REGIONAL SUBSISTENCE BIBLIOGRAPHY Volume V Western & Southwestern Alaska Number I BY David B. Andersen and Jan H. Overturf Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Subsistence Technical Paper No. 111 Juneau. Alaska 1986 CONTENTS Acknowledgements ............................................ .v Introduction ............................................... ..vi i . Abbreviations .............................................. ..Xl x Bibliographic citations .................................... ..l Keyword Index ................................................ 169 Author Index ................................................ 199 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many people have contributed time and reference material to help produce this publication. Reference collection work done in 1983 was was greatly assisted by Elizabeth Andrews, Steve Rehnke, John Wright, and Dr. Robert Wolfe who made their own collections of regional references available and offered useful suggestions regarding organiza- tion of the bibliography and additional sources. References collected in 1983 sat for over two years awaiting further work and funding, and. for a time it appeared that they would never make it into print. We have Jim Fall to thank for spearheading efforts to resurrect the project in 1986, offering suggestions for updating the collection with new material, reviewing citations and introductory text, and providing the funds for printing. Others contributing additional reference material to the updated collection include Elizaheth Andrews. Susan Georgette, Judy Morris. and Janet Schichnes. Thanks also to Dan Foster, who expertly prepared the maps appearing in the introduction. to Kathy Arndt, who painstakingly edited an early rough draft of the hihliography. and to Margie Yadlosky, who efficiently handled data entry and editing tasks on the data file. Cover artwork was the creation of Tim Sczawinski. Finally. special thanks go to Louis Brown for his programming wizardry which created the microcomputer version of the data base and the indexing routines. His expertise in handling the computer end of things has played a major role in making this publication possible. V INTRODUCTION This is the fifth in a series of regional bibliographies on subsistence in Alaska published by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADFhG). Division of Subsistence. These publications are an out- growth of a computerized literature‘ data base compiled and maintained by the Division of Subsistence. What was developed by the division as an in-house research tool attracted the attention of other agencies and individuals involved in land and resource management in Alaska. Numerous requests for access to the data base by both computer users and nonusers alike and the desire of the division to make this infor- mation available to other researchers have prompted the publication of these regional bibliographies as a first step in satisfying the need for an accessible, comprehensive reference data base on all aspects of subsistence in Alaska. History of the Project The Alaska Department of Fish and Game's D-tvision of Subsistence was created by the Alaska legislature with enactment of Chapter 151 of the 1978 Alaska Session Laws. Among the division's mandated respons- ibilities was the collection of information on all aspects of subsis- tence and its role in the lives of the residents of Alaska. To this end the subsistence bibliography project was developed to fill the need for a comprehensive reference data base on subsistence in Alaska. The ultimate goal of the project was the establishment of a computerized system for entry. storage. and retrieval. of literature references Vii pertaining to subsistence that would primarily serve the needs of the division and the department but would also he accessible to other users. Title collection efforts on the project began in late 1979 and focused initially on the northern half of Alaska. In 1982 title collec- tion efforts were expanded to include the southern regions of the state, thus creating a statewide data base. By 1984 this statewide data base had grown to include about 4000 titles. Until 1985 this collection resided on the University of Alaska Computer Network where it was maintained and accessed using the FAMULUS data base program. With recent advances in the capabilities of microcomputers. the Division of Subsistence has now converted this statewide data base into six regional data base files which are accessed and nraintained using micro- computers. Scope of the Bibliography This publication represents the current contents of the division's regional collection for western and southwest Alaska. This large area encompasses the lands occupied by the Central Yup'ik Eskimos of the Yukon- Kuskokwim Delta from Unalakleet