A Polyphasic Approach to Characterise Two Novel Species of Phoma (Didymellaceae) from China
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Chapter 11 Marine Fungi Associated with Antarctic Macroalgae
Chapter 11 Marine Fungi Associated with Antarctic Macroalgae Mayara B. Ogaki, Maria T. de Paula, Daniele Ruas, Franciane M. Pellizzari, César X. García-Laviña, and Luiz H. Rosa Abstract Fungi are well known for their important roles in terrestrial ecosystems, but filamentous and yeast forms are also active components of microbial communi- ties from marine ecosystems. Marine fungi are particularly abundant and relevant in coastal systems where they can be found in association with large organic substrata, like seaweeds. Antarctica is a rather unexplored region of the planet that is being influenced by strong and rapid climate change. In the past decade, several efforts have been made to get a thorough inventory of marine fungi from different environ- ments, with a particular emphasis on those associated with the large communities of seaweeds that abound in littoral and infralittoral ecosystems. The algicolous fungal communities obtained were characterized by a few dominant species and a large number of singletons, as well as a balance among endemic, indigenous, and cold- adapted cosmopolitan species. The long-term monitoring of this balance and the dynamics of richness, dominance, and distributional patterns of these algicolous fungal communities is proposed to understand and model the influence of climate change on the maritime Antarctic biota. In addition, several fungal isolates from marine Antarctic environments have shown great potential as producers of bioactive natural products and enzymes and may represent attractive sources of biotechno- logical products. M. B. Ogaki · M. T. de Paula · D. Ruas · L. H. Rosa (*) Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] F. -
Swim Bladder Mycosis in Farmed Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss Caused by Phoma Herbarum and Experimental Verification of Pathogenicity
Vol. 138: 237–246, 2020 DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Published online April 9 https://doi.org/10.3354/dao03464 Dis Aquat Org Swim bladder mycosis in farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss caused by Phoma herbarum and experimental verification of pathogenicity Jirˇí Rˇ ehulka1, Alena Kubátová2, Vit Hubka2,3,* 1Department of Zoology, Silesian Museum, 746 01 Opava, Czech Republic 2Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic 3Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic ABSTRACT: In this study, spontaneous swim bladder mycosis was documented in a farmed finger- ling rainbow trout from a raceway culture system. At necropsy, the gross lesions included a thick- ened swim bladder wall, and the posterior portion of the swim bladder was enlarged due to mas- sive hyperplasia of muscle. A microscopic wet mount examination of the swim bladder contents revealed abundant septate hyphae, and histopathological examination showed periodic acid- Schiff-positive mycelia in the lumen and wall of the swim bladder. Histopathological examination of the thickened posterior swim bladder revealed muscle hyperplasia with expansion by inflam- matory cells. The causative agent was identified as Phoma herbarum through morphological an - alysis and DNA sequencing. The disease was reproduced in rainbow trout fingerlings using intra - peritoneal injection of a spore suspension. Necropsy in dead and moribund fish revealed ex tensive congestion and haemorrhages in the serosa of visceral organs and in liver and abdominal serosan- guinous fluid. Histopathological examination showed severe hepatic congestion, sinusoidal dilata- tion, Kupffer cell reactivity, leukostasis and degenerative changes. -
Analysis of Fungal Diversity of the Rotten Wooden Pillars of a Historic Building
