Chapter 11: Behaviorism
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CHAPTER Personality TEN Psychology
10/14/08 CHAPTER Personality TEN Psychology Psychology 370 Sheila K. Grant, Ph.D. SKINNER AND STAATS: Professor California State University, Northridge The Challenge of Behaviorism Chapter Overview Chapter Overview RADICAL BEHAVIORISM: SKINNER Part IV: The Learning Perspective PSYCHOLOGICAL BEHAVIORISM: STAATS Illustrative Biography: Tiger Woods Reinforcement Behavior as the Data for Scientific Study The Evolutionary Context of Operant Behavior Basic Behavioral Repertoires The Rate of Responding The Emotional-Motivational Repertoire Learning Principles The Language-Cognitive Repertoire Reinforcement: Increasing the Rate of Responding The Sensory-Motor Repertoire Punishment and Extinction: Decreasing the Rate of Situations Responding Additional Behavioral Techniques Psychological Adjustment Schedules of Reinforcement The Nature-Nurture Question from the Applications of Behavioral Techniques Perspective of Psychological Behaviorism Therapy Education Radical Behaviorism and Personality Theory: Some Concerns Chapter Overview Part IV: The Learning Perspective Personality Assessment from a Ivan Pavlov: Behavioral Perspective Heuristic Accendental Discovery The Act-Frequency Approach to Personality Classical Conditioning Measurement John B. Watson: Contributions of Behaviorism to Personality Theory and Measurement Early Behaviorist B. F. Skinner: Radical Behaviorism Arthur Staats: Psychological Behaviorism 1 10/14/08 Conditioning—the process of learning associations . Ivan Pavlov Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning . 1849-1936 -
Integrating Play and Family Therapies to Help Children with Anxiety
Integrating Play and Family Therapies to Help Children with Anxiety | EMAN TADROS, MS, MFT 16 | PLAYTHERAPY | March 2018 | www.a4pt.org COMMENTS BY CLINICAL EDITOR: Suggestions for helping children with anxiety through family play therapy. raditional family therapy approaches are significantly Combining Play and Family Therapies geared more towards adolescents and adults, though Keith and Whitaker (1981) posited that there are many parallels Lund, Zimmerman, and Haddock (2002) argued that between the process of play therapy and family therapy, notably, family therapy “can become child friendly with a little that structure is critical, scope is increased through magic and adaptation and creativity” (p. 448). Lund and colleagues rituals, play constantly weaves the symbolic and the real, and body (2002) reported many barriers that prevent therapists language is always implicit. They proposed that play therapy utilizes from including young children in family therapy, including a belief T a “parental surrogate” to help children adjust on biopsychosocial that it was acceptable to exclude children from family therapy levels to different settings in their world, such as home, school, sessions if the therapist was uncomfortable with their presence. and playground (Keith & Whitaker, 1981, p. 244). Play therapists are Willis, Walters, and Crane (2014) offered that marriage and family already familiar with how the interplay between symbolic and real therapists (MFT) “tend to view child-focused work as the realm is freely exhibited in the child’s self-expression (Landreth, 2012), as of child or play therapists rather than family therapists” (p. 288). well as how structure is crucial to the process in both directive and I would argue that child-focused work is the duty of all therapists non-directive approaches. -
A(Nthony) Charles Catania Curriculum Vitae August 2018
A(nthony) Charles Catania Curriculum Vitae August 2018 Date of Birth, New York, NY: 22 June 1936 Married: Constance Julia Britt, 10 February 1962 Children: William John, 3 February 1964 Kenneth Charles, 5 November 1965 Educational History P.S. 132, Manhattan; Bronx High School of Science, Class of 1953 A.B., Columbia College, 1957 New York State Regents Scholarship; Phi Beta Kappa; Highest Honors with Distinction in Psychology M.A., Columbia University, 1958 Ph.D. in Psychology, Harvard University, 1961 (March) National Science Foundation Fellow, 1958-60 Professional History Columbia College Teaching Assistant, 1956-58 Bell Telephone Laboratories Research Technician (under H. M. Jenkins), Summer 1958 Harvard University Research Fellow in Psychology (supported by B. F. Skinner’s NSF Grant), 1960-62 Smith Kline and French Laboratories Senior Pharmacologist (under L. Cook), 1962-64 University College of Arts and Science, New York University Assistant Professor, 1964-66; Associate Professor, 1966-69; Professor and Department Chair, 1969-73 University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) Professor, 1973-2008; Program Director/CoDirector, Applied Behavior Analysis MA track, 1998- 2007; Professor Emeritus, Departmental Curmudgeon, 2008- University of Wales (formerly University College of North Wales) Professorial Fellow and Fulbright Senior Research Fellow, 1986-87; Visiting Research Fellow, 1989- Keio University, Tokyo, Japan Visiting Professor, July 1992 Office: Department of Psychology (Emeritus Faculty office, Sondheim 012) University of -
On Spirituality Century with the Rise of Secular Views on Spirituality [10, 11]
