NRCS Keys to Soil Taxonomy
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Soil Taxonomy" in Particular ,
1. CONTROL NUMBER 2. SUBECT CLASSIFICATION (695) BIBLIOGRAPItlC DATA SHEET IN-AAJ-558 AF26-0000-0000 3. TITLE ANt) SUBTITLE (240) Experimental designs for predicting crop productivity with environmental and economic inputs for al rotcchnology transfer 4. PERSON.\I. AUTHORS (10P) Silva, J. A. 5. CORPORATE AUTHORS (101) Hawaii Univ. College of Tropical Agriculture 6. IDOCUMEN2< DATE (110)7. NUMBER OF PAGES (120) 8.ARC NUMBER [7 1981 13n631.5.S586b __ 9. R FRENCE ORGANIZATION (130) Hawaii 10. SUPI'PLEMENTARY NOTES (500) (In Departmental paper 49) 11. ABSTRACT (950) 12. DESCRIPTORS (920) 13. PROJECT NUMBER (150) Agricultural production Agricultural technology 931582C00 Technology transferi!Techoloy tansferYieldY e d14. CONTRACT NO.(I It)) 15. CONTRACT Soil fertility Experimentation TYPE (140) Tropics Productivity AID/ta-C-1108 Forecasting 16. TYPE OF DOCUMENT (160) AM 590-7 (10-79) Departmental Paper 49 Experimental Designs for Predicting Crop Productivity with Environmental and Economic Inputs for Agrotechnology Transfer Edited by James A. Silva ...... ,..,... *** .......... ....* ...... .... .. 00400O 00€€€€*00 .. ...* Y Y*b***S4....... ~~~.eeeeeoeeeeeU ........ o .. *.4.............*e............ :0 ooee............. ........... ....... nae of T c.e Haw i. ns..ut. CollegeofTrpclgr.cut a UnversityoHa B....EMAR.SO University of Hawaiio~ee BENCHMAR SO I Le~eSPoJECTU/ADCotac o.t-C1 14.. C4 '4 t 10 wte IA:A 77 d E/ Adt , I 26Esi ',. ,~ )~'I *3-! * Ire ~ -I ~ 0 1 N Koel4 'I M M Experimental Designs for Predicting Crop Productivity with Environmental and Economic Inputs for Agrotechnology Transfer Edited by James A. Silva Benchmark Soils Project UH/AiD Contract No. to-C-1108 The Author James A. Silva is Soil Scientist and Principal Investigator, Benchmark Soils Project/Hawaii, Department of Agronomy and Soil Science, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii, Honolulu. -
World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014 International Soil Classification System for Naming Soils and Creating Legends for Soil Maps
ISSN 0532-0488 WORLD SOIL RESOURCES REPORTS 106 World reference base for soil resources 2014 International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps Update 2015 Cover photographs (left to right): Ekranic Technosol – Austria (©Erika Michéli) Reductaquic Cryosol – Russia (©Maria Gerasimova) Ferralic Nitisol – Australia (©Ben Harms) Pellic Vertisol – Bulgaria (©Erika Michéli) Albic Podzol – Czech Republic (©Erika Michéli) Hypercalcic Kastanozem – Mexico (©Carlos Cruz Gaistardo) Stagnic Luvisol – South Africa (©Márta Fuchs) Copies of FAO publications can be requested from: SALES AND MARKETING GROUP Information Division Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00100 Rome, Italy E-mail: [email protected] Fax: (+39) 06 57053360 Web site: http://www.fao.org WORLD SOIL World reference base RESOURCES REPORTS for soil resources 2014 106 International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps Update 2015 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2015 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. -
Keys to Soil Taxonomy
United States Department of Agriculture Keys to Soil Taxonomy Ninth Edition, 2003 Keys to Soil Taxonomy By Soil Survey Staff United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service Ninth Edition, 2003 The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410, or call 202-720-5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Cover: A natric horizon with columnar structure in a Natrudoll from Argentina. 5 Table of Contents Foreword .................................................................................................................................... 7 Chapter 1: The Soils That We Classify.................................................................................. 9 Chapter 2: Differentiae for Mineral Soils and Organic Soils ............................................... 11 Chapter 3: Horizons and Characteristics Diagnostic for the Higher Categories ................. -
Characteristics and Formation of So-Called Red-Yellow Podzolic Soils in the Humid Tropics (Sarawak-Malaysia)
Characteristics and Formation of so-called Red-Yellow Podzolic Soils in the Humid Tropics (Sarawak-Malaysia) J.P, Andriesse Characteristics and Formation of so-called Red-Yellw Podzolic Soils in the Humid Tropics (Sarawak-Malaysia) This thesis will also be published as Communication nr. 66 of the Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam Characteristics and Formation of so-called Red^ellow Podzolic Soils in the Humid Tropics (Sarawak-Malaysia) Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor in de Wiskunde en Natuur- wetenschappen aan de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht, op gezag van de Rector Magnificus Prof. Dr. Sj. Groenman, volgens besluit van het College van Dekanen in het openbaar te verdedigen op 8 decem- ber 1975 des namiddags te 4.15 uur door Jacobus Pieter Andriesse geboren op 28 maart 1929 te Middelburg Scanned from original by ISRIC - World Soil Information, as ICSU World Data Centre for Soils. The purpose is to make a safe depository for endangered documents and to make the accrued information