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Conference on Climate Change and Official Statistics ConferenceConference onon ClimateClimate ChangeChange andand OfficialOfficial StatisticsStatistics Oslo, Norway14 – 16 April 2008 Experiences on GHG Inventory and Climate Change Activities By Participants from Mauritius Mr. Santaram Mooloo (Ministry of Environment and National Development Unit) and Mr. Anand Sookun (Central Statistics Office-Environment and Energy Units) 1 LocationLocation •• AfricaAfrica –– IndianIndian OceanOcean 2 CountryCountry SnapshotSnapshot Although known to Arab and Malay sailors as early as the 10th century, Mauritius was first explored by the Portuguese in 1505; It was subsequently held by the Dutch, French, and British before independence was attained in 1968. A stable democracy with regular free elections and a positive human rights record, the country has attracted considerable foreign investment and has earned one of Africa's highest per capita incomes. FactsFacts andand FiguresFigures OfficialOfficial Name:Name: MauritiusMauritius CapitalCapital CityCity :: PortPort LouisLouis Languages:Languages: EnglishEnglish (official),(official), French,French, Hindi,Hindi, othersothers OfficialOfficial CurrencyCurrency :: MauritianMauritian RupeeRupee (MRU:(MRU: USUS $$ =27:30)=27:30) Religions:Religions: Hindu,Hindu, Christian,Christian, Muslim,Muslim, othersothers Population:Population: 1,260,4031,260,403 (July(July 20072007 est.)est.) 4 LandLand Area Area (Mainland) (Mainland) : : 1 1 860 860 sq sq km km (718 (718 sq sq GeographyGeography ofof MauritiusMauritius •• Location:Location: SouthernSouthern Africa,Africa, islandisland inin thethe IndianIndian Ocean,Ocean, easteast ofof MadagascarMadagascar •• GeographicGeographic coordinates:coordinates: 2020 1717 S,S, 5757 3333 EE •• Area:Area: total:total: 2,0402,040 sqsq kmkm land:land: 2,0302,030 sqsq kmkm water:water: 1010 sqsq kmkm note: includes Agalega Islands, Cargados Carajos Shoals (Saint Brandon), and Rodrigues •• AreaArea -- comparative:comparative: almostalmost 1111 timestimes thethe sizesize ofof Washington,Washington, DCDC 5 EconomicEconomic IndicatorsIndicators •• GDPGDP (purchasing(purchasing powerpower parity):parity): $13.5$13.5 billionbillion (2007(2007 est.)est.) •• GDPGDP -- perper capitacapita (PPP):(PPP): $10,725$10,725 (2007(2007 est.)est.) •• GDPGDP -- compositioncomposition byby sector:sector: agriculture:agriculture: 5.3%5.3% industry:industry: 19.6%19.6% services:services: 75%75% (2007(2007 est.)est.) •• HDI:HDI: 0.804;0.804; RANKRANK 6565 (2005)(2005) 6 ClimateClimate •• Climate: tropical, modified by southeast trade winds; warm, dry winter (May to November); hot, wet, humid summer (November to May) •• Terrain: small coastal plain rising to discontinuous mountains encircling central plateau •• Elevation extremes: lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Piton 828 m •• Natural resources: arable land, fish •• Land use: arable land: 49.02% permanent crops: 2.94% other: 48.04% (2005) •• Irrigated land: 214 sq km (2006) 7 EffectsEffects ofof ClimateClimate ChangeChange inin MauritiusMauritius •• Year 2006 was 0.74 degrees Celsius warmer than normal •• Average Temperature during the last decade (1997-2006) was higher than the normal by 0.60 to 1.0 degrees Celsius •• Year 2006 was the thirdthird warmestwarmest yearyear afterafter 20032003 and 1998 •• Mean temperature (1997-2006) has risen by 0.86 degrees Celsius compared toto decadedecade 19611961-70 •• Seven of the warmest years ever (1998, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006) occurred in the last decades •• Rainfall deficit for past 100 years = 100 mm •• Mean Sea Level Rise during the past decade (1997 – 2006) = 1.2 cm •• Mean Sea Level Rise per year = 1.2 mm 8 PrecipitationPrecipitation TrendTrend -- MauritiusMauritius Trend in Annual Rainfall Annual Rainfall 10 per. Mov. Avg. (Annual 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 Millimetres 1000 500 0 1951195319551957195919611963196519671969197119731975197719791981198319851987198919911993199519971999200120032005 Year 9 Temperature trend 25.5 25.0 mn MAX&MI mean C 24.5 5 per. Mov. A MEAN [ N 24.0 (MX+MN TEMPERATURE (º v 23.5 )/2] TEMPERATURE AT VACOAS - DE 23.0 22.5 - 1948-49 Mauritius 1950-51 1952-53 1954-1955 1956-57 1958-59 1960-61 C 1962-63 1964-65 1966-67 1968-69 1970-71 1972-73 1974-75 1976-77 1978-79 YEA 1980-81 R 1982-83 1984-85 1986-87 1988-89 1990-91 1992-93 1994-95 1996-97 1998-99 2000-01 2002-03 2004-05 2006-07 10 EnvironmentEnvironment •• Natural hazards: cyclones (November to April); almost completely surrounded by reefs that may pose maritime hazards •• Environment - current issues: water , energy, coastal zones •• Environment - international agreements: party