February 2008 The Irish Psychologist ARTICLE historical and conceptual coupling between religiosity and spirituality, a conceptual coupling that has been thrown into disarray over the past On Spirituality century with the rise of secular views on spirituality [10, 11]. I recently asked a group of third year Part 1: Deconstructing, students, "Do you think psychologists should study spirituality?" Some of grappling, and moving in the them said, "No, spirituality cannot be observed or objectively measured – it has no place in psychological field of others science." I wondered if this reply reflected a misunderstanding of Michael J. Hogan the goals of psychological science - a curious negation of certain Mike Hogan is a lecturer in psychology at the National University of Ireland, categories of human experience as a Galway. Correspondence regarding this article may be addressed by email to focus of inquiry - or simply a dislike [email protected]. for entertaining ideas that are in some way associated with orthodox religion. In truth, I cannot claim to have direct The highest activity a human being can and every attempt to construct an access to the minds of my students, attain is learning for understanding, objective account of consciousness and I can only speculate as to why because to understand is to be free struggles with the problem of human they think the way they think. At the Baruch Spinoza, Ethics subjectivity [6, 7]. Consciousness same time, even though the students itself - coupled with our prolific failed to tell me what spirituality is, We are staggeringly lucky to find imaginations - can offer us a sense many students did at least consider ourselves in the spotlight. -
Historical Thinking As a Tool for Theoretical Psychology on Objectivity Thomas Teo
Part II Historical Approaches 9 Historical Thinking as a Tool for Theoretical Psychology On Objectivity Thomas Teo In this chapter, I discuss the relevance of historical thinking for theoretical and philosophical psychology. In particular, I am interested in how historical thought styles (Fleck 1979) can be used as tools for theoretical psychology. In the follow ing reconstructions, five approaches of historical thinking that contribute to an understanding of psychological problems are discussed: history of science, history of the present, history as reconstruction, history of the politics of difference, and historical psychology. I use the concept of objectivity as an example to demonstrate the relevance of these approaches to theoretical psychology. It should be mentioned that the relationship between the history of psychology, which may incorporate some of the above‐mentioned thought styles, and the theory of psychology, is a complicated one (Teo 2013). The term historical thinking encompasses more approaches than the subdiscipline of the history of psychology. I suggest that temporality and professional histories are not sufficient to theoretical thinking in psychology and that professional history, as important as it is, is only one element in the discussion of temporality. Rather, I recommend that theoretical psychologists should include various historical thought styles in their endeavors as they were developed by historians as well as philosophers, social scientists, and psychologists, many of whom have engaged in critical approaches to the problem. History of Science Histories of science are sometimes presented by trained historians, but also by scientists‐turned‐historians. In this thought style, history has primacy but there are often theoretical implications that have major consequences for various The Wiley Handbook of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology: Methods, Approaches, and New Directions for Social Sciences, First Edition. -
Play Parent Workbook
PL Physical Literacy AY Assessment for Youth CS4L PHYSICAL LITERACY parentCS4L PLAYparent Workbook 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS What is Physical Literacy? 4 What is PLAY? 5 What is PLAYparent? 6 PLAYparent Workbook 7 Physical Literacy Visual Analog Scale (VAS) 8 Cognitive Domain: Confdence, Motivation and Comprehension 9 Framework 9 Question 1. Confdence to participate in physical activity and sport 9 Question 2. Motivation to participate in physical activity and sport 10 Question 3. Understands movement terms like skip, gallop, hop and jump 10 Question 4. Desire to participate in activities alone 11 Question 5. Desire to participate in activities with others or in groups 11 Question 6. Knowledge related to healthy physical activity 12 Scoring & Calls-to-action 13 Motor Competence 14 Locomotor 14 Framework 14 Question 7. Coordination when moving 14 Question 8. Safety while moving in the environment relative to others 15 Question 9. Number of movement skills acquired 15 Question 10. Ability to balance during movement 15 Question 11. Ability to run 16 Question 12. Ability to start, stop and change directions 16 Scoring & Calls-to-action 17 Object Control 18 Framework 18 Question 13. Ability to use hands to throw, catch and carry objects 18 Question 14. Ability to use feet to kick or move objects 19 Question 15. Left side is as capable as the right side 19 Scoring & Calls-to-action 21 Environment 22 Framework 22 Question 16. Amount of participation in water activities 22 Question 17. Amount of participation in indoor activities 22 Question 18. Amount of participation in outdoor activities 23 Question 19. -
