Ahda Aprilliana 201410360311018

PERAN INDIAN OCEAN RIM ASSOCIATION (IORA) DALAM MENINGKATKAN EKONOMI NEGARA SMALL ISLAND DEVELOPMENT STATES (SIDS)

Disusun dan diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar Sarjana Ilmu Politik (S.IP) Strata-1

AHDA APRILLIANA

201410360311018

PROGRAM STUDI ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG 2019

KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT. karena atas rahmatnya serta karunia-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan penelitian dengan judul “Peran Indian Ocean Rim Association

(IORA) Dalam Meningkatkan Ekonomi Negara SIDS” ini dapat diselesaikan.

Skripsi ini disusun dan diajukan sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar sarjana strata 1 (S-1) pada Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Jurusan Ilmu Hubungan

Internasional, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang. Dalam penelitian ini masih banyak terdapat kesalahan karena kekurangan dari penulis, semoga hasil penelitian ini berguna, khususnya untuk mahasiswa Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Muhammadiyah

Malang, dan lainnya. Atas terselesaikannya skripsi ini, penulis mengucapkan terimakasih kepada :

1. Bapak Drs. H. Fauzan, M.Pd selaku rektor Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang,

beserta seluruh jajaran Pembantu Rektor dan seluruh Staff Rektorat UMM.

2. Bapak Dr. Rinikso Kartono, M.Si selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik

Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, beserta pembantu Dekan I, II dan III.

3. Bapak M. Syaprin Zahidi, MA selaku Ketua Program Studi Ilmu Hubungan

Internasional Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Muhammadiyah

Malang.

4. Ibu Demeiati Nur Kusumaningrum, MA selaku pembimbing I dan Bapak Dedik Fitra

Suhermanto, M.Hub.Int. selaku pembimbing II yang telah senantiasa membantu dan

membimbing penulis sehingga dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini.

5. Bapak dan Ibu dosen Jurusan Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan

Ilmu Politik Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang dalam ilmu yang telah diberikan

selama perkuliahan.

Malang, 30 November 2018

Peneliti,

Ahda Aprilliana

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN SAMPUL...... i LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN SKRIPSI ...... ii LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ...... iii BERITA ACARA BIMBINGAN SKRIPSI ...... iv SURAT PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS ...... v ABSTRAK ...... vi ABSTRACT ...... vii KATA PENGANTAR ...... viii MOTTO ...... x LEMBAR PERSEMBAHAN ...... xi DAFTAR ISI...... xiii DAFTAR TABEL ...... xvi DAFTAR GAMBAR ...... xvii DAFTAR BAGAN ...... xviii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ...... xix DAFTAR AKRONIM ...... xx BAB I PENDAHULUAN ...... 1 1.1 Latar Belakang ...... 1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah ...... 6 1.3 Tujuan Dan Manfaat Penelitian ...... 6 1.3.1 Tujuan Penelitian ...... 6 1.3.2 Manfaat Penelitian ...... 7 a. Manfaat Akademis ...... 7 b. Manfaat Praktis ...... 7 1.4 Penelitian Terdahulu ...... 7 1.5 Teori/Konsep ...... 13 1.5.1 Neo-Liberal Institusionalisme...... 13 1.5.2 Konsep Organisasi Internasional...... 16

