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Van Zuid-Rhodesië Tot Zimbabwe Opleiding Afrikaanse Talen en Culturen Academiejaar 2000-2001 Van Zuid-Rhodesië tot Zimbabwe. Een vergelijkende studie tussen de krijgstheorie van Generaal Vo Nguyen Giap en de onafhankelijkheidsstrijd in Zuid-Rhodesië. Promotor: Prof. Dr. Luc François Verhandeling, voorgelegd voor het behalen van de graad van licentiaat in de Afrikaanse Talen en Culturen door Milena De Wael. Ik ondergetekende, Milena DE WAEL, verleen hierbij de toestemming om dit werk, waarvan ik de auteur ben, getiteld ‘Van Zuid-Rhodesië tot Zimbabwe. Een vergelijkende studie tussen de krijgstheorie van Generaal Vo Nguyen Giap en de onafhankelijkheidsstrijd in Zuid-Rhodesië’, te raadplegen in de context van wetenschappelijke activiteiten. Gent, augustus 2001. Dankwoord Dankwoord Een verhandeling schrijf je alleen… Maar wie deelt je gedachtekronkels? Waar vind je informatie? Wie blijft naast je staan als je maanden nagelbijtend op die stapel boeken wacht? Wie is zo lief om zijn computer ter beschikking te stellen? Waar vind je een corrector die nauwgezet je schrijfsels naleest? De aanvang van mijn licentiaatverhandeling lijkt mij dé plaats om iedereen te bedanken die me de afgelopen maanden heeft bijgestaan. Zonder hen zou deze verhandeling nooit geworden zijn wat ze nu is. Ik wens mijn promotor, Prof. Dr. Luc François, te bedanken voor de nuttige tips bij het opzoeken en verwerken van informatie, voor het nalezen van het werk en voor zijn snelle en adequate oplossingen daar waar de problemen me plots boven het hoofd stegen. Een woord van dank gaat ook uit naar mijn ouders. Hun logistieke ondersteuning ontnam me de vrees dat ik zou sterven van honger en dorst. Ik kon ook op een heleboel vrienden rekenen. Ze hebben zich spontaan aangeboden om alles na te lezen, te verbeteren en me te helpen met de lay-out. Ik wil jullie dan ook hartelijk danken, Bernard Grymonpon, Frank Louwers, Francis Michels, Filip Rooms en Louis-Philippe Van Cauwenberge. Sofie Van den Bogaert krijgt een pluimpje voor haar geslaagde ‘Hoe sta ik een klasgenoot met thesisstress bij?’. Bart en Gudrun De Waele-Rombaut verdienen ook een plaatsje in dit dankwoord. Bij hen kon ik steeds ‘thuiskomen’ en ze stonden me bij met raad en daad. Tot slot, maar niet in het minst, wil ik Robby Haelterman bedanken. Niet enkel zijn hulp bij het verbeteren, maar vooral zijn oneindige geduld, was een immense steun voor mij. Aan iedereen die me geholpen heeft – op welke manier ook: hartelijk bedankt! Milena De Wael – augustus 2001 3 Inhoudstafel Inhoudstafel DANKWOORD...................................................................................................................3 INHOUDSTAFEL...............................................................................................................4 LIJST VAN DE GEBRUIKTE AFKORTINGEN EN ACRONIEMEN ...........................7 INLEIDING.......................................................................................................................10 DEEL I: BEKNOPTE INLEIDING TOT HET KRIJGSGEBEUREN...........................14 1 INLEIDING..................................................................................................................16 2 STRATEGIE EN TACTIEK............................................................................................16 3 PRINCIPES EN REGELS VAN DE KRIJGSKUNST ...........................................................17 3.1 WAAR ZIJN DIE REGELS ONTSTAAN EN HOE ZAT HET MET DE OVERLEVERING? ......17 3.2 PRINCIPES EN REGELS VAN DE KRIJGSKUNST .........................................................18 4 ‘GUERRILLA’.............................................................................................................22 4.1 TERMINOLOGIE.....................................................................................................22 4.2 GUERRILLA DOOR DE EEUWEN HEEN IN THEORIE EN PRAKTIJK ..............................22 DEEL II: VO NGUYEN GIAP .........................................................................................31 1 INLEIDING..................................................................................................................33 2 GIAP EN ZIJN VOORGANGERS....................................................................................33 3 BEWOGEN JAREN: HET LEVEN VAN GENERAAL GIAP...............................................34 4 DE KRIJGSTHEORIE VAN GENERAAL GIAP ...............................................................41 4.1 INLEIDING.............................................................................................................41 4.2 DE REVOLUTIONAIRE OORLOG ..............................................................................43 4.3 OPLOSSEN VAN VERSCHEIDENE PROBLEMEN.........................................................58 4 Inhoudstafel DEEL