REGIONAL SUBSISTENCE BIBLIOGRAPHY Volume IV Southcentral Alaska Number I

REGIONAL SUBSISTENCE BIBLIOGRAPHY Volume IV Southcentral Alaska Number I Jan H. Overturf Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Subsistence Technical Paper No. 97 Juneau, Alaska 1984 Cover Drawing by Tim Sczawinski CONTENTS Acknowledgments .............................................. V Introduction ................................................. vii Abbreviations ................................................ xix Southcentral Regional Bibliography ........................... 1 Keyword Index ................................................ 111 Author Index ................................................. 131 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In compiling this bibliography I received help and suggestions from many sources. The help was eagerly sought after and accepted. I would like to thank the entire staff of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game Subsistence Division, Anchorage Office. Especially helpful were Dr. James A. Fall, Ron Stanek, Lee Stratton and Carolyn Reed. All of these people opened their professional research libraries for my perusal and supplied me with a nearly steady stream of papers to be read, referenced and included in the bibliography. Dr. James Fall was particularly supportive of the project. His enthusiasm and comments were greatly appreciated, and his final review of the rough draft was essential. Dr. William B. Workman of the University of Alaska, Anchorage, generously opened his research library supplying many important recent publications and hard-to- find papers. Dr. Robert Wolfe, Research Director, ADFG Subsistence Division, supplied helpful comments on organizing search procedure. For graphics support I thank Betsy Sturm for her map work and Tim Sczawinski for cover artwork. Katherine Arndt deserves special recognition and thanks for her proficient job of editing. BookCrafters of Chelsea, Michigan handled the printing and binding of this volume. Lastly, I thank Dave Andersen who compiled the Northern Bibliography and acted as my immediate supervisor, for the constant support, spirited discussions and numerous revised keyword lists. V INTRODUCTION This is the fourth in a series of regional bibliographies on subsistence in Alaska published by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G), Division of Subsistence. These publications are an outgrowth of a computerized literature data base compiled and maintained by the Division of Subsistence. What was developed by the Division as an in-house research tool attracted the attention of other agencies and individuals involved in land and resource management in Alaska. Numerous requests for access to the data base by computer users and nonusers alike and the desire of the Division to make this information available to other researchers have prompted the publication of these regional bibliographies as a first step in satisfying the need for an accessible, comprehensive reference data base on all aspects of subsistence in Alaska. History of the Project The Alaska Department of Fish and Game's Division of Subsistence was created by the Alaska legislature with enactment of Chapter 151 of the 1978 Alaska Session Laws. Among the Division's mandated respons- ibilities was the collection of information on all aspects of subsistence and its role in the lives of the residents of Alaska. To this end the subsistence bibliography project was developed to fill the need for a comprehensive reference data base on subsistence in Alaska. The ultimate goal of the project was the establishment of a computerized system for entry, storage, and retrieval of literature references vii pertaining to subsistence that would primarily serve the needs of the Division and the Department but would also be accessible to other users. Title collection efforts on the project began in late 1979 and focused on Alaska's North Slope and Interior regions. In February 1982, title collection efforts were expanded to include the southern regions of the state. Citation collection for the southern half of Alaska focused initially on literature pertaining to Southcentral and Southwestern Alaska. Library sources at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks, the University of Alaska, Anchorage, and Alaska Resources Library in Anchorage were searched as were the professional libraries of Division Resource Specialists. Literature search for publications concerning the Panhandle or Southeast Alaska began in August 1982, with the major library source being the Alaska State Library in Juneau. Currently the on-line data base totals about 4000 entries. Because of its size the data base is maintained in two parts, a northern collection and a southern collection. About 1500 titles currently make up the southern collection. The Southcentral bibliography