Attachment in the Classroom
Educ Psychol Rev (2009) 21:141–170 DOI 10.1007/s10648-009-9104-0 REVIEW ARTICLE Attachment in the Classroom Christi Bergin & David Bergin Published online: 21 May 2009 # Springer Science + Business Media, LLC 2009 Abstract Attachment influences students’ school success. This is true of students’ attachment to their parents, as well as to their teachers. Secure attachment is associated with higher grades and standardized test scores compared to insecure attachment. Secure attachment is also associated with greater emotional regulation, social competence, and willingness to take on challenges, and with lower levels of ADHD and delinquency, each of which in turn is associated with higher achievement. These effects tend to be stronger for high-risk students. In this era of accountability, enhancing teacher–student relationships is not merely an add-on, but rather is fundamental to raising achievement. Understanding the role of attachment in the classroom will help educators be more effective, particularly with challenging students. Twelve suggestions to improve teacher–student relationships and school bonding are provided. Keywords Attachment . Achievement . School bonding . Teacher–student relationship Children’s socioemotional well-being is critical to school success, and attachment is the foundation of socioemotional well-being. Because of this, educators—from preschool to high school—can be more effective if they understand how attachment influences their students. Attachment influences school success through two routes: indirectly through attachment to parents, and directly through attachment to teachers and schools. In this article, we briefly review basic attachment concepts for readers who are not familiar with attachment research. We then show how attachment to parents is linked to school success, and we summarize the limited research on attachment-like relationships with teachers. -
Active Play: Simple Games and Activity Ideas
Active Play: Simple Games and Activity Ideas Children have different needs and abilities depending upon their age. Children need a safe environment that promotes and encourages their physical, intellectual, emotional and social growth. Keep the ages and needs of the children in your care in mind when planning games and activities. Younger children have shorter attention spans, and are just learning how to coordinator their bodies, while older children may get bored with not enough of a “challenge” in the game or activities. Read more about children’s developmental ages and stages: Growth and Development Child’s Development Ages & Stages Go, Go, Stop Pick a leader, and start and end spots. Have children line up at the start and the leader stand at the end with his back to the children. The object is to get to the end where the leader is. Have the leader yell go, go, go for a few seconds (i.e., 2 second, 10 seconds, etc.) and then yell stop. All children stop and freeze. If the leader turns around and sees any child moving, that child has to go back to the starting spot. The game ends when a child touches the leader. Follow the Leader To begin the game, you may want an adult to lead. Children line up behind the leader. The leader decides the actions for children to follow. The children mimic the leader's actions. Any players who fail to follow or do what the leader does are out of the game. Change leaders and give every child time to lead the others. -
A Comprehension of Spinoza's God
A Comprehension of Spinoza's God Through the Dichotomy of Labels Tania Norell LUNDS UNIVERSITET | CENTRUM FÖR TEOLOGI OCH RELIGIONSVETENSKAP TLVM77 Philosophy of Religion Master Thesis 30 credits Supervisor: Jayne Svenungsson, Professor of Systematic Theology Examiner: Jesper Svartvik, Professor of Theology of Religions Autumn term 2015 Lund University Sweden Lund University Tania Norell Abstract: The 17 th century philosopher Spinoza is known for his concept of God as One Substance, God or Nature and therefore considered as a monist and categorized as a naturalist. He has been labeled an atheist and God-intoxicated man, as well as a determinist and pantheist, which I perceive to be dichotomies. The problem, as I see it, is that Spinoza’s philosophy and concept of God has mainly been interpreted through a dualistic mind-set, traditional to philosophers and theologians of the West, but Spinoza has a monistic worldview, and this has consequences in regards to the comprehension of what Spinoza’s concept of God entails and what a relationship “with” God implies . The labels panentheist and necessitarianist are discussed and the label of theologian argued. The thesis methodology is constructive because the purpose is to provide a theoretical foundation that has the potential to be applied in dialogues about God between the vast varieties of believers and non-believers alike, as well as across boundaries of contradicting worldviews and academic disciplines, and this focus on functionalism is inspired by a theory that calls for the furthering of inter-disciplinary dialogue between the subject areas philosophy of religion and theology specifically. My personal worldview is that there might well be One Substance, God or Nature, but that does not necessarily mean that there is one truth that is valid, but rather that all truth claims may be of value. -