III: VAN ZUID-RHODESIË TOT ZIMBABWE .................................................63 1 INLEIDING..................................................................................................................65 2 GEOGRAFISCHE EN FYSISCHE SITUERING.................................................................65 2.1 LIGGING ...............................................................................................................65 2.2 TOPOGRAFISCHE ZONES ........................................................................................65 2.3 VEGETATIE TEN DIENSTE VAN DE BEVRIJDINGSTROEPEN: HET SILINDA- EN BUNGAWOUD ......................................................................................................................66 3 VAN ZUID-RHODESIË TOT ZIMBABWE: EEN HISTORISCH OVERZICHT.....................67 3.1 PERIODE VOOR DE BRITSE KOLONISATIE ...............................................................67 3.2 VAN DE BRITSE KOLONISATIE TOT DE UNILATERALE ONAFHANKELIJKHEIDSVERKLARING VAN RHODESIË ............................................................69 3.3 VAN DE UNILATERALE ONAFHANKELIJKHEIDSVERKLARING TOT HET ONAFHANKELIJKE ZIMBABWE..............................................................................................74 4 OVERZICHT VAN DE VERSCHILLENDE POLITIEKE PARTIJEN IN ZUID-RHODESIË ....83 4.1 DEMOCRATIC PARTY (DP)....................................................................................83 4.2 NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC PARTY (NDP)................................................................83 4.3 ZIMBABWE AFRICAN PEOPLE’S UNION (ZAPU) ....................................................84 4.4 RHODESIAN FRONT (RF).......................................................................................86 4.5 ZIMBABWE AFRICAN NATIONAL UNION (ZANU)..................................................88 4.6 PEOPLE’S CARETAKER COUNCIL (PCC) ................................................................89 4.7 UNITED PEOPLE’S PARTY (UPP) ...........................................................................90 4.8 CENTRE PARTY (CP).............................................................................................90 4.9 NATIONAL PEOPLE’S UNION (NPU) ......................................................................91 4.10 FRONT FOR THE LIBERATION OF ZIMBABWE (FROLIZI)......................................91 4.11 AFRICAN NATIONAL COUNCIL (ANC) – UNITED AFRICAN NATIONAL COUNCIL (UANC) 91 4.12 PATRIOTIC FRONT (PF) .......................................................................................93 4.13 ZIMBABWE UNITED PEOPLE’S ORGANISATION (ZUPO).......................................94 5 OVERZICHT VAN DE VERSCHILLENDE MILITAIRE GROEPERINGEN IN ZUID- RHODESIË...........................................................................................................................94 5.1 RHODESISCHE STRIJDKRACHTEN...........................................................................95 5.2 ZIMBABWE AFRICAN NATIONAL LIBERATION ARMY (ZANLA) ..........................100 5.3 ZIMBABWE PEOPLE’S REVOLUTIONARY ARMY (ZIPRA).....................................105 5.4 ZIMBABWE PEOPLE’S ARMY (ZIPA) ...................................................................110 6 FASERING VAN DE GUERRILLA- EN CONTRAGUERRILLA-ACTIVITEITEN IN RHODESIË 111 5 Inhoudstafel DEEL IV: VERGELIJKING TUSSEN DE KRIJGSTHEORIE VAN GENERAAL GIAP EN DE ONAFHANKELIJKHEIDSSTRIJD IN ZUID-RHODESIË ..................122 1 INLEIDING................................................................................................................124 2 VERGELIJKING OP MACRONIVEAU..........................................................................124 3 VERGELIJKING OP MICRONIVEAU...........................................................................128 3.1 ZAPU-ZIPRA ....................................................................................................128 3.2 ZANU-ZANLA..................................................................................................131 3.3 ZIPA ..................................................................................................................134 CONCLUSIE...................................................................................................................136 BIBLIOGRAFIE .............................................................................................................138 BIJLAGEN......................................................................................................................146 1 VERTALINGEN CITATEN DEEL II.............................................................................147 1.1 CITAAT VAN GIAP: P. 42 .....................................................................................147
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