Archival Issues

ISSN 10674993

Archival Issues

An Index To Volumes 9-21 1984 – 1996

Compiled by Monica Manny Ralston

PREFACE

This index begins where the previous index to volumes 1-8 of The Midwestern Archivist, compiled by Suzanna Moody and Susan Steinwell, ended. Coverage includes volumes 9-21 (1984-1996) of the journal, which changed its title to Archival Issues with volume 17, published in 1992. The index provides title, author, and subject access to each of the article abstracts and book reviews appearing within the journal. Editorial commentaries and issue prefaces were not indexed. The index is arranged in four parts: Abstracts, Reviews, Author Index, and Subject Index. Each part is described below in fuller detail.

ABSTRACTS The index lists all 124 articles published between 1984 and 1996 in alphabetical order by their title. Each entry is numbered in sequential order and includes the full title of each article, its authors, a volume and page citation, and a reprint of the published abstract. Abstracts did not appear until the second issue of volume 10 in 1985. For articles published before that time, brief excerpts from the articles are presented. Each abstract is preceded by an abstract number. This number corresponds to locators given in the author and subject indexes. Because the pages within each volume are sequentially numbered, citations are simply given as volume and page number with no identification of issue, e.g. 9:5. A sample abstract format and index entry are shown below.

ABSTRACT LOCATOR ARTICLE TITLE, Author, volume:page. Abstract.

81 NATIONAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND STRATEGIES FOR RESEARCH USE, Nancy Sahli, 9:5. These article headlines and advertising slogans from a recent issue of the Chronicle of Higher Education are clear evidence of the climate in which all discussions of national information systems for archives and manuscripts must be placed, a climate in which the educated use population will be increasingly familiar with and, consequently, dependent upon, computer applications as a fact of daily life. (Article excerpt.) 4 ARCHIVAL ISSUES INDEX

REVIEW INDEX The second section of the index lists each of the 202 articles, books, collection guides, software packages, videorecordings, and other works reviewed by volumes 9- 21 in alphabetical order by their title. The reviews are numbered in sequential order by a locator which corresponds to locators which appear in italics in the author and subject indexes. Each entry consists of the title of the reviewed work, the authors, the publication imprint, and date followed by the name of the review author and the journal citation. A sample review format and index entry are illustrated below.

REVIEW LOCATOR Title of Reviewed Work. Author. Series title. Place of publication: publisher, date. Reviewing author, volume:page.

1 An Action Agenda for the Archival Profession: Institutionalizing the Planning Process. A Report to SAA Council by the Committee on Goals and Priorities. Chicago: Society of American Archivists, 1988. Reviewed by Eric Pumroy, 14:53.

AUTHOR INDEX The third section provides an alphabetical listing of the authors of journal articles, works reviewed by the journal, and reviews. One entry is given for each author or co- author’s name, followed by locators corresponding to the abstract and review sections of the index. Locators referring to reviews are printed in italics. Entries for some authors may include references to journal articles, to published works which were reviewed in the journal, and to journal reviews of another author’s work. For authors whose listings include references to both sections, abstract locators are given first, followed by locators referring to reviewed works, followed by locators referring to reviews. Locators corresponding to reviews are preceded by the cue word review(s). A sample author format and index entry are given below.

Last name, First name, Middle, [Abstract locators] 1, 2, 3, [Reviewed work locators] 1, 2, 3, [Review locators] reviews 1, 2, 3 Baumann, Roland M., 84, 77, 97, reviews 6, 108, 163 INDEX 5

SUBJECT INDEX The last portion of the index provides access to the subjects covered by the articles and reviewed works. Subject terms used within the index include topics, geographic places, personal names, legislative works, institutional programs and projects, research methodologies; and specific genres, such as bibliographies, collection guides, directories, manuals, and research guides. Wherever possible, subject terminology employed in the previous index to The Mid- western Archivist was used in this index. Additional terminology was drawn from the 1992 SAA Archival Fundamental Series publication of A Glossary for Archivists, Manuscript Curators, and Records Managers. Subheadings for geographic places, research methodologies, and genres were rotated so that entries may be found under topical headings as well as under place names, methodologies, and genres. See references are included to direct users from terms which are not used in the index to preferred headings under which entries may be found. Entries and related subheadings are listed in alphabetical order followed by locators listed in sequential order corresponding to the abstract and review sections. Review locators are printed in italics following the abstract locators. A sample subject format and index entry are shown below.

Subject headings, [abstract locators] 1, 2, 3, [review locators] 1, 2, 3 Sub-heading, [abstract locators] 1, 2, 3, [review locators] 1, 2, 3

Arrangement and description, 66, 93, 28, 50 Case studies, 108, 113 Manuals, 32, 116, 123, 181 6 ARCHIVAL ISSUES INDEX ABSTRACTS 7

ABSTRACTS

1 and provide access to both biblio- ACHIEVING BALANCED graphic and internal collection manage- DOCUMENTATION: SOCIAL ment information. Today’s USMARC SERVICES FROM A CONSUMER AMC-supporting library bibliographic PERSPECTIVE, David J. Klaassen, utilities and local system software fo- 11:111. cus on bibliographic aspects while sup- The concept of documentation, with its port for managing internal administra- emphasis on the need to understand a tive information is sorely underdevel- phenomenon in all its complexity and oped. This article looks at the develop- to identify the universe of available ment of the NOTIS system as an ex- records as the basis for an informed ample of one major AMC-supporting selection for preservation, has pro- bibliographic system along with the foundly affected the theory—if not al- functional requirements of archival in- ways the practice—of acquisitions formation systems and general consid- policy and appraisal. Much of the re- erations when employing library utili- cent literature has focused on macro- ties and software in archival manage- level interinstitutional policy. This ar- ment. ticle draws on the experience of the So- cial Welfare History Archives to illus- 3 trate how the documentation concept ADOPTING AND ADAPTING can be applied to analyze and refine the RECORDS MANAGEMENT TO collecting and appraisal strategy of a COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY particular repository. It describes the ARCHIVES, Marjorie Rabe Barritt, emergence of archival interest in social 14:5. service records, the growth of the ser- A comprehensive records management vice sector, and the increase in con- program has proven an elusive goal at sumer activism. It discusses the extent many college and university archives, to which agency and organizational ar- partially because of the development of chives reflect the participation and per- college and university archives out of spective of consumers and presents is- the manuscript tradition. A 1987 sur- sues related to identification and acqui- vey of archives at twelve universities sition of consumer-created records. showed that the archives are modify- ing records management to suit their 2 particular situation while continuing ADAPTING LIBRARY traditional archival services. Elements BIBLIOGRAPHIC UTILITIES AND of an archives and records management LOCAL SYSTEMS SOFTWARE FOR program are discussed with particular USE IN ARCHIVAL INFORMATION emphasis on adopting and adapting SYSTEMS—THE CASE OF NOTIS certain records management techniques 5.0, Tyler O. Walters, 19:107. to fit individual college and university The USMARC AMC format was de- archives. veloped for the control of archives and manuscripts. It is designed to organize 8 ARCHIVAL ISSUES INDEX