in the north to Naknek in the south, and extends inland to a point near Holy Cross on the Yukon River. Stony River village on the Kuskokwim River, and includes the western half of Tliamna Lake. Also included in this region is the Alaska Peninsula, occupied by the Sugpiaq or Alutiiq Eskimos. and the Aleutian and Pribilof Islands, inhabited by the Aleuts. In addition. works on the Inland and Iliamna Dena'ina (Tanaina) Athabaskans of Tl.lanma Lake. Lake Clark. and the Stony River have been included. Thus, the hiblio- viii graphy covers the western and southwestern fish and game resource aanage- ment regions as established by the Alaska Joint Boards of Fisheries and Game. with the exception of Kodiak Island, which was included in the Southcentral Bibliography (Technical Paper No. 97). The boundaries and major geographic features of the western and southwest region are outlined in figures 1 and 2. Figure 3 shows the distribution of the four major Native language groups in the region. Subsistence involves complex interrelationships between economic, social, and cultural systems and between these systems and the environ- ment. To have maximum utility to researchers. a reference collection on this subject must examine the many aspects of subsistence. In an attempt to provide a broad spectrum of information to researchers, title collection efforts were directed toward the following major subject areas: 1) subsistence hunting. fishing, trapping. and gathering: 2) physical, historical. social, economic. and demographic profiles of contemporary Alaskan communities: 3) the impacts of historic and contemporary development upon communities, culture. rural economies. and subsistence resources; 4) the distrihution and movements of wild, renewable resources of Alaska; 5) diet, nutrition, and health of rural Alaskans, as they relate to hunting, fishing, trappIng and gathering: 6) traditional Alaska Native culture. society, and sociocultural change: and iX ALASKA WESiTERN REGION 1 d/-/ MISSION CROOKED CREEK- 0 ANIAK KALSKAGW Ry ci.. -NEWTOK LOWER KALSKAGY ,$: x IERING SEA KIPNUK (.‘:‘.. KONGlG&,@Ef& .. .- ‘... KWIG~LLINGOK- \. \ QU~NHAGAK KUSKOKWIM BAY PLATNUMF -7 ,,1 0 50 100 24 MILES Figure 1. Western Alaska region. ALA3AA ~SOUTHWEST RE6lOH Q ST. PAUL ISLAND b ST. GEORGE BRISTOL ISLAND SAY BERING SEA ALEUTIAN ISLANDS t Q .. u PACIFIC OCEAN w 0 150 5P ALEUTIAN ISLANDS MILES Figure 2. Southwest Alaska region. --- ST. YATTMCW KUSKOKWIM BERING SEA / \ , w ST. PAUL \ ISLANO \ I \ \ * sr. amm \ ISLANO \ \ \ PACIFIC OCEAN 3 0 f . ALEUTIAN ISLANDS N 2yk-J& 0 50 100 ALEUT MILES c Figure 3. Native language groups in western and southwestern Alaska. xii 7) archaeological reconstructions of past land use patterns, resources utilized. and subsistence technologies. Sources and Collection Methods Major libraries utilized in the collection of titles for this publication included the Alaska and Polar Regions collection at the. Elmer E. Rasmuson Library of the University of Alaska. Fairbanks, the Alaska Resources Library, Anchorage, the University of Alaska Consortium Library. Anchorage, the Bethel Consortium Library in Bethel. the Alaska Native Language Center Library at the University of Alaska. Fairhanks, the Arctic Environmental Information Data Center Library in Anchorage, and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Habitat Division Library in Anchorage. The research libraries of Dr. Jean Aigner of the University of Alaska, Fairbanks. Dr. William B. Workman of the University of Alaska. Anchorage, Steven Behnke, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Subsistence Division in Dillingham. and contributions from the Association of Village Council Presidents in Bethel. also proved invaluable. Methods of search included author and subject searches in the library card catalogs, shelf browsing in specialized collections. and exatination of periodicals such as; Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska. Arctic Anthropology. Arctic, Ethnohistory. Occas- ional Papers of Cooperative Park Studies Unit (CPSTJ). and Dissertation Abstracts. In addition. twenty northern bibliographies were conslllted. Those bibliographies found to he especially useful included: A. E. Hippier's Eskimo Acculturation, the Ethnographic Bibliography of North .- America, by G. P. Murdock and T. J. O'Leary, and A Bibliography on Alaskan Subsistence by M. A. Tuten and J. M. Eckhardt. Specialized bibliographies such as An Aleut Bibliography by D. M. Jones and J. R. Wood, W. H. Oswalt's The Kuskokwim River Drainage, Alaska: an annotated bibliography and J. W. VanStone's An Annotated Ethnohistorical Biblio- graphy of the Nushagak River Region, Alaska. were especially useful in providing sources for localized areas. When a pertinent reference was located it was cited, examined for keywords.