterranean but provincialism and bigotry; from time to views of the Golden Gate and the entire time it tries to make a showing in these fields north bay; lastly, Telegraph Hill, jammed but is not very successful. with wooden cottages, flats and deluxe apart- San Francisco is perhaps the smallest in ments and capped with Coit Tower looking area of the world's great cities. Like Man- down into the masts of moored ships along hattan Island, neighborhoods of strikingly the Embarcadero. different ethnic or commercial structure press SLA Convention Headquarters will be at close upon each other. The central down- the Palace (since 1954 the Sheraton-Palace) town business district is metropolitan, inter- Hotel. There have been two Palace Hotels. national, crowded and spectacular, with ele- The first, opening in 1875, was the great

FEBRUARY 1961 .LP! o l'noto(/rapl~ers The Garden Court of the Sheraton-Palace Hotel, Convention Headquarters. luxury showpiece of the Far West. It hosted contains nearly all the major and interesting the notables of its epoch: Generals Grant, office and public buildings, the famous de- Sheridan and Sherman ; Presidents Harrison, partment stores and scores of first-class res- McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt and Taft; taurants and nighttime attractions. Persons writers and performers Oscar Wilde, Mark with mechanical limitations can do quite well Twain, Sarah Bernhardt, Adeline Patti, Ig- without having to cope with gradients. How- nace Paderewski, etc. (the arts are long, the ever, the California Street Cable Car is only article short) ; and the nobility of Europe four short blocks from Convention Head- and South America. Enrico Caruso was pre- quarters. This line hauls its passengers up to sumedly sleeping soundly in the Palace the the top of Nob Hill, where it crosses the night in April 1906 when San Francisco Powell-Mason and Powell-Hyde cables. came tumbling down. The 20th century Pal- Here one can transfer for slow motion roller- ace, which opened in 1909, has seen a simi- coaster rides through gripping and historic lar procession of the world's famed and scenery out to Fisherman's Wharf or Aquatic talented. And one may still breakfast in the Park, with its views of the Golden Gate. As same Garden Court where Woodrow Wilson all these features have been the subject of a gave his famed League of Nations speech considerable literature, there is no point in and Marshal Foche, a bit later, deplored further divagations here. Prohibition. The opening reception Sunday evening, The Sheraton-Palace, at New Montgomery May 28, will be held at the World Trade and Market Streets, is at the center of the Club in the World Trade Center, located in central business area. It is on flat ground, the famous Ferry building. It may be said and the streets are level in this vicinity for with utmost modesty that the view from the about as far as one cares to walk comfortably. clubroom is staggering. The Bay Bridge This level area in a generally undulating city frames the hills of Berkeley and Oakland

88 SPECIAL LIBRARIES eight miles away, where thousands of hillside attending meetings, or just visiting, SLA windows flash back the setting sun. Ocean- members will be unable to avoid well-worn going vessels pass by just a few hundred feet tourist paths. The library of the California out in the channel. The libraries of the Cen- Academy of Sciences is in Golden Gate Park, ter will be open to SLA members. Current across the Music Concourse from the De- trade journals and newspapers from 85 coun- Young Museum. For decades the Academy tries are displayed for easy browsing, and has been a bulwark of the West Coast scien- 1,250 foreign and domestic directories are tific community. It operates the Steinhart kept up to date for the one hundred tenants Aquarium, a Museum of Natural History, of the Center, who represent 20 foreign na- publishes Pacific Discovery and runs the tions. This is the first international shipping Morrison Planetarium. The Morrison's star library west of the Mississippi. projector was built in San Francisco-the During Convention week the majority of first star projector ever made elsewhere than downtown special libraries will be glad to at the Zeiss works in Germany. In coopera- receive visitors; formal open houses are tion with the Wine Institute, the Metals Di- planned for some, and division and section vision will hold a wine tasting at the Acad- meetings will take place in others. Libraries emy Tuesday evening, May 30 (proceeds go in the immediate downtown area (walking to the SLA Scholarship Fund). distance from the Sheraton-Palace) include: Military librarians will be unable to avoid The Asia Foundation Library, a focal point the startling vistas and silvicultural beauty of of orientation for visiting librarians from the Presidio if they hope to see the U.S. Sixth Asia; the Bechtel [steel) Corporation li- Army Library and Library Depot and its brary on Montgomery St.; the banking li- branches at Fort Baker and Fort Winfield braries of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Scott. Biological Sciences and Hospital Di- Francisco, the Bank of America, Crocker- visions will ascend Parnassus Ridge on the Anglo National Bank and the Wells-Fargo- lower slopes of 918-foot Mt. Sutro, for American Trust Co. (the Wells Fargo His- Parnassus Ridge is dominated by the huge tory Room Library is a small museum of complex of the University of California Western Americana) ; the State Division of Mines library in the Ferry building; the U.S. Bureau of Mines Petroleum Research Lab- oratory library in the huge Federal building ; the Pacific Gas and Electric Co. library in the PG&E tower; the Standard Oil Co. of California library; and the Bay Area Air Pollution District library, which is an all Microcard-Uniterm operation. San Francisco has one of the few remaining pre-public li- brary movement workingmen's institute li- braries, the Mechanics' Institute, which de- serves special mention. Founded in 1855 to help elevate the workingman from the temptations of the city's booming Barbary Coast, the Mechanics Institute continues to provide superior service in an age of public- financed library expansion. Distinctly Cali- fornian and unique is the Wine Institute Li- brary, which serves vintners and the wine trade. Beyond the extremely compact central dis- The huge Kaiser Center in downtown Oak- tricts are the many separate and markedly land where the Metals Division is scheduling different neighborhoods of San Francisco. In meetings. FEBRUARY 1961 89 educational, scientific and medical libraries and institutions. Some 40 freeway miles south down the peninsula is the large com- plex built up around Stanford University in Palo Alto. Aside from the Stanford libraries per se are the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, the Food Research In- stitute library, the Stanford Research Insti- tute library and the Ford Foundation's Cen- ter for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences library. In nearby San Josi. is the IBM Research and Advanced Development Library; atop Mt. Hamilton is the Univer- sity of California's Lick Observatory and li- brary; in Palo Alto, again, is the library of Lockheed Aircraft Missiles and Space Di- The University of California's Medical Center. vision; and at Mountain View, the Elec- tronic Defense Laboratory library of Sylvania Medical Center, topped by its 16-story main Electric Products, Inc. unit. From any of the windows of these In ball Francisco, from any eastward- floors, facing north, is the perpetually dis- looking dcwntown elevation, the Campanile tracting vista of all northern San Francisco, tower of tht University of California over in the Golden Gate and Mt. Tamalpais (eleva- Berkeley may be seen by day or night. The tion 2,604 feet) looming up Italianate in eminence of the Berkeley campus libraries of neighboring Marin county. the world's largest university should need Two special libraries in the city are in no elaboration to SLA members. But the East former mansions, which preserve the busy Bay, comprising Berkeley, Oakland and a splendor of the Far West's Victorian style. host of smaller cities, is less well-known The Pacific Union Club library is in the for- than the area's population, industrial contri- mer home of James Flood, the silver king. In bution, educational resources and maritime opulent Pacific Heights district is the Cali- significance entitles it to be. Its population is fornia Historical Society, in the old Whittier twice or more than that of San Francisco, and home-William Whittier was the co-founder but for the Queen City of the West across the of the W. P. Fuller Paint and Glass Co. The water, the East Bay would be seen as a major golden oak panelling and general appoint- metropolitan complex in its own right. ments are themselves museum-pieces. Sutro Library, actually a branch of the State Library, has recently been removed to the University of San Francisco. The Sutro Library, with its manuscripts, historical pamphlets and volumes, is essentially that part of Adolph Sutro's coIIection that sur- vived the 1906 fire. Out in the southwest cor- ner of the city, among elegant new housing developments and bordered to its west by Lake Merced and the dunes of Fort Funston, is San Francisco State College-a very re- cently built campus whose splendid library building is (for the present at least) provid- ing ample room for an expanding collection. But San Francisco is only the central show- The California Academy of Sciences, site of piece of a bay region abounding in industrial, the Convention's wine tasting. SPECIAL LIBRARIES George Brooke View from the World Trade Center Club, scene of the Convention's opening reception.