to: Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change- Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements 11 EmissionsEmissions fromfrom fuelfuel combustioncombustion Sectoral carbon dioxide emissions from fuel combustion activities, 1995, 2000 - 2006 Energy industries (Electricity) Manufacturing industries Transport Residential Other 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 tonnes) 1500 1000 Quantity (Thousand 500 0 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Ye ar 12 EmissionsEmissions andand RemovalsRemovals ofof COCO 22 •• IncreaseIncrease 19951995 20002000 20052005 20062006 EmissionsEmissions 1736.91736.9 2454.02454.0 29942994 33493349 RemovalsRemovals 229.2229.2 234.5234.5 223.7223.7 193.2193.2 •• MauritiusMauritius (as(as SIDS)SIDS) contributescontributes insignificantlyinsignificantly toto globalglobal emissions:emissions: <<<<<< 0.10.1 %% 13 GHGGHG BalanceBalance ofof sugarsugar canecane •• GHGGHG Sequestration:Sequestration: 63,32163,321 kg/hakg/ha CO2CO2 eqeq •• Emissions:Emissions: 42,07342,073 kg/hakg/ha CO2CO2 eqeq •• SugarSugar canecane hashas potentialpotential toto actact asas sinksink •• ToTo bebe notednoted thatthat itit waswas notnot accountedaccounted forfor inin thethe initialinitial inventoryinventory 14 MITIGATIONMITIGATION ANDAND ADAPTATIONADAPTATION InIn MauritiusMauritius •• Mauritius being a non-Annex 1 country has NO obligations to reduce green house gases but as signatory of the UNFCCC, mitigation and adaptation measures in line with the objectives of the UNFCCC objectives are being taken •• Coastal protection works, mangrove propagation programme, monitoring and protection of coral reefs •• Renewable Energy: use of solar water heaters Energy Efficiency and Energy Conservation in Buildings •• From use of petrol to liquefied petroleum gas •• Production of energy through renewable sources 15 NationalNational communicationscommunications •• NationalNational CommunicationsCommunications-- aa reportingreporting tooltool atat thethe internationalinternational levellevel ofof monitoringmonitoring ofof nationalnational GHGGHG emissionsemissions •• CommitmentsCommitments ofof PartiesParties toto UNFCCCUNFCCC •• InitialInitial NationalNational CommunicationCommunication submittedsubmitted inin 19991999 •• SecondSecond NationalNational CommunicationCommunication nownow duedue 16 ACTIONACTION INITIATEDINITIATED UNDERUNDER THETHE UNFCCCUNFCCC inin Mauritius.Mauritius. • A multi-sectoral National Climate Committee (NCC) was established in June 1991 under the chairmanship of the Prime Minister’s Office and co-chaired by the Meteorological Services. • A National Climate Change Action Plan has been prepared by the National Climate Committee in 1998. • The Ministry of Environment & NDU has set up an Implementation Committee in 2001 to coordinate the implementation of this Action Plan. • Mauritius submitted its Initial National Communication (national inventory of sources and sinks of greenhouse gases) to the UNFCCC secretariat in 1999, and is in the process of submitting its Second National Communication 17 SuccessfulSuccessful implementationimplementation ofof thethe SNCSNC will:will: • Facilitate integration of climate change responses into national development priorities (agri.,health, infras…) • Provide substantive inputs to policy-makers to address climate change concerns (budgetary allocations) • Further enhance public awareness of climate change • Generate knowledge and disseminate information on climate change at different levels of the society 18 SNCSNC ProjectProject groupsgroups –– 66 TeamTeam LeadersLeaders forfor thethe differentdifferent workingworking groups:groups: •• GHGGHG InventoryInventory •• NationalNational CircumstancesCircumstances •• VulnerabilityVulnerability andand AdaptationAdaptation (V&A)(V&A) •• MitigationMitigation •• ProjectsProjects andand PoliciesPolicies •• Education.Education. TrainingTraining andand PublicPublic AwarenessAwareness 19 WhatWhat isis aa NationalNational GHGGHG Inventory?Inventory? AA frameworkframework whichwhich providesprovides allall thethe emissionsemissions byby sourcesource andand removalsremovals byby sink,sink, ofof GHGGHG’’ss (whenever(whenever andand whateverwhatever applicable),applicable), basedbased onon thethe IPCCIPCC GuidelinesGuidelines ImportantImportant becausebecause mostmost manman--mademade impactsimpacts onon thethe climateclimate derivederive fromfrom consumptionconsumption andand productionproduction activitiesactivities thatthat releasesreleases GHGGHG’’ss TheThe mainmain GHGGHG isis CO2.CO2. OtherOther’’s:s: CO.CO. CH4,CH4, NONO2,N,N2O,NMVOCO,NMVOC andand SOSO2 20 INVENTORYINVENTORY •• FirstFirst InventoryInventory forfor MauritiusMauritius waswas attemptedattempted
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