available for consultation, following Fair Use' Guidelines. Every effort is taken to respect Copyright of the materials within the archives where the identification of the .Copyright holder is clear and, where feasible, to contact the originators. For questions please contact [email protected] indicating the item reference number concerned. Promotores: Prof.Dr.Ir. L.J. Pons, Landbouwhogeschool, Wageningen Prof.Dr. R.D. Schuiling Dit proefschrift kwam in zijn volledigheid tot stand onder leiding van Prof.Dr.Ir. F.A. van Baren f Preface Sarawak - a geography of life 'Extensive, almost inaccessible swamps, stretching along the coast, must be passed to reach the hills which in their monotonous repetition of heights and valleys wear down the traveller, but from where the lofty mountains beyond beckon to carry on' I dedicate this thesis to the memory of my late parents who through their efforts enabled me to receive the basic education which opened the door for my professional career, but who through their premature decease could not witness the results of their labour. -
This File Was Created by Scanning the Printed Publication
This file was created by scanning the printed publication. Text errors identified by the software have been corrected; however, some errors may remain. Editors SHARON E. CLARKE is a geographer and GIS analyst, Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331; and SANDRA A. BRYCE is a biogeographer, Dynamac Corporation, Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, Corvallis, OR 97333. This document is a product of cooperative research between the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service; the Forest Science De- partment, Oregon State University; and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Cover Artwork Cover artwork was designed and produced by John Ivie. Abstract Clarke, Sharon E.; Bryce, Sandra A., eds. 1997. Hierarchical subdivisions of the Columbia Plateau and Blue Mountains ecoregions, Oregon and Washington. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-395. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 114 p. This document presents two spatial scales of a hierarchical, ecoregional framework and provides a connection to both larger and smaller scale ecological classifications. The two spatial scales are subregions (1:250,000) and landscape-level ecoregions (1:100,000), or Level IV and Level V ecoregions. Level IV ecoregions were developed by the Environmental Protection Agency because the resolution of national-scale ecoregions provided insufficient detail to meet the needs of state agencies for estab- lishing biocriteria, reference sites, and attainability goals for water-quality regulation. For this project, two ecoregions—the Columbia Plateau and the Blue Mountains— were subdivided into more detailed Level IV ecoregions. -
Restrictive Horizons
Restrictive Horizons Some soils in North Carolina have a soil horizon which may restrict the vertical movement of water and detrimentally affect the the performance of a septic tank system. Identification of restrictive horizons is therefore an important component of a site evaluation for septic tank systems. This presentation will introduce you to information regarding restrictive horizons. A thorough understanding of restrictive horizons is not possible though without considerable field experience. 1 NDWRCDP Disclaimer This work was supported by the National Decentralized Water Resources Capacity Development Project (NDWRCDP) with funding provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through a Cooperative Agreement (EPA No. CR827881-01-0) with Washington University in St. Louis. These materials have not been reviewed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. These materials have been reviewed by representatives of the NDWRCDP. The contents of these materials do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the NDWRCDP, Washington University, or the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute their endorsement or recommendation for use. 2 CIDWT/University Disclaimer These materials are the collective effort of individuals from academic, regulatory, and private sectors of the onsite/decentralized wastewater industry. These materials have been peer-reviewed and represent the current state of knowledge/science in this field. They were developed through a series of writing and review meetings with the goal of formulating a consensus on the materials presented. These materials do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of North Carolina State University, and/or the Consortium of Institutes for Decentralized Wastewater Treatment (CIDWT). -
Field Book for Describing and Sampling Soils Version