Analysis of fungal diversity of the rotten wooden pillars of a historic building Xingxia Ma ( [email protected] ) Johann Heinrich von Thunen-Institut Bundesforschungsinstitut fur Landliche Raume Wald und Fischerei Bin Zhang Chinese Academy of Forestry Research Institute of Wood Industry Bo Liu Chinese Academy of Forestry Research Institute of Wood Industry Research article Keywords: historical building, building mycology, rotten wooden pillar, fungal diversity, decayed ring Posted Date: February 13th, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.23473/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/18 Abstract High-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the fungal community structure and its association with the cause of decay on the wooden pillars of an ancient archway in Beijing. The dominant fungi on the rotten pillars belonged to Ascomycetes regardless of the sampling position. Compared with the fungal community composition of discolored wood previously studied, the proportion of Basidiomycetes in rotten wood pillars increased at the highest value of 37.9%. High-throughput sequencing showed that the main fungi in the rst pillar were Ascomycetes ( Phoma , Lecythophora , and Scedosporium ) and Basidiomycetes (Sporidiobolales). Ascomycetes Lecythophora and Basidiomycetes Cryptcoccus and Postia were the main fungi in pillar 2. Phoma , Trichoderma, and Entoloma were isolated from pillar 1, whereas Alternaria and Phaeosphaeriaceae were obtained from pillar 2 using culture isolation. Traditional isolation failed to obtain all dominant fungi. The importance of high-throughput sequencing technology in ancient wooden structure building biodeterioration analysis was further explained. At the three sampling sites, the contact-ground fungal community composition was similar to that of in-ground wood, whereas above-ground fungal community composition was signicantly different from the other two sites. -
Biology and Recent Developments in the Systematics of Phoma, a Complex Genus of Major Quarantine Significance Reviews, Critiques
Fungal Diversity Reviews, Critiques and New Technologies Reviews, Critiques and New Technologies Biology and recent developments in the systematics of Phoma, a complex genus of major quarantine significance Aveskamp, M.M.1*, De Gruyter, J.1, 2 and Crous, P.W.1 1CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands 2Plant Protection Service (PD), P.O. Box 9102, 6700 HC Wageningen, The Netherlands Aveskamp, M.M., De Gruyter, J. and Crous, P.W. (2008). Biology and recent developments in the systematics of Phoma, a complex genus of major quarantine significance. Fungal Diversity 31: 1-18. Species of the coelomycetous genus Phoma are ubiquitously present in the environment, and occupy numerous ecological niches. More than 220 species are currently recognised, but the actual number of taxa within this genus is probably much higher, as only a fraction of the thousands of species described in literature have been verified in vitro. For as long as the genus exists, identification has posed problems to taxonomists due to the asexual nature of most species, the high morphological variability in vivo, and the vague generic circumscription according to the Saccardoan system. In recent years the genus was revised in a series of papers by Gerhard Boerema and co-workers, using culturing techniques and morphological data. This resulted in an extensive handbook, the “Phoma Identification Manual” which was published in 2004. The present review discusses the taxonomic revision of Phoma and its teleomorphs, with a special focus on its molecular biology and papers published in the post-Boerema era. Key words: coelomycetes, Phoma, systematics, taxonomy. -
Phylogeny and Morphology of Premilcurensis Gen
Phytotaxa 236 (1): 040–052 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.236.1.3 Phylogeny and morphology of Premilcurensis gen. nov. (Pleosporales) from stems of Senecio in Italy SAOWALUCK TIBPROMMA1,2,3,4,5, ITTHAYAKORN PROMPUTTHA6, RUNGTIWA PHOOKAMSAK1,2,3,4, SARANYAPHAT BOONMEE2, ERIO CAMPORESI7, JUN-BO YANG1,2, ALI H. BHAKALI8, ERIC H. C. MCKENZIE9 & KEVIN D. HYDE1,2,4,5,8 1Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China 2Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand 3School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand 4World Agroforestry Centre, East and Central Asia, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, P. R. China 5Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand 6Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand 7A.M.B. Gruppo Micologico Forlivese “Antonio Cicognani”, Via Roma 18, Forlì, Italy; A.M.B. Circolo Micologico “Giovanni Carini”, C.P. 314, Brescia, Italy; Società per gli Studi Naturalistici della Romagna, C.P. 144, Bagnacavallo (RA), Italy 8Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA 11442, Saudi Arabia 9Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand *Corresponding author: Dr. Itthayakorn Promputtha, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. -
