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A Fisheries Inventory of Waters in the Lake Clark National Monument Area

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A Fisheries Inventory of Waters in the Lake Clark National Monument Area A FISHERIES INVENTORY OF WATERS IN THE LAKE CLARK NATIONAL MONUMENT AREA ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME DIVISION OF SPORT FISH RICHARD RUSSELL PROJECT LEADER AND SH UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 331.5 NATIONAL PARK SERVICE .S75 F57 1980 1980 Correction: Page 109 Paragraph 3 indicates an estimated 4-6,000,000 sockeye spawners returned to Lake Clark drainages in 1980. The statement should indicate 1979, rather than 1980. SH 3'31.5 TABLE OF CONTENTS . SIS f61 Page t9 to LIST OF FIGURES . iii LIST OF TABLES v LIST OF APPENDICES viii ABSTRACT .•.... .. 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .. 1 BACKGROUND. 2 OBJECTIVES. 7 METHODS ... 8 FINDINGS. 9 l~a ters . 9 Cook Inlet Drainages. 9 Chakachamna Lake . 9 Crescent Lake. • • 15 Crescent River .. i5 Hickerson Lake ....•. 16 Johnson River •.. 16 Lake Clark Dr a i naces. 17 Caribou Lake·· ..•. 17 Chokotonk River. 17 Chulitna River . 19 Hoknede Lake . 19 Hudson Lake. 20 Kij i k Lake . 20 Kijik River ....... 21 Kontrashibuna Lake . 22 Lachbuna Lake .. 23 Lake Clark ..... 23 Little Kijik River 26 Lana Lake. 28 ~~iller Creek . 29 Otter Lake . 29 Pickeral Lakes (Upper, Middle, Lower) .. 29 Portage Creek. 30 Portaqe Lake . 30 ianalian River ........ 31 iazimina Lakes (Upper and Lower) . 31 ~~RLlS A' :hka R c;~uurces Libn:1P, 81 l.'ltonnation Services ·: .. ;u:.~1oiage, Alaska -i- Page Tazimina River •..•. 32 Tlikakila River ..... 33 Mulchatna River Drainages . 34 Chilikadrotna River. 34 Fishtrap Lake. • • . 38 Half Cabin Lake .• 38 Loon Lake. • 38 Mulchatna River. 39 Snipe Lake ••.••...• 40 Turquoise Lake .•....•• 42 Twin Lakes (Upper and Lower) 42 Stony River Drainages ...••..•• 43 Necons River . • • . • • . 43 Telaquana Lake •. 45 Telequana River ••.•.• 45 Two Lakes. 46 Fish Species . • . 46 Arctic Char • . 48 Arctic Graylin~ . 57 Arctic Lamprey. 57 Burbot. • . 64 Chinook Salmon ... 64 Chum Salmon .••••. 68 Coastran~e Sculpin •. 68 Coho Salmon . • . • • . • . 69 ;Jolly Varden •... 69 Humpback Whitefish •. 72 Lake Trout •..••. "' . 77 Least Cisco ..•.. 77 Longnose Sucker . • . 87 Ninespine Stickleback ...•.. 87 Northern Pike . 87 Pink Salmon • . 91 Pygmy Whitefish • . 91 Rainbow Trout .•. 98 Round Whitefish .. 104 Slimy Sculpin . 104 Sockeye Salmon .. 104 Threespine Stickleback. 109 DISCUSSION •.. 111 RECOMMENDATIONS . 115 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 117 APPENDICES. 121 -ii- LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1 The Kvichak River System of Bristol Bay, Alaska •....••.... 2 Proposed Lake Clark National Park and Preserve Showing Lakes and 3 Rivers Surveyed in 1978-1979 . • . 4 3 Westside Cook Inlet Drainages .. 14 4 Lake Clark Drainage .••.•.. 18 5 Upper Mulchatna River Drainage . • . 35 6 The Upper Stony River Drainage ...•...•. 44 7 Chakachamna Lake, Showing Sample Stations, 1979 •• 123 8 Crescent Lake, Showing Sample Stations, 1978 . 125 9 Hickerson Lake, Showing Sample Stations, 1979 .. 127 10 Hickerson Lake Depth Soundings, 1979 ••.... 11 Johnson River, Showing Sample Stations, 1978 .. 