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Middle Jurassic Volcanism in a Magmatic-Rich Passive Margin Linked to the Caudiel Fault Zone (Iberian Range, East of Spain): Biostratigraphical Dating

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Middle Jurassic Volcanism in a Magmatic-Rich Passive Margin Linked to the Caudiel Fault Zone (Iberian Range, East of Spain): Biostratigraphical Dating Journal of Iberian Geology 42 (3) 2016: 335-354 http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/JIGE.54667 www.ucm.es /info/estratig/journal.htm ISSN (print): 1698-6180. ISSN (online): 1886-7995 Middle Jurassic volcanism in a magmatic-rich passive margin linked to the Caudiel Fault Zone (Iberian Range, East of Spain): biostratigraphical dating J.E. Cortés1, J.J. Gómez1,2,* 1Dpto. de Estratigrafía, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain 2Instituto de Geociencias (CSIC,UCM). c. José Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain e-mail addresses: [email protected] (J.J.G., *Corresponding author); [email protected] (J.E.C.) Received: 1 April 2016 / Accepted: 24 November 2016 / Available online: 20 December 2016 Abstract During the Early and Middle Jurassic, the Iberian Basin (East of Spain) recorded the transition from a generally magma-poor passive margin, which operated during the latest Triassic and most of Early Jurassic, to a magma-rich passive margin, developed from Pliensba- FKLDQWRHDUO\0LGGOH-XUDVVLF7KHPDLQO\VXEPDULQHS\URFODVWLFYROFDQLVPZLWKPLQRUODYDÀRZVIROORZHGDFWLYH1:DQG1(WUHQGLQJ extensional fault zones. One of these zones of weakness, from which the volcanic deposits were expelled to the sea bottom, was the Caudiel )DXOW=RQH7ZRYROFDQLFSKDVHVLQUHODWLRQWRWKLVZHDNQHVVOLQHRYHUWKH0LGGOH-XUDVVLFWLPHVKDYHEHHQLGHQWL¿HG7KHPDLQSKDVHRFFX- UUHGGXULQJWKHGHSRVLWLRQRIWKH(O3HGUHJDO)RUPDWLRQDQGWKHRWKHUOHVVVLJQL¿FDQWLVLQFOXGHGEHWZHHQWKH&DVLQRVDQGWKH(O3HGUHJDO formations. So far, the accurate age of these volcanisms, critical in the knowledge of the palaeogeographical and geodynamical evolution of the Iberian Basin, has remained uncertain. The ammonite content of the carbonate successions, with which these rocks are interbedded, allows precise biostratigraphical dating at the chronozone scale. For this purpose, 9 sections have been measured and 360 specimens of ammonites were collected and determined. The obtained data indicate that the Middle Jurassic volcanic deposits that are linked to the Cau- diel Fault Zone and included into the El Pedregal Formation show a slight diachrony. They were deposited around the boundary between the Late Aalenian Concavum and the Early Bajocian Discites chronozones. However, in very restricted areas of the Caudiel Fault Zone, an older intra-Murchisonae volcanism was recorded. Keywords: Volcanism, Biochronostratigraphy, Ammonites, Middle Jurassic, Iberian Range Resumen Durante el Jurásico Inferior y Medio, la Cuenca Ibérica (Este de España) registró la transición de un margen pasivo pobre en magmatis- mo, que operó durante el Triásico terminal y la mayor parte del Jurásico Inferior, a un margen pasivo rico en actividad magmática, que se desarrolló desde el Pliensbachiense hasta el comienzo del Jurásico Medio. El volcanismo submarino, fundamentalmente piroclástico y con ÀXMRVGHODYDVHQPHQRUSURSRUFLyQVLJXLy]RQDVGHIDOODH[WHQVLRQDOHVDFWLYDVGHRULHQWDFLyQ1:\1(8QDGHHVWDV]RQDVGHGHELOLGDG