Tours are planned during the Convention members are compiling a file of "secret" and to both the Stanford and the East Bay li- inexpensive restaurants. braries, and division meetings are scheduled One last thing-in an effort to seem in the Institute of Transportation and Traffic "adaptable" and friendly, don't call it Management at Richmond (just north of 'Ftisco! This is like pretending to have been Berkeley) and in the newly opened Kaiser on intimate terms with David Lloyd George Center in downtown Oakland. by referring to him as "Lloyd." Some last words of advice and caution: BIBLIOGRAPHY San Francisco in late May and early June is The literature on San Francisco, historical and cool and pleasant with sometimes nippy eve- contemporary, is voluminous. The following are nings. Women favor lightweight wool suits recent and pleasant additions: and dresses and, because of ocean breezes, GILLIAM,Hal, and PALMER,Phil. The Face of San Franrisro. Garden City, N. Y.: Doubleday, 1960. small hats. A woman may feel too informal 256 p. unless wearing hat and gloves. It may be Splendid photos and informative text. Recom- wise to include a dark silk basic dress, a mended. two-piece costume, or a well-tailored dark . San Frirnrisco Bay. Garden City, N. Y.: Doubleday, 1957. cotton for an unusually warm day, or for Hills of San Francisro. With a foreword by Herb tours down to Stanford. For both men and Caen. San Francisco: Chronicle Publishing Co., women a lightweight wrap is needed. Men 1959. 89 p. should have light to medium weight wool About the city's 42 hills, with historical obser- suits. One does not wear baroque tropical vations and many photos, historical and contem- porary. shirts with Freudian symbols in garish Buildings of the Buy Area: A Guide to the Arcbi- colors, as is common in some southern parts recture of the San Francisro Bay Region. New of California. Neither does one wear perfo- York: Grove Press, 1960. rated shoes, straw hats and other necessities of A detailed guide to the notable structures, both modem and historical, that abound in the entire more florid regions. As to expense, it is quite area. Arranged neighborhood by neighborhood true that San Francisco is expensive, gen- and city by city. erally. But it is also possible to eat sump- DILLON,Richard. "Loaves and Fishes." Library tuously, travel about cheaply and lodge mod- Jouvnal, June 15, 1958, p. 1841-6. A librarian's account of the city's restaurant estly. The Local Information Committee will offerings, written for the ALA convention of have information of this sort, and local SLA 1958 in San Francisco. FEBRUARY 1961 NATIONAL LlBRARY WEEK: Special Libraries Case Histories

A Snow Job: The Story of a Radio Broadcast SNOWSTORM IS A necessary ingredient for a successful radio broadcast! Statisticians A may question the validity of conclusions drawn from only one experience, but a snow- storm did provide an unexpectedly large audience for the New Jersey Chapter's broadcast for National Library Week in 1958. A vigorous recruitment and public relations program had been undertaken by the New Jersey Chapter during the year, 1957-1958. When National Library Week was announced for March 16-22, 1958, we prepared a radio script to tell the story of special libraries in conjunction with NLW, and also emphasized our consultation and recruit- ment programs. Our script was in the form of suggested questions and answers for a "15-minute" interview program (the elapsed time was 12 minutes). Included in the script were descriptions of the variety of special library activities in the state, their contributions to the growth of the state and the nation and reference to John Cotton Dana's contributions to special libraries while he was at the Newark Public Library. A variable portion of the script was designed to highlight specific libraries or librarians in the area covered by each radio station. The NLW slogan, "Wake Up and Read," was also included to show the need for highly specialized reference materials in our parent organizations. A copy of our suggested script was sent to the program directors of the selected stations about six weeks before NLW. Publicity brochures from both SLA and NLW were also enclosed. Because recruitment was one of our aims, we suggested a late afternoon spot. Then we waited for replies (Plural). We received a reply (Singular) from Station WMTR (Morristown, New Jersey). Our suggested program had been accepted and was scheduled for 9:30 a.m. on the Friday before NLW. We were so overjoyed that we agreed enthusiastically even though we considered such a morning hour to be the least hopeful time for our purposes. March 14, 1958, dawned bright and snowy-unpredicted snow, that is. Northern New Jersey was covered with a wondrous, thick, white snow, and the New Jersey highways were covered with autos, trucks, busses-most of them immobile.

92 SPECIAL LIBRARIES The trip to Morristown resembled Little Eva's escape over the ice, except that the bloodhounds snuggled cozily in their kennels. A 20-minute trip required an hour-and-a- half! At 9:31 a snow-covered car triple-parked in front of the radio station. At 9:32 the snow-covered SLA'er stumbled into the studio to be welcomed gleefully by the reception- ist along with frantic gestures to the control room to cut the music that was being sub- stituted. At 9:32 :3 the broadcast started with overcoat still in place! And somehow a more-or-less coherent interview proceeded by use of frantic gestures to omit certain parts of the script or to emphasize others. That afternoon, back at the farm, phone messages began to arrive from "fans." Uni- formly the messages started: "I heard your broadcast while I was stuck in the snow this morning. . . ." Some of the questions were for specific informational needs of persons in companies too small to support a special library. In these cases we were able to intro- duce the caller to the services of his community's public library. In other instances the inquirers were referred to the Chapter's Consultation Committee. The snowstorm had unexpectedly enlarged our radio audience. We are unable to point definitely to the establishment of a special library or to the recruitment of a student as a result of the broadcast, but the New Jersey Chapter did have a NLW broadcast that was widely heard, and we believe that acorns can sprout even during a snowstorm. FRANKE. MCKENNA,Supervisor, Information Center Central Research Laboratories, Air Reduction Company, Inc., Murray Hill, N. J.

Cafeteria Exhibit and Kiwanis Talk ROM TH.E TIME I BECAME li- Fbrarian in June 1959 until Na- tional Library Week in April 1960, publicity of the engineering library located at the main plant of the Westinghouse Electronic Tube Di- vision, Elmira, New York, had not been so extensive as I had in- tended it to be. I chose National Library Week as a means of recti- fying the situation. Because of its use by most of the 1,200 employees at the plant, the cafeteria was selected for the location of a small exhibit of re-

cent books and I~eriodicals. and "take one" copies of the Library Mr. King and his cafeteria display. Bulletin, a monthly publication, and a list of periodicals received in the library. The exhibit was well received by all, and the library saw both curiosity seekers and new customers during the ensuing days. Journeying on Wednesday of National Library Week to Bath, where the receiving tube plant of the Electronic Tube Division is located, I gave a talk before the local Kiwanis Club. The subject was "Industrial Libraries," and covered for the most part types of industrial libraries and their problems, making comparisons with more familiar libraries, such as public and school. The live-wire Kiwanians seemed attentive, and the only regret that I had was that time did not permit a question and answer period. However, I was able to display a few new books from the library and was able to distribute copies of the most recent Library Bulletin. The program chairman, who is the librarian of the Bath Veterans Administration Cen-

FEBRUARY 1961 93 ter, had also invited librarians from a public library, elementary school and high school in the area to be present, so the Kiwanians were made aware of the fact that there are librar- ians serving different clientele. Plant officiaIs willingly cooperated in making a success of both the exhibit and the talk. Learning of the excellent reception of these, they realized the stimulus not only affected the library but the entire corporation. Plans for an exhibit during National Library Week 1961 are now underway. SHELDONS. KING,Engineering Librarian Electronic Tube Division, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Elmira, New York

Company Publications Featured in NLW Exhibit o CASH IN ON THE NATIONAL and local publicity for special libraries during Na- T tional Library Week is the obvious, but not always easy, aim of any SLA Chapter. Since special libraries often cannot encourage public patronage, much National Library Week publicity appears to have little relevance for Special Libraries Association Chapters. However, there is the possibility of introducing another facet of the library service within a community into general exhibits and meetings and at the same time furthering public awareness of special libraries. For instance in Houston, Texas, when in April 1960, the local committee for Na- tional Library Week planned a general library week program in the University of Houston Library Auditorium, Sara Aull, President of the Texas Chapter and reference librarian at the University of Houston, seized the opportunity to arrange a special libraries exhibit in the main lobby of the library adjacent to the auditorium. Securing the use of two standard wall cases, she collected pictures and company publications from Texas Chapter members in Houston and borrowed a blue and gold SLA banner from Association Head- quarters. Louise Christy, a student assistant majoring in art, designed the exhibits. In one case she displayed SLA publications backed by the large colorful banner. The other fea- tured pictures and stories about special libraries in Houston, as printed in their company publications. Off-white cards giving the names of the libraries were connected with per- tinent items by blue ribbons. Thumb tacks held these in place on the natural-color cork background. Mitten display letters were used for the heading, "Special Libraries Assn. Texas Chapter." The glass front cases, 4% feet high, G feet wide and 22% inches deep, had interior lighting on the ceiling and on each side. Besides catching the eyes of persons who attended the meeting, the exhibit was viewed by students and faculty. It remained in the lobby of the University library for several weeks. Pictures were taken by the Audio-visual Center of the University and by Mrs. Dorothy Shatto, editor of The Recorder, the company publication issued by Schlumberger Well Surveying Corporation. MARIANORGAIN, Librarian The Houston Ch~otzicle,Houston, Texas

Wall case displays in the University of Houston Library arranged by the Texas Chapter. 94 SPECIAL LIBRARIES CURRENT Of The Library World

