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Jaringan Pelayaran Pelabuhan Belawan 1886-1942

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Jaringan Pelayaran Pelabuhan Belawan 1886-1942 JARINGAN PELAYARAN PELABUHAN BELAWAN 1886-1942 TESIS Diajukan sebagai salah satu syarat mendapatkan gelar Magister Humaniora (M.Hum) dalam Program Studi S2 Ilmu Sejarah Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara Oleh: HANDOKO 157050006 PROGRAM STUDI S2 ILMU SEJARAH FAKULTAS ILMU BUDAYA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2018 1 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRAK Sebelum Pelabuhan Belawan dikembangkan, aktivitas pelayaran dan perdagangan di Deli (Medan) berada di Labuhan Deli. Labuhan Deli tidak bertahan lama akibat sedimentasi dari Sungai Deli. Tidak hanya itu, alasan pemindahan pelabuhan dari Labuhan Deli ke Belawan merupakan faktor ekonomis dimana ekonomi perkebunan berkembang dengan pesat dan membutuhkan tempat yang luas untuk melaksanakan ekspor dan impor. Pembukaan Pelabuhan Belawan dipertimbangkan agar kapal-kapal uap dapat bersandar untuk memudahkan pengangkutan hasil-hasil perkebunan yang diangkut kereta api dari berbagai perkebunan yang berada di pedalaman (hinterland). Kebijakan pemerintah yang menetapkan bahwa Pelabuhan Belawan merupakan pelabuhan utama di Residensi Sumatera Timur juga berpengaruh bagi daerah seberang atau sekitar (foreland) yang mengirimkan hasil-hasil perkebunan ke Pelabuhan Belawan. Dari keterangan tersebut, penelitian ini bermaksud untuk menggambarkan pelabuhan Labuhan Deli dan Belawan serta jaringan pelayaran di Pelabuhan Belawan yang tercipta karena adanya peranan hinterland dan foreland. Penelitian tesis ini menggunakan pendekatan ekonomi struktural dan metode penelitian sejarah. Penggunaan pendekatan ekonomi struktural bertujuan untuk menganalisis perkembangan pelayaran dan perdagangan di Pelabuhan Belawan. Untuk metode penelitian, penelitian tesis ini menggunakan metode sejarah. Tahapan awal dalam penelitian ini adalah mencari data pendukung ke berbagai perpustakaan dan lembaga yang dianggap dapat menjadi sumber data dalam penelitian, misalnya ke Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia di Jakarta; Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia, Perpustakaan Tengku Lukman Sinar dan Perpustakaan USU. Setelah data terkumpul, tahapan selanjutnya adalah menyaring data-data yang telah didapat kemudian untuk dianalisis dan tahapan terakhir adalah tahapan penulisan tesis. Penelitian Tesis ini akan menjelaskan jaringan pelayaran pelabuhan Belawan baik lokal, regional dan internasional. Pelayaran di Pelabuhan Belawan umumnya dapat dibedakan menjadi tiga bagian yakni pertama, pelayaran lokal yang meliputi jaringan pelayaran antara pelabuhan-pelabuhan keil di Sumatera Timur dengan Pelabuhan Belawan. Kedua, pelayaran antar pulau atau regional yang meliputi jaringan pelayaran antar pulau-pulau di Hindia Belanda dengan Pelabuhan Belawan. Terakhir, pelayaran internasional yang meliputi jaringan pelayaran antara Pelabuhan Belawan dengan sebagian negara-negara di benua Eropah, Amerika, Afrika dan Asia. Keywords: Pelabuhan, Jaringan Pelayaran, Perdagangan, Labuhan Deli, Belawan. i UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRACT Before Belawan Harbor was developed, the shipping and trading activities in Deli (Medan) were in Labuhan Deli. Labuhan Deli did not last long due to sedimentation from the Deli River. Not only that, the reason for the removal of the harbor from Labuhan Deli to Belawan is an economic factor where the plantation economy is growing rapidly and requires a large space to carry out exports and imports. The opening of Belawan Harbor is considered for steamers to lean to facilitate the transport of rail-transported plantation products from hinterland plantations. The government policy which stipulates that Belawan Port is the main port in East Sumatera Residency also affects for the area across or around (foreland) which sends the plantation products to the Port of Belawan. From this description, this research intends to describe Labuhan Deli and Belawan port as well as the shipping network in Belawan Port created by the role of hinterland and foreland. This thesis research uses a structural economic approach and historical research methods. The use of structural economic approach aims to analyze the development of shipping and trading in Belawan Port. For research method, this thesis research use historical method. Initial stages in this study is to find supporting data to various libraries and institutions that are considered to be a source of data in research, for example to the National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia in Jakarta; National Library of Indonesia, Tengku Lukman Sinar Library and USU Library. After the data collected, the next step is to filter the data that have been obtained and then to be analyzed and the last stage is the thesis writing stage. This Thesis research will describe