Etnodžiazo Raida Ir Ypatumai

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Etnodžiazo Raida Ir Ypatumai LIETUVOS MUZIKOS IR TEATRO AKADEMIJA MUZIKOS FAKULTETAS DŽIAZO KATEDRA Dalius Garnys ETNODŽIAZO RAIDA IR YPATUMAI Studijų programa: muzikos atlikimas (džiazas, dainavimas) Magistro darbas Darbo autorius: Dalius Garnys (parašas) Darbo vadovas: Lekt. Linas Rimša (parašas) Vilnius, 2019 Santrauka Temos aktualumas. Tema yra mažai nagrinėta ir deramai neatskleista mokslinėje literatūroje. Šiame magistriniame darbe, remiantis etnodžiazo žanro raidos pradininkų ir asmenybių vykdytais muzikiniais projektais ir šio muzikos stiliaus tyrėjų bei teoretikų įžvalgomis, nagrinėjami esminiai etnodžiazo ypatumai, šio stiliaus raida pasaulyje ir jo sklaida Lietuvoje. Nuoseklios ir išsamios analizės dėka siekta išnagrinėti etnodžiazo ypatumus, skirtumus bei panašumus su kitais muzikos stiliais. Šio darbo pirmoje dalyje nagrinėjama etnodžiazo ištakos ir raida užsienyje, apžvelgtas istorinis ir kultūrinis kontekstas, etno tradicinės ir klasikinės kultūros sąsajos, lyginant su džiazo muzika. Darbo antroje dalyje didžiausias dėmesys skiriamas garsioms džiazo asmenybėms, etnodžiazo pradininkams, pasaulinio garso atlikėjams. Džiazo muzikantai savo eksperimentine muzika formavo ir ugdė įvairiausių muzikinių stilių tradicijas. Šioje darbo dalyje taip pat nagrinėjami unikalūs etnodžiazo muzikiniai projektai, kurie per šio stiliaus muziką atliko neįkainojamą komunikatyvynį vaidmenį – vystant tarptautinį kultūrinį muzikinį bendradarbiavimą. Toliau šio darbo trečios dalies skyriuje apžvelgiami tradiciniai nacionaliniai instrumentai, kurie buvo naudojami pasauliniuose etnodžiazo projektuose, paaiškinama jų reikšmė. Darbo baigiamojoje dalyje apžvelgiama Lietuvos etnodžiazo raida, šio stiliaus pradininkai ir svarbiausi projektai. Magistro darbas yra parengtas kruopščiai išnagrinėjus mokslines monografijas apie džiazo muziką, etninės muzikos judėjimą Lietuvoje, straipsnius apie etnodžiazo raidą, stilius, kultūrą, etnodžiazo pradininkų pasisakymus spaudoje, straipsnius, kuriuose patys džiazo ir folkloro muzikantai savo pasisakymais ir profesionlia patirtimi atskleidžia etnodžiazo muzikos esmę. 2 Summary Relevance of the topic. The subject has hitherto been little investigated and there is not much information in the scientific literature. This Master thesis is based on musical projects carried out by the pioneers of ethno jazz, as well as prominent jazz artists, and the insights of theorists and researchers of this music style. Furthermore, it covers the essential features of ethno jazz, the evolution of this style and its dissemination in Lithuania. The coherent and comprehensive analysis presented in this work aims to examine the peculiarities of ethno jazz, and its differences and similarities with other musical styles. The first part of this work deals with the origins and evolution of ethno jazz abroad, provides an overview of the historical and cultural context, and reflects on the interface between the ethno traditional and classical culture, compared to jazz music. The second part of this work focuses mainly on distinguished jazz artists, the pioneers of ethno jazz and world-renowned jazz performers. With their experimental music, the globally renowned jazz musicians have formed and developed a wide variety of musical styles. This part also deals with unique ethno jazz music projects that, through this style of music, have played an invaluable communicative role in the development of the international cultural-musical collaboration. The third part of this work gives an overview of the traditional national instruments that have been used in global ethno jazz projects and provides an explanation of their significance. The final part provides an overview of the development of Lithuanian ethno jazz, the pioneers of this style and major projects. The present Master thesis was prepared on the basis of a thorough examination of the scientific monographs about jazz music and information on the ethnic music movement in Lithuania, articles on the evolution of ethno jazz, the styles, culture, statements of ethno jazz pioneers in the press, and articles where the essence of ethno jazz music is revealed through jazz and folk musicians’ statements and their professional experience. 3 TURINYS ĮVADAS.....................................................................................................................................5 1. ETNODŽIAZO IŠTAKOS. PAGRINDINIAI POŽYMIAI IR RAIDA...........................6 1.1 Etnodžiazo elementai................................................................................................6 1.2 Etnodžiazo raida užsienyje.......................................................................................8 1.3 Lotynų džiazas.......................................................................................................10 2. PASAULIO ETNODŽIAZO ASMENYBĖS IR JŲ PROJEKTAI..................................11 2.1 Jimmy Giuffre Three. Album ,,The Jimmy Giuffre Three,Vol.46“ (1956 m.)