1.6 Metode Penelitian...... 19 1.6.1 Jenis Penelitian ...... 19 1.6.2 Metode Analisis ...... 20 1.6.3 Ruang Lingkup Penelitian ...... 20 a. Batasan Waktu ...... 20 b. Batasan Materi ...... 21 1.6.4 Teknik Dan Alat Pengumpulan Data ...... 21 1.7 Argumen Dasar ...... 21 1.8 Sistematika Penulisan ...... 22 BAB II IORA SEBAGAI ORGANISASI DI KAWASAN SAMUDERA HINDIA ...... 24 2.1 Sejarah Pembentukan IORA ...... 26 2.2 Sistem Keanggotaan IORA ...... 28 2.3 Struktur Organisasi Dalam IORA ...... 31 2.4 Mekanisme Kerjasama IORA ...... 33 BAB III MAURITIUS, SEYCHELLES, KOMORO DAN MADAGASKAR SEBAGAI NEGARA YANG TERGOLONG DALAM SIDS ...... 41 3.1 Mauritius ...... 43 3.2 Seychelles ...... 50 3.3 Komoro ...... 57 3.4 Madagaskar ...... 63 BAB IV PERAN YANG DILAKUKAN IORA DALAM MEMBANTU MENINGKATKAN PEREKONOMIAN MAURITIUS, SEYCHELLES, KOMORO DAN MADAGASKAR ...... 72 4.1 Keselamatan Dan Keamanan Maritim ...... 73 4.1.1 Pembentukan Search And Rescue (SAR) Di Kawasan Samudera Hindia ...... 75 1.1.2 Maritime Safety And Security Training For The IORA And MSG Country ...... 79 4.1.3 IORA Meeting Of Experts For Maritime Safety And Security ...... 81 4.2 Fasilitasi Perdagangan dan Investasi ...... 84 4.2.1 MOU Mengenai Promotion Of Small And Medium Enterprises (SMES) ...... 85 4.2.2 Blue Economy Sebagai Kebijakan Dalam Meningkatkan Kapasitas Negara Yang Tergolong SIDS ...... 92 4.3 Manajemen Perikanan ...... 99 4.3.1 IORA Trainer’s Training Programme on Maritime Aquaculture...... 100 4.3.2 Side Event (Partnership for the BE – The Indian Ocean Experience) to be Hosted by Seychelles – UN Conference on Ocean; SDG 14 Implementation...... 103

4.3.2.1 Workshop on Seafood Products Safety and Quality...... 104

4.3.2.2 Workshop on Regional Strategy to Address Issues of Sustainable Management and Development of Fisheries Resources in The Indian Ocean Rim Region...... 106

4.4 Manajemen Resiko Bencana ...... 113 4.4.1 Workshop on Exploring Preemptive Disaster Risk Management Measures to Ensuring Human Security...... 116

4.4.2 International Training on Disaster Risk Management for IORA Member Countries, South America and Caribbean Countries...... 118

4.4.3 Sendai Framework sebagai Acuan Pembuatan Kebijakan IORA..... 119

4.5 Kerjasama Akademisi, Sains Dan Teknologi...... 123 4.5.1 Workshop Dan Pelatihan Yang Diselenggarakan Pada Bidang Prioritas Kerjasama Akademisi, Ilmu Pengetahuan Dan Teknologi . 124 4.5.2 Upaya Lain Dalam Bidang Prioritas Kerjasama Akademisi, Ilmu Pengetahuan Dan Teknologi ...... 135 4.6 Promosi Pariwisata Dan Pertukaran Kebudayaan ...... 137 4.6.1 Paths to Women’s Economic Empowerment in IORA Countries...... 139

4.6.2 First IORA Workshop on Sustainable Tourism Destination Management...... 140

BAB V Penutup ...... 149 5.1 Kesimpulan ...... 149 5.2 Saran ...... 152 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...... 154 LAMPIRAN ...... 163

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1 Peta Kegiatan Maritim yang Diidentifikasi pada SIDS Anggota IORA...... 163 Lampiran 2 Perubahan dalam Produksi Perikanan dan penangkapan Ikan Tahun 1990-2015...... 164 Lampiran 3 Perbandingan dalam Perubahan Jumlah Penangkapan Ikan ditahun 1990-2015...... 165 Lampiran 4 Variabilitas Iklim, Dampak dan Ketahanannya pada Anggota IORA 166 Lampiran 5 Peningkatan Sumber Air, Pedalaman (% dari penduduk pedalaman yang dapat akses) Negara-negara IORA...... 167 Lampiran 6 Peningkatan Fasilitas Sanitasi (% dari penduduk yang dapat akses) dari Negara-negara IORA...... 168 Lampiran 7 Sektor Pariwisata di Negara Anggota IORA...... 169 Lampiran 8 IORA Charter...... 170 Lampiran 9 Declaration of the Indian Ocean Rim Association on the Principles for Peaceful, Productive and Sustainable Use of the Indian Ocean and Its Resources ...... 178 Lampiran 10 IORA Action Plan 2017-2022 ...... 181 Lampiran 11 IORA Economic Declaration ...... 185

Lampiran 12 Perth Communique...... 187

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

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