Population Dynamics and Trophic Ecology of Dolly Varden in The
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Petition to List the Iliamna Lake Seal, a Distinct Population Segment of Eastern North Pacific Harbor Seal (Phoca Vitulina Richardii), Under the U.S
Before the Secretary of Commerce Petition to List the Iliamna Lake Seal, a Distinct Population Segment of Eastern North Pacific Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina richardii), under the U.S. Endangered Species Act Photo Credit: NOAA Fisheries/Dave Withrow Center for Biological Diversity 6 February 2020 i Notice of Petition Wilbur Ross, Secretary of Commerce U.S. Department of Commerce 1401 Constitution Ave. NW Washington, D.C. 20230 Email: [email protected], [email protected] Dr. Neil Jacobs, Acting Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere U.S. Department of Commerce 1401 Constitution Ave. NW Washington, D.C. 20230 Email: [email protected] Petitioner: Kristin Carden, Oceans Program Scientist, on behalf of the Center for Biological Diversity 1212 Broadway #800 Oakland, CA 94612 Phone: 510.844.7100 x327 Email: [email protected] On November 19, 2012, the Center for Biological Diversity (Center, Petitioner) submitted to the Secretary of Commerce and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) through the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) a petition to list the Iliamna Lake population of eastern North Pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardii) as threatened or endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA). (See generally Center 2012.) On May 17, 2013, NMFS issued a positive 90- day finding “that the petition present[ed] substantial scientific or commercial information indicating that the petition action may be warranted” and initiated a status review. (78 Fed. Reg. 29,098 (May 17, 2013).). On November 17, 2016, NMFS issued a determination that listing was not warranted because “the seals in Iliamna Lake do not constitute a species, subspecies, or distinct population segment (DPS) under the ESA.” (81 Fed. -
ORPC Rivgen Wake Characterization
ORPC RivGen Wake Characterization Maricarmen Guerra Paris* Jim Thomson University of Washington University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA Seattle, WA, USA *Corresponding author: [email protected] in turbulence due to eddies shed by turbine blades; and iii) complex interactions between natural and turbine ABSTRACT induced turbulent structures [6]. In this investigation we assess the wake formed behind Baseline and post-deployment flow conditions were mea- a horizontal cross-flow turbine installed on the Kvichak sured at the ORPC RivGen turbine site on the Kvichak river in southwest Alaska, USA, just downstream of the river in the vicinity of Igiugig village, Alaska. Mean sur- village of Igiugig. The small village is home to 70 peo- face flow and turbulence measurements were collected ple and its electricity source currently depends on an from a drifting platform equipped with a Nortek Signa- isolated power grid fed by diesel generators. The Ocean ture 1000Hz five beam AD2CP. Baseline measurements Renewable Power Company (ORPC) has set a pilot hy- indicate a maximum flow of 2.5 m/s and a 10% turbu- drokinetic energy project on the Kvichak river stream to lent intensity in the turbine vicinity. Measurements af- provide Igiugig with a renewable and locally produced ter turbine deployment and grid connection show a sig- source of energy. nificant decrease in surface velocity up to 200 m down- ORPCs RivGen turbine was successfully deployed, stream from the turbine and an increase in turbulence tested and connected to the local power grid during intensity up to 20% that extends about 75 m down- the summers of 2014 and 2015. -
Fish Surveys in Headwater Streams of the Nushagak and Kvichak River Drainages Bristol Bay, Alaska, 2008 - 2010
