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Univerzita Hradec Králové Filozofická Fakulta Katedra Politologie

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Univerzita Hradec Králové Filozofická Fakulta Katedra Politologie Univerzita Hradec Králové Filozofická fakulta Katedra politologie Problematika politického stranictví v Zimbabwe a Namibii Diplomová práce Autor: Bc. Kateřina Račoková Studijní program: N6701 Politologie Studijní obor: Politologie – africká studia Vedoucí práce: doc. PhDr. Vlastimil Fiala, CSc. Hradec Králové 2014 Univerzita Hradec Králové Filozofická fakulta Zadání diplomové práce Autor: Bc. Kateřina Račoková Studijní program: N6701 Politologie Studijní obor: Politologie – africká studia Problematika politického stranictví v Název závěrečné práce: Zimbabwe a Namibii Název závěrečné práce The Issue of Political Partisanship in Zimbabwe and AJ: Namibia Cíl, metody, literatura, předpoklady: Zimbabwe neboli Republika Zimbabwe, je stát, který byl ve své době pokládán za vzor úspěšného přechodu k nezávislému státu, když v roce 1980 získal nezávislost na Velké Británii. Namibie, africký stát, který v roce 1990 jako jeden z posledních získal nezávislost na Jihoafrické republice. Cílem diplomové práce je analýza, v české literatuře doposud nezpracovaná, problematiky politického stranictví Zimbabwe a Namibie od získání politické nezávislosti po současnost se zaměřením na vládní strany (SWAPO v Namibii a ZANU-PF v Zimbabwe). K tomuto účelu poslouží zmapování formování hlavních politických uskupení. V práci budou analyzovány aspekty politického stranictví obou států – výsledky voleb, stranická struktura a obměna elit. Společný historický vývoj států umožní jednotlivé aspekty a danou problematiku komparovat. Základní výzkumnou metodou diplomové práce je především obsahová analýza dostupných dat a literatury, která je doplněna komparací. Literatura: Cliffe, Lionel a Stoneman, Colin. 1989. Zimbabwe: Politics, economics and society. London: Pinter Publisher. Hulec, Otakar. 2008. Dějiny Zimbabwe, Zambie a Malawi. Praha: Nakladatelství Lidové noviny. Kaapama, Phanuel. 2007. Consolidating Democratic Governance in Southern Africa: Namibia. Auckland Park: EISA. Klíma, Jan. 2009. Namibie. Praha: Libri. Olša, Jaroslav, jr. 2007. „Zimbabwe mezi Mugabem a Tsvangiraiem.“ Mezinárodní politika 31, č. 5, 27-30. Sachikonye, Lloyd M. Consolidating Democratic Governance in Southern Africa: Zimbabwe. Auckland Park: EISA. Dostupné na: http://www.eisa.org.za/PDF/rr30.pdf. (2. 5. 2013). Garantující pracoviště: Katedra politologie, Filozofická fakulta Vedoucí práce: doc. PhDr. Vlastimil Fiala, CSc. Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem tuto diplomovou práci zpracovala samostatně (pod vedením vedoucího práce) a uvedla jsem všechny použité prameny a literaturu. V Hradci Králové dne 31. 12. 2014 ................................................... Kateřina Račoková Poděkování Děkuji vedoucímu doc. PhDr. Vlastimilu Fialovi, Csc. za pomoc při zpracování této diplomové práce, především pak za rady, připomínky a poskytnutí odborných článků a publikací, které byly nezbytné pro vypracování práce. Anotace Račoková, Kateřina. 2014. Problematika politického stranictví v Zimbabwe a Namibii. Hradec Králové: Univerzita Hradec Králové, Filozofická fakulta, Katedra politologie. Diplomová práce. Republika Zimbabwe byla ve své době pokládána za vzor úspěšného přechodu k nezávislému státu, když v roce 1980 získala nezávislost na Velké Británii. Namibijská republika jako jeden z posledních afrických států získala nezávislost v roce 1990 na Jihoafrické republice. Tato práce se zaměřuje na v české literatuře doposud nezpracovanou analýzu problematiky politického stranictví v Zimbabwe a Namibii od získání politické nezávislosti po současnost. Analýza je zaměřena na vládnoucí politické strany (zimbabwskou ZANU-PF a namibijské SWAPO). V práci budou analyzovány vybrané aspekty politického stranictví – výsledky a charakter voleb, stranická struktura a obměna elit. Díky podobnému historickému a politickému vývoji obou států bude možné v závěru jednotlivé aspekty a politické stranictví v Namibii a Zimbabwe komparovat. Klíčová slova: predominantní politická strana, hegemonická politická strana, SWAPO, ZANU-PF Annotation Račoková, Kateřina. 2014. The Issue of Political Partisanship in Zimbabwe and Namibia. Hradec Králové: University of Hradec Králové, Faculty of Arts, Department of Politics. Diploma Dissertation. In its time the Republic of Zimbabwe was considered a successful example of transition to an independent state when it gained the independence from Great Britain in 1980. The Republic of Namibia was one of the last African states that gained independence from South Africa in 1990. This diploma dissertation focuses on analysis of the issue of political partisanship in Zimbabwe and Namibia since the independence to the present. The analysis is focused on ruling political parties (Zimbabwe´s ZANU-PF and Namibia´s SWAPO). Chosen aspects of political partisanship, such as elections results and character of elections, party structure and changing of elites will be analyzed in this work. Similar historical and political development of both states allows us to compare the aspects of the political partisanship in Zimbabwe and Namibia. Key words: predominant political party, hegemonic political party, SWAPO, ZANU- PF Obsah Seznam užitých zkratek............................................................................................. 