Empirical Study on Evaluation of Land Intensive Use in Development

2019 International Conference on Energy, Environmental and Civil Engineering (EECE 2019) ISBN: 978-1-60595-645-9

Empirical Study on Evaluation of Land Intensive Use in Development Zone Based on GIS Xiao-li JIAO1,*, Hui-hui ZHU1, Wei SONG2, Rong-jie HE1, Yue SHU1 and Lei LIU1 1School of Public Management, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, Shandong, China 2The Urban Housing at Licheng District in Jinan and the Committee of Municipal and Rural Construction, Jinan, Shandong, China *Corresponding author

Keywords: land intensive use, multifactor comprehensive evaluation, GIS, development zone.

Abstract. As key areas of urban development and land use, development zones play a decisive role in promoting economic and social development, the level of land intensive use in development zones has become the focus of current research. Based on the analysis of general situation in Linyi Economic and Technological Development Zone, this paper used GIS technology and statistical software to evaluate the degree of land intensive use on the basis of remote sensing image maps, cadastral maps and relevant field surveys. The results show that the level of land intensive use is consistent with the actual situation, which proves that the evaluation of land intensive use in development zone based on GIS is efficient and reasonable. Therefore, it can provide reference for the analysis of the level of land intensive use in development zones.

Introduction Evaluation of land intensive use in development zones is to investigate and analyse land use status in development zones and evaluate the degree of land intensive use within the boundary of the development zone approved by the State Council or the people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions or municipality directly under the Central Government. We can fully grasp the situation of land intensive use in development zones and promote the economic and intensive use of land by carrying out evaluation of land intensive use. It can also provide a basis for upgrade of development zones, the audit of location adjustment, dynamic supervision, planning management, and the formulation of relevant policies [1]. Besides, it plays an important role in implementing the strictest land management system and improving the management level of land resources.

Research Area Situation Linyi Economic and Technological Development Zone is located in the southeast of Linyi City, Shandong Province, in the important junction of the Yangtze River Delta and the Bohai Economic Rim, the middle ground between Beijing and Shanghai. Furthermore, Linyi Economic and Technological Development Zone was approved by Shandong Provincial Government in 2003 and upgraded to national economic and technological development zone in 2010 with the approval of the State Council. At present, it has formed seven industry parks including high-end equipment manufacturing industrial park, new energy and new material optoelectronic industrial park, health industry science park, biochemical science and technology park, Linyi Software Park, modern service park and eastern eco-tourism resort. The evaluation object is the scope of Linyi Economic and Technological Development Zone approved by the State Council according to law. The announcement area is 488.00 hm2, while the calculated area is 487.59 hm2. The evaluation time point is 31 December 2017. The corresponding data are from the end of 2017 or the whole year, the economic data are processed according to the

41 principle of spatial correspondence, and the cut plot data follow the principle of proportional distribution.

Steps and Methods Firstly, based on the analysis of general situation in Linyi Economic and Technological Development Zone, this paper used ArcGIS, MAPGIS, Map2Shp and other software to effectively integrate various field survey information so that it can be objectively and comprehensively reflected on the working base map on the basis of 2017 remote sensing image maps, cadastral maps, land management data, overall land use planning and statistical data. Secondly, this paper processed the working base map and figures demanded with strong graphics processing functions of ArcGIS and MAPGIS. Finally, this paper calculated the degree of land intensive use in Linyi Economic and Technological Development Zone by data processing function with EXCEL to sort out and classify the survey data. Determine the Type of Development Zone According to the investigation and analysis of land construction situation, the proportion of industrial mining warehouse land to completed urban construction land in Linyi Economic and Technological Development Zone is 78.44%, while the proportion of residential land is 6.74%. According to "Procedures for the Evaluation of Land Intensive Use in Development Zones", the proportion of industrial mining warehouse land to completed urban construction land in development zone accounts for ≥30% or the proportion of residential land accounts for ≤25%, the development zone is classified as an industrial-oriented development zone. Therefore, Linyi Economic and Technological Development Zone is determined to be an industrial-oriented development zone. Determine Evaluation Indicators and Weights Based on the definition of land intensive use in development zones, the evaluation index system of land intensive use in Linyi Economic and Technological Development Zone can be divided into three levels: target level, sub-target level and index level [2]. The weights of targets, sub-targets and indexes are determined by Delphi method. As shown in Table 1. Table 1. Evaluation indexes and weights of land intensive use. Target Weight Sub-target Weight Index Weight Land supply rate 0.47 Land use degree 0.23 Land completion rate 0.53 Land use structure 0.24 Industrial land use rate 1 Land use Comprehensive plot ratio 0.24 0.72 status Building density 0.22 Comprehensive plot ratio of Land use intensity 0.53 0.28 industrial land Building Coefficient of 0.26 Industrial Land Investment Intensity of Fixed Assets in Industrial 0.5 Land use Input-output Benefits 0.18 1 Land benefit of Industrial Land Average Tax on Industrial 0.5 Land Management Performance of Land 0.1 1 Land idle rate 1 performance Use Supervision

