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E-Content Edited by : Dr. Haroon Rasheed Indian Writing in English Indian Writing in English ENGBA 604 Edited by Dr. Haroon Rasheed Department of English Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti Urdu, Arabi -Farsi University, Lucknow E-content edited by : Dr. Haroon Rasheed E-content edited by : Dr. Haroon Rasheed Paper IV Indian Writing in English ENGBA(604) Unit : I Chapter : 1 Sunlight on a Broken Column by Attia Hosain About Author : Attia Hosain Attia Hosain (1913–1998) was a British-Indian novelist, author, writer, broadcaster, journalist and actor. She was a pioneering woman of letters and a classic diasporic writer. She wrote in English making it resonate with the cadences of her mother tongue, UrduAlthough she published only two fiction books, both acclaimed, the semiautobiographical Sunlight on a Broken Column and a collection of short stories named Phoenix Fled, her work has been recognised as one of the finest in the Indian canon. Her career began in England at the end of the 20th centuries in semi-exile, and continues to resonate with new generations of commentators and communicators, recognising her contribution to post-colonial literature. Anita Desai, Vikram Seth, Aamer Hussein and Kamila Shamsie amongst the younger generation of writers have expressed admiration for her work, and acknowledged its influence. Attia Hosain E-content edited by : Dr. Haroon Rasheed Born 1913 Lucknow, India Died 1998 (aged 84–85) Occupation Writer Nationality Indian Genre Novels Spouse Ali Bahadur Habibullah (1909–1982) E-content edited by : Dr. Haroon Rasheed Children Waris Hussein, Shama Habibullah Writing : Fiction • 1. Phoenix Fled, London: Chatto & Windus, 1953. A collection of short stories. Reissued by Virago UK, 1988. Indian edition, Rupa & Co, 1993 - Foreword by Anita Desai. • 2. Sunlight on a Broken Column: Chatto & Windus, UK, 1961. A novel. Reissued by Virago, UK, 1988. Indian Editions: (1) Arnold Heinemann, India, 1979 - Foreword by Mulk Raj Anand. (2) Penguin India, 1992 - Foreword by Anita Desai. • 3. Distant Traveller, new and selected fiction: edited by Aamer Hussein with Shama Habibullah, with foreword and afterword by them, and introduction by Ritu Menon (Women Unlimited, India 2013). This contains the first publication of a section of Hosain's unfinished novel, No New Lands, No New Seas Writing • 4. Indian short stories. Edited by Iqbal Masud & Mulk Raj Anand. The New India Publishing Company, 1946. Attia Hosain: “The Parrot in the Cage”. • 5. Cooking the Indian Way. Ed. Attia Hosain, Sita Pasricha, Paul Hamlyn - London, 1962. • 6. Light on Divided Worlds. The Independent, 18thAugust 1988. By Attia Hosain celebrating the Virago edition of her books Sunlight on a Broken Column and Phoenix Fled,1981. • 7. “Loaves and Wishes”– writers writing on Food. Edited by Antonia Hill. Virago Press, London, 1992. • 8. The Inner Courtyard. Edited by Lakshmi Holmstrom. Attia Hosain: "The First Party” (1) Virago Press, London, 1990 (2) India version – Rupa & Co., 1993 • 9. Infinite Riches - short stories. Edited by Lynn Knight. Virago Modern Classics, Virago Press, London 1993. Attia Hosain: Pg. 176 “Time is Unredeemable”. • 10. Voices of the Crossing - The impact of Britain on writers from Asia, the Caribbean and Africa. Edited. by Ferdinand Dennis, Naseem Khan. Serpents Tail, 1998. Attia Hosain: Pg.19 “Deep Roots”. • 11. Shaam-e-Awadh - Writings on Lucknow. Edited by VeenaTalwar. Oldenburg, 2007. Attia Hosain: Excerpt from Sunlight on a Broken Column (ref. pgs.165 to 178). • 12. Unbound – 2000 years of Indian Women’s writing. Edited by Annie Zaidi. Aleph Book Co., 2015. Attia Hosain: Excerpt from Sunlight on a Broken Column E-content edited by : Dr. Haroon Rasheed BBC Eastern Services (Urdu) Shakespeare plays –translations. Played various parts, including Lady Macbeth, Desdemona, alongside Zia Moinuddin, Ijaz Hussain Batalvi, Amira Ahuja. Also in Urdu – translations of plays by Jean Cocteau and Harold Pinter amongst others as lead actor. In English BBC Third Programme “Writing in a Foreign Tongue”, 7 May 1956. Woman's Hour, "Passport to Friendship", 1965 Audio conversations (public and private) with Literary Estate of Attia Hosain. Theatre and film • Film treatment for proposed film Mourning Raga by Ellis Peters (Edith Pargeter) • The Bird of Time by Peter Mayne at the Savoy Theatre, London 1961 Sunlight on a Broken Column Sunlight on a Broken Column is a novel by Attia Hosain, which was published in 1961. The novel, mainly set in Lucknow, is an autobiographical account by a fictional character called Laila, who is a fifteen-year-old orphaned daughter of a rich Muslim family of Taluqdars. It is a novel by a Muslim lady on the theme of Partition of India. Title : The title comes from a line in the second stanza of T.S Eliot's (1925) poem The Hollow Men: Eyes I dare not meet in