FISH SURVEYS IN HEADWATER STREAMS OF THE NUSHAGAK AND KVICHAK RIVER DRAINAGES BRISTOL BAY, ALASKA, 2008 - 2010 December, 2010 ©Bridget Besaw/TNC Prepared for by Dr. Carol Ann Woody & Sarah Louise O’Neal Fisheries Research and Consulting Anchorage, Alaska PREFACE The Nature Conservancy is an international not-for profit organization with a mission to preserve the biodiversity of the earth. Several years ago the Conservancy refocused programs to advancing local conservation efforts that contribute most to protecting globally significant strongholds of biodiversity. The Alaska Chapter determined that the loss of wild Pacific salmon productivity in Alaska would have a global impact because wild salmon have been severely compromised in other parts of the world. A focus on wild salmon in Alaska inevitably leads to Bristol Bay – home to the world’s largest remaining salmon runs. In the late 1990s the Conservancy began developing partnerships with local organizations to protect the long term viability of Bristol Bay’s salmon resource. A partnership with the Curyung Tribe of Dillingham, the Bristol Bay Native Association and the Nushagak- Mulchatna Watershed Council led to the development and the publication in 2007 of The Nushagak River Watershed Traditional Use Area Conservation Plan. During the time the Conservancy was working with this partnership, the discovery of a large copper and gold ore body on state lands in the watersheds of the Nushagak and Kvichak Rivers was announced. A flurry of new mining claims followed. The discovery, now known as the Pebble Prospect, is under active exploration and environmental assessment by a consortium of mining interests. The Anadromous Fish Act (AS 16.05.871) is the key State of Alaska statutory protection for freshwater habitats of fish in Alaska. -
Surface Water Quality in the Nushagak, Kvichak, and Chulitna Watersheds, Southwest Alaska 2009-2010
Investigations of Surface Water Quality in the Nushagak, Kvichak, and Chulitna Watersheds, Southwest Alaska 2009-2010 Kendra L. Zamzow, Ph.D. Center for Science in Public Participation PO Box 54 Sutton, Alaska 99674 July 2011 for The Nature Conservancy 715 L Street Suite 100 Anchorage, Alaska 99501 Investigations of Surface Water Quality in the Nushagak, Kvichak, and Chulitna Watersheds, Southwest Alaska 2009-2010 Prepared for: The Nature Conservancy 715 L Street Suite 100 Anchorage, AK 99501 Prepared by: Kendra L. Zamzow, Ph.D. Center for Science in Public Participation PO Box 54 Sutton, AK 99674 with editorial review by: Ann Maest, Ph.D. Stratus Consulting 1881 Ninth St., Ste. 201 Boulder, CO 80302 and Molly Welker Bristol Environmental Remediation Services, LLC 111 W. 16th Avenue, Third Floor Anchorage, AK 99501 July 2011 Table of Contents Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................1 1.0 Introduction .....................................................................................................................1 2.0 Study Area and Sampling Locations ...............................................................................3 3.0 Methods, Data Availability, and Relevant Standards .....................................................7 3.1 Methods .......................................................................................................................7 3.2 Available Data .............................................................................................................7 -
(Salmo Salar) from Scotland with Mandibular Deformation
Int. J. Morphol., 34(3):1097-1104, 2016. Morphological Study and Mineral Analysis of the Lower Mandible of Adult Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) from Scotland with Mandibular Deformation Estudio Morfológico y Análisis de Minerales de la Mandíbula Inferior de Salmones del Atlántico (Salmo salar) Adultos con Deformación Mandibular, Provenientes de Escocia Mariana Rojas Rauco*,**; Emilio Ramírez Maldonado** & Mariano del Sol*,*** ROJAS, R. M.; RAMÍREZ, M. E. & DEL SOL, M. Morphological study and mineral analysis of the lower mandible of adult atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from Scotland with mandibular deformation. Int. J. Morphol., 34(3):1097-1104, 2016. SUMMARY: Mandibular deformity is a condition that affects the jaw bone of adult salmon and has been observed in Norway and Chile, causing weight loss, poor quality of farmed fish and increased mortality. The causes range from high temperatures of the state of eggs, to poor nutrition phosphorus or vitamin C. This work aims to analyze this deformity by histochemical and mineral analysis technique during an episode presented in centers of the Scotia Sea. Jaw and spinal