Redisposition of Phoma-Like Anamorphs in Pleosporales
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Leptosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales) from Italy
Mycosphere 6 (5): 634–642 (2015) ISSN 2077 7019 www.mycosphere.org Article Mycosphere Copyright © 2015 Online Edition Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/6/5/13 Phylogenetic and morphological appraisal of Leptosphaeria italica sp. nov. (Leptosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales) from Italy Dayarathne MC1,2,3,4, Phookamsak R 1,2,3,4, Ariyawansa HA3,4,7, Jones E.B.G5, Camporesi E6 and Hyde KD1,2,3,4* 1World Agro forestry Centre East and Central Asia Office, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming 650201, China. 2Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia (KLPB), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, Yunnan China 3Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand 4School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand 5Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saudi University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 6A.M.B. Gruppo Micologico Forlivese “Antonio Cicognani”, Via Roma 18, Forlì, Italy; A.M.B. Circolo Micologico “Giovanni Carini”, C.P. 314, Brescia, Italy; Società per gli Studi Naturalistici della Romagna, C.P. 144, Bagnacavallo (RA), Italy 7Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550006, Guizhou, China Dayarathne MC, Phookamsak R, Ariyawansa HA, Jones EBG, Camporesi E and Hyde KD 2015 – Phylogenetic and morphological appraisal of Leptosphaeria italica sp. nov. (Leptosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales) from Italy. Mycosphere 6(5), 634–642, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/6/5/13 Abstract A fungal species with bitunicate asci and ellipsoid to fusiform ascospores was collected from a dead branch of Rhamnus alpinus in Italy. The new taxon morphologically resembles Leptosphaeria. -
Development and Evaluation of Rrna Targeted in Situ Probes and Phylogenetic Relationships of Freshwater Fungi
Development and evaluation of rRNA targeted in situ probes and phylogenetic relationships of freshwater fungi vorgelegt von Diplom-Biologin Christiane Baschien aus Berlin Von der Fakultät III - Prozesswissenschaften der Technischen Universität Berlin zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktorin der Naturwissenschaften - Dr. rer. nat. - genehmigte Dissertation Promotionsausschuss: Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr. sc. techn. Lutz-Günter Fleischer Berichter: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Ulrich Szewzyk Berichter: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Felix Bärlocher Berichter: Dr. habil. Werner Manz Tag der wissenschaftlichen Aussprache: 19.05.2003 Berlin 2003 D83 Table of contents INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 1 MATERIAL AND METHODS .................................................................................................................. 8 1. Used organisms ............................................................................................................................. 8 2. Media, culture conditions, maintenance of cultures and harvest procedure.................................. 9 2.1. Culture media........................................................................................................................... 9 2.2. Culture conditions .................................................................................................................. 10 2.3. Maintenance of cultures.........................................................................................................10 -
Molecular Systematics of the Marine Dothideomycetes
available online at www.studiesinmycology.org StudieS in Mycology 64: 155–173. 