OR SOME YEARS the increasing lag in sub- stracts, but the arrangement is ideal for Fject indexing important abstract journals rapid search in the library. The keyword in- has been a very serious matter to people who dex is arranged in two columns to the page. are searching the literature either for a The alphabetically listed keywords are always specific piece of information or for compiling in the center of the column. This gives the bibliographies. Now there are some bright effect of a solid stripe down which to run the lights ahead. eye. There is also a biochemical keyword in- Chemical Abstracts Service is about to dex, a bibliography and list of periodicals. publish Chemical Titles, twice a month. The American Society for Metals is currently contents of some 550 journals of pure and operating ASM/MDS-American Society for applied Chemistry will be scanned for the Metals/Metals Documentation Service. This issues made in 1960. These include the fore- is a fast, thorough and up-to-the-minute most journals in their field, from all over searching service, using the advanced GE-250 the world. Information Searching Selector built by Gen- The method of production is explained eral Electric Company. The basic working by Dr. G. Malcom Dyson in "Closing units are the 12,000 Metal literature abstracts the Gap in Chemical Documentation" published yearly in ASM Review of Metal (Chemical G. Engineering News, May 9, Literatwe. After being indexed and encoded 1960) : "The magazine is produced like this: on magnetic tape, these abstracts become part names and titles are punched directly onto of the most comprehensive library in the cards. Information on these cards is trans- world of metals. The other two "foundation ferred to tape and the tape is run through stones" of the service are a highly refined an IBM 704 computer with 8,000 word and very effective method of subject analysis memory. The machine reads each title, com- developed by James W. Perry and Allen paring each word with the memory. In a Kent of the Center for Documentation and title such as 'Corrosion of Magnesium by Sea Water,' the entry is examined six times, Communication Research at Western Reserve once for each word present. The memory has University; and finally the new GE-250, built been programmed to reject words like 'of' by General Electric Company, according to and 'by' and chosen entries are arranged designs also developed at the Western Re- with each keyword in the center . . . serve University Documentation Center. "All entries between the two arrows are al- ASM stipulated that the system devised for phabetized and then typed by the machine. indexing and searching metallurgical litera- The print-out constitutes the material which ture be capable of extension into wider fields. is photolithographed and distributed." Recognizing that metallurgists have prob- Not only will Chenzical Titles reach Ii- lems in related fields it is intended to expand braries considerably in advance of the ab- the coverage into such areas as solid-state J. Corrosion of Magnesium by Sea Water Corrosion of Magnesium by Sea Water Corrosion of Magnesium by Sea+ Water FEBRUARY 1961 physics. The following services are now Principal Investigator : Don R. Swanson, available from ASM/MDS : Technical Staff, Ramo-Wooldridge- Intel- Cuuent awareness searches provide prompt, lectronics Laboratories current information on a problem, in the Cooperating Group: Council on Library Re- sources, Inc. (Contract) form of abstracts to be sent to the subscriber every two weeks. The price is $300 per year, Targets for Research in Library Work somewhat higher for unusual requirements. Purpose: To assemble, in a series of reports Generic searches provide the same service on from published and unpublished sources, questions of wide interest, priced at $200 the data defining in management terms the a year. principal problems of library work Book to be published in 1960 by Rutgers Retrospective seavches, bibliographies of pre- University Press vious literature on any subject prepared on Principal Investigator: Ralph R. Shaw, Dean demand. The price of this varies. of Graduate School of Library Service Encoded tapes of the year's literature are Cooperating Group: Council on Library Re- available to those who want their own ma- sources, Inc. ($100,000 grant) chine, by special arrangement. This enables Book-Marking Eguipment the processing of individual or confidential Purpose: To develop compact, economical, information. efficient equipment for marking call num- In Japan, The National Diet Library of bers on books, thus eliminating hand- Japan, with the help of a grant from the Na- lettering tional Science Foundation, is planning to Principal Investigator: Battelle Memorial In- publish an English edition of its monthly stitute (Reported by Frazer G. Pool, Di- index to Periodical Articles, Natural Sciences rector, Library Technology Project) Section (Zasshi Kiji Sakiun, Shiyen Kagaku- Cooperating Group: American Library As- hen). It is anticipated that the English ver- sociation sion of the index will become a basic refer- From these and myriad items like them, ence aid, providing United States scientists there emerges a picture of current library with improved access to Japanese natural research that extends from the development sciences literature. of machines to search the literature, to In scanning Library Research in Progress, scholarly appraisal of methods, to the in- I see many more items such as: vention of devices to perform small, time- Machine Searching of Diabetes Literature consuming duties. We find science and the Principal Investigators: Allen Kent and Jes- library interlocked. Librarians serve science, sica Melton, Western Reserve University and do scientific research into ways and Cooperating Group : American Diabetes As- means to perform greater tasks better. One sociation ($10,000 grant) of my own laboratory heads, when he is Machine Searching Electrical Engineering vexed because I seem to be cutting off some Literature special setvice, goes to his superiors, and Principal Investigators: Jessica Melton and mine, and declaims, "Nine-tenths of research Allen Kent, Western Reserve University is in the library. If you cut down on library service, you cripple the laboratories." And Cooperating Groups : University of Arizona and U. S. Army Signal Corps, Fort so we find, as an integral part of the enor- mous Huachuca ($7,500-$15,000 grant) growth of research and development, with the resulting records and literature, Word Correlation and Automatic Indexing that science also serves libraries. Purpose: To investigate techniques for auto- mating indexing of technical articles by (Extracted from a talk before the New Jersey Chapter, November 9, 1960, by Mrs. Marjorie 0. machine processing of the full natural Baker, Librarian, Engelhard Industries, Inc., New- language text of documents ark, New Jersey.) SPECIAL LIBRARIES Three-Part Chargeout System These chargeout sets are provided in con- In 1956 the Research and Engineering De- veniently small dispensers on the library partment of Preformed Line Products Com- table, shelves, library staff's desks and li- pany completed plans for its library. The brarian's desk (Figure 2). They can be filled library was intended primarily to disseminate in either by the borrower or a staff member. information to the engineering staff and secondarily to serve other departments of the company. Because of the diversity of items needed in research and development and the length of time an engineer or technician might need to keep items for reference study during the progress of projects, it was felt advisable for the library to maintain control of where the material could be quickly and easily located, whether "in" or "out." This concept meant that the librarian and library staff members would be required to know the whereabouts of each item in the event that it should be required by someone other than the original borrower. With the exception of current periodicals, no time restriction is placed on borrowing any items from the research library. Nevertheless, a three-way control is kept of all borrowed items-location, borrower and retention time. To aid in establishing the location of the borrowed items, a three-part, tri-colored 3 x Figure 2: Chargeout-form dispenser and in- 5 inch, carbonless chargeout form is used dicator cards on book shelves. (Figure 1). It is similar in design to a snap- out form, except that National Cash Register The form is filled in at the time an item chemical backing is used instead of carbon is borrowed. The top white original is re- tissue. The top original is white, the second moved immediately and inserted into a copy is light green, and the bottom is pink. pocket glued inside the book. Often this is The top edges of the three are lightly tip- done by the borrower himself, who initials dipped in glue which fuses the copies into or writes his name in the borrower's column. sets. The two bottom copies are left intact on the librarian's or assistant's desk to be processed. Since the second green copy is used for rec- ord keeping, it is kept at the assistant's desk until all the day's copies are processed- usually the next morning. The bottom pink copy of the chargeout set, however, is im- mediately inserted by a library staff member into a placed. on the upper right cor- ner of a black indicator card. This 8% x 9% inch black indicator card is thin, stiff andsmooth-faced and replaces the book on the shelf or the material taken Figure 1: Three-part chargeout form. from the vertical file. The indicator card's FEBRUARY 1961 unique design (size and position of pocket) post the borrower's record in a visible file. make it adaptable for replacing any items This record shows the librarian not only the borrowed from the library, e.g., books, pe- items borrowed and due to be returned but riodicals, folded maps or vertical file material. also the individual's ~roiect interests for I ' When a browser or library staff member reference or bibliographic purposes. sees the black card, he can readily see the Although no time limit has been estab- name or initials of the person who borrowed lished foFretention of borrowed items. it is the item on the pink slip in the card pocket. felt necessary to have quarterly follow-ups in The librarian or the would-be user can then order to maintain close control. The green go directly to the first borrower should some- copies are therefore filed chronologically, thing merely need to be checked or verified. after posting the borrower's record. If the item is to be borrowed, however, the This quarterly review is used mainly to de- librarian or prospective reader can discuss termine whether charged-out material is still borrowing it from the first person, who is needed by the borrowir. In the event he does usually cooperative in relinquishing it-at need to retain it, the original or previous least temporarily-in the interest of the chargeout" set is cancelled and another filled other's requirements. Should the first bor- in, thereby renewing and updating the bor- rower lend the item to the second person, it rower's record file. Many times the borrower remains charged to the first name because has forgotten about or misplaced the item, the indicator card still holds the pink copy and he is glad to review the material charged L, u of the original chargeout. Therefore, the re- to him and release what he may have over- sponsibility for the borrowed item remains looked. with the first person, as far as the library is After the borrowed item is returned, the concerned. But if the second person needs white copy is removed from the pocket of the material for a substantial length of time the material when it is replaced on the shelf and the first borrower can release it, it is re- or in the vertical file. The pink copy from turned to the library so that the original the indicator card and the white copy are chargeout can be cleared and a new one then stapled together. The person hakdling made. In a few instances, of course, some the returns notes the date of return on the titIes are in such demand that the Iibrary top of the two stapled copies and staples purchases extra copies. Even so, a black in- them to the green chronological copy at the dicator card is at the vacated spot for each time of posting the return to the borrower's COPY. record. The green copy of the chargeout form Yellow student pocket folders are used serves a double purpose. It is first used to for charging out vertical file material, such

Figure 3: Indicator cards in vertical file drawer, borrower's record in visible file and vertical file material in pocket folder. 98 SPECIAL LIBRARIES as loose technical papers and pamphlets not Engineering library. It has worked as well suitable for pocket attachment. In this case, for those of the 350 employees throughout the little manila pockets are glued to the the company who have availed themselves of outside front of the folders, near the upper the library's services as it has for the 60 right-hand corner. The yellow color was R&E personnel who use it on a daily basis. selected specifically for R&E library material Borrower's records are made and kept in a for ease in locating items on a borrower's visible file for all material borrowed, whether desk or among his papers. The use of these company interdepartmental or interlibrary. folders has diminished the crinkling, tearing This library chargeout system not only fur- or soiling of loose documents, some of which nishes a quick method for locating items, but are rare or irreplaceable. also provides a permanent record of each This chargeout system, utilizing the indi- borrower's chargeouts, should he be trans- cator card as a shelf replacement, has, for the ferred or leave the company's employ. more than two years it has been in effect, ZELLAR. DALLAS,Librarian proved to be successful in quickly locating Preformed Line Products Company items borrowed from PLP's Research and Cleveland, Ohio