Calculate the Current Value of Indicators This paper gathered and classified the statistics data in the land use status survey database, studied and sorted out the definition and calculation methods of all evaluation indicators, and clarified the

42 dimension of the numerator and denominator of each index. Finally this paper calculated the current value of each indicator in the evaluation index system of land intensive use in Linyi Economic and Technological Development Zone. As shown in Table 2. Determine the Ideal Value of Indicators Ideal value is the ideal level of each evaluation index of land intensive use in development zones at the evaluation time point. It is the goal of land intensive use in development zones. Besides, the ideal value has the function of standardizing the intensive degree evaluation indexes, which is the basis for comparison with the current value of the land intensive use indexes in development zone. The ideal value of this paper was determined by the target value method, empirical reference method and expert consultation method [3]. As shown in Table 2. Table 2. Present value and ideal value of evaluation indexes. Unit: %, ¥10,000 / hm2 Present ideal Target Sub-target Index value value Land supply rate 100 96 Land use degree Land completion rate 100 95 Land use structure Industrial land use rate 83.94 65 Land use status Comprehensive plot ratio 0.66 0.7 Building density 26.64 35 Comprehensive plot ratio of Land use intensity 0.78 1 industrial land Building Coefficient of Industrial 46.12 60 Land Investment Intensity of Fixed Input-output Benefits of 7875.79 6800 Land use benefit Assets in Industrial Land Industrial Land Average Tax on Industrial Land 1151.01 550 Management Performance of Land Use Land idle rate 0 0 performance Supervision

Standardize Indicators The standardization of evaluation indexes adopted the ideal value proportional inference algorithm, which was measured by the index realization score according to the formula (1):

X Sijk 100% ijk T ijk (1) S X Where, ijk is the realization score of the target i sub-target j index k; ijk is the current value of the T target i sub-target j index k; ijk is the ideal value of the target i sub-target j index k. The evaluation index realization score should be between 0 and 100. When it is greater than 100, the realization score is recorded as 100. Calculate Sub-target Score The sub-target scores of the degree of land intensive use in development zones was calculated according to the formula (2):

n Fij S ijk w ijk  k1 (2) F Where, ij is the degree of land intensive use score of target i sub-target j; is the realization w score of target i sub-target j index k; ijk is the Weights value of target i sub-target j index k relative to sub-target j; n is the number of indexes.

43 Calculate Target Score The target score of land intensive use in development zone was calculated according to the formula (3):

n Fi F ij w ij  j1 (3) F F Where, i is the land intensive use degree score of target i; ij is the land intensive use degree w score of target i sub-target j; ij is the Weights value of target i sub-target j relative to target i; n is the number of sub-targets. Calculate Intensive Degree Comprehensive Score The comprehensive score of land intensive use degree in development zone was calculated according to the formula (4):

n F Fii w  i1 (4) Where, F is the comprehensive score of land intensive use degree; is the intensive degree score w [1] of target i; i is the Weights value of target i relative to total goal; n is the number of targets .

Evaluation Results and Analysis According to the indicators Standardize method and the intensive degree score calculation model above, we can get evaluation results. As shown in table 3. Table 3. Evaluation results of land intensive use. Intensive Intensive Intensive Standardized degree Target degree Sub-target degree Index value score score score Land supply rate 100.00 Land use 100.00 Land completion degree 100.00 rate Land use Industrial land use 100.00 100.00 structure rate Comprehensive 94.29 Land use plot ratio 90.04 status Building density 76.11 Land use Comprehensive 81.20 intensity plot ratio of 78.00 industrial land 92.83 Building Coefficient of 76.86 Industrial Land Investment Intensity of Fixed Input-output 100.00 Land use Assets in Industrial 100.00 Benefits of 100.00 benefit Land Industrial Land Average Tax on 100.00 Industrial Land Performance of Management 100.00 Land Use 100.00 Land idle rate 100.00 performance Supervision From the target level, land use benefit and management performance are both full marks. While the score of land use status is the lowest that is only 90.04 points with about 10% improvement space. From the perspective of sub-target level, land use degree, land use structure, input-output

