Unit 8 and 9 Summary
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PETROS III (D. 1607) Petros Was Certainly the Successor Of
PETROS III (d. 1607) Petros was certainly the successor of Krestodolu I, but in Ethiopian documents, information about his episcopate is fragmentary and scant, perhaps explained by the fact that the annals of the sovereigns of his time do not survive. Only the manifesto issued around 1624 by Negus Susenyos (1607-1632) in an effort to explain his joining the Catholic church gives a summary view of this episcopate. Denouncing the conduct of certain metropolitans in Ethiopia, this negus wrote: Abuna Petros [III], who succeeded this metropolitan [Krestodolu I], had relations with the wife of a Melchite, and when this fact became public, he paid the fine levied against any adulterer who corrupts the wife of another; certain witnesses having knowledge of this are still living, such as Joseph and Marino, who are foreigners not Ethiopians. Moreover, to this sin the metropolitan added other misdeeds. In the seventh year of Negus Ya‘qob's reign, Petros [III] issued a general excommunication which caused the people to depose Yaqob, exile him to Ennarya, and replace him with Za-Dengel. Later, he [Petros III] issued a second general excommunication in order to persuade the Ethiopians to get rid of Negus Za-Dengel, who was in fact killed [and replaced by Ya‘qob]. And as if that were not enough, when we [Susenyos] decided to fight against Negus Ya‘qob, the metropolitan [Petros III] went to war with him and fell with him on the battlefield. The essential facts referred to in this passage from Susenyos' manifesto must be summarized. Sarsa Dengel had had no male offspring by his wife Maryam Sena, but at his death he did leave some illegitimate sons. -
Implication of Ethiopian Federalism on the Right to Freedom of Movement and Residence: Critical Analysis of the Law and the Practice
Implication of Ethiopian Federalism on the Right to Freedom of Movement and Residence: Critical Analysis of the Law and the Practice By Yonas Girma Adimassu A Thesis Submitted to Addis Ababa University College of Law and Governance Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Masters of Constitutional and Public Law Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa Ethiopia March 2013 1 DECLARATION I, Yonas Girma, hereby declare that this dissertation is original and has never been presented in any other institution. To the best of my knowledge and belief, I also declare that any information used has been duly acknowledged. LL.M Candidate Name: Yonas Girma Signature: ___________________ February 2013. This dissertation has been submitted for examination with my approval as University supervisor. Supervisor: Ass. Prof Abera Degefa Signature: _____________________ Date: March 2013. 2 Acknowledgment First and for most I would like to thank the almighty God and his mother Saint Virgin Mary for all what happened to me. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my advisor Mr. Abera Degefa for his speedy and diligence constructive comments and suggestions on this thesis. I owe you sir! I have to confess that I would not have come this far in the absence of your support! I am also grateful to all personalities who have been voluntarily reacting for my interviews and for their valuable suggestions which made the paper more comprehensive. My gratitude also extends to all the offices and their respected staffs for their dulcet contributions by providing the necessary information and materials which I was in need of. -
Professor Richard Pankhurst
Professor Richard Pankhurst Few foreigners, if any, can proudly talk about their impact on Ethiopia, her freedom and her international presence, as the Pankhurst family did. Madam Sylvia Pankhurst, Professor Richard Pankhurst‟s mother, born in 1882 in Manchester to Dr. Richard Pankhurst and Emmeline Pankhurst, founded a newspaper (New Times and Ethiopia News) in England in 1936, which became the only mouthpiece for the war-torn Ethiopia against her bitter battle with the Italian fascists. At the time, when it was actually uncustomary to oppose the juggernaut fascists, the young Sylvia Pankhurst, conscious of the suffering of millions of Ethiopians, refused to back down even when seasoned politicians (who felt alliance with Mussolini was worth than any association with Emperor Haile Selassie) in England pleaded with her to discontinue her protest. The British politicians, however, had underestimated the Sylvia‟s grit. She wasn‟t the type to be lured easily. Equipped with adequate energy and filled with passion, she scoffed at her detractors and ignored those who sneered at her mission. This pioneer activist for women‟s liberation and equal rights made the anti-fascist movement in England her new passion. In fact, in the 1930s, she supported the Republican cause in Spain and she also assisted Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi Germany to England. She vilified the pro-Mussolini backers, including the press like The Daily Mall, The Morning Post, and the Observer. As historians bear witness to Sylvia‟s testimony, “in those irresistible eyes burns the quenchless fire of the hero who never fails his cause,” that she said about Emperor Haile Selassie when she first saw him at the Waterloo Station in London. -