4 liography does not imply that the ad- ANALYSIS OR PRESCRIPTION: vice offered by the authors is authori- RICHARD BERNER ON ARCHIVAL tative. Archivists using these works THEORY AND PRACTICE, Ann should be careful in applying any sug- Pederson, 9:35. gested or implied treatments or rem- Richard Cox recently reminded the edies to sound recordings in their col- American archival profession yet again lections. that our “past is prologue” and described the history of archival enter- 6 prise in the United States as weak, un- APPRAISAL OF CONGRESSIONAL even, and full of large and numerous RECORDS AT THE MINNESOTA holes. So it was with relief of the be- HISTORICAL SOCIETY: A CASE sieged sighting the dust of the ap- STUDY, Mark A. Greene, 19:31. proaching cavalry that I received the The papers of U.S. Senators and Rep- news of the imminent publication of our resentatives are fundamental sources profession’s first comprehensive, re- for local and national history. However, flective work, Archival Theory and their tremendous bulk and complexity Practice in the United States: A His- makes such collections increasingly torical Analysis, by Richard Berner. At difficult for repositories to appraise and last, an experienced and well-published administer. The Minnesota Historical practitioner would achieve what all had Society, which has one of the largest been calling for—a benchmark book collections of Congressional papers in tracing the development of American the nation, assembled an internal com- archival principles and practices and mittee to tighten its appraisal criteria. highlighting those points of genuine Drawing from two decades of mostly progress and contribution which are so abstract articles and books on Congres- hard to identify as events unfold day- sional records appraisal, the Society to-day. (Article excerpt.) created a concrete records disposition list. This list has been invaluable in 5 communicating with the Congressional ANNOTATED SELECTED staffs (improving the content and reduc- BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS ing the size of accessions) and prom- RELATING TO SOUND ises to deliver substantial space reduc- RECORDINGS AND MAGNETIC tions through appraisal. AND OPTICAL MEDIA, Christopher Ann Paton, 16:31. 7 The following were selected for this ARCHIVAL ADVENTURES ALONG bibliography because they offer in- THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION sights into the special nature and needs TRAIL: WHAT ARCHIVAL of sound recordings. They were writ- RECORDS REVEAL ABOUT THE FBI ten over a period of more than thirty AND THE UNIVERSITIES IN THE years and offer a broad range of infor- MCCARTHY PERIOD, Sigmund mation from a variety of perspectives, Diamond, 12:29. not all of which are oriented toward Two events that occurred toward the archival purposes. Inclusion in this bib- end of 1986 serve to remind us that a ABSTRACTS 9 fully informed citizenry is one of the 8 most important antidotes to tyranny. ARCHIVAL ADVOCACY: The first was the publication of Ellen REFLECTIONS ON MYTHS AND Schrecker’s book No Ivory Tower: REALITIES, Elsie Freeman Finch, McCarthyism and the Universities 20:115. which casts considerable doubt on the Archival advocacy and public relations view that American universities were is a daily activity. Our publics already bastions of free inquiry. The second have an opinion about us, and that opin- was, of course, the revelations associa- ion is a reflection of the quality of our tion with the “Contragate” scandal. In services and products. In other words, each instance the public was made we practice public relations now aware of the abuse of governmental au- whether or not we do so consciously. thority by the illuminating power of the To do it well, we must understand what written documentary record. public relations is and how to integrate This article discusses several specific it with traditional archival functions. instances of abuses of public power that Advocacy, not the implementation of involved a questionable relationship traditional functions, is now the core between the Federal Bureau of Investi- activity of the archives, but certain mis- gation and various universities during conceptions about how advocacy op- the McCarthy period. It is a slightly erates and how we should practice it modified version of a paper presented often prevent us from advocating. Once at a session entitled “The Archives of these misconceptions are laid aside, ar- the Second American Red Scare: chivists can practice advocacy, ensur- Sources, Issues, and Reflections” at the ing long-term identification and pres- Forty-ninth Annual Meeting of the So- ervation of, and access to, archives. ciety of American Archivists in Aus- When archivists understand and prac- tin, Texas, on November 1, 1985. tice their role as advocates, certain other The research that this article is based changes will take place affecting fund- upon was made possible by obtaining, ing, education and training, products, through recourse to the Freedom of In- programs, and collaboration which will formation Act, copies of pertinent further benefit archival institutions and records of the Federal Bureau of Inves- the profession. This essay was origi- tigation. The necessary documentation nally presented as the keynote address was obtained with considerable diffi- at the MAC Fall meeting, October 6, culty. 1994 in Saint Paul, Minnesota. The cases examined in this article should help to underscore the notion 9 that archivists have an ethical and civic THE ARCHIVAL BRIDGE, Kevin obligation to support the right of citi- Proffitt, 16:115. zens to as free access as possible to Once upon a time state archival groups public records and an equally impor- stood alone. The emergence of regional tant responsibility to discourage the im- organizations such as MAC forced position of unduly restrictive condi- many state groups to face a new real- tions of access on records held by pri- ity. A newly competitive archival world vate organizations. prompted them to readjust their goals 10 ARCHIVAL ISSUES INDEX

