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Report of PMAR Workshop DRAFT Report of PMAR Workshop Version 02(draft) (7 Dec 2012) The final workshop of the PMAR project (Piracy, Maritime Awareness and Risks) Date: 20-22 Nov 2012 Place: Mombasa, Kenya Organiser: European Commission – Joint Research Centre (JRC) The PMAR project is a study into building up maritime awareness with the authorities in the countries around the seas off the Horn of Africa. Maritime awareness is knowing what is happening at sea and being able to recognise threats in time. As such, it is a cornerstone capability in combatting piracy, but also for maritime governance in general. The objectives of the workshop were: 1. To present the PMAR project results to maritime authorities in the East Africa – Western Indian Ocean region. 2. To get feedback / confirmation on the usefulness of the PMAR concept for regional maritime awareness as a tool for counter-piracy in that area; from the user states in the region, as well as from the international actors and/or donors (other EU bodies, IMO, U.S.). 3. To discuss possible ways ahead for enhancing maritime awareness in the region. The workshop was attended by representatives from 9 countries in the East Africa – Western Indian Ocean region, 6 Regional Organisations, 2 EU Member States, the U.S., one UN organization and 6 institutes or projects from the EU. Five more countries in the region and one other Regional Organisation had been invited but could not come. The table specifies the attendance: Type # Who Country in the region 9 Comoros, India, Kenya, Maldives, Mauritius, Mozambique, Reunion, Seychelles, Yemen Regional organisation 6 ACP, COMESA, EASFCOM, IGAD, IOC, SADC EU Member State 2 UK, FR UN organisation 1 IMO EU institution, DG 6 DEVCO, EEAS, EUNAVFOR, JRC, MARSIC, CRIMARIO and project Other countries 1 U.S. Total 25 The main workshop took place on 21 November and consisted of one full day of presentations and discussions. It was preceded by an informal reception on the evening before (20th), and it was followed on the next morning (22 Nov) by a visit to the Regional Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre (RMRCC) of the Kenya Maritime Authority in Mombasa. There, a small web-based demonstration of some of the PMAR functionality was done, and the workshop participants were also shown around the RMRCC. The workshop was opened by JRC as the organiser. A welcome to the participants was extended by the Kenya Maritime Authority (KMA) as the hosting country. Following a request of JRC, the KMA had already prior to the workshop agreed that the RMRCC could be used as a location to host a trial implementation of the PMAR system for maritime awareness. The actual happening of a trial implementation is however still contingent upon funding becoming available for that. DRAFT 1 DRAFT The PMAR project was executed by the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre (JRC) at the request of the European Parliament. As PMAR is only one project among many initiatives aimed at maritime capacity building and counter-piracy for the region, the workshop endeavoured to make clear how PMAR fits in with the other initiatives. Therefore, presentations on a number of other activities were included in the agenda. The following were presented: Initiative Actor Action Plan for the EU fight against piracy EU - European External Action Service (EEAS) and EUCAP Nestor Instrument for Stability – Critical Maritime EU - European Commission Routes MASE (Program to Promote Regional EU - European Commission - European Maritime Security) Development Fund IMO counter-piracy activities in the region IMO U.S. maritime capacity building activities in U.S. Naval Forces Africa the region PMAR project EU - European Commission - JRC MARSIC project EU - European Commission - external experts CRIMARIO project EU - European Commission - external experts The presentations of all these initiatives and the workshop agenda are available on the web site. (Use the link ‘PMAR workshop agenda and presentations’ on https://bluehub.jrc.ec.europa.eu/.) The EEAS presentation gave an overview of the EU’s comprehensive approach in the fight against piracy. A key consideration is the need to work with international, regional and local partners. The cornerstones of the EU policy are: a strategic framework for the Horn of Africa (HoA); a special representative for the HoA; and three on-going missions under the Common Security and Defence Policy. These three are EUNAVFOR Atalanta, the EU Training Mission Somalia and the new EUCAP Nestor. The latter aims at maritime capacity building for the sea-going activities in Djibouti, Kenya, Tanzania and Seychelles (later also Yemen), and for a maritime police force in Somaliland, Puntland and possibly Galmudug. The relations with the other EU initiatives were pointed out, and with the international strategic partners. The Critical Maritime Routes action was set up in 2009 under the Instrument for Stability to address the security and safety of essential maritime routes. In the long term, the programme aims at improved