GHVGHODTXHORVGHSyVLWRVYROFiQLFRVIXHURQH[SHOLGRVDOIRQGRGHOPDUIXHOD=RQDGH)DOODGH&DXGLHO6HKDQLGHQWL¿FDGRGRVIDVHV volcánicas que tuvieron lugar a lo largo del Jurásico Medio en relación con esta línea de debilidad. La fase principal se manifestó mientras VHSURGXFtDHOGHSyVLWRGHOD)RUPDFLyQ(O3HGUHJDOSHURH[LVWLyRWUDPXFKRPHQRVVLJQL¿FDWLYDLQFOXLGDHQWUHOD)RUPDFLyQ&DVLQRV \OD)RUPDFLyQ(O3HGUHJDO+DVWDHOPRPHQWRODHGDGSUHFLVDGHDPERVYROFDQLVPRVFUtWLFDSDUDFRQRFHUODHYROXFLyQSDOHRJHRJUi¿FD y geodinámica de la Cuenca Ibérica, ha permanecido incierta. El contenido en ammonites de las sucesiones de carbonatos, entre los que HVWiQLQWHUFDODGDVHVWDVURFDVSHUPLWHODGDWDFLyQELRHVWUDWLJUi¿FDDQLYHOGHFURQR]RQD&RQHVWHSURSyVLWRVHKDQOHYDQWDGRVHFFLRQHV HVWUDWLJUi¿FDV\VHKDQUHFROHFWDGR\GHWHUPLQDGRHMHPSODUHVGHDPPRQLWHV/RVGDWRVREWHQLGRVLQGLFDQTXHORVPDWHULDOHVYROFiQLFRV del Jurásico Medio que están asociados a la Zona de Falla de Caudiel e incluidos en la Formación El Pedregal muestran una sincronía casi perfecta. Se depositaron hacia el límite entre la Cronozona Concavum del Aaleniense Superior y la Cronozona Discites del Bajociense Infe- rior. Con anterioridad, un volcanismo de edad intra-Murchisonae quedó registrado en áreas muy localizadas de la Zona de Falla de Caudiel. Palabras clave: Volcanismo, Biocronoestratigrafía, Ammonites, Jurásico Medio, Cordillera Ibérica 336 Cortés & Gómez / Journal of Iberian Geology 42 (3) 2016: 335-354 1. Introduction Thickness and facies distribution during Middle Jurassic were mainly controlled by this network of synsedimentary The Iberian Plate occupied during the Jurassic a key po- faults, as well as by another set of subordinate and shorter sition between the Euroasiatic and the African Plates (i.e. QRUWKHDVWWUHQGLQJIDXOWV )LJ $FWLYHIDXOWVGL൵HUHQWLDWHG 6WDPSÀLDQG%RUHO2VHWHet al6FKHWWLQR unequally subsiding blocks, conforming palaeogeographic and Turco, 2011) (Fig.1). The Iberian Basin was at this time highs and adjacent depocentres. For example, the Ateca Fault an intracratonic basin attached to the east of the Iberian Mas- induced separation of the Aragonese and Castillian platforms sif, representing the western boundary of the proto-Ligurian and also contributed to the delimitation of depocentres within Tethys Ocean (Schettino and Turco, 2011). During the Meso- the El Maestrazgo High. ]RLFWKLVEDVLQZDVUHSHDWHGO\D൵HFWHGE\H[WHQVLRQDOWHFWRQ- The regional geological mapping program performed by ics (Salas et al.=LHJOHUet al., 2001). The Permian and the Instituto Geologico y Minero de España (IGME) repre- most of the Triassic were dominated by a rifting stage, but the sented a considerable advance in locating outcrops of Jurassic latest Triassic and the Early and Middle Jurassic have been YROFDQLFURFNVLQGL൵HUHQWDUHDVVSHFLDOO\DORQJWKH&DXGLHO considered as deposited under a post-rift stage (Salas and )DXOW=RQH *DXWLHU$EULOet al&DPSRVet al., &DVDV6DODVet al6iQFKH]0R\DDQG6RSHxD $EULOet al$GURYHUet al., 1983). 2004) or better as a passive margin stage. 