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Kebra Nagast and Al-Najāshī: The Meaning and Use of Collective Memory in Christian-Muslim Political Discourse in Ethiopia David Chrisna One of the earliest recorded Christian-Muslim encounters took place in Ethiopia, when the prophet Muhammad sent some of his followers to seek asylum in the land. However, in its development, Christian- Muslim relations in Ethiopia have often experienced tensions due to conflicting political interests, inter- ethnic relations and religious aspirations. In this paper, I analyze the use of Ethiopian Christianity’s Kebra Nagast and Islam’s Al-Najāshī narratives in Christian-Muslim political discourse in Ethiopia during the rule of Yohannes IV, Menilek II, Leg Iyasu and Haile Selassie. By using Maurice Halbwachs’s collective memory theory I hope to cast an image of harmonious Christian-Muslim relation in the future Ethiopia. Keywords: Christian-Muslim relations, interreligious, interfaith, collective memory, Ethiopia, peace Introduction Ethiopia has a unique and vital role in the history of Christian-Muslim encounters. In this country, one of the oldest, harmonious encounters between adherents of these two world religions has taken place back in Islam’s earliest history. In the religious memory of Muslims all over the world, Ethiopia stands as the haven that saved the lives of some first followers of Muhammad, the prophet of Islam. However, it is unfortunate that the Christian-Muslim relations in the following times in this country have not always been harmonious. Like in many parts of the world, Christian-Muslim relations in Ethiopia have experienced ebb and flow, which are sometimes marked by violent conflict. As I will show below, these conflicts are not entirely based on Islam’s and Christianity’s theological differences. -
A Survey of Representative Land
1 A SURVEY OF REPRESENTATIVE LAND CHARTERS OF THE ETHIOPIAN EMPIRE (1314-1868) AND RELATED MARGINAL NOTES IN MANUSCRIPTS IN THE BRITISH LIBRARY, THE ROYAL LIBRARY AND THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES OF CAMBRIDGE AND MANCHESTER by Haddis Gehre-Meskel Thesis submitted to the University of London (School of Oriental and African Studies) for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy June 1992 ProQuest Number: 10672615 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10672615 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 This work is humbly dedicated to the memory of His Grace Abune Yohannes, Archbishop of Aksum. ( 1897 - 1991 ) May his lifelong work in the service of the Ethiopian Church and people continue to bear fruit and multiply. 3 ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to compile and analyse information about ownership, sales and disputes of land in Ethiopia helween 1314 and 1868 on the basis of documents which are preserved in the marginalia of Ethiopia manuscripts in the Collections of the British Library, the Royal Library at Windsor Castle and the University Libraries of Cambridge and Manchester. -
The QUEST for the ARK of the COVENANT As This Book Was Going to Press the Publishers Received the Sad News of the Death of the Author, Stuart Munro- Hay
The QUEST for the ARK OF THE COVENANT As this book was going to press the Publishers received the sad news of the death of the author, Stuart Munro- Hay. It is their hope and expectation that this book will serve as a fitting tribute to his lifelong dedication to the study of Ethiopia and its people. The QUEST for the ARK OF THE COVENANT THE TRUE HISTORY OF THE TABLETS OF MOSES STUART MUNRO-HAY Published in 2005 by I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd 6 Salem Road, London W2 4BU 175 Fifth Avenue, New York NY 10010 Website: http://www.ibtauris.com In the United States and Canada distributed by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of St. Martin’s Press, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York NY 10010 Copyright © Dr Stuart Munro-Hay, 2005 The right of Stuart Munro-Hay to be identified as the author of this work has been assert- ed by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or any part thereof, may not be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN 1-85043-668-1 EAN 978-185043-668-3 A full CIP record for this book is available from the British Library A full CIP record for this book is available from the Library of Congress Library of Congress catalog card: available Typeset in Ehrhardt by Dexter Haven Associates Ltd, London Printed and bound in Great Britain by MPG Books Ltd, Bodmin Contents Preface and Acknowledgements . -
