Pedometrics 2019
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World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014 International Soil Classification System for Naming Soils and Creating Legends for Soil Maps
ISSN 0532-0488 WORLD SOIL RESOURCES REPORTS 106 World reference base for soil resources 2014 International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps Update 2015 Cover photographs (left to right): Ekranic Technosol – Austria (©Erika Michéli) Reductaquic Cryosol – Russia (©Maria Gerasimova) Ferralic Nitisol – Australia (©Ben Harms) Pellic Vertisol – Bulgaria (©Erika Michéli) Albic Podzol – Czech Republic (©Erika Michéli) Hypercalcic Kastanozem – Mexico (©Carlos Cruz Gaistardo) Stagnic Luvisol – South Africa (©Márta Fuchs) Copies of FAO publications can be requested from: SALES AND MARKETING GROUP Information Division Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00100 Rome, Italy E-mail: [email protected] Fax: (+39) 06 57053360 Web site: http://www.fao.org WORLD SOIL World reference base RESOURCES REPORTS for soil resources 2014 106 International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps Update 2015 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2015 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. -
Poster Presentation Schedule
20WCSS_Poster Schedule(vol.6) Abstract Date Time Code-N Session Name Country Affiliation Final Type Abstract Title No Folk Soil Knowledge for Soil Myriel Milicevic and June 9(Mon) All day Art Poster Taxonomy and Assessment-art Ruttikorn Vuttikorn Folk Soil Knowledge for Soil Autonomous University of CHARACTERIZATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS IN MEXICALI June 9(Mon) 15:30~16:20 P1-1 AF2388 Monica Aviles Mexico Poster Taxonomy and Assessment Baja California VALLEY, BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO Folk Soil Knowledge for Soil UNIVERSITY OF CUIABA - Relationship between phytophysiognomy and classes of wetland soil June 9(Mon) 15:30~16:20 P1-2 AF2892 Leo Adriano Chig Brazil Poster Taxonomy and Assessment UNIC/INAU - NATIONAL of northern Pantanal Mato Grosso - Brazil Folk Soil Knowledge for Soil Luiz Felipe Moreira USE OF SIG TOOLS IN THE TREATMENT OF DATA AND STUDY OF June 9(Mon) 15:30~16:20 P1-3 AF2934 Brazil Universidade de Brasilia Poster Taxonomy and Assessment Cassol THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOIL, GEOLOGY AND Folk Soil Knowledge for Soil Universidad Michoacana de FARMER'S KNOWLEDGE OF LAND AND CLASSES OF CORN OF June 9(Mon) 15:30~16:20 P1-4 AF2977 Maria Alcala Mexico Poster Taxonomy and Assessment San Nicolas de Hidalgo MICHOACAN, MEXICO Folk Soil Knowledge for Soil Technological Educational June 9(Mon) 15:30~16:20 P1-5 AF2979 Pantelis E. Barouchas Greece Poster Soil mass balance for an Alfisol in Greece Taxonomy and Assessment Institute of Western Greece Critical Issues of Radionuclide Center for Land Use June 9(Mon) All day Art Poster Behavior -
Pedometric Mapping of Key Topsoil and Subsoil Attributes Using Proximal and Remote Sensing in Midwest Brazil
UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA FACULDADE DE AGRONOMIA E MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM AGRONOMIA PEDOMETRIC MAPPING OF KEY TOPSOIL AND SUBSOIL ATTRIBUTES USING PROXIMAL AND REMOTE SENSING IN MIDWEST BRAZIL RAÚL ROBERTO POPPIEL TESE DE DOUTORADO EM AGRONOMIA BRASÍLIA/DF MARÇO/2020 UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA FACULDADE DE AGRONOMIA E MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM AGRONOMIA PEDOMETRIC MAPPING OF KEY TOPSOIL AND SUBSOIL ATTRIBUTES USING PROXIMAL AND REMOTE SENSING IN MIDWEST BRAZIL RAÚL ROBERTO POPPIEL ORIENTADOR: Profa. Dra. MARILUSA PINTO COELHO LACERDA CO-ORIENTADOR: Prof. Titular JOSÉ ALEXANDRE MELO DEMATTÊ TESE DE DOUTORADO EM AGRONOMIA BRASÍLIA/DF MARÇO/2020 ii iii REFERÊNCIA BIBLIOGRÁFICA POPPIEL, R. R. Pedometric mapping of key topsoil and subsoil attributes using proximal and remote sensing in Midwest Brazil. Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília- Brasília, 2019; 105p. (Tese de Doutorado em Agronomia). CESSÃO DE DIREITOS NOME DO AUTOR: Raúl Roberto Poppiel TÍTULO DA TESE DE DOUTORADO: Pedometric mapping of key topsoil and subsoil attributes using proximal and remote sensing in Midwest Brazil. GRAU: Doutor ANO: 2020 É concedida à Universidade de Brasília permissão para reproduzir cópias desta tese de doutorado e para emprestar e vender tais cópias somente para propósitos acadêmicos e científicos. O autor reserva outros direitos de publicação e nenhuma parte desta tese de doutorado pode ser reproduzida sem autorização do autor. ________________________________________________ Raúl Roberto Poppiel CPF: 703.559.901-05 Email: [email protected] Poppiel, Raúl Roberto Pedometric mapping of key topsoil and subsoil attributes using proximal and remote sensing in Midwest Brazil/ Raúl Roberto Poppiel. -- Brasília, 2020. -
Soil Organic Matter As Sole Indicator of Soil Degradation
