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Interim Report March 2011 TERCO: Interim Report March 2011 TERCO European Territorial Cooperation as a Factor of Growth, Jobs and Quality of Life Applied Research 2013/1/9 Interim Report | Version 4/04/2011 1 TERCO: Interim Report March 2011 This report presents the interim results of an Applied Research Project conducted within the framework of the ESPON 2013 Programme, partly financed by the European Regional Development Fund. The partnership behind the ESPON Programme consists of the EU Commission and the Member States of the EU27, plus Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. Each partner is represented in the ESPON Monitoring Committee. This report does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the members of the Monitoring Committee. Information on the ESPON Programme and projects can be found on www.espon.eu The web site provides the possibility to download and examine the most recent documents produced by finalised and ongoing ESPON projects. This basic report exists only in an electronic version. © ESPON & EUROREG - Centre for European Regional and Local Studies, University of Warsaw, 2011. Printing, reproduction or quotation is authorised provided the source is acknowledged and a copy is forwarded to the ESPON Coordination Unit in Luxembourg. 2 TERCO: Interim Report March 2011 List of authors EUROREG – University of Warsaw, LP Prof. Grzegorz Gorzelak Dr Marek Kozak Dr Maciej Smętkowski Dr Katarzyna Zawalińska MA Dorota Celińska-Janowicz MA Adam Płoszaj Tymoteusz Wronka EPRC – University of Strathclyde, PP2 Prof. John Bachtler Dr Irene McMaster Heidi Vironen IGEAT- Free University of Brussels, PP3 Dr Valerie Biot KARELIAN INSTITUTE - University of Eastern Finland, PP4 Prof. Heikki Eskelinen Prof. James Scott Dr Sarolta Nemeth MSSc Matti Fritsch DPRD – University of Thessaly, PP5 Prof. Lefteris Topalaglou Prof. George Petrakos Dr Dimitris Kallioras Dr Victor Cupcea UAM – Autonomous University of Madrid, PP6 Prof. Antonio Vazquez Barquero Prof. Javier Alfonso Others: Dr Sabine Zillmer (Spatial Foresight) Dr Olga Mrinska The authors would like to thank the ESPON Coordination Unit and the Sounding Board, Philippe Doucet and Joaquin Farinos Dasi, for their valuable comments, which were taken into account for this Interim Report. 3 TERCO: Interim Report March 2011 Table of contents 1. Executive summary ............................................................................................. 7 1.1 Aims of the project ................................................................. 7 1.2 Research approach ................................................................. 8 1.3 Main findings ....................................................................... 10 1.4 Further research ................................................................... 12 2. Outline of literature and methodology ............................................................ 13 2.1 Main goals, hypothesis and research questions ......................... 13 2.2 Shaping of the territorial cooperation ...................................... 15 2.2.1 Application of literature and other studies ............................. 15 2.2.2 Policy relevance ................................................................. 16 2.2.3 Determinants of territorial cooperation ................................. 18 2.3 Conceptual model of TTC ....................................................... 21 2.3.1 Structural Equation Modelling .............................................. 24 2.4 Types of transnational territorial cooperation (TTC) ................... 25 2.5 Case Studies ........................................................................ 27 2.5.1 TERCO Standardised Electronic Questionnaires (CAWI) ........... 34 2.5.2 TERCO In-depth Interviews (IDI) ......................................... 36 2.5.3 Cases studies targeted on governance .................................. 36 2.6 Governance of territorial cooperation ...................................... 40 2.6.1 Governance structures, frameworks and models .................... 43 2.6.1.1 Key characteristics ........................................................ 43 2.6.1.2 Overview ..................................................................... 46 2.6.1.3 Governance challenges .................................................. 47 2.6.1.4 Governance processes ................................................... 51 2.7 Network Analysis .................................................................. 52 2.8 Typologies of TTC and TTC driven development ........................ 55 2.9 Databases ........................................................................... 56 2.9.1 Database on INTERREGs III and IV strands A, B, C ................ 56 2.9.2 Database on regional socio-economic development ................ 