and priorities. Cooperation between 11 archival groups must be part of this re- ARCHIVAL EDUCATION: THE adjustment. Through cooperation the NEXT STEP, Susan E. Davis, 14:13. state groups and the regionals will ben- Archival education has undergone efit, as well as the larger archival pro- rapid changes in recent years. Devel- fession. opments thus far have focused more on the various venues for archival educa- 10 tion than on the actual content of ARCHIVAL EDUCATION: THE courses. The current concern about pro- EXPERIENCES OF THE fessionalism will dominate the next ASSOCIATION OF CANADIAN stage. As a result, future developments ARCHIVISTS, Bryan E. Corbett, 18:97. will concentrate on four areas: the Since its founding in 1975 the Asso- range of audiences for educational pro- ciation of Canadian Archivists has been grams; the content of these programs; active in the development of important teaching methodology; and control of initiatives in archival education. The regulation of archival education. Cer- annual conference has been a mix of tification may also play a major role. formal academic-style sessions and hands-on practical workshops where 12 archival theory and the “why” of prac- THE ARCHIVAL INTERSECTION: tice are discussed with the “how” of COOPERATION BETWEEN archival methods. The Association has COLLECTING REPOSITORIES AND developed guidelines for pre-appoint- NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS, ment and post-appointment and con- David J. Klaassen, 15:25. tinuing professional education and The records of nonprofit organizations training and intends to develop guide- constitute a valuable but endangered lines for the education and training of species of historical documentation. archival technicians and paraprofes- Organizations frequently lack the com- sionals. The ACA has encouraged and bination of resources, perceived need, assisted archival and educational insti- and will necessary to operate their own tutions in developing programs of ar- archival programs. If such records are chival education. The ACA is working to be preserved, archivists will have to with the Association des archivistes du intervene, either to encourage the or- Québec in developing education initia- ganization to establish its own archives, tives at a national level. It has devel- or to arrange a transfer to an appropri- oped a five year Education Programme ate collecting repository. Collaboration and Plan to provide a framework for between the organization and the col- these activities in archival education. lecting repository challenges some ex- This article outlines the education ac- isting conceptions about the nature of tivities of the ACA and assesses the archives and offers opportunities for education initiatives of the Association. creative interaction. ABSTRACTS 11

13 14 ARCHIVAL MISSION AND USER ARCHIVAL OUTREACH ON THE STUDIES, Roy C. Turnbaugh, 11:27. WORLD WIDE WEB, William Landis, User studies provide archivists with a 20:129. useful tool for internal planning and The World Wide Web offers archivists analysis, but they are less reliable when new opportunities for the dissemination used to justify programs to authorities of information about services and col- outside the archives. They should be lections, and even digital facsimiles of used on a well-defined sense of insti- items from collections. This review ar- tutional mission rather than serving as ticle provides some explanation of ba- the basis from which to create such sic concepts and terminology associ- purpose. User studies are normally lim- ated with the Web, as well as pointers ited to reference services, implying that to information sources both on-line and reference is the primary function of an in print. It also presents a few snapshot archives. Although such a definition descriptions and discussions of repre- may be more appropriate for manu- sentative archival repository Web sites. script repositories, it places government Finally, it discusses some broader is- archivists at a serious disadvantage and sues for consideration as archivists pre- devalues archival functions other than pare to exploit technological advances reference. Appraisal and disposition of that allow for what amounts to a po- records are the key activities, and any tential revolution in access to archival definition of use should reflect such repositories by remote users. activity. The author uses examples from his experience at the Illinois State Ar- 15 chives to demonstrate the futility of ARCHIVES AND ARCHIVISTS IN developing programs in response to THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY: perceived needs based on studies of WHAT WILL WE BECOME?, Richard existing patterns of use. The key to user Cox. 20:97. studies in a governmental context is to Archivists have become more prone in broaden the definition of use to include the past decade to speculate on their fu- all areas in which the archives acts so ture. This essay argues that such specu- as to reflect the governmental as well lation should be grounded in the cur- as the cultural function that the archives rent trends of changes of organizations serves. This can provide the basis for and the society these organizations re- embedding the archives in the pro- side in and reflect. The author uses two cesses of government so that standard well-known management tomes, stress- operations are automatically funded. ing reengineering and reinventing, as a foundation for tracking these changes and arguing what archivists should be focused on as they cope in rapidly trans- forming organizations and society. The author concludes that many of these changes should bring a greater opportunity for archives and archivists to meet the archival mission. 12 ARCHIVAL ISSUES INDEX

16 museum’s registrar’s office, and ARCHIVES AND HISTORIC through participation in seminars, col- PRESERVATION: THE CASE OF THE loquia, and informal discussion. Like CCC, Bonnie Stepenoff, 13:77. many archivists, I suspect, my under- After 1942 when the federal govern- standing of the museum world had pre- ment dismantled New Deal programs viously been exclusively from the per- such as the Civilian Conservation spective of a visitor to museum exhibi- Corps and retreated from involvement tions. in the activities of state park systems, it left the states with an impressive 18 legacy of rustic park architecture im- ARCHIVES IN THE MIDWEST: possible to duplicate and difficult to ASSESSMENTS AND PROSPECTS, maintain. In the 1980s, the Missouri Virginia Stewart, 10:5. Department of Natural Resources, cus- The editorial board has, from time to todian of the state’s system of parks and time, grappled with the issue of the de- historic sites, engaged in a patient ef- gree to which The Midwestern Archi- fort to document and preserve hundreds vist should reflect the regional status of buildings and structures erected by of its title and to its parent organiza- Depression era relief workers on tion. Over the years authors of articles Missouri’s park lands. Records held by appearing in the journal have been pre- the National Archives and the depart- dominantly members of the Midwest ment itself played an important and Archives Conference, but the content continuing role in determining the fu- of the articles has not been particularly ture of this great New Deal legacy. This regional in scope. While recognizing paper discusses how archival materi- that most archival conditions and prac- als were used in the preservation effort tices transcend regional boundaries, the and suggests, through this discussion, editorial board agreed that it would be how they might be used in other his- desirable to offer a thoughtful analysis toric preservation projects. of the overall condition of archives in the midwest. The state archival needs- 17 assessment surveys and reports, spon- ARCHIVES AND MUSEUMS, John A. sored by the National Historical Publi- Fleckner, 15:67. cations and Records Commission, ap- Despite striking differences in methods peared to offer the baseline for such an and techniques, archives and muse- analysis. We turned to Virginia Stewart, ums—especially history museums— believing that she knew the region thor- share much in common. Moreover, re- oughly but had no direct interest to pro- cent developments in both fields are in- tect in relation to the findings of any of creasing the area of commonality. Al- the state reports. That she has given us though it is hardly startling, I reached a prescription for dealing with future this realization only as a result of on- prospects that transcends the region the-job-experience—on the museum’s suggests to us that we asked the right collections committee (which approves question of the right person. (Editor’s all major acquisitions), in developing note.) registration procedures with the ABSTRACTS 13