Environ Monit Assess (2017) 189:176 DOI 10.1007/s10661-017-5881-y Soil organic matter as sole indicator of soil degradation S.E. Obalum & G.U. Chibuike & S. Peth & Y. Ouyang Received: 27 July 2016 /Accepted: 7 March 2017 # Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 Abstract Soil organic matter (SOM) is known to play properties as well. Thus, functions of SOM almost al- vital roles in the maintenance and improvement of many ways affect various soil properties and processes and soil properties and processes. These roles, which largely engage in multiple reactions. In view of its role in soil influence soil functions, are a pool of specific contribu- aggregation and erosion control, in availability of plant tions of different components of SOM. The soil func- nutrients and in ameliorating other forms of soil degra- tions, in turn, normally define the level of soil degrada- dation than erosion, SOM has proven to be an important tion, viewed as quantifiable temporal changes in a soil indicator of soil degradation. It has been suggested, that impairs its quality. This paper aims at providing a however, that rather than the absolute amount, temporal generalized assessment of the current state of knowl- change and potential amount of SOM be considered in edge on the usefulness of SOM in monitoring soil its use as indicator of soil degradation, and that SOM degradation, based on its influence on the physical, may not be an all-purpose indicator. Whilst SOM re- chemical and biological properties and processes of mains a candidate without substitute as long as a one- soils. -
Impact of Heathland Restoration and Re-Creation Techniques on Soil Characteristics and the Historical Environment
Natural England Research Report NERR010 Impact of heathland restoration and re-creation techniques on soil characteristics and the historical environment www.naturalengland.org.uk Natural England Research Report NERR010 Impact of heathland restoration and re-creation techniques on soil characteristics and the historical environment Hawley, G.1, Anderson, P. 1, Gash, M. 1, Smith, P. 1, Higham, N. 2, Alonso, I. 3, Ede, J.3 & Holloway, J.3 1 Independent consultant, 2 University of Manchester and 3 Natural England Published on 28 March 2008 The views in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of Natural England. You may reproduce as many individual copies of this report as you like, provided such copies stipulate that copyright remains with Natural England, 1 East Parade, Sheffield, S1 2ET ISSN 1754-1956 © Copyright Natural England 2008 Project details This report results from research commissioned by Natural England in order to provide information on the impact of heathland restoration and re-creation activities on the soils and archaeology. The work was undertaken under Natural England contract FST20-84-010 by the following team: Penny Anderson (Managing Director Penny Anderson Associates Ltd (PAA); Gerard Hawley (Senior Soil Scientist, PAA); Mark Gash (Ecologist, PAA); Phil Smith (Senior Ecologist, PAA) and Nick Higham (Professor of Early Medieval and Landscape History, University of Manchester). Isabel Alonso (Heathland Ecologist, Natural England), Joy Ede (Historic Environment Advisor, Natural England) and Julie Holloway (Senior Soil Specialist, Natural England) provided contacts, information, references and edited the report. A summary of the findings covered by this report, as well as Natural England's views on this research, can be found within Natural England Research Information Note RIN010: Impact of heathland restoration and re-creation techniques on soil characteristics and the historical environment. -
Economic Valuation of Soil Functions: Phase 1
Economic Valuation of Soil Functions Phase 1: Literature Review and Method Development Prepared for: Defra Prepared by: David Harris, ADAS Boxworth, Battlegate Road, Boxworth, Cambridge, CB3 8NN Dr. Bob Crabtree, CJC Consulting, Oxford John King, ADAS Boxworth Paul Newell-Price, ADAS Gleadthorpe Date: July 2006 Copyright The proposed approach and methodology is protected by copyright and no part of this document may be copied or disclosed to any third party, either before or after the contract is awarded, without the written consent of ADAS. 0936648 Economic Valuation of Soil Functions Phase 1: Literature Review and Method Development Glossary of Terms ALC Agricultural Land Classification AONB Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty BMP Best Management Practice generally defined by being within the Codes of Good Agricultural Practice for Air, Water and Soil, COGAP (Defra) Brickfield series An imperfectly drained soil with a fine loamy texture CAP Common Agricultural Policy Clifton series An imperfectly drained, medium to coarse-textured soil with a perched water table Cu Copper CV Contingent valuation DE Direct energy used in fuel for field operations Defra Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs DoE Department of the Environment (now part of Defra and distinct from the Environment Agency) Dunkeswick series A poorly drained soil with a fine loamy topsoil, and a clay subsoil beginning at between 40 and 80 cm depth ELS Entry Level Scheme of Environmental Stewardship Scheme ESA Environmentally Sensitive Area FIOs Faecal indicator organisms -
Seção V - Gênese, Morfologia E Classificação Do Solo
EVALUATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS... 573 SEÇÃO V - GÊNESE, MORFOLOGIA E CLASSIFICAÇÃO DO SOLO EVALUATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FERRALSOLS AND RELATED SOILS(1) E. KLAMT(2) & L. P. VAN REEUWIJK(3) SUMMARY Morphological, physical and chemical data of 58 soil profiles of Ferralsols and low activity clay Cambisols, Lixisols, Acrisols and Nitisols and of Alisols of the International Soil Reference and Information Centre (ISRIC) collection, described and sampled in eighteen different countries of tropical and subtropical regions, were selected to analyse their consistency and, or, variability and to search for properties to better describe and differentiate them. The soil profile descriptions were based on the guidelines of FAO and the FAO endorsed analytical methods of ISRIC. Frequence diagrams of the data show an asymmetric positively skewed and leptokurtic distribution for sand and silt fractions, specific surface, exchangeable bases and cation exchange capacity. Clustering soil colour hues, values and chromas rendered four distinct clusters, respectively of Rhodic, Rhodic/Xanthic (Haplic), Xanthic and Humic properties. The same technique applied to particle size distribution also originated four clusters, respectively of fine loamy, fine silty, clayey and fine clayey soils. Most of the soils analysed are acid, with low base saturation, except for Rhodic Nitisols and Rhodic Ferralsols, which present low exchangeable aluminium. Higher and variable values of this property are found in the other soil classes studied. Cation exchange capacity is also low and related to the kaolinitic and oxihydroxydic composition of the clay material. Regression analysis applied to cation exchange capacity resulted in low correlations with clay and silt content and higher with organic carbon and specific surface and clay content. -
Soil Classification Based on Spectral and Environmental Variables
https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2019-77 Preprint. Discussion started: 20 November 2019 c Author(s) 2019. CC BY 4.0 License. Soil classification based on spectral and environmental variables Andre Carnieletto Dotto1, Jose A. M. Demattê1, Raphael Viscarra Rossel2, and Rodnei Rizzo1 1Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture Luiz de Queiroz, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil 2School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia Correspondence: Jose A. M. Demattê ([email protected]) Abstract. Given the large volume of soil data, it is now possible to obtain a soil classification using spectral, climate and terrain attributes. The idea was to develop a soil series system, which intends to discriminate soil types according to several variables. This new system was called Soil-Environmental Classification (SEC). The spectra data was applied to obtain information about the soil and climate and terrain variables to simulate the pedologist knowledge in soil-environment interactions. The most 5 appropriate numbers of classes were achieved by the lowest value of AIC applying the clusters analysis, which was defined with 8 classes. A relationship between the SEC and WRB-FAO classes was found. The SEC facilitated the identification of groups with similar characteristics using not only soil but environmental variables for the distinction of the classes. Finally, the conceptual characteristics of the 8 SEC were described. The development of SEC conducted to incorporate applicable soil data for agricultural management, with less interference of personal/subjective/empirical knowledge (such as traditional taxonomic 10 systems), and more reliable on automation measurements by sensors. -
Prediction of Soil Properties for Agricultural and Environmental Applications from Infrared and X-Ray Soil Spectral Properties
Institute of Plant Production and Agroecology in the Tropics and Subtropics University of Hohenheim Field: Global Food Security Prof. Dr. Georg Cadisch (Supervisor) Prediction of soil properties for agricultural and environmental applications from infrared and X-ray soil spectral properties Dissertation Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree "Doktor der Agrarwissenschaften" (Dr.sc.agr. / Ph.D. in Agricultural Sciences) to the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences presented by Towett, Erick Kibet Born on October 3 rd 1981 in Kericho, Kenya 2013 This thesis was accepted as a doctoral dissertation in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree "Doktor der Agrarwissenschaften” by the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences at University of Hohenheim on 31/10/2013 Date of oral examination: 09/12/2013 Examination Committee Supervisor and Review: Prof. Dr. Georg Cadisch Co-Reviewer: Prof. Dr. Torsten Müller Additional examiners: Prof. Dr. Karl Stahr Head of the Committee: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Böttinger. i Contents Abbreviations and acronyms .......................................................................................................v 1.0 Introduction to the thesis .......................................................................................................2 1.1 Background and rationale....................................................................................................2 1.2 Overview of soils in African context ...................................................................................3 -