57 2.9.3 Database on TwinningCities ................................................. 58 2.9.4 Database on transcontinental cooperation. ............................ 59 3. Preliminary findings and state of art in the project ....................................... 60 3.1 Intensity and degree of TTC ................................................... 60 3.2 Governance structures for TTC ............................................... 63 3.2.1 Institutional and governance arrangements: INTERREG .......... 64 3.2.2 Institutional and governance arrangements: EGTC ................. 66 3.2.3 General framework of the EGTC regulation ............................ 67 3.2.3.1 Institutional and governance arrangements ...................... 68 3.3 Specific border situations ....................................................... 71 3.4 Conditions of Action at the EU External Borders ........................ 73 4 TERCO: Interim Report March 2011 4. Further proceeding towards the Draft Final Report ...................................... 75 4.1 Next stages in each Workpackage ........................................... 75 4.2 TERCO Time table ................................................................. 77 4.3 Dissemination ...................................................................... 78 5. Bibliography ....................................................................................................... 80 6. Annexes .............................................................................................................. 90 6.1 Annex: TECO Standardised Questionnaire ................................ 91 6.2 Annex: TERCO In-depth Interview .........................................105 6.3 Annex: Case Study: detailed description of the regions ............108 6.3.1 Finland-Russian Federation .................................................108 6.3.2 Poland-Slovakia-Ukraine ....................................................110 6.3.3 Poland-Germany-Czech Republic .........................................113 6.3.4 Scotland-Sweden-Norway ..................................................117 6.3.5 Belgium-France .................................................................119 6.3.6 Greece-Bulgaria-Turkey .....................................................122 6.3.7 Spain-Argentina ................................................................127 6.3.8 Spain-Uruguay .................................................................131 6.3.9 Spain-Marocco ..................................................................135 6.4 Annex: Examples from the INTERREG A III and IV database .....138 6.5 Annex: Examples from Socio-economic database .....................141 6.6 Annex: Examples from Transcontinental database ...................142 6.7 Annex: Ideas from other ESPON projects for TERCO ................169 List of Figures Figure 1-1 Relationship between different types of TTC .......................... 8 Figure 2-1 TERCO-SEM model of territorial cooperation ....................... 23 Figure 2-2: Research approach to governance of TTC .......................... 40 Figure 2-3 Characteristics of territorial cooperation governance structures ........ 47 Figure 2-4 Mobilising and implementing cooperation ........................... 51 Figure 2-5 Visualisation of INTERREG IIIC projects in Network Analysis ........ 54 Figure 4-1 TERCO website in Greek ................................................... 78 List of Tables Table 2-1 Mapping policy and research questions and project objectives 14 Table 2-2 Five types of TTCs according to distinctive criteria ......................... 27 Table 2-3 Countries selected for Case Studies .................................... 28 Table 2-4 Delimitation of NUTS2 and NUTS 3 regions .......................... 30 Table 2-5 Number of CS LAU2 (or equivalents) by countries ................. 35 Table 2-6 Typology of TTC based on degree and intensity of cooperation ......... 56 5 TERCO: Interim Report March 2011 Table 2-7 Templates for INTERREG B and C data sets ......................... 57 Table 2-8 Templates of data tables inTwinningCities database .............. 59 List of Maps Map 2-1 Case Study: Finland – Russian Federation ............................. 31 Map 2-2 Case Study: Poland-Slovakia-Ukraine ................................... 31 Map 2-3 Case Study: Poland-Germany-Czech Republic ........................ 31 Map 2-4 Case Study: Scotland-Norway-Sweden ................................. 32 Map 2-5 Case Study: Belgium-France ................................................ 32 Map 2-6 Case Study: Greece-Bulgaria-Turkey .................................... 32 Map 2-7 Case Study: Spain-Argentina ............................................... 33 Map 2-8 Case Study: Spain-Uruguay
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