19 21 ARCHIVES, OPTICAL DISKS AND ARCHIVISTS AND GENEALOGISTS: THE COPYRIGHT ACT OF 1976, THE TREND TOWARD PEACEFUL Helen Humeston, 18:15. COEXISTENCE, Gail R. Redmann, Recently many archival repositories 18:121. have begun or are planning to copy por- Throughout history, genealogy has of- tions of their holdings on optical disks. ten been maligned, misused, and mis- This article contends that, depending understood. However, over the past upon the copyrighted status of the ma- twenty years, practitioners of both ge- terial, using computer-assisted reprog- nealogy and history have shifted their raphy might infringe upon the author’s focus and have adopted similar meth- copyrights. This interpretation is based ods of study. These changes have al- upon an analysis of the provisions of tered the traditionally negative view of Title 17 of the United State Code, the archivists toward genealogists, with legislative and judicial case history of many in the profession not only accom- copyrights, and the final report of the modating genealogists but actually National Commission on New Techno- welcoming them to their institutions. logical Uses of Copy-righted Works. Extensive bibliographic citations are 22 included. ARCHIVISTS AND PROFESSIONALISM IN THE 20 UNITED STATES REVISITED, THE ARCHIVIST AS PUBLIC Richard J. Cox, 15:5. ADMINISTRATOR, Barbara Floyd, The past decade was a period of self- 15:17. scrutiny by the archival profession. The The vast majority of archivists are em- 1990s might be a time when the navel- ployed by public service sector organi- gazing of the 1980s is translated into zations, defined as all organizations de- more intensive activity by the archival pendent on public funding. Yet previous community. This is indicative of the discussions of management training for dynamic nature of all professions. Two archivists have made little mention of the important recent studies on the nature applicability of the field of public admin- of professions—one a general analysis istration to that training. Unlike business of professional systems and the other administration, public administration an investigation of librarianship as a teaches management skills for the pub- profession—suggest some ways to un- lic and nonprofit sectors, with an empha- derstand the recent development of the sis on its political context. This article American archival profession. This es- introduces archivists to the field of pub- say reviews these two studies, assesses lic administration, demonstrates how this the archival discipline as a part of the course of study is appropriate for archi- system of professions, and re-evaluates vists wanting to improve their manage- the agenda for professional change sug- ment skills, and finally makes the case gested by the author in 1986. for archivists becoming more effective public administrators in order to thrive in this era of shrinking public dollars. 14 ARCHIVAL ISSUES INDEX

23 value. With the states assessing their ARCHIVY AND THE COMPUTER: A archival needs in the recent National CITATION ANALYSIS OF NORTH Historical Publications and Records AMERICAN PERIODICAL Commission-sponsored grants, the ar- LITERATURE, Anne Gilliland- ticle concludes with parallels between Swetland, 17:95. these two federally-funded archival The author reviews bibliographic surveys of the nation’s records. analyses that have been conducted on American archival literature. She then 25 reports the methodology and results of AUDIO PRESERVATION IN THE U.S.: a citation analysis that she conducted A REPORT ON THE ARSC/AAA on articles in six periodicals core to the PLANNING STUDY, Barbara Sawka, professional reading of North Ameri- 16:5. can archivists. The analysis, which cov- This article summarizes the current ers the lifespan of the periodicals, iden- state of audio preservation in the United tifies key individuals and publications, States as detailed in the final report of as well as disciplinary influences and a two-year study conducted by a con- seminal writings in the area of archival sortium of major sound archives. The automation and electronic records. The study’s conclusions illustrate the fledg- author speculates about the implica- ling state of preservation knowledge, tions of these findings and also recom- effort, and funding in the sound ar- mends citation analysis as a useful re- chives community. The study has in- search approach for understanding the spired new cooperative and standards- development of archival practice and setting efforts among the sound ar- education. chives community, but the larger archival community must still be alerted to 24 the precarious condition and uncertain ASSESSING THE HISTORICAL future of our aural heritage. VALUE OF THE HISTORICAL RECORDS SURVEY, Patricia L. 26 Adams, 12:5. AUTOMATION, REFERENCE, AND The Historical Records Survey is fifty THE SMALL REPOSITORY, 1967- years old and is best known for its sur- 1997, Glen A. Gildemeister, 13:5. vey of the local records in the nation’s Over the past two decades archival au- 3000 counties. This article describes the tomation has evolved from the cumber- activities of the HRS and the types of some, costly, and complex systems of information gathered by HRS workers. the 1960s to the fast, inexpensive user- The article compares the expectations friendly software packages now found of HRS officials on how the HRS in nearly every repository. The impact records would be used, with the results in the small repository has been mostly of a poll of research use of the 104 re- in the area of reference services and the positories holding HRS records. Al- revolution to automated control of and though used by a variety of research- access to holdings is past the halfway ers, archivists feel that the records are mark. Foremost among the new tech- underutilized based on their historical nologies to arrive in archives in the ABSTRACTS 15

