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Morocco Full Profile 2014.Pdf Al-Mawred Al-Thaqafi (Culture Resource) Organization launched in 2009 a regional initiative aims to identify the main features of cultural policy in Arab countries. The ultimate goal is to build a Knowledge Base that supports cultural planning and collaboration in the region, as well as propose mechanisms to develop cultural work in Arab countries. First stage of the project targeted preliminary surveys of policies, legislations, and practices that guide cultural work in eight Arab countries: Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Palestine, Egypt, Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco. The process of Monitoring was conducted in the period between May 2009 and January 2010 by Arab researchers from all eight countries, and thus “Ettijahat. Independent culture” as the regional coordinator of the project developed the surveys and updated its information and data through specialized researchers who reviewed the information and amended it based on the most recent developments in the cultural scene. The study has been completed according to the Compendium model which is adopted in study about cultural policies around the world. Research is divided into the following: 1- Cultural context from a social and historical perspective. 2- Administrative Subsidiarity and decision-making. 3- General objectives and principles of cultural policies. 4- Current topics debated in cultural policy development. 5- Main legal texts in the cultural field. 6- Financing of culture events and institutions. 7- Cultural institutions and new partnerships. 8- Supporting creativity and collaborations. This survey has been conducted in 2009 and 2010 by the researchers Salama Alghayam and Fatema Al Zahraa Al Shabani. The original material of the current survey is found below in black. "Ettijahat. Independent culture", a regional coordinator of the project has updated the exploratory surveys periodically, in cooperation with national groups and independent researchers, the updates in the year 2014 was done by the researcher Mourad Al Kaderi, you can find these most recent updates in green within the survey. 1 Summary 1. Cultural Context ................................................................................................................... 4 1.1. Socio-Cultural Perspective ................................................................................................... 4 1.2. Historical Perspective: Cultural Policies and Instruments ..................................................... 11 2. Remit, Decision-Making and Administration ....................................................................... 25 2.1 Organizational Structure ............................................................................................................. 25 2.2 Overall Description of the System ………………………………………………………………………………………….30 2.3. Inter-Ministerial and Intergovernmental (Inter-Sectoral) Co-Operation ………………………………..32 2.4. International Cultural Cooperation ……………………………………………………………………………………….23 2.5 Cultural Policies of External Agencies …………………………………………………………………………………….39 2.6 Cultural Policies in the Independent Sectors …………………………………………………………………………..43 2.7 Cultural Policies in the Private Sector …………………………………………………….………………………….. 46 3. General Objectives and Principles of Cultural Policy ……………………………………………………………..48 3.1. Key Elements of the Current Cultural Policy Model ……………………………………………………………….48 3.2. National Definition of Culture ……………………………………………………………………………………………….49 3.3. Cultural Policy Objectives ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..49 3.4. Criteria and Process for Evaluating Cultural Policy …………………..…………………………………………50 4. Current Issues in Cultural Policy Development and Debate …………………………………………………..51 4.1 Main Cultural Policy Issues and Priorities ………………………………………………………………………………51 4.2 Recent Policy Issues and Debates …………………………………………………………………………………………..54 4.3 Cultural Diversity (Minorities, Groups and Communities) ……………………………………………………….55 4.4 Media Pluralism and Content Diversity ………………………………………………………………………………….59 4.5 Cultural Industries: Policies and Programmes ………………………………………………………………………..61 4.6 Employment Policies for the Cultural Sector ............................................................................... 65 4.7 New Technologies and Cultural Policies ...................................................................................... 65 4.8 Heritage Issues and Policies ........................................................................................................ 65 4.9 Other Relevant Issues and Debates: Not available ..................................................................... 66 5. Main Legal Provisions in the Cultural Field ………………..……………………………………………………………67 5.1 General Legislation ………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………….67 5.2. Cultural Legislation ……………………………………………………………………………….……………………………..81 5.3 Sector Specific Legislation ........................................................................................................... 82 2 6. Financing of Culture ..................................................................................................................... 97 6.1 Short Overview ............................................................................................................................ 97 6.2 Public Cultural Expenditure Per Capita …………………………………………………………………………………102 6.3 Public Cultural Expenditure Broken Down by Level of Government ………………………………………102 6.4 Public Cultural Expenditure Broken Down into Administrative Costs, Program Costs and Assets …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..108 6.5 Sector breakdown .....................................................................................................................109 6.6 Private Sector Expenditure ........................................................................................................ 115 6.7. Independent (Civil) Sector Expenditure .................................................................................... 116 6.8. Foreign Agencies Expenditures …………………………………………………………….………………………….118 7. Cultural Institutions and New Partnerships .............................................................................. 120 7.1 Re-Allocation of Public Responsibilities ..................................................................................... 120 7.2 Status/Role and Development of Major Cultural Institutions ……………………………………………….121 2 description of the system (All representatives of cultural policy) ……………………….…………………124 8. Support for Creativity and Participation................................................................................... 127 8.1 Direct and Indirect Support for Artists …………………………………………………………………………………127 8.2 Audiences and Participation ………………………………………………………………………………………………..136 8.3 Arts and Culture Education…………………………………………………………………………………………………..138 8.4 Socio-Cultural Interventions and Community Arts …………………………………………………..………..140 9. Sources and Links ....................................................................................................................... 144 9.1 Key Documents on Cultural Policy ............................................................................................. 144 9.2 Key Organisations and Portals ………………………………………………………………………………………….145 3 1. Cultural Context 1.1. Socio-Cultural Perspective (Political, Religious, etc.) As history and anthropology are important in explaining and understanding socioeconomic phenomena, this report begins by examining the historical formation of Morocco as a nation and people through the lens of UNESCO’s concept of culture: that it includes not only the arts and letters, but also modes of life, the fundamental rights of the human being, value systems, traditions and beliefs (World Conference of Cultural Policies, Mexico, 27 July - 6 August, 1982). 1.1.1. Moroccan Society Evolution: A Historical Prospective Amazigh civilization existed since Neolithic times—about 5000 years ago. Amazigh (“the free people”) are the oldest community in Morocco, a blend of Eastern, European and African races. Phoenicians, Carthaginians, and Romans, the ancient Mediterranean civilizations, had been established in Morocco, leaving a prominent impact on urban organization (Tangier, Lecsos, Salé, Melilla, and Essaouira). New essential elements had been brought by Arabs: race, language and religion (Islam). The Amazigh converted to Islam with the Arab newcomers, and joined together in annexing Iberia, which was linked to Moroccan history for centuries. Morocco was connected for many centuries with Muslim Spain. The Almoravid, Almohad, and Merinid monarchs always lent a hand to Muslim Andalusia. The sequential migration of Andalusians and Moroccans created cities along the two sides of Gibraltar Strait. In 789C.E., Idriss I founded the Idrisid dynasty and established the city of Fès, a capital unequalled in splendor and Morocco’s first symbol of centralization. Delegations from the Beni Hilal and Beni Maqal tribe arrived in the eighth century, adding diversity to Morocco’s social fabric. Further diversity was added with the enormous arrival of Andalusian Muslims and Jews on two stages: first the exodus during the fall of Granada in the late 15th century, and second the arrival of exiled Spanish Moors in the 17th century. The new immigrants catalyzed Moroccan urbanization. Jews and Arabs fleeing the Spanish Inquisition found refuge in Morocco, bringing the number of Jews living in Morocco higher than it had been since before Islam. These
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