is the first of three publications stemming from the southern data base. The Southwestern and Southeastern bibliographies are to appear in the near future. Future plans for the project include update and maintenance of the statewide data base and periodic updates to publish bibliographies when a sufficiently large volume of additional reference material has been identified. Scope of the Bibliography The current publication has a geographic focus in Alaska's Southcentral region. This area is bordered by the Alaska Range on the north and includes the Wrangell-St. Elias Mountains to the Canadian . Vlll border in the east. On the coast, the boundary falls just west of Cape Yakataga. The central portion includes the Susitna Valley and Railbelt area. The western boundary encompasses the Stony River to its confluence with the Kuskokwim River, Lake Clark, Iliamna Lake and a thin strip of land down the east side of the Alaska Peninsula to Katmai National Park. Also included in the region are the Kodiak Islands in the Gulf of Alaska southwest of the Kenai Peninsula, and the Semidi Islands and Chirikof Island, both southwest of Kodiak Island. Major rivers in this region include the Copper River emptying into Prince William Sound, the Susitna and Matanuska rivers draining into Cook Inlet, and the Kenai River on the Kenai Peninsula. Lake Clark and Iliamna Lake are the two major freshwater lakes in the area. Oceanic bodies include Prince William Sound, Cook Inlet and Shelikof Strait between the Alaska Penin- sula and Kodiak Island. These oceanic bodies are all part of the Gulf of Alaska and the Pacific Ocean. The coastal area from the Alexander Archipelago of Southeast Alaska to the Alaska Peninsula is known collectively as the North Pacific Rim. Southcentral Alaska is the most developed area of the state and many comrnuni ties, both historic and contemporary, exist within its boundaries. These settlements occur primarily along the coast and along major transportation routes. Figure 1 depicts communities for which references have been collected and which appear as keywords in the keyword index. Several ethnic groups call Southcentral Alaska their home. Two Athabaskan groups reside in the area. These are the Ahtna Athabaskans in the Copper River Basin area and the Tanaina or Dena'ina Athabaskans ix i5W !52O 1480 1440 Iann l Cantwell ,qt h’ ! I” \ \ r l Paxson “\ l Mentasta Lake I Susitno River -‘j / r--L.J---‘--, ,++ano 0 “7, i’ ‘;Batzulnetas Chistachina, J . (historic) -R Lake \?, : 2,’ :’ Nabesna Louise \J Jfrakona I ,Gulkana Chisana* Tarlina . l ‘Glennallen + 3.. i, (historic);7 L ,Copper Center \ \-. -. .^___ A-, yj “- 8 iv ‘x r :i Chit1 . Kennicott MrCnrthv ‘-7 l ‘.‘--- “‘I i ‘hime Village / A A I.2=\#~. CA X ./i’ Nondalton PA C/f/C OCEA N Figure 1. Southcentral Alaska region. 1400 156’ 152” 148 1440 I.-- /I I _--/ I,1)’ . II X 4. Figure 2. Southcentral Alaska language groups. (from Krauss 1974) whose population surrounds Cook Inlet and extends west to Lake Clark and Iliamna Lake and along the Stony River to its confluence with the Kuskokwim River. The Alutiiq (Sugpiaq) Eskimos settled along the coast, making their living principally off the sea. Two major subgroups of the Alutiiq are recognized: the Koniag Eskimo of the Kodiak Islands and the Chugach Eskimos in Prince William Sound and on the tip of the Kenai Peninsula. The Eyak Indians subsisted in the Copper River Delta and have very few representatives still living today. Figure 2 illustrates the linguistic divisions represented in Southcentral Alaska. Subsistence involves complex interrelationships between economic, social, and cultural systems and between these systems and the environ- ment. To have maximum utility to researchers, a reference collection on this subject must examine the many aspects of subsistence. In an attempt to provide a broad spectrum of information to researchers, title collection efforts were directed toward the following major subject areas: 1) subsistence hunting, fishing, trapping, and gathering; 2) physical, historical, social, economic, and demographic profiles of contemporary Alaskan communities; 3) the impacts of historic and contemporary development upon communities, culture, rural economies, and subsistence resources; 4) the distribution and movements of wild, renewable resources of Alaska; 5) diet, nutrition, and health of rural Alaskans, as they relate to hunting, fishing, trapping and gathering; xii 6) traditional Alaska Native culture, society, and sociocultural change; and 71 archaeological reconstructions of past land use patterns, resources utilized, and subsistence technologies. Information that was not referenced included commercial fishing and hunting catch statistics, school attendance records and pure biology such as animal physiology or phenology of various native

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