MIRIAM C. VANCE: IN MEMORIAM

The Washington, D. C. Chapter of the cepted a position with the Department of Special Libraries Association lost one of Agriculture. Her entire government career its most beloved members in the sudden was associated with this Department, with passing of Miriam C. Vance on October service in several of its Bureaus. During 37, 1960. Miss Vance, a charter member the depression years she was an active as- of the Washington Chapter, generously sistant in the Governor's Office of the contributed both time and talent to its Federal Farm Board and became librarian work throughout the years. Her most out- of the Farm Credit Administration at the standing contribution was the service she beginning of the New Deal in 1933. This rendered as Placement Officer of the position she held until her retirement Chapter, a post she held until the time of from government service in 1942 when her death. For many years, she ranked first she resigned to become librarian for the in the Association picture in the number National Fertilizer Association, a position of placements made. During her lifetime she held for ten years. Even after her sec- she was directly responsible for placing ond retirement, Miss Vance was active in more than 650 librarians. professional and social circles. The friends who knew Miriam well Miriam Vance will be missed by her could readily understand her success. Her many friends but her influence will be re- spontaneous friendliness, her fairness to flected in the many lives she touched. To all and sympathetic understanding cou- know her was to love her, and she pos- pled with keen insight gained the confi- sessed a loyalty to her friends and family dence of both employer and employee. She that was unsurpassed. seemed able to put two and two together A special committee has been appointed and find the right person for the right job. by the President of the Washington Chap- Miss Vance, a native of Carlisle, Penn- ter, Alice Ball, to determine an appropri- syivania, came to Washington, D. C. at ate memorial as a tribute to her memory. the turn of the century and in 1904 ac-

FEBRUARY 1961 Association News

John Cotton Dana Lectures publication of the American Library Annual The first John Cotton Dana Lecture in by the R. R. Bowker Company and the Special Librarianship will be delivered by formulation of bibliographic-and indexing Katharine L. Kinder, Chief Librarian, standards through the 2-39 Committee of Johns-Manville Research Center, Manville, the American Standards Association. New Jersey, at Rutgers University Gradu- At the Columbia University meeting the ate School of Library Service on February purposes and functions of CNLA were 23. Five more John Cotton Dana Lectures thoroughly examined from all points of are being planned for other library schools view, and it was agreed that there is a in various parts of the United States around demonstrable need for an active organiza- the time of National Library Week. These tion to stimulate inter-association action lectures are under the supervision of the and cooperation in specific fields. Other SLA Recruitment Committee, Marguerite K. sessions concentrated on ~roblemscom- Moran, Chairman. mon to all library groups and possible joint projects to solve them. These prob- Council of National Library lems included recruitment and manpower Associations Evaluated needs, education and training, schofarship Using knowledge effectively is one of aid, identity and status of librarians, new the greatest intellectual challenges of to- techniques in collecting, recording, pre- day, and believing that librarians should serving and disseminating knowledge, use assume leadership in this endeavor, a of new materials, bibliographic controls, group of 22 eminent men and women rep- publications of library literature, legisla- resenting all fields of librarianship gath- tive problems, censo-rship, international ered at Columbia University in New York relations, library history and research and City, January 11 and 12, 1961, to consider standards. The final session considered the if the American library world wants and formal organization and structure of the needs an over-all organization to coordi- Council and how it might function more nate the activities of the existing library effectively. associations and to provide guidance to Following the two-day conference, the the profession as a whole. The meeting, CNLA Program Committee met at SLA which was supported by the Council on Headquarters to evaluate the discussions Library Resources, Inc., was called by the and determine which problems required Program Committee of the Council of Na- immediate attention and study. A report tional Library Associations (CNLA) spe- and recommendations will be submitted to cifically to discuss the future role and func- the Council at its spring meeting in May. tions of CNLA and the desirability of Once the report has been accepted by the continuing or strengthening this body and Council and its 11 member associations, its programs. the recommendations can be implemented. The Council of National Library As- Invited participants attending the meet- sociations was organized in 1942 to foster ing were: Dr. Burton W. Adkinson, Head, cooperation among Iibrary associations for Office of Science Information Service, Na- the mutual benefit of the entire library tional Science Foundation; Verner W. profession. During its 19-year history it Clapp, President, Council on Library Re- has encouraged general and special library sources, Inc.; David CIift, Executive Di- education, exchanges with foreign librar- rector, American Library Association; Jack ians, the establishment of the American Dalton, Dean, School of Library Service, Book Center (predecessor of the United Columbia University; Dr. Luther H. Ev- States Book Exchange), since 1956 the ans, Project Director of the Survey of Li- 100 SPECIAL LIBRARIES braries In U. S. Federal Departments and articles, books, pamphlets and films. The Agencies for Brookings Institute; Bernard H. W. Wilson Company has made reprints, Fry, Deputy Head, Office of Science In- which are being distributed by ALA's Li- formation Service, National Science Foun- brary Administration Division. A limited dation; Chester M. Lewis, Chief Librarian, number are also available from Association New York Times; Julius J. Merke, Librar- Headquarters. ian, New York University Law Library; A third recruitment item is the four-page Dr. Jerrold Orne, Director, University of Employment Outlook for Librariaus, which North Carolina Library; Henrietta Per- has been reprinted from the 1959 Occupa- kins, Assistant Librarian, Yale Medical Li- tio?zal Outlook Handbook prepared by the brary; Rutherford D. Rogers, Chief Assistant U. S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Librarian of Congress; Dr. Richard Shryodc, Labor Statistics. It may be purchased for five Librarian, American Philosophical Society; cents from the Superintendent of Documents, Mrs. Irene M. Strieby, Library Consultant; Government Printing Office, Washington 25, and Ralph Ulveling, Director, Detroit D. C., or any of the regional offices of the Public Library. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Council officers attending were: Al- phonse F. Trezza, Chairman, Executive Chapter Visits Secretary, Library Administration Division, In addition to the fall and early winter and Associate Executive Director, Ameri- visits listed in Special Libraries, December can Library Association; James Mack, Li- 1960, p. 560, President Winifred Sewell brarian, Lehigh University; and Dr. Lewis will visit the following Chapters during the Sass, Dem, Pratt Institute Library School. spring: Members of the CNLA Program Com- Illinois February 20-2 1 mittee are: Edward N. Waters, Chairman, Wisconsin February 2 3-24 Assistant Chief, Music Division, Library Western New York April 8 of Congress; Scott Adams, Deputy Direc- Toronto April 9-10 tor, National Library of Medicine; Eliza- Cleveland April 12-13 beth Ferguson, Librarian, Institute of Life Columbus Regional Meeting April 14-15 Insurance; Bill M. Woods, Executive Sec- Pittsburgh April 16-17 retary, Special Libraries Association; and Wyllis E. Wright, Librarian, Williams Acting upon Immediate Past-President College. Adkinson's recommendation that Chapter Mary L. Allison, Publications and Pub- visits gradually be divided between the Presi- lic Relations Director, Special Libraries dent and President-Elect, President-Elect Association, acted as Reporting Secretary. Eugene B. Jackson will visit the following Chapters : Recruitment Materials Cincinnati April 5 SLA's principal recruitment pamphlet, Put- Boston April 24-25 thg Knowledge to Work: The Profession of the Special Librarian, has been revised and Conference on Science Manuscripts reprinted. Single copies are available gratis Dr. Nathan Reingold (Yale University), upon request; 26-250 copies cost 11&each; Chairman of the Executive Committee au- 25 1 or more are 64 each. thorized at the May 1960 meeting of the The November 1960 Willison Library Conference (see Special Libraries, July-Au- Bdleti?z contained a 15-page piece by Myrl gust 1960, p. 308), convened a New York Ricking entitled "A Recruitment Primer." meeting on December 29, 1960, and pre- This very practical guide outlines for the in- sented a proposed constitution to the group dividual librarian techniques and methods after some preliminary remarks on the back- of attracting young people to the library ground and development of the Conference field and includes a bibliography of useful and the obvious need for organization.

FEBRUARY 1961 Dr. Chauncey D. Leake (President of the the advice and consent of the Conference to American Association for the Advancement future actions. of Science) moved to adopt the constitution "IV. Activities. (1) To promote the creation as presented, his motion was seconded, and and preservation of records of scientific and it passed. Here are a few pertinent excerpts technical achievements by individuals and from the constitution: organizations by publicizing the need for such creation and preservation. (2) To co- "I. Purpose. To encourage the preservation operate with suitable organizations and in- of the primary source materials for the his- dividuals in furthering the aims of the Con- tory of the pure and applied sciences and ference. (3) To render impartial advice to their cultural influences. The Conference is those requesting it. (4) To coordinate the a non-profit organization, no funds which efforts of cooperating organizations and in- accrue to the benefit of any member and does dividuals." not engage in political or legislative activities. "11. Membership. The Conference shall The present Executive Committee will re- initially consist of the organizations and in- main in office for a year and will work on dividuals who attended the original meeting plans for necessary publicity, funds, projects of the Conference and who choose to accept and permanent organization. This Committee this Constitution. The Conference delegates consists of the Chairman and eight other to its Executive Committee the authority to representatives of interested organizations, admit to membership additional organiza- such as the American Historical Association, tions and individuals who will further the Association of Research Libraries, History of Conference's purpose. Science Society, Society for the History of "111. . . . B. The Geneml Meeting. (1) At Technology, Engineers Joint Council and least once a year the Executive Committee National Academy of Sciences. will call the entire Conference to a General Meeting to report on its activities and to seek GEORGES. BONN,SLA Representative SLA Sustaining Members The following organizations have expressed their interest in supporting the activities and objectives of the Special Libraries Association by becoming Sustaining Members for 1961. These are additions to the 56 Sustaining Members listed in ~pecinlLibraries, January 1961, p. 46.