128 12 Caribou Lake, Showing Sample Stations, 1979 .. 130 13 Caribou Lake Depth Soundings, 1979 .•...•.......•... 132 14 Chulitna River, Showing Sample Stations, 1979 ..•..•... 133 15 Hoknede Lake and Long Lake, Showing Sample Stations, 1979. 135 16 Long Lake and Hoknede Lake Depth Soundings, 1979 ...•••• 137 17 Hudson Lake, Showing Samp 1e Stat i ens, 1979 . 138 18 Hudson Lake Depth Soundings, 1979. • . 140 19 Kijik Lake, Showing Sample Stations, 1978-1979 .•••.. 141 20 Kijik Lake Depth Soundings, 1979 ...•........ 143 21 Kontrashibuna Lake, Showing Sample Stations, 1978-1979 ..•.. 144 22 Kontrashibuna Lake Depth Soundings, 1978 •..•...•... 146 23 Lachbuna Lake and Portage Lake, Showing Sample Stations, 1978. 147 24 Lachbuna and Portage Lakes Depth Soundings, 1978 ......... 149 25 Lake Clark, Showing Sample Stations, 1978-1979 .......... 150 26 Lake Clark, Showing Limnological Sample Stations, 1978-1979 .. 154 27 Otter Lake, Showing Sample Stations, 1978 .•......•...•. 155 28 Otter Lake Depth Soundings, 1978 .•.•...... 159 29 Pickeral Lakes, Showing Sample Stations, 1979 .... 160 30 Pickeral Lakes Depth Soundings, 1979 ....... 162 31 Upper Tazimina Lake, Showing Sample Stations, 1978 ........ 163 32 Upper Tazimi na Lake Depth Soundings, 1978. 166. 33 Lower Tazimina Lake, Showing Sample Stations, 1978 ........ 167 34 169 Lower Tazimina Lake Depth Soundings, 1978 ...... 170 35 iazimina River, Showing Sample Stations, 1979 ..... 172 36 Fishtrap Lake, Showing Sample Stations, 1979 ... 175 37 Fishtrap Lake Depth Soundings, 1979 ...•......... 176 38 Loon Lake and 1-!alf Cabin Lake Showing Sample Stations, 1978. 178 39 Snipe Lake, Showing Sample Stations, 1978 ... 181 40 Snipe Lake Depth Soundings, 1978 ........ 182 41 Turquoise Lake, Showing Sample Stations, 1978 ..... 184 42 Turquoise Lake Depth Soundings, 1978 .... 185 43 Upper Twin Lake, Showing Sample Stations, 1978 . 187 44 Upper Twin Lake Depth Soundings, 1978 ..... 188 45 Lower Twin Lake, Showing Sample Stations, 1978 .. 190 46 Lower Twin Lake Depth Sounding, 1978 . 191 -iii- Figure Page 47 Telaquana Lake, Showing Sample Stations, 1978 .. 193 48 Telaquana Lake Depth Soundings (m), 1978 ....•.. 194 49 Two Lakes, Showing Sample Stations, 1978 . 196 50 Two Lakes Depth Soundings, 1978 ......... 197 -iv- LIST OF TABLES Table Page Waters surveyed in the proposed Lake Clark National Park/ Preserve, 1978. • . • . • . • . 10 2 Waters surveyed in the proposed Lake Clark National Park/ Preserve, 1979. • . • . • . • . • . 11 3 Limnological data, selected waters within the proposed Lake Clark National Park/Preserve, 1978. • . • . 12 4 Limnological data, selected waters within the proposed Lake Clark National Park/Preserve, 1979. • . • . • . 13 5 Water level fluctuations, Chulitna Bay, Lake Clark, 1978-1979 . 24 6 Lake water temperatures, Chulitna Bay, Lake Clark, June 11 - September 8, 1978 . • • . • . • . • . • • . 25 7 Subsistence catch of salmon by villages in the Lake Clark area, 1924-1978 . 27 8 Summary of Chilikadrotna River salmon escapement surveys, 1964 - 1979. 37 9 Summary of Mulchatna River salmon escapement surveys, 1974-1979 . 41 10 Fish species distribution, proposed Lake Clark National Park/ Preserve, 1978-1979 . • . • . 47 11 Relative abundance of resident species in selected waters within the proposed Lake Clark National Park/Preserve, 1978-1979 . 