2009. doi:10.3114/sim.2009.64.09 Molecular systematics of the marine Dothideomycetes S. Suetrong1, 2, C.L. Schoch3, J.W. Spatafora4, J. Kohlmeyer5, B. Volkmann-Kohlmeyer5, J. Sakayaroj2, S. Phongpaichit1, K. Tanaka6, K. Hirayama6 and E.B.G. Jones2* 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand; 2Bioresources Technology Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong 1, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand; 3National Center for Biothechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, MSC 6510, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-6510, U.S.A.; 4Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, U.S.A.; 5Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, North Carolina 28557, U.S.A.; 6Faculty of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan *Correspondence: E.B. Gareth Jones, [email protected] Abstract: Phylogenetic analyses of four nuclear genes, namely the large and small subunits of the nuclear ribosomal RNA, transcription elongation factor 1-alpha and the second largest RNA polymerase II subunit, established that the ecological group of marine bitunicate ascomycetes has representatives in the orders Capnodiales, Hysteriales, Jahnulales, Mytilinidiales, Patellariales and Pleosporales. Most of the fungi sequenced were intertidal mangrove taxa and belong to members of 12 families in the Pleosporales: Aigialaceae, Didymellaceae, Leptosphaeriaceae, Lenthitheciaceae, Lophiostomataceae, Massarinaceae, Montagnulaceae, Morosphaeriaceae, Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleosporaceae, Testudinaceae and Trematosphaeriaceae. Two new families are described: Aigialaceae and Morosphaeriaceae, and three new genera proposed: Halomassarina, Morosphaeria and Rimora. -
Phenotypic Characterization of Leptosphaeria Maculans
PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF LEPTOSPHAERIA MACULANS PATHOGENICITY GROUPS AGGRESSIVENESS ON BRASSICA NAPUS A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the North Dakota State University of Agriculture and Applied Science By Julianna Franceschi Fernández In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major Department: Plant Pathology March 2015 Fargo, North Dakota North Dakota State University Graduate School Title Phenotypic characterization of the aggressiveness of pathogenicity groups of Leptosphaeria maculans on Brassica napus By Julianna Franceschi Fernández The Supervisory Committee certifies that this disquisition complies with North Dakota State University’s regulations and meets the accepted standards for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE: Dr. Luis del Rio Mendoza Chair Dr. Gary Secor Dr. Jared LeBoldus Dr. Juan Osorno Approved: 04/14/2015 Jack Rasmussen Date Department Chair ABSTRACT One of the most destructive pathogens of canola (Brassica napus L.) is Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces. & De Not., which causes blackleg disease. This fungus produces strains with different virulence profiles (pathogenicity groups, PG) which are defined using differential cultivars Westar, Quinta and Glacier. Besides this, little is known about other traits that characterize these groups. The objective of this study was to characterize the aggressiveness of L. maculans PG 2, 3, 4, and T. The components of aggressiveness evaluated were disease severity and ability to grow and sporulate in artificial medium. Disease severity was measured at different temperatures on seedlings of cv. Westar inoculated with pycnidiospores of 65 isolates. Highly significant (α=0.05) interactions were detected between colony age and isolates nested within PG’s. -
BROWN ROOT ROT in ALFALFA IDENTIFIED in NORTHWEST MINNESOTA Reprinted with Permission from Philip Glogoza, Editor, Cropping Issues in Northwest Minnesota
Clippings – June 6, 2005 BROWN ROOT ROT IN ALFALFA IDENTIFIED IN NORTHWEST MINNESOTA Reprinted with permission from Philip Glogoza, Editor, Cropping Issues in Northwest Minnesota. By Deborah Samac, USDA-ARS - U of M Plant Pathologist; Charla Hollingsworth, U of M Plant Pathologist; Paul Peterson, U of M Agronomist; Fred Gray, U of Wyoming Plant Pathologist; Hans Kandel, Regional Extension Educator Brown Root Rot (BRR) was first described in North America on yellow sweetclover (Melilotus) and alfalfa in Canada in 1933. It can be a serious disease of sweetclover in Canada. Brown root rot is caused by a cold-loving fungus, Phoma sclerotioides. The pathogen can also infect other forage legume crops including alsike clover, bird’s-foot trefoil, sainfoin and non-leguminous plants such as grasses. The fungus produces survival structures (pycnidia) that infest soil and may function to spread the disease. It is thought to be a native of the Canadian prairie. Symptoms on diseased plants consist of dark colored lesions of the tap and lateral roots. Initial lesions are often localized but can spread and eventually girdle the roots of susceptible plant hosts and cause the tissues to rot. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria nodules can also be rotted. If lesions occur on the upper tap root there is less healthy tissue for storage of carbohydrates, and diseased plants are more susceptible to winterkill. BRR lesions will worsen with each winter until the plant is killed. Dead plants are noticed in the spring and are considered ‘winterkilled’ since they were alive the preceding fall. Distribution of BRR in North America includes Alaska, the Yukon, the Northwest Territories, the four western provinces of Canada, and Nova Scotia. -
