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The Cultural Notes on the Life of Christ

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The Cultural Notes on the Life of Christ 1 The Cultural Notes on the Life of Christ These pages contain the essential cultural notes to aid the reader in understanding the historical, cultural and Jewish issues that shaped the ministry environment of Jesus. All notes were derived from a larger study known as the Mysteries of the Messiah at www.MysteriesOfTheMessiah.com Written by William H. Heinrich Translated by ____________ Updated December 7, 2015 JESUS TEACHING IN THE TEMPLE by Lillie A. Faris. The essential cultural notes from Mysteries of the Messiah were condensed into this eBook for the sole purpose of making it available to translators, who will translate it for their people groups. Please feel free to download a copy and let us know that you are translating it. When finished, please send us a copy so we can post it on our website for others to use. In His Service and Yours, William H. “Bill” Heinrich, D.Min. 2 The purpose of this eBook is to explain the important persons and events that influenced the cultural setting in which Jesus lived and ministered. It presents only the most significant passages and questions related to history, culture, and religious issues of His day. Our goal is to provide a basic study guide on the life of Christ that is suitable for translation into numerous languages so the whole world may obtain a better understanding of our Lord Jesus and His ministry as presented in the gospels. Heinrich, William H., 1947- Mysteries of the Messiah / by William H. Heinrich Published by Evidence of Truth Ministries, Inc. P O Box 1, Witmer, PA 17585-0001 United States Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data: 1. First Century Judaism 2. Biblical History 3. Roman History 4. Theology 5. Hermeneutics and Apologetics 6. Ancient Middle East Cultural Studies 7. Biographical references © 1997 – 2015 by William H. Heinrich. All Rights Reserved All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced for commercial purposes without the prior permission of the publisher, except as follows: Individuals may copy and paste a section or download the entire eBook for the purpose of private study, research, or for classroom use. Appropriate credit (title of this website/eBook and author’s name) must be given. Any fees charged must be limited to paper and ink and additional fees shall be considered an infringement of international copyright. Fair Use Statement This site may contain copyrighted materials, the use of which has not always been specifically authorized by the original copyright owners. We are making their material available in an effort to advance understanding of environmental, political, human rights, economic, democratic, and social justice issues, etc. of the subject matter. We believe this constitutes a ‘fair use’ of any such copyrighted material as provided for in section 107 of the US Copyright Law. While every effort has been made to trace copyright holders and seek permission to use illustrative material, 3 the author and publisher apologize for any inadvertent errors or omissions and would be glad to rectify these in future editions. In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107, the material on this site is distributed without profit to those who have expressed an interest in receiving the included information for research and educational purposes. If you wish to use copyrighted materials from this site for purposes of your own that go beyond ‘fair use’, you must obtain permission from the copyright owners. Unless otherwise noted, all Scripture quotations are taken from the Holman Christian Standard Bible, a/k/a HCSB®, Copyright © 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2009 by Holman Bible Publishers. Used by permission. HCSB® is a federally registered trademark of Holman Bible Publishers. Author’s Note: Every section of this eBook has a reference number, such as 03.01.03. For more information on the subject related to this section, go to the English edition of www.MysteriesOfTheMessiah.com, click on to “This Book and More,” and the first eBook listed is Mysteries of the Messiah. Then type 03.01.03 in your search bar and you will quickly find more information on this topic. “It is good to be highly educated; it is better to be educated from on high; but it is best to be both.” - Author Unknown 4 Table of Contents Old Testamental Period 03.01.03 