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Filipe Aragão Lima, José Fabrício De Lima Silva

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Filipe Aragão Lima, José Fabrício De Lima Silva CURSO DE AGRONOMIA AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE FISIOLÓGICA DE SEMENTES DE MARGARIDA-AFRICANA (DIMORPHOTHECA ECKLONIS ) EM DIFERENTES PERÍODOS DE ARMAZENAMENTO ASSESSMENT OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF AFRICAN-DAISY (DIMORPHOTHECA ECKLONIS ) SEEDS IN DIFFERENT STORAGE PERIODS Como citar esse artigo: Filipe Aragão Lima Lima FA, Silva JFL, Maximiano CV. Avaliação da qualidade fisiológica de sementes de margarida-africana (DIMORPHOTHECA ECKLONIS) em diferentes períodos de José Fabrício de Lima Silva armazenamento. Anais do 13 Simpósio de TCC e 6 Seminário de IC da Faculdade ICESP. 2018(13); 258-264 Christian Viterbo Maximiano Resumo A margarida-africana (Dimorphotheca ecklonis ) é uma cultura que possui um grande potencial econômico como planta ornamental, visto que a floricultura tem se mostrado um mercado em expansão no Brasil. Este trabalho teve como objetivo central avaliar a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de margarida-africana ( Dimorphotheca ecklonis ) em diferentes períodos de armazenamento. O presente trabalho foi conduzido no laboratório de análises de sementes da UnB (Universidade de Brasília). Os lotes das sementes utilizadas foram da Feltrin sementes (Industrializada no Brasil) e foram armazenadas sob temperatura controlada de 16 ºC. Foram utilizados no estudo quatro tratamentos, são eles os seguintes grupos de sementes: 2011/2011, 2013/2013, 2014/2015 e testemunha 2018/2018. O lote da testemunha foi o único do estudo não submetido a longos períodos de armazenamento. O delineamento experimental utilizado no experimento foi o DIC (Delineamento Inteiramente Casualizado). Foram realizados os seguintes métodos de avaliação da qualidade fisiológica das sementes: TPG (Teste padrão de germinação), CP (Comprimento de Plântulas), CE (Condutividade elétrica), MS (Massa Seca) e EC (Emergência de plântulas em campo). Foi observado que sementes armazenadas por longos períodos ocasionam a perda de germinaçãoe vigor. Palavras-chave: Condutividade; Margarida; Floricultura; Vigor; Recalcitrante. ABSTRACT African-daisy (Dimorphotheca ecklonis ) is a culture that has great economic potential as an ornamental plant, since floriculture shows itself as a great expansion market in Brazil. The objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological quality of african-daisy seeds (Dimorphotheca ecklonis ) in different periods of storage. The present work was carried out at the Laboratory of Seed Analysis of UnB (University of Brasília). The seeds used were seeds of Feltrin (Industrialized in Brazil) and stored under controlled temperature of 16ºC. Four treatments were used in the study, and the following groups were assisted: 2011/2011, 2013/2013, 2014/2015 and 2018/2018 control. The control plot was the only study that did not cover periods of storage. The experimental design was DIC (Completely randomized Design). The following methods were used to evaluate the physiological quality of these animals: TPG (Germination Standard), PB (seedling length), EC (electrical conductivity), DM (dry mass) and EC (field seed emission) . It has been observed that seeds stored for long periods cause the loss of germination. Keywords : Conductivity; Daisy; Floriculture; Storage; Seed. EMAIL: [email protected] Introdução Para ajudar as empresas produtoras de A margarida-africana ( Dimorphotheca ecklonis) é uma dicotiledônia pertencente à família Asteraceae e ordem Asterales, muito sementes em seus programas de controle cultivada como planta ornamental. O mercado da de qualidade é fundamental o desenvolvimento de floricultura tem apresentado um grande valor metodologias rápidas e eficientes para determinação do vigor das sementes. Neste econômico nacional e internacional, onde no sentido, é preciso juntar todos os atributos de Brasil houve um crescimento no ano de 2008- qualidade das sementes, no âmbito físico, 2011 de 8% a 10%, e no ano de 2013 o mercado genético, sanitário e fisiológico que cooperam para de flores e plantas ornamentais movimentou no que se desenvolvam plantas de elevado vigor. consumidor final cerca de 5,22 bilhões, com um (SOBRINHO et al., 2017). crescimento de 8,3 comparado com o ano Os atributos que caracterizam a qualidade anterior, o resultado do valor bruto da produção fisiológica estão relacionados com a capacidade da no mesmo ano chegou a R$ 1,49 bilhão semente de desempenhar as suas funções vitais (JUNQUEIRA et al., 2015). De acordo com que são o vigor, a germinação e a longevidade CEAGESP (2018), no ano de 2016 foram (POPINIGIS, 1985 citado por MAXIMIANO., 2017). comercializadas cerca de 27 toneladas, sendo as Sementes com baixo vigor podem ocasionar principais cidades fornecedoras, Atibaia – SP redução na velocidade de