segments of 21 Atlantic salmon in Scotland were used. These samples were classified into three groups: Group 1: Severely deformed. Group 2: Mildly affected. Group 3: Normal controls. Four jaws per group were fixed in 10 % formalin and embedded in Paraplast, sections of 5 microns were performed using a Microm® microtome histochemical technique Von Kossa was used for the detection of calcium deposits, which highlights the calcium osteoid black and red color. For proximate analysis, and in order to obtain and compare levels of calcium, phosphorus, zinc and magnesium in total 9 bone jaws (6 affected with DM and 3 controls) and 9 body sections the Mann-Whitney test was used to compare these values between misshapen salmon and controls. -
Geographic Names
GEOGRAPHIC NAMES CORRECT ORTHOGRAPHY OF GEOGRAPHIC NAMES ? REVISED TO JANUARY, 1911 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1911 PREPARED FOR USE IN THE GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE BY THE UNITED STATES GEOGRAPHIC BOARD WASHINGTON, D. C, JANUARY, 1911 ) CORRECT ORTHOGRAPHY OF GEOGRAPHIC NAMES. The following list of geographic names includes all decisions on spelling rendered by the United States Geographic Board to and including December 7, 1910. Adopted forms are shown by bold-face type, rejected forms by italic, and revisions of previous decisions by an asterisk (*). Aalplaus ; see Alplaus. Acoma; township, McLeod County, Minn. Abagadasset; point, Kennebec River, Saga- (Not Aconia.) dahoc County, Me. (Not Abagadusset. AQores ; see Azores. Abatan; river, southwest part of Bohol, Acquasco; see Aquaseo. discharging into Maribojoc Bay. (Not Acquia; see Aquia. Abalan nor Abalon.) Acworth; railroad station and town, Cobb Aberjona; river, IVIiddlesex County, Mass. County, Ga. (Not Ackworth.) (Not Abbajona.) Adam; island, Chesapeake Bay, Dorchester Abino; point, in Canada, near east end of County, Md. (Not Adam's nor Adams.) Lake Erie. (Not Abineau nor Albino.) Adams; creek, Chatham County, Ga. (Not Aboite; railroad station, Allen County, Adams's.) Ind. (Not Aboit.) Adams; township. Warren County, Ind. AJjoo-shehr ; see Bushire. (Not J. Q. Adams.) Abookeer; AhouJcir; see Abukir. Adam's Creek; see Cunningham. Ahou Hamad; see Abu Hamed. Adams Fall; ledge in New Haven Harbor, Fall.) Abram ; creek in Grant and Mineral Coun- Conn. (Not Adam's ties, W. Va. (Not Abraham.) Adel; see Somali. Abram; see Shimmo. Adelina; town, Calvert County, Md. (Not Abruad ; see Riad. Adalina.) Absaroka; range of mountains in and near Aderhold; ferry over Chattahoochee River, Yellowstone National Park. -
Brown Trout (Salmo Trutta): a Technical Conservation Assessment
Brown Trout (Salmo trutta): A Technical Conservation Assessment Prepared for the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region, Species Conservation Project April 26, 2007 Laura Belica1 with life cycle model by David McDonald, Ph.D.2 11623 Steele Street, Laramie Wyoming 82070 2Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, P.O. Box 3166, Laramie, WY 82071 Belica, L. (2007, April 26). Brown Trout (Salmo trutta): a technical conservation assessment. [Online]. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region. Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/r2/projects/scp/assessments/ browntrout.pdf [date of access]. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank the many biologists and managers from Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, and Wyoming and from the national forests within Region 2 who provided information about brown trout populations in their jurisdictions. I also extend my appreciation to David B. McDonald at the University of Wyoming for the population demographic matrix analysis he provided. Thank you to Nathan P. Nibbelink for coordinating the cost- share agreement with the USDA Forest Service. I especially thank Richard Vacirca, Gary Patton, and David Winters of the USDA Forest Service for their help in bringing this report to completion. I thank Nancy McDonald and Kimberly Nguyen for their attention to detail in preparing this report for publication. Finally, I would like to thank Peter McHugh for graciously taking the time to review and comment on this assessment. AUTHOR’S BIOGRAPHY Laura A. T. Belica received a M.S. degree in Zoology and Physiology from the University of Wyoming in 2003 (as L.A. Thel). Her research interests center around the ecology of fishes, hydrology, and watershed management, especially as they relate to the management of aquatic ecosystems and native fishes. -