dreams In death's dream kingdom These do not appear: There, the eyes are Sunlight on a broken column E-content edited by : Dr. Haroon Rasheed Plot summary : Laila, a young girl who has lost both her parents, lives in the household of her grandfather, along with her father’s sisters Abida and Majida and, Majida’s seventeenyear-old daughter Zahra. She is brought up by her orthodox but principled Aunt Abida. Though Laila, according to the wishes of her father, had the benefit of western education, she too keeps purdah like her aunts. However, death of her grandfather makes Uncle Hamid, her father’s elder brother, head of the family and her new guardian. Uncle Hamid, a man of "liberal’ ideas, is nevertheless an autocratic guardian, allowing very little freedom to those who live under his rule. No longer in Purdah, Laila starts attending college. Her university friends, as well as her distant cousin Asad, become involved in anti-government protests. Surrounded by people who are either pro-British or against, she, however, is unable to take sides. She is enmeshed in the struggle for her own personal freedom. Once when asked by her uncle to opine about the agitation going on in the university, she refuses to do so. On being asked whether she had no freedom of thought she answers that she has no freedom of action. Her rebellion against the hypocrisy visible in the so-called liberal views of her Uncle and his wife remains limited to her mind until she falls in love with Ameer. Ameer, a poor relative of their family friends, would never be approved by her family. She goes against their wishes to marry him, and wins her freedom from their authority. The novel ends with her loneliness after Ameer's death after the bloody partition and so-called independence of both the nations, India and Pakistan. Her slow turn towards nationalist politics of India, the confused state of the "secular" Muslim in post-independence India is symbolized by her subtle acceptance of Asad, her cousin. The novel is open-ended and we never know what she finally decides, though. Character sketch of Characters in Sunlight on a broken column : Laila Laila lives with her family in her grandfather's house after the untimely deaths of her parents. Before long, her grandfather dies, leaving her in the care of Uncle Hamid who is harsh and authoritarian. Laila wants a Western life, so she goes to university, but the E-content edited by : Dr. Haroon Rasheed Indian university is filled to the brim with Indian political activists who constantly remind her of national Indian problems—not exactly the Western experience she had hoped for. Uncle Hamid This staunch liberal is not kind-hearted. He is brutal, authoritarian, and closed-minded. He comes to Laila with a set list of expectations for what she has be like in order to gain his approval, and he assumes that Laila should strive for his approval in the first place. In the end, he rejects her for not being who he wanted her to be. Ameer Laila's hard life gets even harder after the death of Ameer, her husband, but for the short time they were married, Laila had a friend. Ameer was a nice guy, but he was poor, and Laila's family wasn't happy with Laila marrying below her station (her family is very wealthy). Ameer's death serves to remind Laila that political instability affects everyone— not just the politically active. Asad Asad is a Muslim, but he is rather secular. His advocacy against Britain defines him, so when India and Pakistan form their nations (having declared independence from Britain), Asad survives in India, but Ameer does not. Asad represents secular Islam. Reference • Indian Writing in English by K.R.Srinivas Lyenger. • Indian Writing in English: Critical Explorations by Amar Nath Prasad. • Indian Writing in English: Past and Present by Amar Nath Prasad. • Indian Writing in English: Tradition and Modernity by Amar Nath Prasad. • Feminism in Indian Writing in English by Amar Nath Prasad, S. K.Paul. E-content edited by : Dr. Haroon Rasheed • Studies in Indian English Fiction by Amar Nath Prasad. • Internet Material. • New Lights on Indian Women Novelists in English by Amar Nath Hosain, Attia. Sunlight on a Broken Column. Newyork: Penguin, 1988. Print. • Allen, Richard, and Harish Trivedi, eds. Literature and Nations: Britain and India 1800-1990. • London: Routledge publishers, 2000. Print. • Brians, Paul. Modern South Asian Literature In English. USA: Greenwood press, 2003. Print. • Didur, Jill. Unsettling Partition: Literature, Gender, Memory. NewDelhi: Dorling Kindersley Pvt.Ltd, 2007. Print. • Barvekar, Rajashri G. “Dynamics of Social Change and Gender Perception in Attia Hosain’s • Sunlight on a Broken Column.” Indian Women Writing in English: NewPerspectives. Ed. • S. Prasanna Sree. NewDelhi: Sarup & Sons, 2005. 195-204. Print. E-content edited by : Dr. Haroon Rasheed .
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