Eleonora Van Aquitanië: Mythes En Perceptie in Twintigste- En Eenentwintigste- Eeuwse Romans En Films

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Eleonora Van Aquitanië: Mythes En Perceptie in Twintigste- En Eenentwintigste- Eeuwse Romans En Films Faculteit Letteren & Wijsbegeerte Maiek Wynants Eleonora van Aquitanië: mythes en perceptie in twintigste- en eenentwintigste- eeuwse romans en films Masterscriptie voorgelegd tot het behalen van de graad van Master in de Geschiedenis 2016 Promotor Prof. Tjamke Snijders Vakgroep Geschiedenis Co-promotor Prof. Micol Long Vakgroep Geschiedenis Commissarissen Prof. Els De Paermentier Prof. Rose Spijkerman Vakgroep Geschiedenis Verklaring De auteur en de promotor(en) geven de toelating deze studie als geheel voor consultatie beschikbaar te stellen voor persoonlijk gebruik. Elk ander gebruik valt onder de beperkingen van het auteursrecht, in het bijzonder met betrekking tot de verplichting de bron uitdrukkelijk te vermelden bij het aanhalen van gegevens uit deze studie. Het auteursrecht betreffende de gegevens vermeld in deze studie berust bij de promotor(en). Het auteursrecht beperkt zich tot de wijze waarop de auteur de problematiek van het onderwerp heeft benaderd en neergeschreven. De auteur respecteert daarbij het oorspronkelijke auteursrecht van de individueel geciteerde studies en eventueel bijhorende documentatie, zoals tabellen en figuren. De auteur en de promotor(en) zijn niet verantwoordelijk voor de behandelingen en eventuele doseringen die in deze studie geciteerd en beschreven zijn. “Eleanor of Aquitaine is one of the most famous women in medieval history, yet also one of the most inaccessible, ‘[f]amiliar and elusive, well-known and yet ultimately unknowable.” Theresa Earenfight, “Queenship in Medieval Europe”, 2013. Voorwoord “Gratitude is not only the greatest of virtues, but the parent of all others.” - Cicero, “Pro Plancio”, 54 v.o.t. Ik maak graag gebruik van het voorwoord om enkele mensen te bedanken. Dit hectische thesisjaar heb ik gelukkig niet alleen moeten doorstaan. Eerst en vooral wil ik professor Tjamke Snijders bedanken die me tijdens mijn schakel- en masterjaar begeleid heeft in de wereld van Eleonora van Aquitanië. Haar kennis en inzicht hielden mij telkens op het goede spoor. Professor Micol Long ben ik tevens zeer erkentelijk daar zij de rol van co-promotor op zich wou nemen naar aanleiding van de heugelijke gebeurtenis in het leven van prof. Snijders. Daarnaast wil ik mijn twee leescommissarissen, professor Els De Paermentier en professor Rose Spijkerman, bedanken voor hun interesse in mijn onderwerp en de tijd die ze namen om zich in mijn masterscriptie te verdiepen. Een oprechte dank je wel gaat uit naar de mensen die mijn scriptie hebben nagelezen met een speciale vermelding voor Milan en Daniel. Bedankt voor jullie hulp en taaladvies. Tevens een welgemeende dank u wel aan al mijn vrienden en vriendinnen om de smarten van een thesis schrijven te helpen dragen met speciale vermelding voor de beste psychologe in spe mevrouw F. Vanclooster. Als laatste wil ik nog enkele familieleden bedanken die mij niet alleen mijn hele academische carrière hebben bijgestaan, maar dag in dag uit mijn leven verrijken met hun aanwezigheid. Ik bedank als eersten mijn ouders voor alle kansen die ze mij hebben gegeven om mijn persoonlijke doelen te bereiken en me altijd meegegeven hebben dat ik alles kan bereiken ondanks mijn leerstoornis. Hopelijk kan ik op een dag dezelfde belangrijke rol spelen in het leven van mijn kinderen. Dank je wel oma en opa om elke dag opnieuw een beter mens van mij te maken. Het hoedje is eindelijk in zicht. Ook een oprechte dank je wel aan mijn kleine broertje wiens steun en liefde mij sinds jaar en dag voortstuwt en kracht geeft. En last but not least, mijn Ternie. Bedankt voor je liefde, steun, feedback en ICT-vaardigheden. Ik ben vereerd dat wij samen één team vormen en kijk ongelofelijk uit naar de vele avonturen die wij nog zullen beleven in de toekomst. Ik hoop dat ik jullie trots heb kunnen maken! Jullie betekenen de wereld voor mij! Mei 2016. Inhoudstafel 1 Inleiding ................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Onderzoeksopzet .......................................................................................... 1 1.2 Methodologie en opbouw ............................................................................... 5 Deel 1 Een contextschets: wat vooraf ging… ...................................................... 9 1 De levensloop van Eleonora van Aquitanië .................................................. 10 2 Eleonora van Aquitanië en haar mythes ...................................................... 16 2.1 Contemporaine krachten aan het werk… ........................................................ 16 2.2 Een historiografie… ..................................................................................... 