Characteristics of Phoma Herbaruh Isolates from Diseased Forest Tree Seedlings
CHARACTERISTICS OF PHOMA HERBARUH ISOLATES FROM DISEASED FOREST TREE SEEDLINGS by I.. L. James, Plant Pathologist Cooperative Forestry and Pest Management USDA Forest Service Northern Region Missoula, Montana April 1985 ABSTRACT PhQma herbarum is frequently isolated from forest tree seedlings displaying tip dieback or stem canker symptoms from nurseries in the northern Rocky Mountains. ~ vitro growth characteristics of fungal colonies are used to differentiate this species from others in the genus Phoma. Descriptions of several isolates and notes Qn nomenclature and habits in nature are discussed. n."Tl'RODU CTION During the course of investigating diseases of forest tree seedlings at two private nurseries in northern Idaho (Clifty View and Nishek Nurseries, Bonners Ferry). the Montana State Nursery in Missoula, Montana (James 1983), and a nursery in Oregon (James 198~), several isolates of Phoma herbarum Westend. were consistently isolated from diseased seedlings. In most cases, this fungus was the most common organism obtained from necrotic t i ssues , Although pathogenicity tests were not conducted, it is suspected that ~. herbarum was important in the etiology of most diseases. This report 'summarizes characteristics 6f several f. herbarum isolates obtained from diseased forest tree seedlings. MATERIALS AND METHODS Taxonomic studies of fungi within the genus Phoma are difficult because of the wide host range and great diversity within individual species. Because of this diversity, species classifications are difficult and often made on the basis of slight morphological differences and host substrates (Sutton 1980). This has resulted in descriptions of more than 2,000 species of Phoma. However, these descriptions have often not reflected fundamental relationships among taxa nor are they of practical value to mycologists or pathologists. -
Phytomyza Vitalbae, Phoma Clematidina, and Insect-Plant
Phytomyza vitalbae, Phoma clematidina, and insect–plant pathogen interactions in the biological control of weeds R.L. Hill,1 S.V. Fowler,2 R. Wittenberg,3 J. Barton,2,5 S. Casonato,2 A.H. Gourlay4 and C. Winks2 Summary Field observations suggested that the introduced agromyzid fly Phytomyza vitalbae facilitated the performance of the coelomycete fungal pathogen Phoma clematidina introduced to control Clematis vitalba in New Zealand. However, when this was tested in a manipulative experiment, the observed effects could not be reproduced. Conidia did not survive well when sprayed onto flies, flies did not easily transmit the fungus to C. vitalba leaves, and the incidence of infection spots was not related to the density of feeding punctures in leaves. Although no synergistic effects were demonstrated in this case, insect–pathogen interactions, especially those mediated through the host plant, are important to many facets of biological control practice. This is discussed with reference to recent literature. Keywords: Clematis vitalba, insect–plant pathogen interactions, Phoma clematidina, Phytomyza vitalbae, tripartite interactions. Introduction Hatcher & Paul (2001) have succinctly reviewed the field of plant pathogen–herbivore interactions. Simple, Biological control of weeds is based on the sure knowl- direct interactions between plant pathogens and insects edge that both pathogens and herbivores can influence (such as mycophagy and disease transmission) are well the fitness of plants and depress plant populations understood (Agrios 1980), as are the direct effects of (McFadyen 1998). We seek suites of control agents that insects and plant pathogens on plant performance. Very have combined effects that are greater than those of the few fungi are dependent on insects for the transmission agents acting alone (Harris 1984). -
Taxonomy and Multigene Phylogenetic Evaluation of Novel Species in Boeremia and Epicoccum with New Records of Ascochyta and Didymella (Didymellaceae)
