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XXIII JORNADAS DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA DE PALEONTOLOGÍA Caravaca de la Cruz 3-6 de Octubre de 2007 LIBRO DE RESÚMENES XXIII JORNADAS DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA DE PALEONTOLOGÍA Caravaca de la Cruz 3-6 de Octubre de 2007 LIBRO DE RESÚMENES Editores: Juan C. Braga Antonio Checa Miguel Company Instituto Geológico y Minero de España y Universidad de Granada 2007 XXIII Jornadas de la Sociedad Española de Paleontología (Caravaca de la Cruz, 3-6 de Octubre de 2007). Libro de Resúmenes Editores: Juan C. Braga, Antonio Checa y Miguel Company Edita: Instituto Geológico y Minero de España y Universidad de Granada Imprime: Copicentro Granada S.L., Granada I.S.B.N.: 84-96856-20-8 Depósito legal: GR-2081/2007 Ejemplo de cita: Andrade Olalla, A. y Calonge García, A. Aprendizaje combinado como propuesta en la Convergencia Europea para la enseñanza de la Paleontología. In: XXIII Jornadas de la Sociedad Española de Paleontología (Caravaca de la Cruz, 3-6 de Octubre de 2007). Libro de resúmenes (Eds.: J.C. Braga, A. Checa y M. Company). Instituto Geológico y Minero de España y Universidad de Granada, 13-14. XXIII Jornadas de la Sociedad Española de Paleontología (Caravaca de la Cruz, 3-6 de Octubre de 2007) ORGANIZAN: • Sociedad Española de Paleontología • Universidad de Granada PATROCINA: • Excelentísimo Ayuntamiento de Caravaca de la Cruz COLABORAN: • Consejería de Educación y Cultura de la Región de Murcia • Instituto Geológico y Minero de España • Programa Internacional de Geociencias. IGCP-Unesco • Asociación Cultural Paleontológica Murciana • Centro de Profesores y Recursos de Cehegín • IES San Juan de la Cruz de Caravaca • CajaGranada XXIII Jornadas de la Sociedad Española de Paleontología. Libro de Resúmenes Conferencias invitadas 1 XXIII Jornadas de la Sociedad Española de Paleontología. Libro de Resúmenes 2 XXIII Jornadas de la Sociedad Española de Paleontología. Libro de Resúmenes Major environmental change events during the Mesozoic and the recycling of carbon through Earth history Hesselbo, S.P. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PR The record of Mesozoic geological history is characterized by several major environmental change events. These are commonly characterized by biotic mass extinction and ocean anoxia, and they coincide with voluminous flood basalt volcanism. Much of the world’s current hydrocarbon reserves are sourced from sediment laid down during these events, and an understanding of the mechanisms linking biotic change, carbon-cycle processes, and palaeoclimate, provides a crucial context for present-day forcing of environmental change by fossil-fuel burning. The most significant environmental change events in the Mesozoic were at the Permian–Triassic and Triassic–Jurassic boundaries, in the Early Toarcian, in the Early Aptian, and at the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary. In almost all cases the events are associated with both negative and positive carbon-isotope anomalies, signifying major perturbations to the carbon cycle. The Early Toarcian (Early Jurassic) Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE) has a particularly good record in NW Europe. Here, Early Toarcian strata are commonly laminated and/or rich in marine organic matter. Extinction affected the benthic and necktobenthic fauna, suggesting that water column and sea-floor anoxia was a principal cause of the local extinction patterns. However, there are rather few data for this event from other regions, and recently several workers have challenged the notion that the Early Toarcian was globally significant, and have instead postulated that the environmental deterioration was diachronous over timescales of several million years. If this were true, global processes resulting from flood basalt volcanism could not easily provide an explanatory framework. Of the Early Toarcian sections in NW Europe, that at Peniche, in the Lusitanian Basin of Portugal, is particularly informative. This relatively expanded section serves as a candidate GSSP for the base of the Toarcian stage. The sediments were deposited on a distal carbonate ramp, but closely adjacent to the footwall of a major basement uplift, the Berlengas–Farilhões Platform, which lay ~10-15 km to the west. The basement platform supplied coarse siliclclatic sediment and organic detritus of local terrestrial origin. Thus the strata at Peniche contain a mixture of materials from marine and non-marine sources. Carbon-isotope analysis (Hesselbo et al., 2007) of the carbonate at a very high resolution, and of