44 benefits of industrial land and performance of land use supervision are all full marks, indicating that land supply and land construction were in good state, economic development and social construction were relatively high, and the disposal of expired land and idle land was outstanding. The score of sub-target land use intensity is 81.20 points, which indicates that there is still much space for improvement in land use intensity. From the index level, the standardized values of land supply rate, land completion rate, industrial land use rate, investment intensity of fixed assets in industrial land, average tax on industrial land and land idle rate are full marks. Meanwhile, the standardized value of the comprehensive plot ratio, the comprehensive plot ratio of industrial land, the building coefficient of industrial land and the building density were 94.29, 78.00, 76.86 and 76.11 points respectively. The four indexes did not reach full marks, indicating that the development zone has still much space for improvement. And these also indicated that the land use intensity is low, the buildings above ground did not actually reach the planning requirements. Based the analysis above, the problems in the development zone were that the score of land use status was too low. Specifically, the comprehensive plot ratio, the building density, the comprehensive plot ratio of industrial land, the building coefficient of industrial land were lower under the sub-target of land use intensity. The reasons are as follows: First of all, the most enterprises in the development zone are large-scale machinery manufacturing enterprises. The large area of the open-air stacking yard and the open-air operation yard led to the low comprehensive plot ratio. Secondly, the large area of the factories and the high proportion of the reserved land inside the enterprises resulted in the low building density. Thirdly, the large area of uncompleted industrial warehouse land, the one-story workshop building of industrial warehouse and the large building space led to the low comprehensive plot ratio of industrial land. Lastly, there were some undeveloped industrial storage land in some enterprises, which led to the low building coefficient of industrial land [4]. In summary, the management measures of Linyi Economic and Technological Development Zone were in place, the intensive level was high, the land management performance was outstanding, the degree of land use was high, the potential was great and the land use efficiency was continuously improved. However, there are also some problems, such as low building density, low comprehensive plot ratio and low overall industrial land use. According to the evaluation results, in the future management process, the development zone should broaden the land supply channels and increase the industrial land area, implement land classification management to improve land use efficiency, encourage enterprise technology upgrades and tap the potential of land expansion, expand the land supply intensity continuously and strict land supply standards, track and inspect the new land supply, speed up project construction, strengthen the management of inefficient land use and reserved land, upgrade to form industrial clusters cooperate with structural optimization, supervise and support enterprise transformation, improve input-output benefits of industrial land, and establish the land intensive use evaluation dynamic renewal system [5].

Conclusion This paper calculated the degree of land intensive use in Linyi Economic and Technological Development Zone with GIS and Statistical software on the basis of 2017 remote sensing image maps, cadastral maps, land management data, overall land use planning, statistical data and relevant field surveys. The results showed that the land construction rate, the industrial land use rate and the industrial land fixed asset input intensity of the development zone were higher. While the building density and the building coefficient of industrial land were lower. These were consistent with the development and construction of the development zone in recent years. At the same time, it is also proved that the evaluation of land intensive use of development zone based on GIS is efficient and reasonable. Therefore, it can provide reference for the analysis of land intensive use in development zones.

45 Acknowledgments This paper was financially supported by the 2018 Research Program of Shandong Colleges (Humanities and Social Sciences) (J18RA063) “Construction of land use model of National Park based on multi subjects and functional zoning”, the Project of Youth Dr. Special academic support of Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Shandong Natural Science Foundation “Research on the Balance/Synergy Mechanism of National Park Functional Evolution from the perspective of multi subjects” and 2016 key support program for young backbone teachers overseas training of Shandong University of Finance and Economics.

References [1] Ministry of Land and Resources 2014 Development Zone Land Intensive Use Evaluation Procedure. [2] Zhiye Guo 2019 Evaluation of Land Intensive Use in Jingyue Development Zone of Changchun City Farm Staff vol. 1 p. 15. [3] Jing Wang 2018 Comparative study on evaluation methods of land intensive use in development zones-a case study of Huaiji industrial transfer park (Guangzhou: South China Agricultural University). [4] Huishun Zhao, Chao Chen, and Zhenqi Hu et al. 2018 Evaluation of urban land intensive use and analysis of obstacles in the North Slope Economic Belt of Tianshan Mountain Journal of Agricultural Engineering vol. 10 pp. 258-266. [5] Qian Qian, Haiyan Liu, Xinqi Zheng 2019 A Regional Sustainable Intensive Land Use Evaluation Based on Ecological Constraints: A Case Study in Jinan City Sustainability vol. 5 pp. 1- 20.