Tha Battle of Adwa.Book
THE BATTLE OF ADWA THE BATTLE OF ADWA REFLECTIONS ON ETHIOPIA’S HISTORIC VICTORY AGAINST EUROPEAN COLONIALISM Edited by Paulos Milkias & Getachew Metaferia Contributors Richard Pankhurst Zewde Gabra-Selassie Negussay Ayele Harold Marcus Theodore M. Vestal Paulos Milkias Getachew Metaferia Maimire Mennasemay Mesfin Araya Algora Publishing New York © 2005 by Algora Publishing All Rights Reserved www.algora.com No portion of this book (beyond what is permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the United States Copyright Act of 1976) may be reproduced by any process, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, without the express written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 0-87586-413-9 (softcover) ISBN: 0-87586-414-7 (hardcover) ISBN: 0-87586-415-5 (ebook) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data — The Battle of Adwa: reflections on Ethiopia’s historic victory against European colonialism / edited by Paulos Milkias, Getachew Metaferia. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-87586-413-9 (trade paper: alk. paper) — ISBN 0-87586-414-7 (hard cover: alk. paper) — ISBN 0-87586-415-5 (ebook) 1. Adwa, Battle of, Adwa, Ethiopia, 1896. I. Milkias, Paulos. II. Metaferia, Getachew. DT387.3.B39 2005 963'.043—dc22 2005013845 Front Cover: Printed in the United States This book is dedicated to all peoples of the world who have stood up to colonial subjugation and courageously sacrificed their lives for the love of freedom and liberty ETHIOPIAN TITLES Afe-Nigus — (“Mouthpiece of the Emperor”) equivalent to the U.S. “Chief Justice.” Asiraleqa — (“Commander of 10”) Corporal, as a military title. -
History Worksheet
History worksheet HISTORY WORKSHEET (short notes & questions) FOR GRADE 11 (UNIT SEVEN-UNIT ELEVN) AMHARA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE EDUCATION BUREAU August 2012 E.C Grade 11 2012E.C Prevent COVID19 Page 1 History worksheet Unit Seven 7,1 Restoration of Solomonic dynasty and the Christian highland kingdom The major rivals of the Zagwe dynasty came from the Amhara region. The Amhara ruling class also took away political power from their predecessors around 1270. The founder of new dynasty was a local ruler in Amhara called Yekuno-Amlak. From 1270 until fall of despotic HaileSelasie I rule in 1974, all Ethiopian kings who assumed power over the central state claimed descent from this family. This means that the ‘Solomonic’ dynasty can be said to have lasted for over700 years. It is known that Yekuno-Amlak maintained friendly relation with Christian rulersand traders of the Zagwe dynasty as well as the Muslims traders of Shewa. The main center of Solomonic dynasty around Tegulet district in northern Shewa during that time it was strong military, economically and politically. But after the death of Yekuno-Amlak in 1285 there was internal instability, the main royal prison was Ambagishen. However the reign of Yekuno- Amlakthe kingdom had peaceful relations with all its neighbors. The rise of AmdeSeyon (1314-44) grandson of Yekuno-Amlak the Christian kingdom began territorial expansion against the neighboring states and peoples. AmdeSeyon was the most expansionist king of the medival period. The economy of the Solomonic dynasty Mainly depend on agriculture which was dominated by mixed farming Trade took a very important place in economy at the muslims sultanates in southern part of the region. -
University of California, San Diego
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Intelligible Tolerance, Ambiguous Tensions, Antagonistic Revelations: Patterns of Muslim-Christian Coexistence in Orthodox Christian Majority Ethiopia A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology by John Christopher Dulin Committee in charge: Professor Suzanne Brenner, Chair Professor Joel Robbins, Co-Chair Professor Donald Donham Professor John Evans Professor Rupert Stasch 2016 Copyright John Christopher Dulin, 2016 All rights reserved The Dissertation of John Christopher Dulin is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication in microfilm and electronically: Co-chair Chair University of California, San Diego 2016 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page……….....……………………..………………………………….………iii Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………………iv List of Figures……...…………………………………………………………...………...vi Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………....vii Vita…………...…….……………………………………………………………...….…...x Abstract…………………………………………………………………………...………xi Introduction Muslim-Christian Relations in Northwest Ethiopia and Anthropological Theory…………..…………………………………………………………………..……..1 Chapter 1 Muslims and Christians in Gondaré Time and Space: Divergent Historical Imaginaries and SpatioTemporal Valences………..............................................................……….....35 Chapter 2 Redemptive Ritual Centers, Orthodox Branches and Religious Others…………………80 Chapter 3 The Blessings and Discontents of the Sufi Tree……………………...………………...120 -