Mycosphere 8(8): 1080–1101 (2017) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019 Article Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/8/8/9 Copyright © Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Taxonomy and multigene phylogenetic evaluation of novel species in Boeremia and Epicoccum with new records of Ascochyta and Didymella (Didymellaceae) Jayasiri SC1,2, Hyde KD2,3, Jones EBG4, Jeewon R5, Ariyawansa HA6, Bhat JD7, Camporesi E8 and Kang JC1 1 Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources of National Education Ministry of China, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, P.R. China 2Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand 3World Agro forestry Centre East and Central Asia Office, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming 650201, P. R. China 4Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 1145, Saudi Arabia 5Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius 6Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, College of BioResources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec.4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC. 7No. 128/1-J, Azad Housing Society, Curca, P.O. Goa Velha, 403108, India 89A.M.B. Gruppo Micologico Forlivese “Antonio Cicognani”, Via Roma 18, Forlì, Italy; A.M.B. CircoloMicologico “Giovanni Carini”, C.P. 314, Brescia, Italy; Società per gliStudiNaturalisticidella Romagna, C.P. 144, Bagnacavallo (RA), Italy *Correspondence: [email protected] Jayasiri SC, Hyde KD, Jones EBG, Jeewon R, Ariyawansa HA, Bhat JD, Camporesi E, Kang JC 2017 – Taxonomy and multigene phylogenetic evaluation of novel species in Boeremia and Epicoccum with new records of Ascochyta and Didymella (Didymellaceae). -
BROWN ROOT ROT in ALFALFA IDENTIFIED in NORTHWEST MINNESOTA Reprinted with Permission from Philip Glogoza, Editor, Cropping Issues in Northwest Minnesota
Clippings – June 6, 2005 BROWN ROOT ROT IN ALFALFA IDENTIFIED IN NORTHWEST MINNESOTA Reprinted with permission from Philip Glogoza, Editor, Cropping Issues in Northwest Minnesota. By Deborah Samac, USDA-ARS - U of M Plant Pathologist; Charla Hollingsworth, U of M Plant Pathologist; Paul Peterson, U of M Agronomist; Fred Gray, U of Wyoming Plant Pathologist; Hans Kandel, Regional Extension Educator Brown Root Rot (BRR) was first described in North America on yellow sweetclover (Melilotus) and alfalfa in Canada in 1933. It can be a serious disease of sweetclover in Canada. Brown root rot is caused by a cold-loving fungus, Phoma sclerotioides. The pathogen can also infect other forage legume crops including alsike clover, bird’s-foot trefoil, sainfoin and non-leguminous plants such as grasses. The fungus produces survival structures (pycnidia) that infest soil and may function to spread the disease. It is thought to be a native of the Canadian prairie. Symptoms on diseased plants consist of dark colored lesions of the tap and lateral roots. Initial lesions are often localized but can spread and eventually girdle the roots of susceptible plant hosts and cause the tissues to rot. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria nodules can also be rotted. If lesions occur on the upper tap root there is less healthy tissue for storage of carbohydrates, and diseased plants are more susceptible to winterkill. BRR lesions will worsen with each winter until the plant is killed. Dead plants are noticed in the spring and are considered ‘winterkilled’ since they were alive the preceding fall. Distribution of BRR in North America includes Alaska, the Yukon, the Northwest Territories, the four western provinces of Canada, and Nova Scotia. -
(Grau, Craig) Grau Brown Root Rot.Ppt [Read-Only]
InfluenceInfluence ofof AlfalfaAlfalfa BrownBrown RootRoot RotRot onon WinterkillWinterkill Acknowledge contributions of Fred Gray, University of Wyoming History 1933- 1st reported on sweet clover in Canada 1984 – widespread on alfalfa in the Peace River Valley of Alberta 1996 – 1st reported on alfalfa in the U.S. in Wyoming 2003 – reported in Idaho, New York, Minnesota and Wisconsin Host Range (J.G.N Davidson) Alfalfa Red Clover Alsike Clover Sainfoin Bird’s-Foot Trefoil Sweet Clover Distribution In North America Indigenous Fungus CANADA USA Currently known distribution in the U.S. Idaho, Minnesota, Montana, New York, Wisconsin, Wyoming Diagnosis Plant Symptoms Diseased Severe Winterkill Dead Close up of dead and dying plants Fred Gray Plants removed showing severe root rot Brown Root Rot Wisconsin - 2003 Greg Andrews Brown