An Introduction to Late British Associationism and Its Context This Is a Story About Philosophy. Or About Science
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Late British Associationism and Its Context This is a story about philosophy. Or about science. Or about philosophy transforming into science. Or about science and philosophy, and how they are related. Or were, in a particular time and place. At least, that is the general area that the following narrative will explore, I hope with sufficient subtlety. The matter is rendered non-transparent by the fact that that the conclusions one draws with regard to such questions are, in part, matters of discretionary perspective – as I will try to demonstrate. My specific historical focus will be on the propagation of a complex intellectual tradition concerned with human sensation, perception, and mental function in early nineteenth century Britain. Not only philosophical opinion, but all aspects of British intellectual – and practical – life, were in the process of significant transformation during this time. This cultural flux further confuses recovery of the situated significance of the intellectual tradition I am investigating. The study of the mind not only was influenced by a set of broad social shifts, but it also participated in them fully as both stimulus to and recipient of changing conditions. One indication of this is simply the variety of terms used to identify the ‘philosophy of mind’ as an intellectual enterprise in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.1 But the issue goes far deeper into the fluid constitutive features of the enterprise - including associated conceptual systems, methods, intentions of practitioners, and institutional affiliations. In order to understand philosophy of mind in its time, we must put all these factors into play. -
Wundt's "New Psychology"
Wundt's "New Psychology" Wilhelm Wundt(1832-1920) was the first professional to call himself a psychologist. He founded one of the first psychological laboratories in Leipzig, Germany, in 1879. Wundt believed the "only certain reality is immediate experience" (Blumenthal, 1975). If psychology were to be a science, then psychologists would have to collect data about experience. To do this, Wundt used procedures similar to those developed by the psychophysicists. He arranged controlled laboratory settings. He carefully administered stimulation such as sounds and sights. He gathered information about how quickly people responded to a stimulus (reaction time) and what they experienced. Wundt believed these experiments would lead to a consensus or agreement among scientists about the nature of experience. Wilhelm Wundt Wundt's approach was not unreasonable. It resembled the way most natural sciences developed in the 1800s. Science like botany and zoology began with careful observation and an effort to arrive at consensual validation (agreement among different observers). For example, biologists began with careful descriptions of plants and animals before trying to classify them. Wundt believed the same approach would work in psychology. Careful scientific observers could simply look inside themselves to see the mind in action, and they should be able to agree on the basic phenomena of psychology. After agreeing about basic observations, they could do a deeper analysis of what they had found. The technique of "looking inside" to gather data about the mind is called introspection . The problem with Wundt's program is fairly obvious to those of us in the modern world, where differences between people are taken for granted. -
An Analysis of Existential Psychology Arthur Erwin Wolfgarth University of Nebraska at Omaha
University of Nebraska at Omaha DigitalCommons@UNO Student Work 6-1961 An analysis of existential psychology Arthur Erwin Wolfgarth University of Nebraska at Omaha Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/studentwork Part of the Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Wolfgarth, Arthur Erwin, "An analysis of existential psychology" (1961). Student Work. 125. https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/studentwork/125 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UNO. It has been accepted for inclusion in Student Work by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UNO. For more information, please contact [email protected]. AN ANALYSIS OF EXISTENTIAL. PSYCHOLOGY by Arthur Erwin Wolfgarth A Thesis Presented to the Graduate Faoulty of the Department of Psychology University of Omaha In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts June 1961 UMI Number: EP72773 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dtsssrtslioni Publishing UMI EP72773 Published by ProQuest LLC (2015). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 PREFACE The purpose of this thesis is to trace the thread of existential psychological thought from its first system atic statements in Denmark through its expansion in Europe to its influence in contemporary thought in the United States, This study begins with S^ren Kierkegaard who cast existential expression into molds that have not broken to the present day.