49 12 Comparison of gill raker counts for Arctic char and Dolly Varden from waters within the proposed Lake Clark National Park/Preserve, 1978. 50 13 Comparison of pyloric caeca counts for Arctic char and Dolly Varden from waters within the proposed Lake Clark National Park/Preserve, 1978. 51 14 Length distribution of Arctic char sampled from waters within the proposed Lake Clark National Park/Preserve, 1978-1979 . 52 15 Arctic char length-age frequency from waters within the proposed Lake Clark National Park/Preserve, 1978-1979 ............. 53 16 Age distribution of mature Arctic char sampled from waters within the proposed Lake Clark National Park/Preserve, 1978-1979 ...... 54 17 Food items found most commonly in Arctic char stomachs from waters within the proposed Lake Clark National Park/ Preserve, 1978-1979 . 55 18 Length distribution of Arctic grayling sampled in the proposed Lake Clark National Park/Preserve, 1978-1979 ............. 58 19 Arctic grayling length-age frequency from waters within the · proposed Lake Clark National Park/Preserve, 1978-1979 ........ 60 20 Age distribution of mature Arctic grayling sampled from waters within the proposed Lake Clark National Park/Preserve, 1978-1979. 61 21 Food items found most commonly in Arctic grayling stomachs, from waters within the proposed Lake Clark National Park/Preserve, 1978-1979 . 62 22 Length distribution of burbot sampled in the proposed Lake Clark Nat i ana 1 Park/ Preserve, 1978-1979 . 65 23 Burbot length-age frequency from Lake Clark drainages, 1978-1979 ... 66 -v- Table Page. 24 Burbot stomach contents from waters within the proposed Lake Clark National Park/Preserve, 1978-1979 . • . • . • . • . 67 25 Length distribution of Dolly Varden sampled in the proposed Lake Clark National Park/Preserve, 1978-1979 . • . 70 26 Dolly Varden length-age frequency from waters within proposed Lake Clark National Park/Preserve, 1978-1979 . • . • • • . • . 71 27 Dolly Varden stomach contents from waters within the proposed Lake Clark National Park/Preserve, 1978-1979 . • . • • • • . • . • . 73 28 Length distribution of humpback whitefish sampled from waters within the proposed Lake Clark National Park/Preserve, 1978-1979. 74 29 Humpback whitefish length-age frequency from Lake Clark drainage, 1964. 75 30 Humpback whitefish stomach contents from Lake Clark, 1978-1979. 76 31 Length distribution of lake trout sampled in the proposed Lake Clark National Park/Preserve, 1978-1979 . • • . • . • • • • . • • • . • 78 32 Mean fork length-age lake trout from waters within the proposed Lake Clark Nation a 1 Park/Preserve, 1978-1979. • . • . • . • . 79 33 Age distribution of mature lake trout sampled from waters within the proposed Lake Clark National Park/Preserve, 1978-1979 . • • • . 80 34 Food items found most commonly in lake trout stomachs from waters within the proposed Lake Clark National Park/Preserve, 1978-1979. 81 35 Lake trout stomach contents, Lake Clark, 1978-1979. • . 83 36 Length distribution of least ciscos sampled from selected waters within the proposed Lake Clark National Park/Preserve, 1978-1979. 84 37 Least cisco length-age frequency from Lake Clark drainage, 1979 • . 85 38 Age distribution of mature least ciscos sampled from waters within the proposed Lake Clark National
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