7KH¿UVWJHRFKHPLFDODQGSHWURJHQHWLFGDWDUHODWHGWRWKH Nevertheless, indications that the Iberian Basin did not Jurassic volcanism of the Iberian Range were contributed by behaved as a typical passive margin, dominated by thermal Ancochea et al. (1988). Additional works mainly oriented to subsidence, have been evidenced by the presence of a net- constrain the age of the volcanism were carried out by Lago ZRUN RI 1: DQG 1( WUHQGLQJ V\QVHGLPHQWDU\ IDXOWV LH et al 0DUWtQH]*RQ]iOH]et al 0DUWtQH]et al. *yPH])HUQiQGH]/ySH]DQG*yPH]*R\et DEFGDE 9DOHQ]XHODet al. (1996) and al9DQ:HHVet al*DUFtD)UDQN*yPH] Lago et al. (2004). However, these works were only able to DQG)HUQiQGH]/ySH]*DUFtD)UDQNet al., 2006, 2008) locate the volcanic deposits into the framework of the lithos- )LJ DV ZHOO DV E\ WKH RFFXUUHQFH RI VLJQL¿FDQW YROFD- WUDWLJUDSKLFDOXQLWVSUHYLRXVO\GH¿QHGE\*R\et al. (1976) QLVPPDLQO\GXULQJWKH3OLHQVEDFKLDQ௅%DMRFLDQLQWHUYDO and Gómez and Goy (1979), resulting in a poor stratigraphi- Except for the scarce subvolcanic dolerites with ophitic and cal resolution because one of the formations, containing many VXERSKLWLFWH[WXUHLQFOXGHGDVGLNHVDQGVLOOVLQWKH8SSHU of the volcanic rocks, spans for most of the Middle Jurassic. 7LDVVLF.HXSHUIDFLHV 2UWt/DJRet al., 2004), the ab- Very few papers try to specify the age of the volcanism at sence or limited presence of magmatism in the uppermost Tri- a more precise resolution on the basis of biostratigraphical assic and lowermost Jurassic deposits indicate a magma-poor criteria (Gómez et al.)HUQiQGH]/ySH])HUQ- phase during the late rifting and early passive margin stages ández-López et al., 1985). (Franke, 2013). However, what is notable in this area is the The objective of the present paper is to contribute to un- record of the evolution from a magma-poor passive margin to derstanding the behaviour of a magma-rich passive margin, DPDJPDULFKSDVVLYHPDUJLQ %DOO\1HPþRN UHSUHVHQWHGE\WKH/RZHU௅0LGGOH-XUDVVLFYROFDQLVPRIWKH over the period from the latest Early Jurassic to the earliest Iberian Basin, through the study of the two volcanic phases Middle Jurassic. linked to the Caudiel Fault Zone during the Middle Jurassic. The presence of volcanic rocks interbedded in the Jurassic To achieve this goal, the age of these volcanisms will be de- deposits of the Iberian Range (Fig. 3) is known since the termined at as high stratigraphic resolution as possible. These ¿UVW KDOI RI WKH WK FHQWXU\ %DN[ 0DUWLQ volcanics are interbedded within a succession of ammonite- Research works on the presence of these submarine volca- bearing carbonate rocks, belonging to the Casinos and El noes within the context of regional studies were developed Pedregal formations and deposited in an open marine shal- E\*DXWLHU 2UWtDQG6DQIHOLX *yPH]et al. ORZSODWIRUPHQYLURQPHQW *yPH]DQG*R\*yPH] *yPH] DQG *R\ *yPH] D E and Fernández-López, 2006), which favours the use of am- Fernández-López et al *yPH] et al. (2004). The monite-based biostratigraphical methods. presence of well marked lineaments in the distribution of WKHYROFDQLFGHSRVLWVZDV¿UVWSXEOLVKHGE\*yPH] 2. Materials and methods ZKRGH¿QHGWKH&DXGLHODQGWKH$OFXEODVIDXOW]RQHV )LJ 3C), and lately corroborated by Ortí and Vaquer (1980). The Methods applied to perform the present study are mainly 1:RULHQWHG&DXGLHO)DXOW=RQHLVDURXQGNPORQJDQG EDVHGRQ¿HOGZRUNZKLFKFRQVLVWHGLQWKHJHRORJLFDOPDS- ZDVLQIHUUHGE\ORRNLQJGL൵HUHQFHVLQWKHWKLFNQHVVRIWKH ping at a detailed scale (in the order of 1:10,000 to 1:25,000) Jurassic stratigraphic units and specially realizing the align- of the outcrops of volcanic deposits and surrounding sedi- ment of
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