Chapter 21: Socioeconomics (Bristol Bay Drainages)
PEBBLE PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE DOCUMENT 2004 through 2008 (with updates in 2009) CHAPTER 21. SOCIOECONOMICS Bristol Bay Drainages PREPARED BY: MCDOWELL GROUP JIM BUELL STEPHEN R. BRAUND & ASSOCIATES SOCIOECONOMICS—BRISTOL BAY DRAINAGES TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................................................... 21-i LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................................. 21-iii LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................................. 21-xiv LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS .................................................................................................................. 21-xvi ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................ 21-xvii 21. SOCIOECONOMICS—Bristol Bay Region ..................................................................................... 21-1 21.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 21-1 21.2 Study Objectives ...................................................................................................................... 21-1 21.3 Study Area ............................................................................................................................... 21-1 21.4 Previous -
BRISTOL BAY Geography Bristol Bay Is Sockeye Salmon Country
BRISTOL BAY Geography Bristol Bay is sockeye salmon country. The region is a land of great inland lakes, ideally suited to the juvenile life of sockeye salmon that are tied to lakes for growth and survival prior to migrating to the ocean (Hilborn et al. 2003). Variation within sockeye salmon leads to stability and options for all salmon lovers – from caddisflies to rainbow trout and brown bears to people around the world. Bristol Bay offers a pristine and intact ecosystem with a notable absence of mining and offshore oil and gas exploration in the region. Jared Kibele, Rachel Carlson, and Marie Johnson. 2018. Elevation per SASAP region and Hydrologic Unit (HUC8) boundary for Alaskan watersheds. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity. doi:10.5063/F1D798QQ. SASAP | 1 Numerous networks of stream-connected lakes provide extraordinary sockeye salmon rearing habitat. The variety of lake and riverine spawning and rearing habitats in the region mean that the salmon runs in Bristol Bay are uniquely diverse, which contributes to the long-term sustainability of the salmon resource (Schindler et al. 2010). The long-proposed Pebble Mine, situated at the intersection between the Nushagak River and Kvichak River watersheds, would unquestionably and permanently change this salmon landscape. The landscape that features so prominently in Ellam yua [the Yup’ik belief system] is one of low coastal mountains that give way to rolling tundra. Early people and salmon systems The earliest record of human occupation in the Bristol Bay region dates to 10,000 years before present (Boraas and Knott 2014). Salmon use in the region by Yup’ik peoples has been occurring for at least 4,000 years, based on evidence collected from sites on the Kvichak River near salmon-bearing streams. -
Pebble Mine and the Cultural and Environmental Economics of Alaska Natives 1 by Brian Footen2 Alaska Still Has What Most of America Has Lost
1 Pebbles of Gold or Salmon of Time: Pebble Mine and the Cultural and Environmental Economics of Alaska Natives 1 By Brian Footen2 Alaska still has what most of America has lost. Rick Halford, former Alaska State Senate President3 Abstract Alaska’s Bristol Bay is home to the most productive salmon runs in the world. For over 9,000 years, the indigenous people of the region have survived because of the salmon. In 2005 the Pebble Mine Project was proposed by the Pebble Partnership (PLP). The project proposal is to extract massive deposits of copper, gold and other minerals from the mountains making up the headwaters of Bristol Bay. The proposal has polarized people