Field Book for Describing and Sampling Soils Version 2.0 National Soil Survey Center Natural Resources Conservation Service U.S. Department of Agriculture September 2002 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The science and knowledge in this document are distilled from the collective experience of thousands of dedicated Soil Scientists during the more than 100 years of the National Cooperative Soil Survey Program. A special thanks is due to these largely unknown stewards of the natural resources of this nation. This book was written, compiled, and edited by Philip J. Schoeneberger, Douglas A. Wysocki, Ellis C. Benham, NRCS, Lincoln, NE; and William D. Broderson, NRCS, Salt Lake City, UT. Special thanks and recognition are extended to those who contributed extensively to the preparation and production of this book: the 75 soil scientists from the NRCS along with NCSS cooperators who reviewed and improved it; Tammy Nepple for document preparation and graphics; Howard Camp for graphics; Jim Culver for sponsoring it; and the NRCS Soil Survey Division for funding it. Proper citation for this document is: Schoeneberger, P.J., Wysocki, D.A., Benham, E.C., and Broderson, W.D. (editors), 2002. Field book for describing and sampling soils, Version 2.0. Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Soil Survey Center, Lincoln, NE. Cover Photo: Soil profile of a Segno fine sandy loam (Plinthic Paleudalf) showing reticulate masses or blocks of plinthite at 30 inches (profile tape is in feet). Courtesy of Frankie F. Wheeler (retired), NRCS, Temple TX; and Larry Ratliff (retired), National Soil Survey Center, Lincoln, NE. Use of trade or firm names is for reader information only, and does not constitute endorsement or recommended use by the U.S. -
Soil Hydraulic Properties of Plinthosol in the Middle Yangtze River Basin, Southern China
water Article Soil Hydraulic Properties of Plinthosol in the Middle Yangtze River Basin, Southern China Yongwu Wang 1, Tieniu Wu 1,2,* , Jianwu Huang 1, Pei Tian 1,* , Hailin Zhang 1 and Tiantian Yang 3 1 Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis & Simulation, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; [email protected] (Y.W.); [email protected] (J.H.); [email protected] (H.Z.) 2 Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA 3 School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (T.W.); [email protected] (P.T.) Received: 16 May 2020; Accepted: 20 June 2020; Published: 23 June 2020 Abstract: Soil hydraulic properties are ecologically important in arranging vegetation types at various spatial and temporal scales. However, there is still a lack of detailed understanding of the basic parameters of plinthosol in the Middle Yangtze River basin. This paper focuses on the soil hydraulic properties of three plinthosol profiles at Yueyang (YE), Wuhan (WH), and Jiujiang (JU) and tries to reveal the origin of plinthosol and the relationship among the soil hydraulic parameters. Discriminant analysis indicated that the plinthosol in the JU profile was of aeolian origin, while that in the WH and YE profiles was of alluvial origin; soil hydraulic properties varied greatly among these profiles. The proportion of macro-aggregates (>0.25 mm, weight%) in the JU profile (88.28%) was significantly higher than that in the WH (73.63%) and YE (57.77%) profiles; the water holding capacity and saturated hydraulic conductivity of JU plinthosol was also higher than that of WH and YE plinthosol; the fact that Dr and Di of the JU profile are lower than those of the YE and WH profiles illustrates the stability of JU plinthosol is better than that of YE and WH plinthosol, which is consistent with the fractal dimension of aggregates. -
Soil Climate Regimes of Pennsylvania
Penn State Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 873 Soil Climate Regimes of Pennsylvania College of Agricultural Sciences Soil Climate Regimes of Pennsylvania William J. Waltman, Edward J. Ciolkosz, Maurice J. Mausbach, Mark D. Svoboda, Douglas A. Miller, and Philip J. Kolb Penn State Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 873 April 1997 A cooperative project of the NRCS Soil Quality Institute and the Penn State Agricultural Experiment Station Soil Quality Institute, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Iowa State University, Ames, IA National Soil Survey Center, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Lincoln, NE ii SOIL CLIMATE REGIMES OF PENNSYLVANIA Correct Citation: Waltman, W.J., E.J. Ciolkosz, M. J. Mausbach, M.D. Svoboda, D. A. Miller, and P.J. Kolb. 1997. Soil Climate Regimes of Pennsylvania. Bulletin No. 873, Pennsylvania State University Agricultural Experiment Station, University Park, PA 16802. About the Authors William J. Waltman is GIS Specialist, Northern Plains Regional Office, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Lincoln, NE. Edward J. Ciolkosz is Professor of Soil Genesis, Agronomy Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA. Maurice J. Mausbach is Director, Soil Quality Institute, Natural Resources Conservaton Service, Iowa State University, Ames, IA. Mark D. Svoboda is Climate Resources Specialist, National Drought Mitigation Center, Department of Agricultural Meteorology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE. Douglas A. Miller is Research Associate, Earth System Science Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA. Phlip J. Kolb is Research Assistant, Earth System Science Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, and marital or familial status. -
Proceedings-Management and Productivity of Western-Montane Forest Soils