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(Grau, Craig) Grau Brown Root Rot.Ppt [Read-Only]
InfluenceInfluence ofof AlfalfaAlfalfa BrownBrown RootRoot RotRot onon WinterkillWinterkill Acknowledge contributions of Fred Gray, University of Wyoming History 1933- 1st reported on sweet clover in Canada 1984 – widespread on alfalfa in the Peace River Valley of Alberta 1996 – 1st reported on alfalfa in the U.S. in Wyoming 2003 – reported in Idaho, New York, Minnesota and Wisconsin Host Range (J.G.N Davidson) Alfalfa Red Clover Alsike Clover Sainfoin Bird’s-Foot Trefoil Sweet Clover Distribution In North America Indigenous Fungus CANADA USA Currently known distribution in the U.S. Idaho, Minnesota, Montana, New York, Wisconsin, Wyoming Diagnosis Plant Symptoms Diseased Severe Winterkill Dead Close up of dead and dying plants Fred Gray Plants removed showing severe root rot Brown Root Rot Wisconsin - 2003 Greg Andrews Brown root rot?; Marshfield 1978 Winter Kill in Wisconsin - 2003 Greg Andrews Greg Andrews Greg Andrews •Surviving plants may have lesions on tap root •Frequently diagnosed as feeding scars caused by clover root curculio Brown Root Rot Epidemiology • Infection of alfalfa roots: – late fall to early spring when plants are dormant. • Pathogenic activity: – Dormant root tissues – Pathogen ceases growth when plant breaks dormancy • Symptoms: – Brown rotted roots observed in spring – Plant mortality during winter – Surviving infected plants • Die later in spring • Survive summer but die the following winter Brown Root Rot Pathogen Survey • Fields at least 2 years old • 5-10 plants from each location • 6 inches of the tap root • Variety name • Soil removed from the roots • Place roots from each field in a separate plastic bag and seal • Either send immediately or freeze and send to: Deborah A. -
Biodiversity and Chemotaxonomy of Preussia Isolates from the Iberian Peninsula
Mycol Progress DOI 10.1007/s11557-017-1305-1 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Biodiversity and chemotaxonomy of Preussia isolates from the Iberian Peninsula Víctor Gonzalez-Menendez1 & Jesus Martin1 & Jose A. Siles2 & M. Reyes Gonzalez-Tejero3 & Fernando Reyes1 & Gonzalo Platas1 & Jose R. Tormo1 & Olga Genilloud1 Received: 7 September 2016 /Revised: 17 April 2017 /Accepted: 24 April 2017 # German Mycological Society and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017 Abstract This work documents 32 new Preussia isolates great richness in flora and fauna, where endemic and singular from the Iberian Peninsula, including endophytic and saprobic plants are likely to be present. Although more than strains. The morphological study of the teleomorphs and 10,000 fungal species have been described in Spain anamorphs was combined with a molecular phylogenetic (Moreno-Arroyo 2004), most of them were mushrooms, leav- analysis based on sequences of the ribosomal rDNA gene ing this environment open to other exhaustive fungal studies. cluster and chemotaxonomic studies based on liquid chroma- Very few examples of fungal endophytes have been described tography coupled to electrospray mass spectrometry. Sixteen from the Iberian Peninsula, suggesting that a large number of natural compounds were identified. On the basis of combined new fungal species will be discovered (Collado et al. 2002; analyses, 11 chemotypes are inferred. Oberwinkler et al. 2006; Bills et al. 2012). Members of the Sporormiaceae are widespread and, de- Keywords Preussia . Chemotypes . Mass spectrometry . spite that they are most commonly found on various types of Secondary metabolites animal dung, they can also be isolated from soil, wood, and plant debris. Fungi of Sporormiaceae form dark brown, sep- tate spores with germ slits, and include approximately 100 Introduction species divided into ten genera, including the recently de- scribed genera Forliomyces and Sparticola (Phukhamsakda et al. -
