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CENTRAL AFRICAN FEDERATION by ; Y: Mohini Chaddah Pal a Thesis Central African Federation Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Pai, Mohini Chaddah, 1934- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 05/10/2021 12:48:55 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/318873 CENTRAL AFRICAN FEDERATION by ; y: Mohini Chaddah Pal A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF GOVERNMENT In Partial Fulfillment;of the Requirements - For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS In the Graduate College .UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of require­ ments for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under the rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in their judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholar­ ship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: / 'V 7- 9 / APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: R. A. Gomez Associate Professor of Government ' ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This thesis would not. have been possible but for the patience t careful direction'/ and erudition of Dr „ Rv A« Gomez, Department of Government at the University of Arizona, and of Dr. Peter Duignan, Curat or. of Africa Collection at the Hoover Institute. For these and long-hours they expended, reading the draft, I offer them my most grateful thanks. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION „ o o o ,p o o o -o 0 ,0 o o o o - d ,.oo o © o o o o- o o o o 6 o o 6 o d d o o o o CHAPTER I . THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONTEXT ' 6 . EC o o o o e d o « o o o o • o o o o o o o o q o o o. o ;e o e o o p 6 e 6 o • e o o 8 - NATIVE POI,IOIES AND SOOiAL IMPLICATIONS. „. 8 EUROPEAN ATTITUDES . ............ i .............. " ' 13 AFRICAN ATTITUDES . *■...... p....... .a............ 1.0. CHAPTER II ; ■ th e •Road to fed er a tio n „............,.............. *..... 18 I N THE STRUGGLE FOR AMALGAMATION .............. 18 Qrmsby-Gore Commission„..................... 21 ■ , ‘ Hilton Young Commission.. ...... .... 22 Meeting at VictOrialFalls A January 1936 . 25 '' ; The Bledisloe Commission . ............' 1 26 Concept of Partnership =... ........».«......... 29 y The Central African Council-1945........ „.... 31 II. THE STRUGGLE FOR FEDERATION . .«.. i. .w .... 35 Victoria Falls Conference of. May 1951 .... 36 The Lancaster House Conference, April 23, 1952 . 43 The Draft Federal Scheme....................... 50 TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Page I I . THE STRUGGLE'FOR FEDERATION.(continued) - The Carlton House Terrace Conference, . ! January-February, 1953 Y,. = J <,Y«'o.»««» : 52 ■ •• CHAPTER III THE CONSTITUTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE FEDERATION> / 62 THE SECUTIVE, :. vo. oV . o o o... .. .......... » 62 THE FEDERAL LEGISLATURE............................ 65 Structure.............. .. .. .. ■ ©... ........65 Sessions of the Assembly ..........»....... 70 THE DIVISION OF POWERS ....... ........... ... 70 Eff ect of Federal and Territorial Laws on One Another 78 JUDI CIAR Y . 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 . O . ■ O' O 0 . O O O O O O O O O O . .' . O . O . ' 0 ' ■ -79' Structure.. •.......,.. .,.■. *..................,«. 79 - JUfl S dlCtl On . 0 . 0 . O O. @ . O .' O'. O O 6 . -O O'. .. O O O O - 8 0 Afr ic a n Affairs board .............,............... 84 PROVISION FOR AMENDIvrENT ;......................... -85 GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. ....... '......... .... .. 86 ■ ' CHAPTER IV ’EDERATION IN ACTION. .......; . „. o............... .V 94 DIVISION OF POWERS . ...■. .r«..............». ■ 96 AFRICAN AFFAIRS BOARD ........... i . .•.... .........;.. 100 '. ■ TABLE OP CONTENTS (continued) / * " ■ . • Page AFRICAN AFFAIRS BOARD (continued) ' ' v ; . The Board’s Ineffectiveness .. ... „ „. =.«. ........ 101 The Cohstitutioh Amendment Bill: 1957..-.. „. „.... ' 104 ■ ^ The E lectoral Bill: 1958 ..... „.... 104 Arguments For and Against the Bills .............. 108 THE FEDERAL CIVIL SERVICE ....... .......A........ 119 GENERAL OBSERVATIONS ....... 127 • CHAPTER V POLITICAL PARTIES AND ORGANIZATIONS ........................ " 130 AFRICAN POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS ..... ■ 136 . ' Northern Rhodesian African Congress .............. 139 . United National Independence Party .............. 142 The Nyasaland African Cong re's s . „ .,......."... 142 Malawi C ongress. , > ....:..... .... .1 . , „ 143 Southern Rhodesian African Congress ..... ....... 