9 Úvod .......................................................................................................................... 12 1 Teoretické ukotvení .............................................................................................. 18 1.1 Teorie stran a stranických systémů podle Giovanniho Sartoriho.................... 18 1.2 Další teoretické přístupy k výzkumu afrických politických stran..................... 25 2 Politický a stranický vývoj................................................................................... 35 2.1Namibie ............................................................................................................. 35 2.1.1 Před získáním nezávislosti (1884-1989): německá okupace, jihoafrická nadvláda a snahy o nezávislost Namibie............................................................ 35 2.1.2 Po získání nezávislosti (1990-2012): Namibijská republika..................... 43 2.2 Zimbabwe ......................................................................................................... 47 2.2.1 Před získáním nezávislosti (1895-1980): správa Britské jihoafrické společnosti, federace s Rhodesií a Ňaskem, Rhodeská republika ...................... 47 2.2.2 Po získání nezávislosti (1980-2013): Republika Zimbabwe..................... 62 3 Hlavní politické strany – SWAPO, ZANU-PF ................................................... 70 3.1 SWAPO............................................................................................................. 70 3.1.1 Volby 1898 – 2009 .................................................................................... 70 3.1.2 Obměna elit ............................................................................................... 82 3.1.3 Členská základna a elektorát ..................................................................... 84 3.2 ZANU................................................................................................................ 86 3.2.1 Volby 1980 – 2013 .................................................................................... 86 3.2.2 Obměna elit ............................................................................................. 103 3.2.3 Členská základna a elektorát ................................................................... 105 Závěr ....................................................................................................................... 107 Seznam použitých pramenů a literatury ............................................................. 112 Prameny ............................................................................................................... 113 Tištěné .............................................................................................................. 113 Internetové zdroje............................................................................................. 113 Literatura ............................................................................................................. 118 Odborné články, reporty, studie ....................................................................... 118 Knihy ................................................................................................................ 120 Seznam užitých zkratek BSAC (British South Africa Company) Britská jihoafrická společnost CAZ (Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe) Zimbabwská konzervativní aliance CAC (Central African Council) Středoafrický výbor CLA (Caprivi Liberation Army) Caprivijská osvobozenecká armáda CoD (Congress of Democrats) Kongres demokratů CP (Confederate Party) Konfederační strana DP (Dominion Party) Dominiální strana DTA (Democratic Turnhalle Alliance) Demokratická turnhallská aliance EC (Executive Council) Výkonná rada FCN (Federal Convention of Namibia) Federální shromáždění Namibie FDU (Federal Democratic Union) Federální demokratický svaz FP (Federal Party) Federální strana FPZ (Forum Party Zimbabwe) Zimbabwská strana Fórum GPA (Global Political Agreement) Globální politická dohoda JAR Jihoafrická republika JAU Jihoafrická unie LA (Legislative Assembly) Zákonodárné shromáždění LC (Legislative Council) Zákonodárná rada LP (Labour Party) Labouristická strana MAG (Monitor Action Group) Monitorovací akční skupina MDC (Movement for Democratic Change) Hnutí za demokratickou
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