The Phylogeny of Plant and Animal Pathogens in the Ascomycota
Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology (2001) 59, 165±187 doi:10.1006/pmpp.2001.0355, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on MINI-REVIEW The phylogeny of plant and animal pathogens in the Ascomycota MARY L. BERBEE* Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada (Accepted for publication August 2001) What makes a fungus pathogenic? In this review, phylogenetic inference is used to speculate on the evolution of plant and animal pathogens in the fungal Phylum Ascomycota. A phylogeny is presented using 297 18S ribosomal DNA sequences from GenBank and it is shown that most known plant pathogens are concentrated in four classes in the Ascomycota. Animal pathogens are also concentrated, but in two ascomycete classes that contain few, if any, plant pathogens. Rather than appearing as a constant character of a class, the ability to cause disease in plants and animals was gained and lost repeatedly. The genes that code for some traits involved in pathogenicity or virulence have been cloned and characterized, and so the evolutionary relationships of a few of the genes for enzymes and toxins known to play roles in diseases were explored. In general, these genes are too narrowly distributed and too recent in origin to explain the broad patterns of origin of pathogens. Co-evolution could potentially be part of an explanation for phylogenetic patterns of pathogenesis. Robust phylogenies not only of the fungi, but also of host plants and animals are becoming available, allowing for critical analysis of the nature of co-evolutionary warfare. Host animals, particularly human hosts have had little obvious eect on fungal evolution and most cases of fungal disease in humans appear to represent an evolutionary dead end for the fungus. -
A Polyphasic Approach to Characterise Two Novel Species of Phoma (Didymellaceae) from China
Phytotaxa 197 (4): 267–281 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.197.4.4 A polyphasic approach to characterise two novel species of Phoma (Didymellaceae) from China QIAN CHEN1,2, KE ZHANG2, GUOZHEN ZHANG1* & LEI CAI2* 1College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, P.R. China 2State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, West Beichen Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, P. R. China Corresponding authors: Lei Cai: [email protected]; Guozhen Zhang: [email protected]. Abstract Phoma odoratissimi sp. nov. on Viburnum odoratissimum and Syringa oblate, and Phoma segeticola sp. nov. on Cirsium segetum from China are introduced and described, employing a polyphasic approach characterising morphological charac- teristics, host association and phylogeny. Both species are the first records of Phoma species on their respective hosts. Multi- locus phylogenetic tree was inferred using combined sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions 1 & 2 and 5.8S nrDNA (ITS), and partial large subunit 28S nrDNA region (LSU), β-tubulin (TUB) region and RNA polymerase II (RPB2) region. The two new species clustered in two separate and distinct lineages, and are distinct from their allied species. Key words: Karst, morphology, plant pathogen, phylogeny, taxonomy INTRODUCTION The coelomycetous genus Phoma Sacc. emend. Boerema & G.J. Bollen is omnipresent in the environments and consists of pathogens, opportunists and several saprobic species from a wide range of substrates (Aveskamp et al. -
Population Biology of Phoma Betae and Management Strategies for Phoma Leaf Spot of Table Beet in New York
POPULATION BIOLOGY OF PHOMA BETAE AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR PHOMA LEAF SPOT OF TABLE BEET IN NEW YORK A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science by Lori Blair Koenick May 2019 © 2019 Lori Blair Koenick ABSTRACT Phoma betae, causative agent of seedling, foliar, and root diseases, is an important pathogen of table and sugar beet worldwide. Little is known of the epidemiology and management of diseases caused by P. betae in New York (NY) table beet production systems. This research was conducted to understand the population biology of P. betae in table beet in NY and evaluate management options for the foliar disease caused by P. betae, Phoma leaf spot (PLS). Microsatellite and mating type markers were developed to genotype P. betae populations, and