emergência, (24%), Cotia – SP (16%) e Ibiúna – SP (14%). SIMP .TCC /Sem.IC. 2018(13); 258-264 FACULDADE ICESP / ISSN: 2595-4210 258 uniformidade, tamanho inicial e na emergência quais destacam-se o endotélio. Na maturação total das plântulas, estes fatores podem ocorre o colapso da maioria das camadas e influenciar no acúmulo de matéria seca, e em seu mantem as fibras mesocárpicas externas, rendimento. (SCHEEREN et al., 2010). (GALASTRI e OLIVEIRA, 2010). O armazenamento de sementes possui Para o experimento utilizaram-se quatro várias finalidades que vai desde o conhecimento tratamentos, são eles os seguintes grupos de do potencial de armazenamento de um lote de sementes: 2011/2011, 2013/2013, 2014/2015 e sementes, regulação do comércio de sementes e testemunha 2018/2018, com quatro repetições manutenção dos recursos genéticos em banco por tratamento. O lote da testemunha foi o único germoplasma (SANTOS, 2004). do estudo não submetido a longos períodos de O armazenamento de sementes tem seu armazenamento. início logo após atingir o seu ponto de A qualidade fisiológica das sementes foram maturação fisiológica. O teor de água das avaliadas pelos seguintes testes: sementes é muito alto para que se possa 1) TPG (Teste padrão de germinação): realizar a armazenagem, as sementes precisam Para cada safra foram utilizadas 4 repetições de ficar no campo até que as condições intrínsecas 50 sementes, colocadas sobre a folha de papel da semente e do ambiente permitam a colheita, germitest, umedecidas com água destilada, as condições nesse período não são as mais colocadas em câmara climática BOD por sete favoráveis para o armazenamento, precisando dias, em uma temperatura de 25ºC. Após a que as sementes sejam retiradas do campo o germinação foram contadas o número de mais rapidamente possível (ABREU, 2010). plântulas germinadas. Os resultados foram Segundo KOHAMA et al. (2006), deve-se buscar expressos em porcentagem (DAMIAN et al., com maior frequência melhores técnicas para o 2015). armazenamento, sendo que para conservação 2) CP (Comprimento de Plântulas): Foi ainda é utilizado a redução de água da semente avaliado o comprimento das plântulas com o uso a baixas temperaturas para reduzir o de uma régua milimétrica sete dias após a metabolismo. De acordo com Souza et al. emergência, proveniente do teste de germinação (2007), o armazenamento em câmara fria (VANZOLINI et al., 2007). favorece a conservação das sementes por 3) CE (Condutividade elétrica): Foram períodos de tempo maiores. realizadas 4 repetições de 50 sementes de cada Devido a principal forma de propagação safra, colocadas em copos plásticos com 75 ml ser a semente, são necessários trabalhos de água destilada, com o tempo de embebição de referente a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de 24 horas, sobre temperatura de 25ºC na BOD, as Dimorphotheca ecklonis, ausentes na literatura leituras foram feitas com o uso do Condutivímetro atual, com suporte para comparação dos DIGIMED, o material foi retirado da câmara próximos trabalhos. climática, e cada recipiente foi mexido de forma A pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de minuciosa, com o intuito de uniformizar a solução investigar o efeito de diferentes períodos de (DAMIAN et al., 2015). armazenamento na qualidade fisiológica das 4) MS (Massa Seca): Foram avaliadas as sementes de margarida. plântulas normais, obtidas a partir dos testes de germinação, excluindo destas o endosperma Materiais e Métodos restante. As repetições de cada tratamento foram acondicionadas em sacos de papel, identificadas, e O experimento foi conduzido no laboratório levadas à estufa com circulação de ar forçado, de análises de sementes da UnB (Universidade mantida à temperatura de 80ºC por um período de de Brasília) e no viveiro 1 da NOVACAP. Foram 24 horas (VANZOLINI et al., 2007). Após este utilizadas sementes de Margarida-Africana período, cada repetição teve a massa avaliada em (Dimorphotheca ecklonis ). balança com precisão de 0,001g, e os resultados Os lotes utilizados foram da Feltrin médios expressos em miligramas. sementes (Industrializada no Brasil), compradas 5) EC (Emergência de plântulas em pela NOVACAP (Companhia Urbanizadora da campo): Foi conduzido em um canteiro, a campo Nova Capital do Brasil), armazenadas em aberto utilizando quatro repetições de 50 recipiente metálico em câmara fria sob sementes cada. Foram feitas irrigações sempre temperatura controlada à 16ºC e umidade relativa que necessário. As avaliações foram feitas aos de 60%. 14 dias após a semeadura, computando a As sementes de margarida são sementes porcentagem de plântulas germinadas (BRAZ e industrializadas pela ISLA, as sementes são ROSSETTO, 2005). uniformes contendo pericarpos stricto rodeando a O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente semente. O tegumento possui três regiões das casualizado, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram
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