BACHEAND COMPANY,New York, New York CHARLESBRUNING COMPANY, INC., Mount Prospect, Illinois CIBA PHARMACEUT~CALPRODUCTS INC., Summit, New Jersey COLUMBIA-SOUTHERNCHEMICAL CORPORATION, New Martinsville, West Virginia EASTMANKODAK COMPANY, Research Library, Rochester, New York ESSORESEARCH & ENGINEERINGCOMPANY, Technical Information Division, Linden, New Jersey FEDERALRESERVE BANK OF NEWYORK, New York, New York FORDFOUNDATION, New York, New York FORDMOTOR COMPANY, Scientific Laboratory, Dearborn, Michigan INDIANASTATE LIBRARY, Indianapolis, Indiana NEWENGLAND MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCECOMPANY, Boston, Massachusetts NEWYORK PUBLIC LIBRARY, New York, New York PACIFICLIBRARY BINDING COMPANY, LOS Angeles, California RADIO CORPORATIONOF AMERICALABORATORIES, David Sarnoff Research Center, Princeton, New Jersey STANDARDOIL COMPANY OF CALIFORNIA,Library, San Francisco, California 1. WALTERTHOMPSON COMPANY, Information Center, New York, New York UNITED STATESSTEEL CORPORATION, New York, New York UNIVERSALOIL PRODUCTSCOMPANY, Des Plaines, Illinois UNIVERSITYOF OKLAHOMALIBRARY, Norman, Oklahoma WYETHLABORATORIES, INC., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Council on Library Resources Grants advanced data processing to university li- The Ford Foundation has made a second brary procedures, to develop an over-all sys- grant, this time of $8 million, to the Council tem utilizing the latest electronic equipment on Library Resources, Inc., Washington, and to adopt business machines for library use. D. C. The first grant of $5 million was given The Council has announced additional on September 18, 1956, when the Council grants and contracts to the following: $14,000 to the International Association was established to finance and encourage" re- search into improved library methods. It is of Music Libraries in behalf of the Inter- an independent organization with a board Joint Commission for the International In- of directors headed by Gilbert W. Chapman, ventory of Musical Sources (a catalog of former president of the Yale and Towne bibliography works on music to 1800). Manufacturing Company. In working toward $3,400 for publication of the fourth vol- a solution of the problems of storing and ume of Masters' Theses in the Pure and Ap- retrieving informailon in research libraries, plied Sciences, a listing of masters' theses the Council has, during its four and one-half accepted by United States colleges and uni- years' existence, supported the development versities in chemical engineering, chemistry, ,of significant prototypes pointing toward mechanical engineering, metallurgical engi- vastly improved methods. Part of the new neering and physics. grant will be used to set up a laboratory for $5,000 to Image Instruments, Inc., New- the study of photographk and electronic ton Lower Falls, Mass., for study of the ap- techniques designed to cope with the current plication of electronic systems to improve- ,deluge of publications resulting from the ment of library utilization and economy in accelerated ;ate of research. This laboratory large metropolitan areas, to provide a basis will also attempt to develop pilot models to for planning inter-library electronic com- improve information storage and retrieval. munication systems. $5,000 to the Library of Congress, Wash- Verner W. Clam.LA, President of the Coun- cil on Library Resources, Inc., has announced ington, D. C., for preliminary work in plan- a grant of $50,000, to the ALA Library ning a study of mechanization in large re- Technology Project, for a study of fire pro- search libraries. tection and insurance of library buildings $2,000 to the Department of Political and collections. Gage-Babcock & Associates, Economy, Johns Hopkins University, Balti- Inc., Chicago, will conduct the study, which more, for assistance to Economics Library will include arrangement of existing and de- Selections as an economics books selection sign of new storage methods and buildings, service. development of a model insurance contract $3,000 to the Council of National Library and drafting of a manual to aid in minimiz- Associations for expenses of a program-plan- ing fire, explosion and windstorm hazards of ning meeting at Columbia University, Janu- libraries. ary 11-13, 1961 (see p. 100-101). The Battelle Memorial Institute, Colum- $1,000 to Fred W. Alpers, East Cleveland, bus, Ohio, has received a $49,200 CLR con- Ohio, for a report on library binding prac- tract for a 12-month investigation of meth- tices in Russia, England and Germany. ods to improve the reading of microimages, to $1,000 to the Agenda Committee, Second study the factors involved in microimage Assembly of State Libraries, for expenses of viewing and to develop a reasonably priced Second Assembly in Washington, D. C., No- viewer for use to the public. vember 1960. The Library of the University of Illinois Chicago Division has received a $50,000 The Sciences in Communist China grant from CLR to aid in automation of The Consultants Bureau is beginning a pro- university libraries. The project is to apply gram for the publication and translation of FEBRUARY 1961 103 selected Chinese scientific articles. The first report. For information write to the Vir- of these programs, under a large staff of ginia State Library in Richmond, Virginia. scientists trained in the field of translating from the Chinese, is expected to be in opera- Fellowships and Scholarships tion in about six months and will cover from The Indiana University Libraries, under a 500 to 1,000 pages of material in chemistry, grant from Lilly Endowment, Inc., announces physics, biology, the earth sciences, mathe- two $5,000 fellowships to accredited li- matics, metallurgy and related subjects during brarians, to begin July 1, 1961, for a study 1961. These English translations will make of bibliographical methods, antiquarian book scientific developments and activities in Com- trade and organization and management of , munist China available to American scien- rare book departments. Fellows must study tists. Further information may be obtained under the programs assigned by the Lilly by writing to Consultants Bureau Enterprises, Library staff, in Bloomington, Indiana, from Inc., 227 West 17th Street, New York. July 1 through June 30, Information is ob- tainable from Cecil K. Byrd, Associate Di- Members in the News rector of Indiana University Libraries, Bloom- JANETBOGARDUS, Librarian, Federal Reserve ington, Indiana. Bank of New York, has received a Ford The University of North Carolina School Foundation grant to establish a Central Bank of Library Science offers several $1,500 fel- Library in Logos, Nigeria, and will take a lowships, appointments to be made when six-month leave of absence, beginning available for July 1-June 30, or September March 15, to complete the project. 15-September 14, for work in the Louis ROGERM. MARTIN was appointed super- Round Wilson Library. Applicants must be visory librarian in the research library of the degree candidates to the School of Library Shell Development Company's Emeryville Science and the Graduate School of the Uni- Research Center. He was formerly assistant versity of North Carolina. Fellows will work manager of the research information service 20 hours a week in the Library. They may and chief of the technology department at not register for more than 9 hours in the the John Crerar Library in Chicago. Fall and Spring semesters and 3 in the sum- mer. Applications should be made not later WILLIAMHENRY SIMON has left Olin Ma- than May 15 for a July award or August 15 thieson Chemical Corporation's New Haven for a September award. Write to Miss Jean Research Library where he was Chief Li- Freeman, Admissions Officer, School of Li- brarian to accept the position of Technical brary Science, University of North Carolina, Information Supervisor with Combustion En- Chapel Hill, North Carolina. gineering, Inc. at Windsor, Connecticut. The University of Texas Graduate School of Solutions to Paper Deterioration Sought Library Science offers one $1,000 and three The Virginia State Library has just pub- $500 scholarships for 1961-62. Qualifications lished a report, Perwzanent/Durable Book are a bachelor's degree, a B average and sat- Pdpei: Smzmaiy of a Conference Held in isfactory scores on the Aptitude Test of the Washington, D. C., September IG, 1960, Graduate Record Examination. For forms, sponsored by the American Library Associa- write to the Director, Graduate School of tion and the Virginia State Library, with Library Science, University of Texas, Box support from the Council of Library Re- 8009, University Station, Austin 12, Texas, sources, Inc. The problems of paper de- before March 15. terioration, conservation of printed records and possible solution through the manufac- ALA Revises Scholarship List ture of a permanent/durable paper discov- The ALA Library Education Division is re- ered by William J. Barrow, of the Virginia vising its list of fellowships, scholarships, State Library, were the subjects under discus- grants-in-aid and loan funds open to librar- sion at the Conference and are related in the ians and prospective librarians. Organizations SPECIAL LIBRARIES or libraries maintaining scholarships and National Federation of Science Abstract- loan funds are asked to send detailed infor- ing and Indexing Services will hold its an- mation on the amount of the award, who nual meeting at the Manger Hotel in Cleve- may apply and to whom applicants may land, Ohio, on March 9. The morning and write, by March 15th, to Mrs. Elizabeth afternoon sessions have been planned aiound Wright, Boston Public Library, Copley the theme, "Meeting the Literature Crisis." Square, Boston 17, Massachusetts. The registration fee of $15 covers the cost of theluncheon and banquet, and reserva- Coming Events tions should be sent to Raymond Jensen, The ALA Pre-Conference Library Buildings NFSAIS, 301 East Capitol St., Washington and Equipment Institute will be held at Kent 3, D. C., before March 1. State University, Kent, Ohio, July 6-8, 1961. Sponsored by the Section on Buildings and Letters to the Editor Equipment of the Library Administration The International Federation for Documenta- Division of ALA, the Institute will cover tion (FID) is preparing a survey on the world- wide availability and use of information on the aspects of library planning and construction. Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) . In re- Registration and fees ($34.50-39.50), are sponse to their request, the US. National Com- due before June 21, 1961, care of the Insti- mittee is gathering data for the United States. At tute at ALA Headquarters. Address general present there exists no information center on the UDC in this country; UDC schedules are sold by inquiries to John B. Nicholson, Jr., Librar- the American Standards Association. ian, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio. Any organization or individuals who have made use of the UDC, or who maintain a reasonably The Tenth Indiana Institute in Library Adult complete set of schedules of it for reference, are Education, conducted by the Bureau of urged to communicate with Dr. Karl F. Heumann, Studies in Adult Education, Indiana Univer- Secretary, US. National Committee for the Inter- sity and Purdue University and sponsored by national Federation for Documentation (FID), in care of the National Academy of Sciences-Na- the Division of Library Science, Indiana Uni- tional Research Council, 2101 Constitution Av- versity, the Indiana Library Association, the enue, N.W., Washington 25, D. C. Indiana State Library and the Indiana Library KARLF. HEUMANN Trustees Association, will be held at Bloom- A number of inquiries received at Association ington, Indiana, June 9-14, 1961. There is a Headquarters recently point up important gaps in $10 registration fee plus $3 for materials. the library literature, and the Special Libraries For those approved for graduate credit (two Committee feels it would be most worthwhile if hours), tuition is $18. Write to Bureau of the journal could carry informative articles on such neglected subjects as library budgets, library Studies in Adult Education, Box 277, In- catastrophes, adequate fire and water protection, diana University, Bloomington, Indiana. centralized VerJus decentralized library systems The Twenty-sixth Annual Conference of within one company, the library's place in an the Graduate Library School, Seven Questions organizational structure and methods of obtaining library subscriptions to journals available only to about the Profession of Librarianship, will members of an association. Annotated bibliogra- be held at the University of Chicago, June phies on specialized subjects are also always valu- 21-23, 1961. Under discussion will be how able. Any reader who has had experience with a profession emerges, the idea of a library these or other unusual aspects of special librarian- ship and who feels he can write well, is urged to profession has developed, professional edu- contact the editor, Miss Allison, or the chairman. cation fits into the general American pattern With this issue Special Libraries is inaugurating of education, different ports of entry affect a new feature entitled "Current Concentrates of the nature of librarianship, librarianship has the Library World." It is planned to carry here accommodated specialization, librarians seek pertinent extracts from papers and speeches that cannot be published in full as well as extracts to acquire professional status and library as- from material published in library and nonlibrary sociations in America have fulfilled the func- periodicals and books. Again, suggestions and tion of the professional association. For contributions of quotable material will be most information write to Mr. Winger or Mr. welcome. MARYBONNAR, Chairman, Ennis. Graduate Library School, University Speciul Libraries Committee of Chicago, Chicago 37, Illinois. Burroughs Wellcome & Co., Tuckahoe, New York FEBRUARY 1961 Book Review To the extent that reference must still be made to original sources for verification, this volume BUILDINGS,Ralph E. Ellsu~orfh;SHELVING, LOU~J has failed in its stated purpose of obviating the Kaplan; STORAGEWAREHOUSES, Jerrold Orne need for referring to the literature. To the extent (State of the Library Art, volume 3, parts 1, 2, 3, that it points out needs for research-and herein edited by Ralph R. Shaw). New Brunswick, lies its greatest value-it should be read by li- N. J.: Graduate School of Library Science, Rut- brary student and administrator. gers-The State University, 1960. 151; 41 ; 52 p. GEORGEE. PETTENGILL,Librarian $5.50 (L. C. 60-7279). Distributed by Rutgers American Institute of Architects, University Press. Washington, D. C. After reading this volume, one is immediately puzzled by what its scope is intended to be. The Fortune Plant and Product Directory series title, The State of the Library Art, pre- sumably suggests all types of libraries; yet Mr. Fortune magazine has for some time issued a Ellsworth in his paper on buildings limits him- directory of the 500 largest American Corpora- self almost entirely to research libraries, as repre- tions by name only. Now it is offering an ex- sented by university libraries. The series preface panded version of this service in the Fortune gives no clue as to why the problems of public, Plant and Product Directory of the 500 Largest college and special libraries should be omitted. U. S. Indu~trials.Available only to Fortune sub- They do have building problems. The mystery is scribers and other selected top management offi- not lessened by the fact that Mr. Orne, in discuss- cials, the directory will be prepared in the form ing storage, does mention public, academic and of a triple index: alphabetical company listing, special libraries. geographical listing and product listing. The 500 As is apt to be true of any volume composed of companies' 10,000 plants, their locations, prod- several papers, the standard of quality varies. In ucts, output, sales. profits, employees, plant and this case, though, as the first paper comprises product classification in SIC and whatever other nearly two-thirds of the volume, it becomes the information is considered pertinent will be listed. basis on which the book must be judged, and Further information can be obtained by writing the verdict is not altogether favorable. to Fortune Platzt and Pvodurt Directovj. Foriune, Mr. Ellsworth has obviously read widely in Rockefeller Center, New York 20. New York. the field of the narrow interpretation of library buildings to which he has limited himself and has Philippine Union List presented his material in a logical manner. In his "Targets for Research," he has offered many The Institute of Public Administration, University useful topics for investigation. If wen half of of the Philippines, Manila, has announced publi- them could be accomplished within the next few cation of a revised Union List of Serialr of Gorj- years, librarians and architects could cooperate to ernment Agency Libraries of the Philippines secure much better buildings. However, his text (1960, 934 p. pap., $12), compiled by the Inter- seems to have more than its share of errors, "un- Departmental Reference Service staff. Serial hold- verbatim" quotations and inconsistent and in- ings of 79 government agency libraries are re- accurate bibliographical notes. Although the corded. Divided into three parts, it contains writer is well aware of the difficulties inherent alphabetical, subject and Philippine serials lists. It in editorial and bibliographical work, a book by is available, postage free, from the Institute, P. 0. librarians for librarians should certainly set higher Box 474, Manila. standards. The two articles by Mr. Kaplan and Mr. Orne do not suffer from the faults of the first article, Sci-Tech Offers New Periodical Directory the bibliographies being more consistent and the The Science-Technology Division of SLA has re- only error noted being obviously typographical- leased Aeronautics and Astronautics: A World "a stack %" high." Mr. Kaplan's paper treats of List of Current Periodicals, by C. D. Rife. This is three main topics-storage of books, storage as a compilation of journals, published more than affected by microcopies and storage of other non- once a year, for reference in a technical library. book materials. His comments and suggestions for This directory was originally to have been one further study are pertinent. Mr. Orne's paper re- section of a nine-section Source Book of Aero- views the developments in storage libraries and Spare Information for aeronautical librarians. ends with some provocative thoughts about the However, the other eight categories have no def- relationship between acquisition policies and stor- inite completion date; therefore it was considered age needs, and the possibilities inherent in na- worthwhile to publish simply Mr. Rife's work tional coordination of library resources. now. Copies may be obtained by payment in ad-