population biology analysis was performed to investigate hypotheses concerning pathogen biology and the role of various inoculum sources in PLS epidemics. High genetic diversity and moderate differentiation was observed among populations, along with evidence for a mixed reproductive mode. Development of these genetic tools will facilitate future studies targeting specific epidemiological questions. Field surveys were conducted in the summers of 2017 and 2018 to estimate prevalence, incidence, and severity of PLS epidemics in conventional and organic NY table beet production systems. PLS was found in 35 of 60 fields with incidence up to 31% in affected fields. The prevalence of PLS in organic table beet fields (74%) was higher than in conventional fields (49%). This research also focused on the potential of cultivar resistance to form part of an integrated management strategy for PLS in organic production. -
Developing a Blackleg Management Package for North
DEVELOPING A BLACKLEG MANAGEMENT PACKAGE FOR NORTH DAKOTA A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the North Dakota State University of Agriculture and Applied Science By Sudha G C Upadhaya In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major Department: Plant Pathology April 2019 Fargo, North Dakota North Dakota State University Graduate School Title DEVELOPING A BLACKLEG MANAGEMENT PACKAGE FOR NORTH DAKOTA By Sudha G C Upadhaya The Supervisory Committee certifies that this disquisition complies with North Dakota State University’s regulations and meets the accepted standards for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE: Dr. Luis del Río Mendoza Chair Dr. Venkat Chapara Dr. Md. Mukhlesur Rahman Approved: 4/26/2019 Dr. Jack Rasmussen Date Department Chair ABSTRACT Blackleg, caused by Leptosphaeria maculans, inflicts greatest canola yield losses when plants are infected before reaching the six-leaf growth stage. Studies were conducted to model pseudothecia maturation and ascospore dispersal to help growers make timely foliar fungicide applications. Pseudothecia maturation occurred mostly during the second half of June or in July in 2017 and 2018 in North Dakota and ascospores concentrations peaked during mid to late June in both years. A logistic regression model developed using temperature and relative humidity predicted the maturation of pseudothecia and ascospore dispersal with approximately 74% and 70% accuracy respectively. In addition, trials to evaluate the efficacy of five seed treatment fungicides were conducted under greenhouse and field conditions. All treatments reduced (P = 0.05) disease severity on seedlings in greenhouse trials, but not in field trials. Seed treatments, while a valuable tool, should not be used as the only means to manage blackleg. -
AR TICLE a Plant Pathology Perspective of Fungal Genome Sequencing
IMA FUNGUS · 8(1): 1–15 (2017) doi:10.5598/imafungus.2017.08.01.01 A plant pathology perspective of fungal genome sequencing ARTICLE Janneke Aylward1, Emma T. Steenkamp2, Léanne L. Dreyer1, Francois Roets3, Brenda D. Wingfield4, and Michael J. Wingfield2 1Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa 3Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa 4Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa Abstract: The majority of plant pathogens are fungi and many of these adversely affect food security. This mini- Key words: review aims to provide an analysis of the plant pathogenic fungi for which genome sequences are publically genome size available, to assess their general genome characteristics, and to consider how genomics has impacted plant pathogen evolution pathology. A list of sequenced fungal species was assembled, the taxonomy of all species verified, and the potential pathogen lifestyle reason for sequencing each of the species considered. The genomes of 1090 fungal species are currently (October plant pathology 2016) in the public domain and this number is rapidly rising. Pathogenic species comprised the largest category FORTHCOMING MEETINGS FORTHCOMING (35.5 %) and, amongst these, plant pathogens are predominant. Of the 191 plant pathogenic fungal species with available genomes, 61.3 % cause diseases on food crops, more than half of which are staple crops. The genomes of plant pathogens are slightly larger than those of other fungal species sequenced to date and they contain fewer coding sequences in relation to their genome size.