woody organic matter, show that these two materials show almost identical patterns of isotopic evolution, even though one is sourced from calcareous plankton in the surface waters of the basin, and the other is from carbon taken directly from the Early Jurassic atmosphere. Localized atmospheric carbon-isotope anomalies are conceivable, if one postulates an intense persistent local source of isotopically very light carbon, but close parallelism between surface marine and terrestrial isotope curves through the whole section would be extremely unlikely in these circumstances. The reality of the atmospheric signal cannot be doubted and that implies that the isotope anomalies, and associated phenomena, are of global significance. The large carbon-isotope anomalies have particular value for stratigraphic correlation. As a result, data on environmental change in the Portugese section can be compared precisely with data from anoxic organic-rich shale of the Jet Rock, exposed on the coast of Yorkshire, UK, where other isotopic proxies indicate high surface-water temperatures (oxygen isotopes) and extreme rates of continental weathering (osmium 3 XXIII Jornadas de la Sociedad Española de Paleontología. Libro de Resúmenes isotopes). Such observations indicate that increased deep-water gravity flow sedimentation during the OAE in sections such as Peniche, were caused by sediment supply increase rather than localized sea-level fall. It is also possible to establish correlations into sections that are rather poorly constrained by biostratigraphic data, such as paralic facies. For example, the negative carbon-isotope excursion of the levisoni Zone can also be recognized in particulate woody organic matter in marginal-marine sections of Bornholm, eastern Denmark. The sediments also contain well-preserved fossil leaves that provide evidence of high atmospheric carbon-dioxide content co-incident with the excursion. In principle, it should be possible to distinguish the isotopic signature in non-marine facies in other parts of the world, although this has not yet been achieved for the Toarcian. A clear temporal link to flood basalt volcanism is established for the Toarcian OAE (i.e. with the Karoo-Ferrar large igneous province), and for other similar events. It has been suggested that greenhouse gas from volcanoes induced a warming of the atmosphere and ocean waters, which led to dissociation of oceanic gas hydrates, and release of isotopically light methane into the atmosphere. Further extreme environmental change is inferred in a positive feedback loop that was eventually brought to an end by increased organic carbon burial. However, other authors have argued that the size of the gas hydrate reservoir would have been insufficient to drive environmental change on the scale observed whilst at the same time matching the amplitude of the carbon-isotope excursion. An alternative recently suggested mechanism that links magmatic baking of organic-rich sediments in the intrusive complexes underlying flood basalt provinces possibly provides a more parsimonious explanation for these events. Such a mechanism is closely analogous in scale, and perhaps also in tempo, to our present-day liberation of carbon from fossil fuels. References Hesselbo, S.P., Jenkyns, H.C., Duarte, L.V. & Oliveira, L.C.V. 2007. Carbon-isotope record of the Early Jurassic (Toarcian) Oceanic Anoxic Event from fossil wood and marine carbonate (Lusitanian Basin, Portugal). Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 253, 455-470, doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.11.009. 4 XXIII Jornadas de la Sociedad Española de Paleontología. Libro de Resúmenes Plancton calcáreo, biomarcadores y la naturaleza de la extinción masiva finicretácica Lamolda, M. A. Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva, 18002 Granada; [email protected] La extinción del final del Período Cretácico es uno de los eventos que suscita mayor interés tanto en la comunidad académica como a nivel popular. Sin duda es el evento sobre el que hay un mayor número de trabajos durante los últimos 25 años y no por ello su interés ha disminuido. Sus registros estratigráfico y paleontológico han desvelado muchas evidencias sobre la importancia de la extinción a nivel global, aunque no con iguales consecuencias biogeográficas ni taxonómicas. El tema que más controversia ha generado ha sido el de su modo de desarrollo, es decir: ¿fue una extinción catastrófica ó por el contrario lo fue gradual? Otro tema controvertido es si esa extinción masiva estuvo ligada a una sola causa, p. ej.: el impacto con la Tierra de un cuerpo extraterrestre, o bien fue el efecto de diversas causas concurrentes no necesariamente cohetáneas. Los organismos planctónicos con endoesqueleto calcáreo: foraminíferos y nanoflora eran unos grupos diversificados según nos muestra su registro en el Maastrichtiense superior, evidencia de un ecosistema estable y complejo. Tras la extinción quedaron reducidos a unos pocos componentes oportunistas, con registros de abundancia absoluta