SPECIAL LIBRARIES vance of $3 to John P. Binnington, Treasurer, the field of nuclear engineering. There are alpha- Sci-Tech Division, Research Library, Brookhaven betical subject and author indexes and publications National Laboratory, Upton, Long Island, New lists giving the names and addresses of publishers. York. Subscriptions are 6 guineas or $18.50 and may be obtained by writing to Silver End Documentary New Serials Publications Ltd., 9-11 Tottenham Street, London, W.1. COMPUTINGREVIEWS, formerly a part of Com- munications of the ACM, begins publication as a SLA Authors separate bi-monthly in February, 1961. Published by the Association for Computing Machinery, the BOXN, GEORGES. Science -Belongs in a Library. journal will supply information on current pub- Library ]oilmal, vol. 86, no. 1, January 1, 1961, lications throughout the world in the area of com- p. 49-51. puters. The entries will contain bibliographical BOUWHUIS,ANDREW L. Standards for School Li- and descriptive material. Subscriptions, $10 yearly, brary Programs. Catholic Library World, vol. 32, may be obtained through Mrs. Irene Hollister, EX- no. 1, p. 39-42. ecutive Secretary, Association for Computing Ma- CLAPP,VERNER W. The Library, The Great Po- chinery, 14 East 69th Street, New York 21, New tential in Our Society? Wilson Library Bulletin, York. vol. 35, no. 4, December 1960, p. 303; 306-7. FORENSICSCIENCE SOCIETY JOURNAL, the official, CLUXTON,HARRIETTE M., comp. A Checklist of biennial publication of the Forensic Science So- O.E.P. Publications, 2nd ed., April 1960. Revue ciety, contains articles, news notes, reviews, ab- Optornetvie, July-August 1960, p. 26-8; 30. stracts and other matter dealing with Science as ESTES,RICE. Segregated Libraries. Library Journal, related to Law. Published since September 1960, vol. 85, no. 22, December 15, 1960, p. 4418-21. at 20 shillings an issue and two pounds a year, the ORNE, JERROLD.Storage and Deposit Libraries. Journal may be obtained from the Journal of The College and Research Libraries, vol. 21, no. 6, Forensic Science Society, c/o Rossett Holt, Pannal November 1960, p. 446-52; 461. Ash Road, Harrogate, Yorkshire, England. ROGERS,JOSEPH W. U. S. National Bibliography INTERNATIONAL PHILOSOPHICALQUARTERLY, be- and the Copyright Law. New York: R. R. Bowker, gun in January 1961, is an international review of 1960. $5. philosophy in English. It includes philosophy ar- SHARP,HAROLD S. "Just Working Here" Is Not ticles, recent literature on a particular movement, Enough. Trained Men, vol. 40, no. 4, 1960, p. 17- author or problem and book reviews and notices. 19. The review is edited by the Department of Philos- . No Man Can Serve Two Bosses. Trained ophy of Fordham University, New York and Men, vol. 40, no. 4, 1960, p. 22-3. Berchmans Philosophicum, Heverlee-Louvain, Bel- WELCH,EDGAR D. Your Technical Library. Colo- gium. The annual subscription price is $6.50 vado Society of Engineers Bulletin. ($3.00 in Asia) (Sustaining or Institutional mem- . Coordinate Indexing Procedures. Western bers, $25) ; single copies are $1.75. Orders should Business Review. be sent to International Philosophical Quarterly, Fordham University, New York 58, New York or to Berchmans Philosophicum, Waversebaan, 220 RECENT REFERENCES Heverlee-Louvain, Belgium. Librarianship