1990s will be optical media to store and concludes that unresolved prob- data, faster, more expansive, yet rela- lems in all three areas present signifi- tively less expensive microcomputers; cant obstacles to end-user access to ar- and local area network systems to ex- chival collections via current biblio- pand reference service and access to graphic descriptive networks. data on holdings. 29 27 BUYING QUARTER INCH HOLES: BEYOND ORAL EVIDENCE, PUBLIC SUPPORT THROUGH SPEAKING (CON)STRICTLY ABOUT RESULTS, Elsie T. Freeman, 10:89. ORAL HISTORY, Charles T. Morrissey, Archivists must learn specifically and 17:89. accurately, who uses their holdings; a The recorded interview is a central few individuals and institutions are now component of oral history reminis- examining this question. Archivists cences, but several scholars in North must also learn what users produce with American and Europe, representing di- their research and how these products verse research fields, have liberally affect our personal and public lives. expanded the definition of oral history. Four methods for ascertaining this in- They include other types of archival formation are suggested. Finally, armed materials, many with orality in their with information about clients and re- origins but significantly without the sults, archivists can reach new user con- essential characteristics of oral history. stituencies, affect the general public’s The author illustrates the recurring and perception of archives, and influence unwarranted designation of such those who underwrite and support ar- records as oral history documents. Re- chival activity. The write provides sug- vising definitions of oral history he gestions for undertaking this outreach. broached in 1980 and 1984 he proposes a new version, emphasizing the criti- 30 cal interaction between interviewer-his- CATALOG THEM AGAIN FOR THE torians and historically knowledgeable FIRST TIME, Mark A. Vargas and Janet informants, but still archivally based. Padway, 17:49. Original cataloging of archival materi- 28 als into online catalogs is a resource- BEYOND USMARC AMC: THE intensive enterprise and should be un- CONTEXT OF A DATA EXCHANGE dertaken only after thorough planning. FORMAT, Jill Tatem, 14:39. The purpose of this article is to provide Archivists’ discussions about use of the archivists with guidelines that may USMARC-AMC format so far have prove useful in creating online biblio- failed adequately to address goals and graphic records, based on lessons system design and implementation is- learned from the experiences at the sues. The article focuses on one com- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. monly articulated goal, improved end- The article provides both the library user access to archival collections. It cataloger’s and the archivist’s perspec- examines the issues of data quantity, tive on automating bibliographic data quality, and user-system interfaces records for an archives, focusing on the 16 ARCHIVAL ISSUES INDEX

reasons for implementing and the con- sequences of an automation project, and offers ten recommendations for archivists and technical services staff.

31 CATALOGING: A CASE STUDY OF PRACTICES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA, Nancy M. Shawcross, 18:133. T`````````rvCwand paper- ABSTRACTS 17

35 degree curriculum necessary. The ar- CORPORATE RECORDS IN ticle examined SAA’s history in edu- NONCORPORATE ARCHIVES: A cational guidelines development, the CASE STUDY, Dennis E. Meissner, Canadian experience with educational 15:39. guidelines and twelve years of M.A.S. When a corporation decides to formally degree programs, the growth of U.S. preserve its historically valuable graduate archival education during the records, it generally has two options. It 1980s, and major features of the 1993 may establish an in-house archives pro- draft M.A.S. guidelines. gram or it may seek to donate its records to an outside archival repository. The 37 author considers the extent to which CRISIS IN CELLULOID: COLOR outside archives may serve as appro- FADING AND FILM BASE priate repositories for the records of DETERIORATION, Richard Hincha, large corporations. In doing so he draws 17:125. upon the experiences of the Minnesota The twin dilemma of film base dete- Historical Society in administering the rioration and color fading threaten the archives of the Northern Pacific and film collections of archives every- Great Northern Railways as a case where. The causes of these phenomena, study. He concludes that a good match rooted in past and present film indus- between corporate donor and try practice, appear highly resistant to noncorporate repository is likely to be corrective measures. Current research a rare occurrence and offers several has established procedures that can cautions to corporations and reposito- only retard, not stop or reverse, the ef- ries considering such a relationship. fects. Alternative film bases and imaging systems, as presently constituted, 36 exhibit technological or economic CREATING A FRONT DOOR TO drawbacks that render them unattrac- ARCHIVAL KNOWLEDGE IN THE tive. Without practical, cost-effective UNITED STATES: GUIDELINES FOR solutions to these problems, the prog- A MASTER OF ARCHIVAL STUDIES nosis for film archives is grim. DEGREE, Tyler O. Walters, 18:77. The author explores the need for the 38 Master of Archival Studies (M.A.S.) THE DEPOSIT AGREEMENT IN degree in the United States and its ex- ARCHIVAL COLLECTION pression through the Society of Ameri- DEVELOPMENT, Dennis F. Walle, can Archivists’ Guidelines for the De- 10:117. velopment of a Curriculum for a Mas- The article analyzes the results of re- ter of Archival Studies. He contends search on the usage of deposit agree- that the substantial and distinct body ments and their impact on collection of archival knowledge, coupled with development. It is based on a survey the emergence of new information tech- response from 135 archival agencies. nologies that have changed the way It includes examples of institutional archives are created, maintained, and experience as well as suggested ele- used, make an autonomous two-year ments of a deposit agreement. Many 18 ARCHIVAL ISSUES INDEX

