History worksheet HISTORY WORKSHEET (short notes & questions) FOR GRADE 11 (UNIT SEVEN-UNIT ELEVN) AMHARA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE EDUCATION BUREAU August 2012 E.C Grade 11 2012E.C Prevent COVID19 Page 1 History worksheet Unit Seven 7,1 Restoration of Solomonic dynasty and the Christian highland kingdom The major rivals of the Zagwe dynasty came from the Amhara region. The Amhara ruling class also took away political power from their predecessors around 1270. The founder of new dynasty was a local ruler in Amhara called Yekuno-Amlak. From 1270 until fall of despotic HaileSelasie I rule in 1974, all Ethiopian kings who assumed power over the central state claimed descent from this family. This means that the ‘Solomonic’ dynasty can be said to have lasted for over700 years. It is known that Yekuno-Amlak maintained friendly relation with Christian rulersand traders of the Zagwe dynasty as well as the Muslims traders of Shewa. The main center of Solomonic dynasty around Tegulet district in northern Shewa during that time it was strong military, economically and politically. But after the death of Yekuno-Amlak in 1285 there was internal instability, the main royal prison was Ambagishen. However the reign of Yekuno- Amlakthe kingdom had peaceful relations with all its neighbors. The rise of AmdeSeyon (1314-44) grandson of Yekuno-Amlak the Christian kingdom began territorial expansion against the neighboring states and peoples. AmdeSeyon was the most expansionist king of the medival period. The economy of the Solomonic dynasty Mainly depend on agriculture which was dominated by mixed farming Trade took a very important place in economy at the muslims sultanates in southern part of the region. The main trade port Zeila had completely overtaken Dahlak as a getway of internal and external trade. The main trade item was slaves, Ivory and Gold. In general trade played a very important role during the medieval period. Another development of the period was the expansion of orthodox church and also territorial expansion. Grade 11 2012E.C Prevent COVID19 Page 1 History worksheet Administration The main administration system was Feudal administration. The king maintained both hereditary chiefs and appointed officials. This man enjoyed economic and political privilege over the peasants under him. Most of the tributes are kept by the bala-gult: Balagult is responsible for the maintenance of law and order in his region. Gult had two purpose in Christian kingdom 1. To maintain large territorial army 2. To administering the vast Christian kingdom The main feature of this period of was mobile nature of royal court. In fact some kings after the middle of the 15th century tried to stay one region run many years. For example Zara-Yacob (1434-68) found the town of Debre-Birhan in 1454. 7.2 Muslim states in the Ethiopian region and the Horn of Africa up to 1529 Islam was introduced to the region throughtwo directions, the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden coasts. Generally Islam penetrated the region through two gates. Such as - Dahlack island in Red Sea - The most was the port of Zeila on the gulf of Aden coast. The Muslim Sultanates shared common features. - Their population was made up of Muslim communities - Exercised both religion and political powers - They practiced mixed farming economy but mainly depended on trade During the medieval period Muslim states in Ethiopia regions as follows; The sultanate of Ifat It occupied in North Eastern half of the present province by that name. It was the oldest Muslim state The ruling dynasty was called Makhzumite It claimed the clan of South Arabia. The sultanate of Dahlack Grade 11 2012E.C Prevent COVID19 Page 2 History worksheet Dahlack is a common name for the group of Island the Red Sea. It located not far from the port of Massawa. The economy of the sultanate was based on trade and piracy. For most of its existence the sultanate of Dahlak had attracted the interest of three powerful states. Mamluksof Egypt, Yemen and Ethiopian Christian kingdom. The sultanate of ifat It was emerged in the lowlands east of the Shewan plateau. It was found by local family, ofWalasma. The ruler was Umar Walasma The first historically known, Ifat attained military and political prominence during his reign (Yekuno-Amlak) . But after several battle Ifat was defeated The sultanate of Hadya We do not know when Hadya came to power however Hadyaoccupied the most westerly territory of the Ethiopian region. In the western from rivers of Hadya touched the gibe river. In south it stretched up to LakeAwasa up to north of LakeZiway. The economy of Hadya a mainly depend on mixed farming. The sultanate of Hadya possessed rich natural resources