This file was created by scanning the printed publication. Errors identified by the software have been corrected; however, some errors may remain. DO~SOaFORMATION PROCESSES AND PROPERTIES IN WESTERN-MONTANE FOREST TYPES AND LANDSCAPES-SOME IMPLICATIONS FOR PRODUCTIVITY AND MANAGEMENT Robert T. Meurisse Wayne A. Robbie Jerry Niehoff Gary Ford ABSTRACT Soil is the primary medium for regulating movement and storage of energy and water and for regulating The principal soil orders in western-montane forests cycles and availability of plant nutrients. Soil also pro are Inceptisols, Alfisols, Andisols, and Mollisols. Soil vides anchorage, aeration, heat for roots, and is home moisture and temperature regimes strongly influence for many decomposers and element-transforming organ forest type distribution and productivity. The most pro isms. Informed inquiry and understanding are critical ductive and resilient forests are on soils with udic mois for making sound decisions about effective and efficient ture and frigid temperature regimes. Soils with low use and management of these vital resources. The objec water-holding capacity in us tic, xeric, and aridic mois tives of this paper are to: (1) characterize the dominant ture regimes and those with cryic temperature regimes soil-formation processes and properties in the principal are least productive and resilient. Soil organic carbon western-montane forest types and landscapes; (2) illus and nitrogen contents range from about 20,000 to more trate the major soil moisture and temperature regime than 100,000 and 1,200 to 9,000 pounds per acre. gradients of these forest types; and (3) discuss some implications for ecosystem function, productivity, and INTRODUCTION management. -
Rationale for a Plinthic Horizon in Soil Taxonomy
Rationale for a Plinthic Horizon in Soil Taxonomy John A. Kelley 1, Charles M. Ogg 2 and Michael A. Wilson 3 1USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Raleigh, NC, USA 2USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Bishopville, SC, USA 3USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Lincoln, NE, USA INTRODUCTION Plinthite is one of only a few soil features that are defined by change of physical characteristics through exposure to the atmosphere. Consistent identification and quantification is the central issue for classifying and correlating plinthic soils. A definition for plinthite was proposed by Dr. Ray Daniels and colleagues (Daniel et al., 1978). The following proposed definition incorporates concepts from the current definition from Soil Taxonomy (Soil Survey Staff, 1999), additional concepts proposed by Daniels, and terminology expressed in the “World Reference Base for Soil Resources” (IUSS Working Group RB, 2006). It also takes into consideration observations made during the Dense Soil Properties Study of Selected Soils in the Southern Coastal Plain, Sumter and Lee Counties, SC, 2006, as well as other field observations made of soils containing plinthite in the Southeast U.S. The major difference in the proposed description is the addition of a cementation requirement to the definition of plinthite. The cementation criteria will allow for consistent measurement and quantification of plinthic materials. The intent is not to radically change previous concepts but to refine and build on established principles and recorded field observations . Plinthite Plinthite (Gr. plinthos , brick) is an iron-rich, humus-poor mixture of clay with quartz and other highly weathered minerals. It commonly occurs as reddish redox concentrations in a layer that has a polygonal (irregular), platy (lenticular), or reticulate (blocky) pattern. -
Jarauta-Bragulat, E. (1998)
PRESENTING, ANALYSING AND COMPARING TWO SOIL MOISTURE REGIME SIMULATION MODELS. APPLICATION TO MOISTURE REGIMES ESTIMATION OF CATALONIA SOILS. Eusebi JARAUTA-BRAGULAT Dept of Applied Mathematics III. Civil Engineering School, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. C/. Gran Capità, s/n. Edif. C2. 08034-Barcelona (Spain). E-mail: [email protected] Carme HERVADA-SALA Dept of Physics and Nuclear Engineering. Industrial Engineering School, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. C/. Colom, 1. 08222-Terrassa (Spain). E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Two main models have been developped for soil moisture regime simulation. The first one was presented by F.Newhall in 1976; the second one was proposed by E.Jarauta in 1989, modifying important aspects of such model: soil profile modelling, infiltration process simulation, evapotranspiration process simulation and Soil Taxonomy criteria application. In this paper we present and analyse both models, and compare their application to soil moisture regime estimation of Catalonia soils. Results obtained are compared to field data. We also present a discussion of the most important aspects to improve in soil moisture regime modelling. 1. INTRODUCTION Soil surveys rely very heavily on soil classification. The usefulness of a soil survey is a critical component in the way that soil science can be made available to users. However, soil surveys are only valuable if the information they contain can help to solve soil-related problems. Soil surveys often contain information that may appear to be of limited value; alternatively, users may not be able to understand some data included in a soil survey report. The amount of useful information in soil surveys should be increased; this can be done by increasing the total information but also by making more reliable predictions from the data.