New Master Thesis Layout.Indd
The role of sacred spaces in urban development and the integration of the Ethiopian society. Typologies of Belief The influence of religion in the urban landscape. Typologies & Spatial Patterns of Belief The role of sacred spaces in urban development and the integration of the Ethiopian society. Master Thesis Advanced Urbanism Advanced Author: Alejandra Urrutia Pinto Supervisors: Prof. Dr-Ing. Sven Schneider Bauhaus Universität Weimar Bauhaus Universität M.Sc. Wossen Woldekidan Acknowledgments Eternal gratitude to my family and friends who have supported me in all my never ending journeys and endeavours. I would not have been able to do this without you. Special thanks to my travel and research companions, Aurelija, Bastiaan and Fikre who ventured with me into the vast highlands of Ethiopia. Ben for shedding light into life. My supervisors for their guidance and support and to all the friends in Ethiopia who showed us their country and culture. Abstract This work focuses on the spatial compositions and social dynamics of religious or sacred spaces and its immediate surrounding areas in the cities of Kon, Mer’Awi and Gondar, located in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Rapid urbanization and development in Ethiopia alongside with internal national conflicts inz recent years are transforming the spatial configurations of these towns and cities. This study offers insight into the dynamics and influence of religious space in the development of settlement pattern composition, based on the socio-spatial relations of the two most predominant religions in Ethiopia; Orthodox Chris- tianism and Islam. After examining the collected data and social analysis questionnaires, diverse spatial and social behavioral patterns can be derived per city, allowing us to determine how people decide to settle in accordance to their religious affiliation. -
Asma Giyorgis and His Work
ASMA GIYORGIS AND HIS WORK HI STORY OF THE GÄLLÄ AND THE KINGDOM OF SAWÄ EDITED BY BAIRU TAFLA FRANZ STEINER VERLAG WIESBADEN GMBH STUTTGART 1987 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents " 7 Geleitwort des Herausgebers 15 Preface 17 Key to Abbreviations 19 Introductory Remarks 47 A. The Oromo in History 47 B. The Author and His Work 53 C. Some Remarks on the Translation 70 D. Key to the Dates in the Text 73 PART I Introduction 79 1. Scope of the work - The problems of recörding history^n. Ethiopia - Wayzaro Agäyä's book - A legendary origin of the Galla T An examination of the legend - Ase Lehna Dengel and Rägu'el's prophecy - A commentary on the prophecy 79 2. A criticism against the Ethiopian clergy - The age of exploration and discovery - The origin of tobacco - Further criticism against the clergy - The increase of Muslim power in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries - A censure of the Ethiopian clergy 103 3. History and law - Natural law and the institution of Rako - Failure of the Ethiopian clergy to christianize the Galla - Confiscation of the Galla lands - The Galla observe nine of the Ten Commandments - The institution of the Gada - Segmentation and abolition of the Caffe - Spread of Islam among the Galla 119 Chapters: 1. First settlement of the Galla in Bäle - Thetwo branches of the Galla - The early migrations of the Galla - The accounts of Abbä Bährey - The outbreak of the Gällä-Amärä war - The first five Lubä - The campaign of Ase Galäwdewos against the Galla - The victory of Amir Nur and the death of Ase Galäwdewos - The devastation of Harar by the Christians and the Galla - The spread of the Akkeccu in and around Harar - Age cycle and circumcision among the Gällä 137 2. -
A POLITICAL BIOGRAPHY of R7?S Alula 1875
A POLITICAL BIOGRAPHY OF R7?S ALULa 1875 - 1897 to y Haggai Erlicfi A Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy a t the U n iversity o f London School of Oriental and African Studies June 1973 ProQuest Number: 10672713 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10672713 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 ABSTRACT Ras Alula played a significant role in the political history of northern Ethiopia during the period between the Egyptian in vasion o f 1875 nnd the I ta lia n d efeat at Adv/a in 1896 . This son o f a peasant managed to avoid the iocczi social scale by becoming the b est general o f the Tigrean Emperor Yohannes. As such, he helped his master to consolidate Tigrean hegemony in Ethiopia and was appointed as the governor of the problematic frontier province of the future Eritrea, External threats to this province made him a key figure in Ethiopia’s relations with its African neighbours and with European powers.