JOURNALOF EDUCATIONFOR LIBRARIANSHIP, ANNUALREPORT OF THE LIBRARIANOF CON- a quarterly journal of the Association of American GRESS:For The Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1959. Library Schools, replaces the Reports of the Meet- Washington, D. C.: Library of Congress, 1960. ings of the Association of American Library viii, 182 p. $2. (L. C. 6-6273*) Schools, the AALS Newsletter and the AALS Di- Appendixes. Index. rectory. The Journal offers articles on library edu- ASLIB YEAR BOOK 1960-61. London: Aslib, 3 cation, library school statistics, a faculty directory, Belgrave Square, 1960. 214, xvii p. pap. 12s. 6d. reviews, news items, workshop and institute sum- members; 18s. nonmembers. maries, calendar of events and Association activ- Records membership, history, function, publica- ities and reports. The subscription rate is $5 an- tions and the Articles of the Association. Read- nually; single copies are $2. Subscriptions and ing list. Organizations and suppliers of interest editorial correspondence should be sent to the to special libraries. Publications Office, University of Illinois Gradu- BOOKS,YOUNG PEOPLE, AND READINGGUIDANCE. ate School of Library Science, Urbana, Illinois. Geneva R. Hanna and Mariana K. McAllister. NUCLEARENGINEERING ABSTRACTS is a quarterly New York: Harper & Brothers, 1960. xiii, 219 p. journal, first issued in July 1960, of the Silver End $3.50. (L. C. 59-12674) Documentary Publications. It contains about 200 CLASSIFICATIONAND INDEXINGIN SCIENCE,2nd articles abstracted from some ninety journals in ed. B. C. VicRery. New York: Academic Press FEBRUARY 1961 Inc. ; London: Butterworths Scientific Publications, in Library Administration, Series 11). Kenneth R. 1959. xix, 235 p. $6. Shaffer. Hamden, Connecticut: Shoe String Press, Discusses techniques of subject analysis, index- Inc., 1960. 187 p. $4.50. (L. C. 60-9464) ing, mechanical retrieval. Appendixes. Name and Presents for study problems which arise be- Subject Index. tween directors of libraries and their trustees. GUIDELINESFOR LIBRARYPLANNERS: Proceedings of the Library Buildings and Equipment Institute. Bibliographic Tools Keith Doms and Howard Rovelstad, eds. Chicago: American Library Association, 1960. 128 p. pap. AMERICANREVIEW CUMULATIVE INDEX (1933- illus. $3.75. (L. C. 60-14701) 1937). Herbert K. Goodkind, ed. New York: au- Papers of the Buildings and Equipment Section, thor, 155 East 42nd Street. 7 p. Mimeo. $1.25. Library Administration Division, ALA, June 18- Author index. 20, McKeldin Library, University of Maryland. BIBLIOGRAPHYOF AMERICANAUTOBIOGRAPHIES. Appendix is: To Remodel or Not To Remodel-an Louis Kaplan et al., comps. Madison: University architect's and a librarian's viewpoint. of Wisconsin Press, 1961. xiii, 372 p. $6.00. MANUALPARA LA ORGANIZACI~NDE BIBLIO- (L. C. 61-5499) TECAS INFANTILESY ESCOLARES(Columbus Me- Contains 6,377 author entries of United States morial Library Bibliographic Series No. 48). bibliographers whose works were published before Emma Buenaventura. Washington, D. C.: Union 1946. Subject index. Panamericana, Secretaria General, Organizacibn de BRITISH SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICALBOOKS 10s Estados Americanos, 1960. 57 p. pap. (Avail- 1953-7: A Select List of Recommended Books able from Biblioteca Conmemorativa de Colbn, Published in Great Britain and the Common- Departamento de Asuntos Culturales, Union Pan- wealth. L. J. Anthony, ed. London: James Clarke americana.) & Co.; New York: Hafner Publishing Company, In Spanish throughout. 1960. ix, 251 p. $9.50. NATIONALLIBRARIES: THEIR PROBLEMSAND Published for Aslib. Entries on all major divi- PROSPECTS:Symposium on National Libraries in sions of science and technology, books in the field Europe, Vienna, 8-27 September 1958 (UNESCO of documentation, libraries, psychology, planning Manual for Libraries #11). Paris: UNESCO; New and architecture and government publications and York: Columbia University Press, 1960. 125 p. papers of societies and institutions. Classified bib- pap. illus. $2.00. liography, author index, subject index. Five parts: Organization and questions ; biblio- CUMULATIVEINDEX 1915 THRU 1959 TO THE graphical activities; inter-library cooperation; con- MUSICALQUARTERLY. Herbert K. Goodkind, ed. clusions; Annexes, list of Symposium Members New York: Goodkind Indexes, 155 East 42nd and resolutions adopted by the International Fed- Street, 1960. 204 p. pap. $25. (L. C. 16-24484CI) eration of Library Associations in Madrid, 13-16 Author and subject indexes. October 1958. FOLK DANCEGUIDE: Eleventh Annual Edition, ORDERPROCEDURES PRESENTED AT 1959 AALL 1961. Paul Schwartz. New York: Record Press INSTITUTEFOR LAW LIBRARIANS:A Manual and Inc., P. 0. Box 342, Cooper Station, 95 Fourth Discussion (AALL Publications Series, No. 2). Avenue, New York 3, 1961. 40 p. pap. Viola Bird et al. South Hackensack, New Jersey: Sections on folk dance in the United States, po- Fred B. Rothman & Co. for American Association etical and prose quotations, national directory of of Law Libraries, 1960. 65 p. pap. $4.50. instruction groups, calendar of events and a se- Two papers presented at the 1959 Institute: lected bibliography. Sample Order Manual for Law Libraries and Or- INDEXTO PLACEOF PUBLICATIONOF ASME PA- der Procedures for a Law Library. Appendix, list PERS, 1950-1959. California: Specialized Informa- of suggested files and bibliography. tion Services, 1960. 17 p. pap. $1.50. OF, BY, AND FOR LIBRARIANS:Further Contribu- Includes papers which have carried an identify- tions to Library Literature. John David Marshall, ing number and have been published in one of the ed. Hamden, Connecticut: Shoe String Press, Inc., serials of the American Society of Mechanical En- 1960. xv, 336 p. $7. (L. C. 60-10701) gineers. Two groups of essays and articles: Books and LIST OF SCIENTIFICAND TECHNICALSERIALS Libraries; Librarians and Their Profession. Author- CURRENTLYRECEIVED BY THE LIBRARYOF CON- title index. GRESS. Science and Techtzology Division, Library REPRODUCTIONOF CATALOGUECARDS. Philip S. of Co?zgress. Washington, D. C.: Card Division, Pargeter. London: The Library Association, Library of Congress, 1960. v, 186 p. pap. Gratis. Chaucer House, Malet Place, 1960. 48 p. pap. (L. C. 60-60055) illus. 8s. 8d.; 6s. 6d. to members. Prepared under the sponsorship of the National Describes processes and equipment for card cat- Science Foundation. Contains approximately 13,- alog reproduction. 000 titles from various working files of the Li- TWENTY-FIVECASES IN EXECUTIVE-TRUSTEERE- brary of Congress. Serials published in countries LATIONSHIPS IN PUBLICLIBRARIES (Case Studies using alphabetic languages are arranged in a SPECIAL LIBRARIES single list according to Library of Congress entry; serials originating in the Far East are grouped by POSITIONS OPEN country of origin. PUBLICHEALTH AND MEDICINEIN THE USSR: BIJS~NESSLIBRARIAN. Vacancy in the Newark An Introductory Guide to Reference Sources (Li- Business Library for library school graduate, with brary News, vol. 13, supplement No. 2). Geneva: or without experience. Starting salary within range $4,670-6,170. Liberal fringe benefits. Write: World Health Organization, 1960. 130 p. pap. Bernard Schein, Deputy Director, Newark Public (Available from World Health Organization, Li- Library, 5 Washington Street, Newark 1, New brary & Reference Services. Palais des Nations, Jersey.