maritime governance. Geographically, the areas of interest are Gulf of Guinea, wider Western Indian Ocean, South Asia and South East Asia. It is under this program that the MARSIC and CRIMARIO projects are funded, and also a project on law enforcement in East Africa. The MASE program for Maritime Security in the ESA-IO region in the framework of the HoA strategy is currently being defined. Ultimate goal is to contribute to global security and create a favourable environment for the economic development of the ESA-IO region and beyond. Five results have been defined, being (1) Somalia inland action plan, (2) Legal and infrastructure capability for arrest, detention and prosecution, (3) Regional capacity to mitigate piracy-related financial flows, (4) National / regional capacity for maritime tasks, and (5) Regional coordination and information exchange. These are to be implemented by specified Regional Organisations. As result 4 contains improved maritime domain awareness, there is a clear window for synergies with PMAR. PMAR could also contribute to result 5. The program is to be approved early 2013 and will last 5 years. The IMO presentation covered the present status of the (non-binding) Djibouti Code of Conduct. IMO’s work concerns helping countries with introducing anti-piracy legislation, building the training centre in Djibouti, and organising trainings, in close cooperation with MARSIC and also at the NATO training centre in Crete (NMIOTC). New initiatives that are important are the detailed charting of the behaviour of the dhows and of the small fishing boats. This knowledge helps to better recognise pirate DRAFT 2 DRAFT boats and other safety and security risks. This also includes more actively involving the dhow community, so that they will report suspicious behaviour and incidents. With this, the NATO shipping centre is involved. Furthermore, IMO is involved in setting up coastal surveillance facilities for civilian users, in particular together with and complementing U.S. support that is aimed at military users. Projects to install coastal radars and AIS are on-going in Tanzania and Mozambique, and hopefully later in Madagascar (West coast) and Comoros. IMO would like to see that the coastal maritime surveillance data is fused and linked to a regional network, which should include Kenya, Tanzania, South Africa, Mauritius, Seychelles, Yemen and Oman. IMO showed examples of wide- area surveillance, with LRIT, VMS and satellite AIS, including cost estimates. The need for patrol assets is mentioned. Finally, it is proposed that the way to exchange information is: first nationally from agencies to a national coordination centre, and then regionally between national coordination centres. The U.S. Naval Forces Africa (6th Fleet, based in Naples) gave a presentation on their MDA capacity building support to Africa. It falls under one of NAVAF’s main missions, the one for Maritime Security Operations. (NB: Counter-piracy as such falls under 5th Fleet in Bahrain.) The ultimate goal is to have African authorities patrol the African seas. They work with the military and sometimes with coast guards. The program has a set of specific goals, at strategic, operational and tactical level. They aim to have a ten-year horizon for the projects, so as to include also operational funding; most of the equipment buying has finished by now. Their SeaVision tool, to visualise the AIS data collected through the global MSSIS network, is being further developed and enriched, with drawing tools to support operations, and with satellite AIS, which covers East and West Africa (but not North and South) out to 400 NM and now comes from two providers with 8 satellites and with a latency of maximum 2 hours. Now 19 countries in Africa use SeaVision regularly. The 2012 Cutlass Express exercise has indicated, through using satellite SAR, that about 60 % of the vessels that should be seen on AIS are in fact not. The MARSIC project concerns itself with the development of the regional centres under the Djibouti Code of Conduct: Sana’a, Mombasa, Dar Es Salaam and Djibouti. The organisation, workings (information sharing and training) and status of the centres was reviewed. Recent developments include: Providing Standard Operating Practices for counter-piracy; Assisting the National Focal Points in their inter-agency role; Developing an analysis cell and data bases to be used; Setting up a regional AIS sharing network between Oman, Yemen and Djibouti; and Considering a maritime security cooperation forum with an advisory committee at DG level and a voluntary contributions fund. The CRIMARIO project in its present phase aims to defined concrete further actions under the Critical Maritime Routes program. It is aimed at ensuring safe and secure maritime trade routes, with a wider and longer perspective than anti-piracy alone, including navigation safety, accident response and natural resource protection. In the ESA-IO region, the critical maritime routes are for a large part on the open sea, out of reach of coastal surveillance.
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