archivists and archival repositories use 40 deposit agreements to acquire collec- DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS: tions when the owner is reluctant to DOCUMENTARY OPPORTUNITIES relinquish title through the standard NOT TO BE MISSED, Anne J. deed of gift. A survey of selected ar- Gilliland-Swetland, 20:39. chival repositories illustrates a diver- Drawing upon professional literature sity of practice regarding the extent of and electronic records and digital li- usage and types of arrangements. The brary research initiatives at the Univer- arrangements are variously designated sity of Michigan, this paper examines as semi-permanent, open-ended, timed, the nature of and opportunities pro- or otherwise modified. To provide guid- vided by digital communications, pri- ance to those considering using deposit marily as evolving documentary media, agreements in their programs, the au- but also as digital environments thor discusses fourteen possible ele- through which documentation may po- ments of a deposit agreement. Deposi- tentially be made more widely avail- tories contemplating their use are urged able and relevant. It cautions against to seek legal counsel. The deposit utilizing a pure systems or risk man- agreement is a viable tool for collec- agement approach in identifying such tion development which archivists materials for long-term retention, and should use with caution. concludes with a discussion of the need to revisit the role of appraisal to estab- 39 lish and capitalize on the nature and use A DIFFERENT SHADE OF GREEN: of digital communications. DOCUMENTING ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM AND JUSTICE, Stephen C. 41 Sturgeon, 21:33. DIGITAL EVOLUTION: CHANGING For the past twenty years archivists ROLES AND CHALLENGES FOR have been attempting to diversify their ARCHIVISTS IN THE AGE OF collections to include historically ex- GLOBAL NETWORKING, Laurie cluded groups such as minorities. The Brooke Crum, 20:51. environmental justice movement, an The combination of the evolving na- attempt by people of color to combat ture of the Internet and new document toxic pollution in their neighborhoods, types and information that are being presents a unique opportunity for ar- disseminated throughout the World chivists to achieve this goal by docu- Wide Web pose significant challenges menting the efforts of these commu- for any professional engaged in the nity-based coalitions. This opportunity documentation and study of organiza- also offers archivists a chance to reex- tions and human culture. This article amine the use and usefulness of “docu- serves as an exploratory platform for mentation strategies” for filling gaps in archival issues related to global com- collections. This essay argues that in- puter networking as exemplified by the stead of “documentation strategies,” the Internet. A discussion of the parallels profession needs to engage in “docu- and differences of the evolution of the mentation advocacy” to secure diverse collections. ABSTRACTS 19

book and hypermedia World Wide Web an experiment to answer one specific documents highlights a number of im- question: how often do names used by portant challenges for archivists. The the MUA match those already in the article also offers dynamic, organic Library of Congress Name Authority definitions of the Internet and World File (LCNAF) for the same person or Wide Web documents. The author ex- organization? The research focused on amines important cultural implications the potential need to create authority and concerns for professionals engaged records for personal and corporate in the use and documentation of new names, used either as creators of col- forms of digital media. lections or as added entries. The results show that 85 percent of the names did 42 not exactly match those already in the DISSIMILAR APPRAISAL LCNAF, including 34 percent which DOCUMENTATION AS AN conflicted. Only 15 percent of the IMPEDIMENT TO SHARING names matched the LCNAF exactly, APPRAISAL DATA: A SURVEY OF meaning that no conflict could occur. APPRAISAL DOCUMENTATION IN The study concludes with observations GOVERNMENT ARCHIVAL on the need for further research. REPOSITORIES, Thomas J. Ruller, 17:65. 44 A survey of twenty-one government DOCUMENTATION OF THE UNITED archival repositories gathered data on STATES AT WAR IN THE 20TH methods for documenting appraisal de- CENTURY: AN ARCHIVIST’S cisions. When analyzed, the survey re- REFLECTIONS ON SOURCES, veals significant disparity among insti- THEMES, AND ACCESS, Shirley J. tutions. The institutions surveyed cre- Burton, 13:17. ate four primary forms of appraisal War is not simply a military matter, but documentation. The differences in for- rather a complex phenomenon that af- mat and content of appraisal documen- fects all of society. The documentation tation seriously inhibit interinstitutional of war is similarly complex. It appears sharing of appraisal data. To promote in both public and private sources and sharing, a standard interchange format in machine-readable, audio, and for appraisal documentation should be video—as well as paper—form, created. thereby presenting a considerable challenge to archivists concerned with the 43 preservation of adequate documenta- DO WE NEED AUTHORITY tion. Trends in research and interpreta- CONTROL? INVESTIGATIONS AT tion can affect the demand for particu- THE MILWAUKEE URBAN lar types of sources, but access to the ARCHIVES, Mark A. Vargas, 19:45. archival record is often a greater ob- Although authority control is an issue stacle to research than limitations on of growing importance to archivists, the nature or extent of the documenta- little research has been done to investi- tion. Archivists will bear considerable gate its necessity. As an initial step, the responsibility for what the future will Milwaukee Urban Archives conducted know of war in the twentieth century 20 ARCHIVAL ISSUES INDEX

because that knowledge will depend to 47 a large extent upon those fragments of DOCUMENTING THE DIFFICULT the past that survive—the archival OR COLLECTING THE record. CONTROVERSIAL, Karen M. Lamoree, 20:149. 45 Conflict has traditionally been a well- DOCUMENTING AGRICULTURE spring of historical research and inter- AND RURAL LIFE, Gould P. Colman, pretation, for it is inherently interest- 12:21. ing. Examining controversy permits To conserve the resources available for study not only of the contested issue historic documentation, archivists itself but also of the context in which it would do well to concentrate on what is found and the factors that led to its is most crucial in shaping events. The appearance. Despite such inherent in- farm family has been crucial to shap- terest many archival and manuscript ing agriculture and rural life in the repositories have failed to document United State since chattel slavery was relatively recent conflicts in their areas abolished. Methods which can be used of collection responsibility. Why, as a to document the family-based occupa- profession, are we reluctant to docu- tion of farming, where production on ment the battles over school prayer, the farm is integrated with reproduc- integration, abortion, gay rights, and tion in the family, are described. Limi- even the flouridation of water? tations of these methods are noted. Problems involved with retrieval are 48 considered. DOCUMENTING THE VIETNAM SOLDIER: A CASE STUDY IN 46 COLLECTION DEVELOPMENT, DOCUMENTING AMERICA: Carolyn J. Mattern, 15:99. OBSERVATIONS ON This paper reviews a special collection IMPLEMENTATION, F. Gerald Ham, at the State Historical Society of Wis- 14:83. consin that documents opposition to the The author outlines how the NHPRC’s war in Vietnam among the military. state assessment reports might be trans- Using this as an example the author formed into planning documents with argues that the value of written collect- detailed priorities, actors, objectives, ing policy statements has been over- and monitoring procedures. He cri- stated. tiques the most commonly recurring recommendations and establishes a 49 three-level paradigm (state, regional, EDUCATION FOR ARCHIVISTS: and national) to implement the best rec- HARD CHOICES AND HARD WORK, ommendations emerging from the state David Horn, 21:25. reports. He concludes that the state re- In contrast with the view in the preced- ports, if properly evaluated, could serve ing article [Frank Boles, Making Hard as building blocks for an integrated Choices: Continuing Education and the national records program. Archival Profession, 21:7.], a different description of the audience for continu- ABSTRACTS 21