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  • (CARNIVORA: AMPHICYONIDAE) from the UPPER MIOCENE of BATALLONES-1, MADRID, SPAIN by STE´ PHANE PEIGNE´ *, MANUEL J

    (CARNIVORA: AMPHICYONIDAE) from the UPPER MIOCENE of BATALLONES-1, MADRID, SPAIN by STE´ PHANE PEIGNE´ *, MANUEL J

    [Palaeontology, Vol. 51, Part 4, 2008, pp. 943–965] A NEW AMPHICYONINE (CARNIVORA: AMPHICYONIDAE) FROM THE UPPER MIOCENE OF BATALLONES-1, MADRID, SPAIN by STE´ PHANE PEIGNE´ *, MANUEL J. SALESA , MAURICIO ANTO´ N and JORGE MORALES *Muse´um national d’Histoire naturelle, De´partement Histoire de la Terre, USM 0203 ⁄ UMR 5143 Pale´obiodiversite´ et Pale´oenvironnement, CP 38, 8, rue Buffon, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France; e-mail: [email protected] Departamento de Paleobiologı´a, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, c ⁄ Jose´ Gutie´rrez Abascal, 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain; e-mails: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Typescript received 4 July 2007; accepted in revised form 17 September 2007 Abstract: The vertebrate community of the late Miocene anceps gen. et sp. nov., is markedly distinct from all other locality of Batallones-1, Madrid Province, Spain, is mainly known Amphicyoninae, specifically in its hypercarnivorous composed of mammals of the order Carnivora, which rep- features (strongly compressed upper canines, absence of resents 98 per cent of the total number of macro-mammal dP1 ⁄ dp1 and P2 ⁄ p2, single-rooted p3, absence of a meta- fossils. Here, we describe craniodental remains of approxi- conid on the lower molars, and reduction of M2 relative mately 12 individuals of a new, highly specialized member to M1). of the Amphicyonidae, previously assigned to Amphicyon sp. cf. A. castellanus. A phylogenetic analysis of Amphicy- Key words: Carnivora, Amphicyonidae, Spain, Miocene, oninae shows that this new form, named Magericyon Vallesian, carnivore trap, Batallones. Since 1991, the localities of Cerro de los Batallones in This study describes the remains of another well-known Madrid Province, Spain (Text-fig.
  • Pleistocene Hippopotamuses of Mediterranean Islands

    Pleistocene Hippopotamuses of Mediterranean Islands

    18 PLEISTOCENE HIPPOPOTAMUSES OF MEDITERRANEAN ISLANDS: LOOKING FOR ANCESTORS Antonella Cinzia MARRA MARRA, A.c. 2005. Pleistocene Hippopotamuses of Mediterranean islands: looking for ancestors. InALcoVER, J.A. & BOVER, P. (eds.): Pro­ ceedings ofthe International Symposium "Insular Vertebrate Evolution: the Palaeontological Approach': Monografies de la Societat d'His­ tòria Natural de les Balears, 12: 193-204. Resum Al registre fossilífer del Pleistocè de les illes mediterrànies es coneixen hipopòtams que presenten adaptacions als ambients insulars: Hippopotamus pentlandi a Sicília i Malta, Hippopotamus melitensis a Malta, Hippopotamus cteutzburgi a Creta, Phanourios minutus a Xipre. Hi ha incerteses en la recerca dels ancestres dels hipopòtams insulars, les quals es deuen al desenvolupament de caràcters endèmics i a la confusió existent a la sistemàtica de les espècies continentals europees. A aquest treball es compara la morfologia craniana i la biometria dels hipopòtams insulars del Pleistocè amb la de les espècies continentals, i s'introdueix una discussió sobre la seva sistemàtica. Hippopotamus amphibius podria ser l'ancestre d'Hippo­ potamus pentlandi, el qual a la seva volta podria ser l'ancestre d'Hippopotamus melitensis. Hippopotamus antiquus sembla ser ]'ancestre d' Hippopotamus creutzburgi. Les característiques de Phanourios minutus similars a amphibius podrien estar relacionades amb una relació filogenètica amb aquesta espècie. Keywords: Hippopòtams, Pleistocè, illes mediterrànies. Summary Hippopotamuses, having endemic adaptations related to insular environment, are known in the Pleistocene fossil record of Mediterranean islands: Hippopotamus pentlandi in Sicily and Malta, Hippopotamus melitensis in Malta, Hippopo­ tamus creutzburgi in Crete, Phanourios minutus in Cyprus. The uncertainties in searching for ancestors of the insular hippo­ potamuses are caused by the development of endemic characters and by the confusion in the systematics of European main­ land species.