Jennifer a Cafardi the Manual of Dermatology 2012
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The Manual of Dermatology Jennifer A. Cafardi The Manual of Dermatology Jennifer A. Cafardi, MD, FAAD Assistant Professor of Dermatology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama, USA [email protected] ISBN 978-1-4614-0937-3 e-ISBN 978-1-4614-0938-0 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-0938-0 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2011940426 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identifi ed as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Notice Dermatology is an evolving fi eld of medicine. Research and clinical experience continue to broaden our approach to illnesses, therapies and our general approach to disease. Readers are advised to check the most current product information avail- able, which is provided by the manufacturer of each medication and device to verify dosages, duration of administration and contraindications. Although every effort has been made to give the most up to date and clinically relevant material, it is the responsibility of the treating physician, relying on experience and knowledge of the patient, to determine the dosages and treatment plans best suited to the individual patient. The author of this book assumes no liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from this publication. v Contents Notice ................................................................................................................ v The Manual Dermatology .............................................................................. 1 Coding .......................................................................................................... 1 Hair Disorders .............................................................................................. 15 Nail Disorders .............................................................................................. 65 Pediatric Dermatology ................................................................................. 83 Procedural Dermatology .............................................................................. 155 Med Toxicity Monitoring ............................................................................. 165 General Derm ............................................................................................... 205 Index ................................................................................................................. 549 vii List of Abbreviations 5-FU 5-Fluorouracil 5-HIAA 5-Hydroxyindole acetic acid AA Alopecia areata ABX Antibiotics ACC Aplasia cutis congenita ACTH Adrenocorticotropic hormone AD Autosomal dominant AE Adverse events AFX Atypical fi broxanthoma AGEP Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis AK Actinic keratosis AKN Acne keloidalis nuchae ALA Aminolevulinic acid ALT Alanine transaminase AN Acanthosis nigricans ANA Antinuclear antigen AR Autosomal recessive ASLO Antistreptolysin O AZA Azathioprine BCC Basal cell carcinoma BP Bullous pemphigoid BSLE Bullous systemic lupus erythematosus CAH Congenital adrenal hyperplasia CARP Confl uent and reticulated papillomatosis CCB Calcium channel blockers CCCA Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia CLL Chronic lymphocytic leukemia CMTC Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congentia CNH Chondrodermatitis nodularis helices CP Cicatricial pemphigoid CTCL Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma CTD Connective tissue disease CVD Cardiovascular disease CXR Chest x-ray ix x List of Abbreviations DDx Differential diagnosis DFA Direct fl uorescent antibody DFSP Dermatofi brosarcoma protuberans DH Dermatitis herpetiformis DHEA-S Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate DHT Dihydrotestosterone DIC Disseminated intravascular coagulation DIF Direct immunofl uorescence DIRA Defi ciency of the interleukin-1-receptor DLE Discoid lupus erythematosus (also known as chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus ) DLSO Distal lateral subungal onychomycosis DM Dermatomyositis or diabetes mellitus (depending on context) DRESS Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms dz Disease E&M Evaluation and management EAC Erythema annulare centrifugum EB Epidermolysis bullosa EBA Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita ED&C Electrodessication and curretage EDP Erythema dyschromicum perstans