ing archival education is presented. 51 Archival appointments include many ESTABLISHING A VIETNAM WAR part-time assignments, and many archi- VETERANS ARCHIVES, Elaine D. vists will not take graduate programs. Engst, 10:43. There is a large and varied audience for In January 1981, the Department of continuing education programs that do Manuscripts and University Archives not presume pre-appointment educa- at Cornell University in Ithaca, New tion. The model for education offerings York, entered into an agreement with will include two main types of archi- the Vietnam War Veterans Archives and vists—those with and those without History Center of Santa Rosa, Califor- extensive pre-appointment education. nia. The Department agreed to become Scarce resources can and must be the repository for records collected by stretched to meet a wide variety of the Center, documenting the experience needs. of individual soldiers during the Viet- nam War. This article will consider the 50 history of the project and the various ENSURING CONTINUITY AND strategies devised to survey and collect PRESERVATION THROUGH materials, examining the relationship ARCHIVAL SERVICE between an archival repository and an AGREEMENTS, William J. Maher, advocacy group in collecting contem- 19:5. porary records. (Article excerpt.) Associations and organizations need not hire their own archival staff or es- 52 tablish in-house archives to ensure the THE FBI RECORDS APPRAISAL, preservation of their documentary heri- James Gregory Bradsher, 13:51. tage. Fee-for-service deposit agree- The appraisal of the headquarters and ments with institutional archives and field office records of the Federal Bu- manuscript repositories provide a reau of Investigation by the National mechanism for meeting an association’s Archives in 1981 was perhaps the most archival needs. Such agreements also important and certainly the most exten- can help ensure that a repository has sive and expensive appraisal carried out the policy and resource base to fulfill by federal archivists. In this article the its responsibilities for records that author discusses the FBI records ap- document the important role that mul- praised; the appraisal methodology, tiple and diverse volunteer, profes- including sampling case files for ap- sional, and trade associations play in praisal; the decision-making process modern life. This article describes over for retaining records; and the records twenty years of experience at the Ar- to be retained. The author also provides chives of the University of Illinois at the background to the appraisal, includ- Urbana-Champaign in contract-based ing the 1979 lawsuit that led to the ap- relations for managing the archives of praisal, and the judicial process that external organizations such as the took place during and subsequent to the American Library Association and pro- appraisal. vides a sample deposit agreement. 22 ARCHIVAL ISSUES INDEX

53 ing conditions, role conflict, and in- FROM CLASSROOMS TO sufficient training. This may be true for COMMONS: DOCUMENTING THE some archivists as well. TOTAL STUDENT EXPERIENCE IN At a deeper level, archivists also may HIGHER EDUCATION, John Straw, be disturbed and confused by profound 19:19. changes in the production and manage- As educators and researchers in higher ment of information and mixed media education increasingly recognize the in an electronic age less heavily reliant importance of the out-of-classroom ex- on the printed and written word. The perience in the education process, aca- whole field of heritage is becoming in- demic archivists are challenged to bet- creasingly interdependent, and the old ter document student life. Recent lit- familiar “spaces” and categories of job erature, sessions at professional confer- classification are also changing. An ences, and an admittedly non-scientific imaginative education, coupled with a survey on the Archives Listserv attest “non-specialist preparation of aware- to archivists’ continuing efforts to col- ness” of changing patterns, is becom- lect documentation on this elusive, but ing essential. significant, part of higher education. Using an endowed student life and cul- 55 ture archival program at the University HOW ARCHIVES MAKE NEWS, of Illinois Archives as an example, the James Boylan, 10:99. author examines the issues related to The author analyzed the “image” of documenting the total student experi- archives and archivists in 300 news ence in American colleges and univer- clippings dated from 1981 to 1984. sities. Three types of stories were found: (1) those in which archives and archivists 54 played a secondary role, (2) those in FROM DUST TO ASHES: BURNOUT which they appear in an arranged IN THE ARCHIVES, Hugh A. Taylor, “pseudo-event”,” and (3) those in 12:73. which they were portrayed substan- In contrast to several studies on burn- tively. In the last group, few stories dis- out among librarians, nothing compa- cussed serious issues; instead, they rable has been attempted for archivists. employed metaphors of accumulation For want of hard data, the author has and rot. Such treatment may reflect the attempted to indicate similarities and political weakness of archivists. The contrasts in terms of stress between the article concludes that archivists should two professions. The reader is intro- try to provide full, honest information duced to Charlie, a mercifully fictitious to journalists, to create pseudo-events character, who, as a result of his edu- of legitimate interest, and to encourage cation and subsequent career, achieves stories on archival policies and social massive burnout over time, and in cir- roles. cumstances familiar to many archivists. The principal causes of burnout among librarians are seen to be management- related and have to do with poor work- ABSTRACTS 23