Geneva, Switzerland.) - ~ -- - Lists general guides, abstracting and indexing CATALOGERAND INDEXER.Experienced cataloger periodicals, bibliographies, directories, dictionar- desired for growing electronics organization. Op- ies, encyclopedias, administrative material and portunity to help develop a special information surveys. Index. retrieval system and assist with literature searches. Other duties would include book selection and STUDIESIN BIBLIOGRAPHY:Papers of the Biblio- reference work. College degree required with graphical Society of the University of Virginia, training in cataloging. Scientific background pre- vol. 14. Fredson Bozoerr, ed. Charlottesville, Vir- ferred. Salary commensurate with qualifications. ginia: Bibliographical Society of the University of Exceptional fringe benefits including profit-sharing Virginia, 1961. 291 p. $10; $6, members. (L. C. and bonus plan. Write to Sally Dolly, Librarian, -i9-3353 Rev.*) Auerbach Electronics Corporation, 1634 Arch Street, Philadelphia 3. Pennsylvania. Notes crn contributors and Society announce- -- ments and publications, plus 25 articles. FLINT PUBLICLIBRARY-~~~ positions: Assistant Art, Music and Drama Department; Head, Busi- Directories ness and Industry Department. Beginning li- brarians enter at $5,150. Beginning salary for DIRECTORYOF PERIODICALS1960-61 EDITION. experienced librarians ranges up to $7,345 de- New York: American Trade Press Clipping Bu- pending upon experience and background. Library reau, 1960. A-57, 234 p. pap. $12. Science degree required. 4 weeks vacation. 5 day Lists 6,837 titles published in the United States, week. Credit for military experience. Annual in- Canada and foreign countries. Includes medical, crements, sick leave, social security and good re- scientific, chemical, drug, electrical, electronic, en- tirement plan. Apply: Personnel Office, Flint Pub- gineering, construction, industrial, religious, edu- lic Library, Flint, Michigan. cational and farm journals; consumer magazines and labor papers; house organs. Subject and title LIBRARIAN.We are looking for a young man with indexes a bachelor's or graduate degree in science, training and/or experience as a special librarian and ex- LIBRARYTELEX DIRECTORY: A List of Libraries perience with or interest in new documentation in the United Kingdom with Access to Telex. techniques. This individual will develop the London: Library Association Reference, Special present and future technical information systems and Information Section, 1960. 15 p. pap. Gratis. needed by the company, while assisting with li- brary selection and reference work. Salary will be commensurate with training and experience. Send replies in confidence to Mr. C. D. Gardei, Pro- CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING fessional Employment, Esso Research and Engi- neering Company, P. 0. Box 175, Linden, New Positiom open and u'anted-50 cents per line; Jersey. minimum charge $1.50. Copy must be received by tenth of month p~eredin~month of publication. LIBRARYASSISTANT needed by Ferris Institute, a State College, for circulation/reference or catalog- POSITIONS WANTED ing/order work. Library is in process of ex- pansion. Library degree necessary, 12 months' WOMAN,experienced In the fields of Soclal Sci- schedule with four weeks' vacation, state retire- ence and buslness literature seeks interesting posl- ment, sick leave, beginning salary $6,000, adjust- tmn In New York City Write Mrs Zena Jacobs, ment upward for appropriate experience. Send 2 Gr~teCoult, Brooklyn 1, New York resume to Mrs. Goldie T. Nott, Librarian, Ferris ------Institute, Big Rapids, Michigan. YOUNGMAN: M.A. (History), M.A.L.S., seeks ------~- -- college or university library position. Interested PROVIDENCE(R.I.) PUBLICLLBRARY. Department in reference, bibliography or a position with Head for Business-Industry-Science Department. varied duties. Historical or special library posi- New Building, 38-hour, 5-dav week, 9 paid holi- tion also of interest. Willing to acquire more days, 4 weeks' vacation, Social Security, pension, knowledge of foreign languages or other subjects annual increments, salary open. LS. plus suitable depending on nature of position and opportunities experience required. Apply: M. Joyce Davidson, for experience. Locations: Midwest-West, South- Personnel Supervisor. Providence Public Library, east-Southwest. Write: Box B 50. Providence 3, Rhode Island.

FEBRUARY 1961 POSITIONS OPEN (continued) The MILWAUKEEPUBLIC LIBRARY an- nounces an examination for COORDI- TECHNICALLIBRARIAN: An unusual opportunity NATOR OF SCIENCE.1961 salary scale: for a librarian with training in the physical sci- ences to work in one of the Atomic Energy Com- $9,060-$10,920 in four steps. Under mission's National Laboratories. Responsibilities supervision of Assistant City Librarian will include reference work, literature searching, has responsibility for direction of serv- selection of materials and administration of a ice, supervision and training of staff, Reading Room with broad collections in the fields development of collection, and com- of physics, electronics, and mathematics. Requires minimum of 5th year library science degree and munity contacts in areas of science, technical library training or experience. Foreign technology, and business. A minimum language ability desirable. Excellent opportunities of 8 years experience is required: 5 in for growth. Salary commensurate with training the subject field; 2 at supervisory level. and experience. The Laboratory is located about 25 miles southwest of Chicago, near many subur- Application forms may be obtained by ban communities. 40-hour week, month vacation, writing: TIAA Retirement, and other employee benefits. Write: Mr. C. E. Rickleff, Professional Placement EXAMINING DIVISION Manager, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois. City Service Commission

FOR SALE Room 701, City Hall Milwaukee 2, Wisconsin BOOKS located fast. Out-of-print. scarce. Lowest prices without obligation. Book Mark, S1W Wal- and must be completed and filed by nut, Mt. Clemens, Michigan. April 10, 1961. Examination consists FOR SALE: Jour. Amer. Chern. Soc. unbound solely of evaluation of training and 1920-1955. Asking $200, will consider any offer. experience. Grant Willev, 408 Ravine Park Drive, Lake Forest. ~llinois.

THE ATLANTIC REFINING COMPANY The Board of Education for the City of RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT TORONTO, CANADA PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA I'ennaneut openi~~gilnn~cdiately available in our Administrative Division. Salary commensurate Invites Applications from with ahility and experience. EXPERIENCED LIBRARIANS LIBRARIAN Prerequisites include a Master's degree in Library for the following positions: Science with undergraduate study preferably in physical sciences including courses in chemistry ; minimum 3 pears experience as supervisor ill Head, Documentation Section technical library work. Workable knowledge of Head, Technical Services Section Frendl, German, or Rus6ian necessary. Send resume stating salary requirement to: Head, Reference & Circulation Section Technical and Salary Section with the Education Centre Library. PLANT PERSONNEL DIVISION P. 0. Box 8138 Philadelphia 1, Pennsylvania This is a new special library now being planned and designed for the needs of a large school system, embracing curricu- lum research, administration, publications, school buildings, finance, and adult edu- SWETS & ZElTLlNGER .cation. Keirersgracht 471 & 487 Applications, which will be kept con- Amsterdam-C. Holland fidential, should be made in writing on New and Secondhand Bookdealers or before March 24, 1961, stating train- Current Subscriptions ing, experience, and other qualifications. Starting salary: $6,800 to $8,300 per Periodicals, Sets, Backfiles, and Separate annum, depending on qualifications and Volumes. experience. American Representative Applications should be addressed to: I Dr. Z. S. Phimister WALTER D. LANTZ Director of Education 555 WOODSIDE AVE., BERWYN, PA. 155 College Street Toronto PB, Canada Suburban Philadelphia. Phone: Niagara 4-4944

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HECKMAN'S COMPLETE LIBRARY BlNDlNQ SERVICE Class A Magame L~braryBmdlng for ultmate usefulness . . . Heckman Standard~zed Magame B~nd~ngwhere economy IS mandatory. L~brary Book B~ndmgIn the largest select~onof Illustrated and Decoratwe covers ava~lable. . . Durable Text Book Bmd~ng des~gned for rugged classroom use . . . plus a spec~alservlce for restorat~on NORTH MANCHESTER, and repalr of rare volumes I INDIANA Heckman glves you Economy. Dependabhty. 28 Day Servce, plus the finest Qual~tyava~lable BOUND TO PLEASE@ Wr~teor call North Manchester. Ind today for complete lnformat~on! I AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES PUBLICATIONS

THE AIBS BULLETIN THE QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY THE AIBS SYMPOSIUM SERIES Ultrasound in Biology and Medicine - Edited by: Elizabeth Kelly Liver Function -Edited by: Ralph W. Brouer Spores - Edited by: H. 0. Halvorson The Biology of Aging - Edited by: B. Strehler with J. Ebert, B. Gloss and N. Shock Animal Sounds and Communication - Edited by: W. E. Lonyon and W. N Tavolga Molecular Structure and Functional Activity of Nerve Cells - Edited by: Robert G. Grenell and L. J. Mullins Molecular Structure and Biological Specificity - Edited by: Linus Pouling and Harvey A. ltano Style Manual for Biological Journals - Prepared by: Committee on Form and Style of the Conference of Biological Editors RUSSIAN BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL TRANSLATIONS Doklady: Biological Sciences Section Doklady: Botanical Sciences Section Doklady: Biochemistry Section Plant Physiology . Fiziologiya Rasteny Microbiology .Microbiologiya Soviet Soil Science .Pochvovedeniye Entomological Review . Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie AlBS RUSSIAN MONOGRAPH TRANSLATIONS Origins of Angiospermous Plants - By: A. L. Tokhtojion Essays on the Evolutionary Morphology of Plants - By: A. L. Tokhtajian Marine Biology - Edited by: 6. N. Nikitin Arachnoidea -By: A. A. Zakhvatkin Arachnida - By: B. I. Pomerantzev Plants and X-Rays - By: L. P. Breslavets Problems in the Classification of Antagonists of Actinomycetes - By: G. F Gauze

For information and/or free copies of our 1960 catalogue listing all AIBS publications. please write to: Publications American Institute of Biological Sciences 1000 P Street. N. W. Washington 6. D. C. U. S. A.