c. 2100 - 1850 B.C. Abraham 03.01.05 1446 B.C. The Exodus; the Torah; Moses and Balaam Predict the Redeemer 03.02.01 1049-931 B.C. The United Monarchy 03.02.04 733 B.C. Israel Falls to the Assyrians; Israelites deported to the East; 723 B.C. Israel ends 03.02.08 605 B.C. Judah Falls to the Babylonians; First deportation of Jews to Babylon 03.02.14 539/538 B.C. Babylon Falls to the Persians (Persian Empire 539-331 B.C.) 03.02.15 723 - 539 BC: Summary of Significant Developments of Assyrian and Babylonian Captivities 03.03.01 538 - 444 B.C. Exiles Return to Judah; Temple Reconstruction Begins Inter-Testamental Period 03.04.01 Introduction 03.04.05 334 – 63 B.C. Alexander the Great and the Hellenistic Period 03.04.09 323 B.C. Death of Alexander the Great 03.04.17 176-164 B.C. Antiochus IV Epiphanes, King of Syria Controls Jerusalem 03.04.20 167 B.C. The Maccabean Revolt; Hanukkah – 25 Years of Military Battles and Guerrilla War Begins 03.05.02 164 B.C. December; Temple Consecrated; Sanhedrin Resumes 03.05.12 Summary Influence of “Hellenistic Reform” (331 – 63 B.C.) that Shaped Jewish Life in the First Century 03.05.33 Summary of the Messianic Expectations and Political Tensions among Various People Groups at the Time of Jesus. 03.06.04 4 B.C. The Death of Herod the Great 04.01.01 Introduction: The World Stage is Set; John’s Prologue 04.01.04 Luke 1:1-4 Introduction by Luke 04.02.02 Matthew 1:1-17 The Genealogy of Jesus as Recorded by Matthew 04.03.04.Q1 Why was it Important for Mary to Visit Elizabeth? 04.03.08 Matthew 1:18-25 Joseph is told of Mary’s Conception 04.03.08.Q2 Why could Joseph not have Stoned Mary to Death (Mt. 1:18-25)? 04.03.10.Q1 Where was Jesus Born? 5 04.04.01 Lk. 2:15-20 Bethlehem Shepherds Honor the Infant Jesus 04.04.06.Q1 How does the Prophecy in Matthew 2:6 agree with Micah 5:2? 04.04.06.Q3 Was the Star of Bethlehem really a Star? 04.04.06.Q4 Who were the Wise Men/Magi? 04.04.07 Matthew 2:9-12 Bethlehem, the Magi Honor Jesus 04.06.02 Luke 2:41-50 Jerusalem: Jesus Visits the Temple 04.06.02.Q1 Luke 2:41-50 How did Jesus attain the Incredible Knowledge that He displayed at the Temple when He was merely 12 years old? 04.07.01.Q1 What kind of Work did Jesus, as a Carpenter, do between His childhood years and when He began His Ministry? 05.01.02 Luke 3:1-6 (See also Mt. 3:1-3; Mk. 1:2-4) The Wilderness near Jordan, A.D. 26 05.01.03 Matthew 3:4 John Baptizes the Believers 05.02.02 Luke 3:15-18 (see also Mt. 3:11-12; Mk. 1:7-8) John Announces the Christ 05.02.03.Q2 Luke 3:23 Why did Jesus have to wait past Age 30 to Begin His Ministry? 05.04.02 John 1:35-51 The First Disciples 05.04.02.Q1 What were the Jewish Expectations of the Messiah? 05.05.02 John 2:1-11 The Wedding in Cana 05.05.02.Q3 John 2:1-11 Did the Wine that Jesus created contain Alcohol? 05.05.05 John 3:1-21 Jerusalem: Jesus met an Inquiring Rabbi Nicodemus and His New Birth 05.05.05.Q2 How could an Evil Symbol of a Snake of Numbers 21:4-9 be associated with Jesus Crucified upon a Cross? 06.01.03 John 4:4-26 The Village of Sychar: The Samaritan Woman 06.03.08 Mark 1:40-45 (see also Mt. 8:1-4; Lk. 5:12-16) The Leper is Healed – A Messianic Miracle 06.01.08.Q2 Is there a Difference within the Phrases “Kingdom of God/Heaven?” 06.03.08.Q2 Why did Jesus heal the Man, but not declare Forgiveness of his Sins? 06.03.08.Q3 What were the Three “Messianic Miracles” that First Century Jews believed the Messiah would Perform? 6 06.03.10 Mark 2:6-12 (see also Mt. 9:3-8; Lk. 5:21-26) Capernaum: Scribes Question Authority of Jesus 07.01.02 Luke 5:29-30 (see also Mt. 9:12-13; Mk. 2:15-17) Eating with Sinners 07.01.04 John 5:1-15 Jerusalem: Sabbath Healing at Pool of Bethesda 07.01.04.Q1 John 5:1-15 What is the Significance of this Invalid Man having Suffered for Thirty-Eight Years? 07.03.03 Luke 6:12-16 (See also Mk. 3:13-19) Jesus Appoints 12 Disciples 07.03.03.Q1 Do the Gospels agree on the Names of the Disciples? 08.01.04 Matthew 5:17-20 Law and Gospel 08.04.05 Matthew 7:7-12 08.02.02 Luke 16:14-18 Pharisees Scoff at Parable; Divorce Issues 08.02.03 Matthew 5:31-32 (see also Mt. 19:9; Mk. 10:12) Divorce Issues Debated 08.02.05 Mark 10:10-12; Matthew 19:10-12 Disciples Question Jesus 08.02.07 Matthew 5:38-42; Luke 6:31 Regarding Retaliation 08.02.07.Q1 Did Moses quote Hammurabi, and if He did, how does this affect the words of Jesus in Matthew 5:18? 08.03.03.Q1 Why isn’t there a Strong Teaching on Tithing in the New Testament? 08.04.03.Q1 (Mt.
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