EDV Epidermodysplasia verruciformis EED Erythema elevatum diutinum EGFR Epidermal growth factor receptor EM Electron microscopy or Erythema multiforme (depending on context) EN Erythema nodosum EPS Elastosis perforans serpiginosa ESR Erythrocyte sedimentation rate ESRD Endstage renal disease ETOH Ethanol FCAS Familial cold auto-infl ammatory syndrome FFA Frontal fi brosing alopecia FH Family history FMF Familial mediterranean fever G6PD Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase GA Granuloma annulare GFR Glomerular fi ltrate rate GI Gastrointestinal GVHD Graft versus host disease HA Headache HAIR-AN Hyperandrogenism (HA), insulin resistance (IR) and acanthosis nigricans (AN) HCTZ Hydrochlorothiazide HIV Human immunodefi ciency virus HPV Human papillomavirus List of Abbreviations xi HS Hidradenitis suppurativa HSM Hepatosplenomegaly HSP Henoch-schönlein purpura HSV Herpes simplex virus HTN Hypertension Hx History HZ Herpes zoster I&D Incision and drainage IFN Interferon IIF Indirect immunofl uorescence IL Intralesional or interleukin (depending on context) INH Isoniazid IP Incontinentia pigmenti IPL Intense pulsed light IVIG Intravenous immunoglobulin JAAD Journal of the American academy of dermatology JXG Juvenile xanthogranuloma KD Kawasaki disease KOH Potassium hydroxide KS Kaposi’s sarcoma LABD Linear IgA bullous dermatosis LCH Langerhans cell histiocytosis LCV Leukocytoclastic vasculitis LFT Liver function tests LN Lymphadenopathy LP Lichen planus LPP Lichen planopilaris LR Livedo reticularis LsA Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus MAL Methyl aminolevulinate MCC Merkel cell carcinoma MF Mycosis fungoides MMF Mycophenolate mofetil MPS Mucopolysaccharidoses MR Mental retardation MSM Men who have sex with men MTX Methotrexate NASH Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis NbUVB Narrowband UVB NF Neurofi bromatosis NICH Noninvoluting congenital hemangioma NI Normal NL Necrobiosis lipoidica (previously called Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum) NSF Nephrogenic systemic fi brosis xii List of Abbreviations OCPs Oral contraceptives PAPA Pyogenic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum and acne syndrome PASI Psoriasis area and severity index PCN Penicillin PCOS Polycystic ovarian syndrome PCP Pneumocystis pneumonia PCR Polymerase chain reaction PCT Porphyria cutanea tarda PDL Pulsed dye laser PDT Photodynamic therapy PF Pemphigus foliaceous PFB Pseudofolliculitis barbae PG Pyoderma gangrenosum or pyogenic granuloma (depends on context) PHACES Posterior fossa, hemangioma, arterial lesions, coarctation of aorta & cardiac anomalies, eye abnormalities and sternal clefting/ supraumbilical abdominal raphe PLC Pityriasis lichenoides chronica PLEVA Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta PMH Past medical history PMLE Polymorphous light eruption PNP Paraneoplastic pemphigus PO By mouth POD Perioral dermatitis POEMS Polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes PPK Palmar plantar keratoderma PPV Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis PR Pityriasis rosea PRP Pityriasis rubra pilaris PSA Prostate-specifi ca antigen PSO Proximal subungal onychomycosis Pt Patient PT Pili torti PUD Peptic ulcer disease PUPPP Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy PUVA Psoralen + UVA PV Pemphigus vulgaris RA Rheumatoid arthritis RAS Recurrent aphthous stomatitis RAST Radioallergosorbent test RICH Rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma ROM Range of motion ROS Review of systems RPC Reactive perforating collagenosis RPR Rapid plasma reagin List of Abbreviations xiii Rx Prescription SAHA Seborrhoea, acne, hirsutism and alopecia SCC Squamous cell carcinoma SCLE Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus SH Social history SHBG Sex hormone binding globulin SJS Stevens Johnson syndrome SK Seborrheic keratosis SLE Systemic lupus erythematosus soln Solution SSRI Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor SSSS Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome TCA Trichloroacetic acid TCN Tetracycline TEN Toxic epidermal necrolysis TLR Toll-like receptor TMEP Telangiectasia macularis eruptiva perstans TMP-SMX Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole TN Trichorrhexis nodosa TNF Tumor necrosis factor tPA Tissue plasminogen activator TPMT Thiopurine methyltransferase TRAPS Tumor necrosis factor associated receptor syndromes TSH Thyroid stimulating hormone