Belawan port shipping network both locally, regionally and internationally. Sailing at Port Belawan generally can be divided into three parts namely first, local shipping which includes shipping network between harbor ports in East Sumatra with Belawan Port. Second, inter-island or regional shipping which includes the inter-island shipping network in the Dutch East Indies with Belawan Harbor. Finally, international shipping includes a network of shipping between Belawan Port and some countries in continental Europe, America, Africa and Asia. Keywords: Port, Shipping Network, Trading, Labuhan Deli, Belawan. ii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA KATA PENGANTAR Alhamdulillahirabbil‟alamin saya panjatkan kepada Allah SWT sebagai dari bentuk rasa syukur atas segala kenikmatan yangtelahdiberikankepadapenulis, dantidaklupa salawat serta salam semoga senantiasa tercurah kepada Rasulullah Muhammad s.a.w. Suatu kebahagian tersendiri bagi penulis ketika mampu menyelesaikan rangkaian penelitian dan penulisan tesis untuk memperoleh gelar Magister Humaniora di Program Studi Magister Sejarah Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara. Adapun judul penulisan ini adalah Jaringan Pelayaran Pelabuhan Belawan 1886-1942. Dalam penyelesaian tesis ini, penulis merasakan banyak memperoleh bantuan serta bimbingan yang cukup berharga dari berbagai pihak, terutama staf pengajar di Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara serta rekan-rekan yang telah banyak membantu penyelesaian tesis ini. Penulis menyadari tesis ini belum sempurna, oleh karena itu dengan kerendahan hati penulis mengharapkan kritik dan saran dari pembaca untuk penyempurnaan tesis ini. Semoga tesis ini bermanfaat bagi para pembaca, khususnya bagi penulis sendiri. Amiin Yaa Rabbal‟alaamin. Medan, 24 Mei 2018 Penulis Handoko iii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH Puji dan syukur penulis ucapkan kepada Allah SWT yang telah memberikan karunia kesehatan, kesempatan, kekuatan sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan tesis ini. Dalam kesempatan ini penulis menyampaikan ucapan terima kasih atas bantuan tenaga, pikiran, serta bimbingan yang telah diberikan dalam menyelesaikan tesis ini : 1. Bapak Dr. Budi Agustono, selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan, sekaligus sebagai Tim Penguji yang telah memberikan masukan. 2. Bapak Dr. Suprayitno, M. Hum., sebagai Ketua Program Studi Magister Ilmu Sejarah Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara sekaligus Ketua Pembimbing yang telah banyak memberikan dorongan, nasehat dan motivasi kepada penulis baik selama kuliah maupun pada saat mengerjakan penulisan tesis ini. Tidak hanya dalam pengerjaan tesis, pembimbing juga memberikan pengalaman yang luar biasa bagi penulis baik pengajaran maupun penelitian serta selalu mengikutsertakan kegiatan akademik lainnya yang dapat dijadikan penulis sebagai pengalaman yang berharga. Penulis mengucapkan terimakasih yang sebesar-besarnya. 3. Ibu Lila Pelita Hati,sebagai Sekretaris Program Studi Magister Ilmu Sejarah Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Sumatera Utara sekaligus anggota Tim Penguji yang telah memberikan nasehat dan saran terhadap tesis ini. 4. Ibu Dra. Ratna, M.S., selaku anggota Komisi Pembimbing, terimakasih atas segala arahan, bimbingan dan bantuan dalam penulisan tesis ini. Saran dan kritik Ibu sangat berperan besar menuntun penulis dalam mengerjakan tesis ini. Sebagai pembimbing kedua, beliau telah banyak membantu penulis baik moril maupun materil. Beliau juga banyak memberikan pengalaman yang berharga kepada penulis seperti penelitian maupun pembelajaran serta selalu mengikut sertakan penulis diberbagai kegiatan. Penulis mengucapkan terimakasih yang sebesar-besarnya. 5. Bapak Drs. Wara Sinuhaji, M.Hum.,selaku anggota Tim Penguji yang telah memberikan kritik, saran, dan koreks iterhadap tesis ini. iv UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 6. Bapak Drs. Gustanto, M.Hum.,selaku anggota Tim Penguji yang telah memberikan kritik, saran, dan koreksi terhadap tesis ini. 7. Seluruh Bapak dan Ibu Dosen pada Program Studi Magister Ilmu Sejarah Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara, semoga ilmu yang diberikan dapat penulis amalkan. 8. Jajaran Staf Akademik dan Pegawai di Fakultas Ilmu Budaya maupun Program Studi Magister Ilmu Budaya Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara, yang telah memberikan fasilitas dan informasi kepada penulis, khususnya Kak Lyly dan Kak Tapi. 9. Seluruh Bapak/Ibu Dosen Program Studi Ilmu Sejarah Fakultas Ilmu Budaya USU, Drs. Edi Sumarno, M.Hum, Dra. Sri Pangestri Dewi Murni, M.A, Dra. Junita Setiana Ginting, M.Si, Dra. Nina Karina Purba, M.SP, Dra. Fitriaty Harahap, SU, Dra. Peninna Simanjuntak, M.Si, Dra. Nurhabsyah, M.Si dan Dra. Farida Hanum Ritonga, M.SP. Penuli sucapkan terimakasih yang sebesar-besarnya karena telah banyak memberikan pengalaman serta nasihat
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