Dermatology Exam Notes Introduction to Dermatology Structure of the Skin I.) Epidermis
Dermatology Exam Notes Introduction to Dermatology Structure of the Skin I.) Epidermis: outermost -layers: • stratum corneum: flat dead cells that are 8-15 layers thick • stratum granulosum: transitional layer • stratum spinosum: differentiating tissue • stratum basale: mitotic tissue -cells: -most are keratinocytes that produce keratin and have immune function role -melanocytes: also found in hair follicles, brain, and eyes -same number in all races -Langerhans cells: APCs II.) Dermis -layers: • papillary dermis: • reticular dermis: contains blood vessels, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, muscle, sweat glands -eccrine glands for thermoregulation -apocrine glands for scent -cells: fibroblasts for collagen synthesis, mast cells, macrophages III.) Subcutaneous fat Lesions Primary lesion type Info Example Picture Macule Flat, nonpalpable, < 1 cm vitiligo Patch Macule > 1 cm Papule Raised, palpable, < 1cm BCC, psoriasis, seborrheic keratosis Plaque Papule > 1 cm Vesicle Raised, contains clear liquid, Chicken pox < 1cm Bulla Vesicle > 1cm Pustule Raised, contains inflammatory acne cells and fluid, variable size Nodule Raised, solid, deeper than a Metastatic melanoma papule, < 1cm Tumor Nodule > 1 cm 1 Wheal Firm, edematous papule or plaque that contains bound fluid, flat-topped elevations, transient Secondary lesion type Info Example Picture Scale Crust Collection of serum, blood, or pus Erosion Focal loss of epidermis that heals without scarring Ulcer Fissure Atrophy Special skin lesions Info Example Picture Excoriation Comedone Blackheads
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