147 National Democratic Party . ..................... 149 General pbservatiO ns. 150 EUROPEAN. POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS ................. 151 United Federal Party..... .,....... ... ........ ... ' 151 Dominion Party........................«........ 153 Central Africa Party .... „.... „....... „............ 156 Commonwealth Party ................ „'F. „. .., V... • 157 General Observations ................ ......... 158 M L E OF CONfEMTS' (continued) ^ ^ /: ^.';;; p^ e CHAPTER VI • ■ ■ • C* C3 LU SI C)I'IS 000000*0® 0 0©0e® 00 0 0 000®00000 0 00000© 0 0 0-0 060 ® 160 SI B 1)1 I I b o o ch o p o o o ® o o o o ® © o 6 d o o o © ® o ® o o d o o © o ©.- o » » o o © e o o o 16 4 © Pub.lio I3oc]Liiii©^ri*ts © 0 © © © © © © © © © © © .© © © © © © © © © © .© © © © © © © 164 ■ S.© Books , 6 © b © o’ © © © © © © o o o o © © o © © © © © © © o © © © © © © d. © .© © © © 166 C* *® B enodiqals ® ® .© © © © ©o©©©©©®©©© © ® © © ® © © © © © © © © * © © © © © 167 I-) © Bam.pliloiS' © © © © © * © © © © © © © © © ® o © © © © © © © © © © © © © ©^ © ® ,o o . »■ 168 So JMavvspapaz*s_ © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © * © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 168 . F© y n p u b lls bed M aterial © © © © © © © © © © © © © * © © © © © © © ® © ® © © © 169 TABLES Page -0 1 1 ■ " Tlfl©- P Q Opl-6 ■ o 0Oo o. a • e o o 0*00 ® o o o o o e o o e o • o o o o© ;:f'o 7 Table 2 Constitmtion of the Federal Assembly . "" . m 19 5 3 vadd' 10 5 S ..b o-o o v »•• © © © .a o © © © © © * ,© © © © ©. 68 Table 3 f Territorial Electoral Rolls: 1957 © ©, © ©. © ' 107 Table 4 ' Estimates of Potential Voters in 1958 Under the New Electoral Proposals „»„ . • 107 viii INTRODUCTION The federgl form of government and its institutions have certain unique characteristics which make it possible for diverse communities or- territories to unite to govern themselves While retaining independence in certain respects „ The federal principle is the process of dividing powers between a central authority and its territorial components so that the general and the regional governments are each, within a/sphere, coordi- ■ nhte and independent 0 , Every citizen has a definite relationship to the federal as well as to the territorial institutions, and.he must learn to live with a dual loyalty „ Furthermore, a federal system must be democratic = For if it were not desired that people should govern themselves through authorities that are independent and coordinate, within a sphere, there, would be no need for a federal government since autocracy would not be inhibited by size and diversity „ : . • A federal government is appropriate only when the coinmunities, and their leaders, of the states concerned desire to be under a. single ^K. C. Wheare, Federal.Government (London: Oxford University Press, 1946), p. 11. ' ‘ • ' ' ' ' ^ independent goyernment for some purposes „ For it seems clear that if states should desire to control the general authority, "they have not achieved the first pre-requisite of federal government, " - An alliance, a confederation or a league is appropriate for them,- but not federal , , 4 . ' ‘ • government o , . The desire to be under a single independent federal government is not enough howevero They must desire, concomitantly, to retain.or to establish independent regional governments in some matters at least It is also essential that they .must not only desire it; they must be able to operate it . For only such a capacity can help to translate the aspi­ rations and demands of the people into effective policies, on which the life of the system depends«, Another factor of prime importance is that all the governments concerned must possess* Sufficient economic resources to support both an independent general government and independent regional governments • 2Ibido/ pc 35 o " / . a” ^Ibid0, p„ 36, ' 5Ibide ■ ' , 6Ibid. ■ ■ 7! b y . ■ 8Ibid'0, p. 53 ' . • . ... : ; An Independent judiciary is of vital necessity in a federal govern­ ment o The function of the courts, and especially the supreme court, extends beyond the mere question of determining disputes about the division Of powers between general and regional governments. Through their interpretation of the whole federal constitution and of the ordinary . law, they invariably exercise an integrating influence which, because it is gradual and imperceptible, is of the greatest importance „ *0 ^ These are then the main character!stics which go into the making of a federal government„ However, -minor variations may occur in the spirit of a federaT commhnity and in the details of its
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