within the Native communities of the region. This case explores the trade off that is often made when jobs and profit are pitted against environmental protection. Introduction The Bristol Bay region is home to the most productive salmon runs in the world. Bristol Bay is Alaska’s richest commercial fishery, and all five species of Pacific salmon (pink, chum, sockeye, coho, and chinook) spawn in the rivers and streams that feed into the Bay. For over 9000 years, the indigenous people of the region have survived because of the salmon. For decades the region has supplied salmon throughout the world. In 2007 the Pebble Mine Project was proposed by the Pebble Partnership (PLP). The Pebble Partnership was created in 2007 by Northern Dynasty and Anglo American. Northern Dynasty, a junior mining company, has never managed a mining operation to date. Anglo American is one of the largest mining companies in the world. -
Major Drainages of Bristol Bay
BRISTOL BAY SALT AND FRESH WATER 12 Major Drainages of Bristol Bay k See the Northern ar Cl Alaska Sport Fish e Regulation Summary Lak Port Alsworth es ag in ra Iliamna D Wood River er age Togiak River iv rain Ungalikthluk Drainage R r D Drainage a ive River Drainage tn R Lake Iliamna a k h a lc h u ic M v / K k a g a Riv Dillingham gnak er Drain h Ala ag s e See the Southcentral u Alaska Sport Fish N Regulation Summary Cape Newenham King Salmon Naknek Rive r Dra B inag ris e to l Ege Ba gik y Ri S ver alt D wa ra te in rs a ge Cape Menshikof U ga sh ik R i Dr ve ain r ag Alaska Peninsula & e Kodiak Island Aleutian Islands See pages 24 - 28 Miles See pages 22 - 23 0 25 50 ARCTIC CHAR AND DOLLY VARDEN LINGCOD General Regulations - Bristol Bay • Season: June 8–October 31 . • No limit . • 3 per day, 3 in possession . ROCKFISH Inclusive waters: All fresh waters draining into Bristol Bay between Cape Menshikof and Cape Newenham, and • Season: November 1–June 7 . • No limit . all salt waters east of a line from Cape Newenham to • 10 per day, 10 in possession. KING CRAB Cape Menshikof . RAINBOW TROUT • Season: June 1–January 31 . The fishing season for all species is open year-round • Season: June 8–October 31 . • Males only: unless otherwise noted below. • 2 per day, 2 in possession, only 1 of which may • 6½ inches or more: 6 per day, 6 in possession. -
Variation in Salmonid Life Histories: Patterns and Perspectives
United States Department of Agriculture Variation in Salmonid Life Forest Service Histories: Patterns and Pacific Northwest Research Station Perspectives Research Paper PNW-RP-498 Mary F. Willson February 1997 Author MARY F. WILLSON is a research ecologist, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 2770 Sherwood Lane, Juneau, AK 98801. Abstract Willson, Mary F. 1997. Variation in salmonid life histories: patterns and perspectives. Res. Pap. PNW-RP-498. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 50 p. Salmonid fishes differ in degree of anadromy, age of maturation, frequency of repro- duction, body size and fecundity, sexual dimorphism, breeding season, morphology, and, to a lesser degree, parental care. Patterns of variation and their possible signif- icance for ecology and evolution and for resource management are the focus of this review. Keywords: Salmon, char, Oncorhynchus, Salmo, Salvelinus, life history, sexual dimor- phism, age of maturation, semelparity, anadromy, phenology, phenotypic variation, parental care, speciation. Summary Salmonid fishes differ in degree of anadromy, age of maturation, frequency of reproduction, body size and fecundity, sexual dimorphism, breeding season, morphology, and to a lesser degree, parental care. The advantages of large body size in reproductive competition probably favored the evolution of ocean foraging, and the advantages of safe breeding sites probably favored freshwater spawning. Both long-distance migrations and reproductive competition may have favored the evolution of semelparity. Reproductive competition has favored the evolution of secondary sexual characters, alternative mating tactics, and probably nest-defense behavior. Salmonids provide good examples of character divergence in response to ecological release and of parallel evolution. The great phenotypic plasticity of these fishes may facilitate speciation.