19 2.2.1 Eleonora van Aquitanië: de overspelige vrouw ............................................. 19 2.2.2 Eleonora van Aquitanië als aanstookster van een ware rebellie ....................... 27 2.2.3 Een ander kijk op de koningin… ................................................................. 29 2.2.4 En daar blijft het niet bij… ......................................................................... 31 2.2.5 Eleonora als literaire patrones, koningin van de troubadours en vertegenwoordigster van de Aquitaanse cultuur .......................................... 41 2.3 Conclusie ................................................................................................... 54 3 Een uitzonderlijke vrouw (?) ....................................................................... 56 Deel 2 De wonderlijke wereld van fictie en film ................................................ 59 1 Eleonora van Aquitanië fictie van de twintigste- en eenentwintigste eeuw . 60 1.1 De auteurs ................................................................................................. 61 1.1.1 Jean Plaidy .............................................................................................. 61 1.1.2 Sharon Kay Penman ................................................................................. 65 1.1.3 Ellen Jones .............................................................................................. 68 1.1.4 Elizabeth Chadwick .................................................................................. 70 1.1.5 Alison Weir .............................................................................................. 75 1.1.6 Mark Richard Beaulieu .............................................................................. 76 1.2 Onderzoeksresultaten .................................................................................. 81 1.2.1 Inleiding: Historische accuraatheid ............................................................. 81 1.2.2 De mythe van de overspelige vrouw ........................................................... 85 1.2.3 Eleonora’s Zuiderse identiteit ..................................................................... 94 1.2.4 Eleonora, de koningin van de troubadours ................................................... 96 1.2.5 Eleonora van Aquitanië als ambassadrice van de Aquitaanse cultuur .............. 100 1.2.6 Fin’amor ................................................................................................ 103 1.2.7 Eleonora van Aquitanië als leidster van een Amazone regiment ..................... 107 1.2.8 Eleonora van Aquitanië als aanstookster van de rebellie van 1173 ................. 110 1.2.9 Eleonora van Aquitanië als moordenares .................................................... 114 1.2.10 De fysieke verschijning van Eleonora van Aquitanië .................................... 117 1.2.11 Algemene conclusie van het hoofdstuk ...................................................... 119 2 Eleonora van Aquitanië in twintigste- en eentwintigste-eeuwse films ...... 122 2.1 The Lion in Winter ..................................................................................... 124 2.1.1 De origine van The Lion in Winter .............................................................. 124 2.1.2 De filminhoud ......................................................................................... 125 2.1.3 The Lion in Winter als inspiratiebron .......................................................... 125 2.1.4 The Lion in Winter (1968) ........................................................................ 126 2.1.5 The Lion in Winter (2003) ........................................................................ 126 2.1.6 1968 versus 2003 ................................................................................... 127 2.1.7 Conclusie The Lion in Winter ..................................................................... 131 2.2 The story of Robin Hood and His Merry Men (1952) ........................................ 131 2.3 Becket (1964) ........................................................................................... 133 2.4 Robin Hood (2010) .................................................................................... 135 2.5 Richard the Lionheart: Rebellion (2015) ........................................................ 137 2.6 Conclusie overige films ............................................................................... 139 3 Algemene conclusie .................................................................................. 140 Bibliografie ..................................................................................................... 143 Bijlagen .......................................................................................................... 152 1 Inleiding “Every century has its own
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