root rot?; Marshfield 1978 Winter Kill in Wisconsin - 2003 Greg Andrews Greg Andrews Greg Andrews •Surviving plants may have lesions on tap root •Frequently diagnosed as feeding scars caused by clover root curculio Brown Root Rot Epidemiology • Infection of alfalfa roots: – late fall to early spring when plants are dormant. • Pathogenic activity: – Dormant root tissues – Pathogen ceases growth when plant breaks dormancy • Symptoms: – Brown rotted roots observed in spring – Plant mortality during winter – Surviving infected plants • Die later in spring • Survive summer but die the following winter Brown Root Rot Pathogen Survey • Fields at least 2 years old • 5-10 plants from each location • 6 inches of the tap root • Variety name • Soil removed from the roots • Place roots from each field in a separate plastic bag and seal • Either send immediately or freeze and send to: Deborah A. -
Title Microfungi Associated with Withering Willow Wood in Ground
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Kyoto University Research Information Repository Microfungi associated with withering willow wood in ground Title contact near Syowa Station, East Antarctica for 40�years Hirose, Dai; Tanabe, Yukiko; Uchida, Masaki; Kudoh, Sakae; Author(s) Osono, Takashi Citation Polar Biology (2013), 36(6): 919-924 Issue Date 2013-06 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/189818 The final publication is available at Springer via Right http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-013-1320-x Type Journal Article Textversion author Kyoto University 1 Category of paper: Short note 2 3 Microfungi associated with withering willow wood in ground contact near Syowa 4 Station, East Antarctica for 40 years 5 6 Dai Hirose Yukiko Tanabe Masaki Uchida Sakae Kudoh Takashi Osono 7 8 D. Hirose 9 College of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba 274-8555 Japan 10 11 Y. Tanabe 12 Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8563 13 Japan 14 15 Y. Tanabe M. Uchida S. Kudoh 16 National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo 173-8515 Japan 1 17 18 T. Osono () 19 Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Shiga 520-2113 Japan 20 e-mail: [email protected] 21 22 Abstract Data are rather lacking on the diversity of microfungi associated with 23 exotic plant substrates transported to continental Antarctica. We examined the 24 diversity and species composition of microfungi associated with withering woody 25 shoots of saplings of Salix spp. (willows) transplanted and in ground contact 26 near Syowa Station, East Antarctica for more than 40 years. -
New Xerophilic Species of Penicillium from Soil
Journal of Fungi Article New Xerophilic Species of Penicillium from Soil Ernesto Rodríguez-Andrade, Alberto M. Stchigel * and José F. Cano-Lira Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Sant Llorenç 21, Reus, 43201 Tarragona, Spain; [email protected] (E.R.-A.); [email protected] (J.F.C.-L.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-977-75-9341 Abstract: Soil is one of the main reservoirs of fungi. The aim of this study was to study the richness of ascomycetes in a set of soil samples from Mexico and Spain. Fungi were isolated after 2% w/v phenol treatment of samples. In that way, several strains of the genus Penicillium were recovered. A phylogenetic analysis based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS), beta-tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM), and RNA polymerase II subunit 2 gene (rpb2) sequences showed that four of these strains had not been described before. Penicillium melanosporum produces monoverticillate conidiophores and brownish conidia covered by an ornate brown sheath. Penicillium michoacanense and Penicillium siccitolerans produce sclerotia, and their asexual morph is similar to species in the section Aspergilloides (despite all of them pertaining to section Lanata-Divaricata). P. michoacanense differs from P. siccitol- erans in having thick-walled peridial cells (thin-walled in P. siccitolerans). Penicillium sexuale differs from Penicillium cryptum in the section Crypta because it does not produce an asexual morph. Its ascostromata have a peridium composed of thick-walled polygonal cells, and its ascospores are broadly lenticular with two equatorial ridges widely separated by a furrow. All four new species are xerophilic.