and mainly it was known for its wealth in human resource. The ruler had the little of grad. The sultanate of Bali We do not know when Bali emerged as a state. Bali occupied the most southerly territory of the Ethiopian region. In the north of Bali existed the sultanate of Dawaro and Sharka. In eastern was occupied by the sultanate of Adal. The sultanate of sharka The present territory of the Arsi Oromo was made by the sultanate of sharka. Some groups of the Oromo people were also part of the medieval population of sharka. The sultanate of Dawaro Dawaro was situated south of shoa, bordering on Ifat on the right bank of Awash extended south words as far as river We bi. The present day Dawaro people also trace their origin to Dawaro. The sultanate of Dera Dera was located east of the Awash River between Dawaro and Bali. The sultanate of Fatagar Grade 11 2012E.C Prevent COVID19 Page 3 History worksheet The sultanate of Fatagar emerged the middle the thirteen centuries. It was located between lake Ziway in the south and present and present town of Bisheftu(debrezeit) in the north. It included the district of Minjar,Shenkora and Ada’s inshewa. The Sultanate of Arbabini It is location which comes from an Arab historian called Al-Umani. It existed south of the Awash River between the sultanate of Adya and Dawaro. The Sultanate of Adal Adal emerged towards the end of the 14thcentury.ifat and Adal shared common history. It was ruled by the same dynasty called Walasma. The first center of Adal was at Deker, south east of Harar which later shifted to Harar . Ahmed Badlay was one of the strongest sultanates of Adal. He led a series of military campaigns against his Christian king Zara Yakob (1434-1468). Badlay was complete defeat in 1445. 7.3 Omotic states in the Ethiopian Region and horn of Africa up to 1529 There were also states whose communities mainly followed traditional religion. Omoticstates were at the following. The kingdom of Damot Damot was one of the oldest and strongest states in Ethiopian region. Damot occupied the western and south western part of Ethiopian region what is now the territory of the regional state of Beni-Shangul-Gumuz. In northern part at the present day northern shewa and Damot included the centeral and southern part of Shewa. A vast territory south of the Abay gorge was also the part territory of Damot. The dominance of Damot in the Ethiopian region continued during the zagweperiod. Among the kings of Damot of Motolomi is constantly mentioned in the records of the period. The kingdom of Kafa Kafa was located south of Gojeb river The people of kafa called Keficho. The origin of Kafa called Minjo. The administration of Kfa was divided in to provinces. The council of Kafa called mikrecho. Grade 11 2012E.C Prevent COVID19 Page 4 History worksheet The king title called Tato. The economy depended on trade and agriculture. Kafa incorporated by Menilik II in the late of 1890’s. The kingdom of Enarya It was located north of Gojeb River and west of upper course of the Gibe rivers. Enarya was the main source of trade items for the trade of the region. Later history of Enarya closely related to the history of the Oromo people. Enarya expansion of the mecha Oromo. The kingdom of Bizamo The kingdomof Bizamo existed on southern bend of the AbayRiverjust opposite to the present discrit of Womberma in southern Gojam. But we do not know Bizamo came in to existence. Bizamo are speaking Omotic language family. The kingdom of Walayta Welayita was located south of the sultanate of Hadya. The origin from ancientkingdom of Damot .Welayita became the tributary of the Christian kingdom during the king Yeshaq (1413-1430). Welayita was invaded by Imam Ahmed Ibrahim. The kings of Welayita used the title of Kawo. The founder of the dynasty was Motalami. The Kingdom of Yama It was existed between Gibe River and the upper course of the Oromo River. The first kings Yema belonged to dynasty called Halmam Gama. The economy of Yama mainly depended on agriculture. Trade played a secondary role of its economy. 7.4 Hegemony of the Christian Highland Kingdom in the horn of Africa up to 1529 From 1270 – 1529 the Kristian kingdom was in constant way particularly with the Muslim sultanates states. The main cause of the conflict was the control of trade routes along which the long distance trade in the region. This trade was totally monopolized by Muslim traders. Therefore the war expansion of the Christian kingdom was initiated by AmdeSeyon. The first military campaign of Made Seyon was Damot, Falasha and Gojam. He was annexed to Christian kingdom in 1316 and 1317. Among the sultanate as stated earlier Ifat was the most powerful state. The success of the Christian army alarmed the Muslim communities in Ifat.