Application of the Crystallinity Ratio of Free Iron Oxides for Dating Soils
第 四 紀 研 究(The Quaternary Research)41(16)p.485-493 Dec. 2002 Application of the Crystallinity Ratio of Free Iron Oxides for Dating Soils Developed on the Raised Coral Reef Terraces of Kikai and Minami-Daito Islands, Southwest Japan Yuji Maejima*1, Shizuo Nagatsuka*2 and Teruo Higashi*3 Absolute ages of soils developed on the raised coral reef terraces in Kikai Island in the Ryukyus, Southwest Japan were estimated by using the mean rate of tectonic up- lift and glacio-eustatic curve during late Quaternary in the previous paper. In order to estimate the soil age of other areas where the similar soils as those existed in Kikai Island were formed by using the index of soil age, which was highly correlated with some physico-chemical properties of soil itself, total iron (Fet), iron and aluminum extractable by dithionite-citrate (Fed, Ald) and by acid ammonium oxalate (Feo, Alo) were determined for all horizons of the six profiles in Kikai Island. The results obtained are as follows: The crystallinity ratio of free iron oxides [(Fed-Feo)/Fet] gradually increased with the stage of soil development, while the activity ratio (Feo/Fed) decreased. There was a highly positive correlation between the soil age and (Fed-Feo)/Fet. By using this relationship, the ages of Minami-Daito Island soils, Lateritic Red soil and Lateritic Yellow soil whose age had not been determined, were estimated from the mean values of (Fed-Feo)/Fet, as 500±60 ka and 630±110ka, respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that the crystallinity ratio of free iron oxides could be a good index of the degree of soil development and age of Red-colored soils. -
Introduction to Soils and Pedology
Introduction to Soils and Pedology • Coined in mid 19th Century by French scientist • DidDerived from Gree k: pedon=ground, log ia = discour se • “The study, in situ, of the biogeochemical processes that form and dbdistribute soil”ls” • An observational, vs. an experimental, science - nature is the laboratory • Origins attributed to two centers: Russia (Dokuchaev) and Berkeley (Hilgard) Definition of Soils • Many definitions •Soil is part of a continuum of materials at earth’ surface –Soil vs. non-soil at bottom and top –Different soils laterally •Need to divide continuum into systems, or discrete seggyments, for study •Hans Jenny (1930’s) conceptualized soils as physical systems amenable and susceptible to physical variables (STATE FACTORS) ElEcological functions of soil • Supports plant growth • Recycles nutrients and waste • Controls the flow and purity of water • Provid es habit a t for soil organisms • Functions as a building material/base Role of Pedology in Scientific and Societal Problems •Carbon and nitrogen cycles •Are soils part of an unidentified sink for CO2? •What is the effect of agricultural on soil C (and atm CO2)? •Will soils store excess N from human activity? •Chemi st ry of natural waters •How do soils release elements with time and space? •Earth history •‘Paleosols’ and evolution of land plants, atmospheric CO2 records, human evolution •Soils and archaeology •Biodiversity •Is soil diversity analogous to, and complementary to, biodiversity •Microorganisms in soil represent unknown biodiversity resources Soils as a -
Soils As Pacemakers and Limiters of Global Silicate Weathering
Originally published as: Dixon, J. L., von Blanckenburg, F. (2012): Soils as pacemakers and limiters of global silicate weathering. ‐ Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 344, 11 ‐ 12, 597‐609 DOI: 10.1016/j.crte.2012.10.012 Soils as pacemakers and limiters of global silicate weathering Jean L. Dixon1,2 and Friedhelm von Blanckenburg1 1 Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Centre for Geosciences, Telegraphenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany 2 Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA Keywords: chemical weathering, soil production, speed limits, erosion, regolith, river fluxes Comptes rendus – Geosciences 344, 597-609, 2012 Abstract The weathering and erosion processes that produce and destroy regolith are widely recognized to be positively correlated across diverse landscapes. However, conceptual and numerical models predict some limits to this relationship that remain largely untested. Using new global data compilations of soil production and weathering rates from cosmogenic nuclides and silicate weathering fluxes from global rivers, we show that the weathering- erosion relationship is capped by certain ‘speed limits’. We estimate a soil production speed limit of between 320 to 450 t km-2 y-1 and the associated weathering rate speed limit of roughly 150 t km-2 y-1. These limits appear to be valid for a range of lithologies, and also extend to mountain belts, where soil cover is not continuous and erosion rates outpace soil production. We argue that the presence of soil and regolith is a requirement for high weathering fluxes from a landscape, and that rapidly eroding, active mountain belts are not the most efficient sites for weathering.