......11 2.2 Joe Harriott-John Mayer Double quintet. Album „Indo-Jazz Suite“ (1967 m.).....13 2.3 Don Ellis. Album ,,Tears of Joy“ (1971 m.)..........................................................15 2.4 Don Cherry. ,,Codona“ trilogy albums (1978,1980,1982 m. )..............................18 2.5 McLaughlinas ir ,,Shakti“. Two albums (1976 m.): first album ,,Shakti“, second ,,A Handful Of Beauty“.........................................................................................20 2.6 John Zorn. Album ,,Issachar“ (1997 m.)................................................................22 2.7 Dave Douglas. Album ,,Tiny Bell Trio“ (1993 m.)...............................................25 2.8 Jan Garbarek. Album ,,Madar“ (1992 m.)..............................................................27 2.9 Herbie Hancock. Album ,,Village Life“ (1985 m.)................................................29 2.10. Tigran Hamasyan. Album,, A Fable'' (2011 m.)..................................................33 3. TRADICINIAI NACIONALINIAI INSTRUMENTAI, NAUDOTI ETNODŽIAZO PROJEKTUOSE, IR JŲ REIKŠMĖ......................................................................................35 3.1 Trumpai apie pasaulio nacionalinius instrumentus, kurie buvo minimi šiame darbe.............................................................................................................................36 4. LIETUVOS ETNODŽIAZO IŠTAKOS, ASMENYBĖS IR JŲ PROJEKTAI.............37 4.1 Etnodžiazo raida Lietuvoje.....................................................................................37 4.2 P.Vyšniausko ir V.Povilonienės albumas ,,Išlėk, Sakale’’ (1993 m.)....................38 4.3 S.Sasnausko albumas ,,Laumių sakmės“ (1991 m.)...............................................39 5. EMPIRINIS TYRIMAS...................................................................................................41 5.1 Empirinio tyrimo tikslas ir uždaviniai....................................................................41 5.2 Empirinio tyrimo metodologija..............................................................................41 6. EMPIRINIO TYRIMO EIGOS IR REZULTATŲ APRAŠYMAS................................42 6.1 Empirinio tyrimo eiga............................................................................................42 6.2 Empirinio tyrimo rezultatų analizė.........................................................................42 6.3 Empirinio tyrimo išvados.......................................................................................45 IŠVADOS LITERATŪROS SĄRAŠAS 4 Įvadas Nūdienos džiazas yra įvairialypis, turtingas muzikinės išraiškos formomis, išsiskiriantis originalumu, gausia įvairiausių priemonių raiška. Dabartiniam džiazui svarbiausia – asmenybė. Džiazas, kaip muzikos rūšis, formavosi XIX amžiaus pabaigoje – XX amžiaus pradžioje. Džiazo menas grindžiamas improvizacija. Atvira, gyva, nuolat kintanti forma laikui bėgant asimiliavosi ir asimiliuojasi iki šiol. Tai stebima daugelyje pasaulio muzikinių kultūrų. Džiazo muzikinės improvizacijos – tai tarsi spalvinė muzikinė paletė, kurią galima tapyti įvairiausiomis spalvomis. Tai muzika, kuri padeda išreikšti asmenybės – Kūrėjo jausmus ir dvasinį žmogaus pasaulį. Revoliuciniai XX a. meno kalbos pokyčiai palietė visas meno sritis, tarp jų ir muziką – ne tik todėl, kad skirtingų sričių menininkai bendravo tarpusavyje, bet ir dėl ekonominės padėties, politinių bei istorinių įvykių, vyraujančių idėjų, madingų raiškos fromų. Džiazo evoliucija truko gana neilgai (kiek daugiau nei vieną amžių), tačiau greitai ir dinamiškai. Praktiškai kas dešimtmetį pačių talentingiausių ir gabiausių muzikantų pastangomis buvo kuriamas vis naujas, dar negirdėtas muzikos stilius arba muzikinė kryptis. Svarbu paminėti tai, kad džiazo tapsmas – nuolatinis, nesustojantis procesas. Jis nuolat kinta ir vystosi. XX a. pabaigoje iškilo daugybė talentingų džiazo muzikantų, pelniusių pasaulinį pripažinimą. Atsirado daugybė naujų džiazo krypčių ir stilių. Skirtingų šalių ir regionų muzikantai džiazo tradicijas sėkmingai jungia su savo tautų muzika, folkloru. Džiazo pasaulyje gimsta etnodžiazas. Geriausi pasaulio muzikantai susitinka skirtingose šalyse reguliariai rengiamuose džiazo festivaliuose, groja vieni kitiems, klausosi vieni kitų, mokosi vieni iš kitų ir nuolatos išranda vis naujų būdų išreikšti savo mintis ir jausmus etnodžiazo kalba. Šiame darbe taip pat bus aptariamas ir Lietuvos etnodžiazas. Šio darbo vienas uždavinių – tai siekis išnagrinėti, išanalizuoti pasaulio ir Lietuvos etnodžiazo raidą, parodyti tapatumus bei tam tikrus
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