56 mogeneous, however, despite some IMPACT OF THE MARC AMC past and current efforts to remedy the FORMAT ON ARCHIVAL situation. The author presents reasons EDUCATION AND EMPLOYMENT why the issue of diversity demands ar- DURING THE 1980S, Donald L. chivists’ concern, explores the reasons DeWitt, 16:73. behind the shortage of minorities in the During the 1980s, the development of profession, and suggests possible the MARC AMC format allowed ar- means by which to encourage more chives and manuscript repositories to people of color to enter. take advantage of automation on an unprecedented scale. A review of ar- 58 chival position vacancies indicates the IN SEARCH OF ARCHIVES increasing extent to which knowledge HISTORY: EUGENIO CASANOVA of the MARC AMC format became a AND THE SUSPECT LINCOLN criterion for employment in the 1980s LETTER, Valerie Komor, 18:55. and that employers tended to prefer This paper presents a slice of European candidates with pre-appointment archival history which might be of spe- knowledge of the format. Most posi- cial interest to American archivists. It tions utilizing the MARC AMC format recounts the circumstances which led were at colleges and universities. A to the ouster in 1932 of Italy’s foremost survey of archival education programs archivist, Eugenio Casanova: the pub- reveals that by the end of the decade lication of a letter believed to have been these programs had made only a lim- written by Abraham Lincoln. ited response in providing training in the MARC AMC format. On-the-job- 59 training was the most frequently cited THE INDIRECT APPROACH: A source of training for successful candi- STUDY OF SCHOLARLY USERS OF dates who came to a position with BLACK AND WOMEN’S knowledge of the MARC AMC format. ORGANIZATIONAL RECORDS IN THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 57 MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, Jacqueline THE IMPORTANCE OF BEING Goggin, 11:57. DIVERSE: THE ARCHIVAL Archivists need to understand better the PROFESSION AND MINORITY uses to which archival materials are put, RECRUITMENT, Kathryn M. Neal, and the role of documentation in the 21:145. final product. This is especially the case Recent projections indicate that the for scholarly research which results in American work force will become in- publications that can be systematically creasingly pluralistic during the 21st analyzed to reveal patterns of use. As century. What implications do these one of the largest and most heavily used changing demographics have for the manuscript repositories in the country, archival profession? Regardless of ra- the Library of Congress holds a wealth cial background, individuals have of information for studying the schol- joined the profession in small numbers. arly use patterns of manuscript collec- The field remains largely racially ho- tions. An analysis of the scholarly use 24 ARCHIVAL ISSUES INDEX

patterns of thirteen collections of black 61 and women’s organizational records KEEPING THE FAITH? BISHOPS, over a ten year period revealed that 123 HISTORIANS, AND CATHOLIC users had published 168 books. Close DIOCESAN ARCHIVISTS, 1790-1980, examination of eighty-five of these Peter J. Wosh, 9:15. books indicated that only thirty-one American Catholic archives, according authors made extensive use of the ar- to Boston Archdiocesan archivist chival documentation available for James O’Toole in a recent article, are their research topics. The results of this experiencing a “renaissance in study support the findings of other stud- progress.” In fact, since the National ies of archival use among scholars and Conference of Catholic Bishops urged suggest that if archivists paid more at- dioceses, religious communities, and tention to the users of their collections, institutions to “inaugurate a nation- current archival administrative prac- wide effort to preserve and organize all tices would need serious modification. existing records and papers” in 1976, archival programs in many sees, 60 motherhouses, and parishes throughout “JUST A BUNCH OF BIGOTS”: A the country have been born again. (Ar- CASE STUDY IN THE ACQUISITION ticle excerpt.) OF CONTROVERSIAL MATERIALS, Frank Boles, 19:53. 62 This article is a case study document- THE LABOR ARCHIVIST AND THE ing the acquisition of Ku Klux Klan “LABOR QUESTION”: TWO STEPS membership records by the Clarke His- FORWARD, ONE STEP BACK, torical Library and the reaction to that Thomas Connors, 12:61. acquisition. After chronicling the facts Although the “labor question” has car- of the case, the author discusses what ried various political, economic, and the case reveals about contemporary sociological meanings in the nineteenth inter-institutional cooperation, the re- and twentieth centuries, for the labor action of the general public to contro- archivist it has been a question of pres- versial archival acquisitions, and the ervation and control. Efforts of labor reaction of students, faculty, and uni- archivists and academics to collect, pre- versity administrators to such acquisi- serve, and make available the records tions. The author discusses at some of organized labor in the United States length the impact of multiculturalism are traced from the early decades of the upon the debate regarding the acquisi- twentieth century through the 1980s. tion of controversial materials and sug- The state of labor’s records cannot be gests that although multiculturalism separated from the state of the move- can be used to question the legitimacy ment that created them. Labor archi- of placing controversial material in an vists too, must adapt to the changing archives, multiculturalism also contains environment facing organized labor in within it the seeds for a powerful argu- America if they are to construct their ment in retaining controversial records. project “for the long haul.” ABSTRACTS 25

63 electoral history as offered statistically LEADERSHIP AND LOCAL by the secretary of state. (Article excerpt.) GOVERNMENT RECORDS: THE OPPORTUNITY OF THE JOINT 65 COMMITTEE ON THE LET ME HEAR AN AMEN: GOSPEL MANAGEMENT, PRESERVATION MUSIC AND ORAL HISTORY, Ellen AND USE OF LOCAL Garrison, 14:23. GOVERNMENT RECORDS, Richard J. In the last decade a substantial number Cox, 10:33. of articles have appeared urging archi- Few dispute, at least, openly, the value vists to become activists in creating of local government records. For over records to capture historical and cul- a century historians and the antiquar- tural experiences that do not generate ians who preceded them, have used lo- traditional written records, and to em- cal government records to document ploy new techniques to insure adequacy political administration, local history, of documentation. The difficulties and and the lives of individuals and fami- successes which the Center for Popu- lies. By the turn of this century, pro- lar Music has experienced in develop- gressive reformers and public servants ing its resources for gospel music re- began to recognize governmental search demonstrate the utility of one records as administrative necessities. such tool—oral history—in capturing Archivists, too, have professed the critical information needed to under- value of local government records. Un- stand such ephemeral phenomena, and fortunately, their commitment has not support the view that archivists should resulted in providing them with ad- develop a multi-dimensional approach equate care and protection because of to collection development. the weakness of state and, especially, national leadership. (Article excerpt.) 66 LETTING THE WORLD IN: 64 ANTICIPATING THE USE OF A LESSON IN ARCHIVAL REALITY: RELIGIOUS ARCHIVES FOR THE A COMMENTARY ON DONALD STUDY OF NONRELIGIOUS RATCLIFFE’S “THE MYSTERY OF SUBJECTS, Paul A. Ericksen, 12:83. OHIO’S MISSING PRESIDENTIAL Like researchers who overlook reli- ELECTION RETURNS”, Dennis East, gious archives when writing secular 17:145. history or exploring other nonreligious Public record archivists in Ohio should topics, religious archivists often neglect be grateful for Donald Ratcliffe’s pains- to consider these same researchers taking search for the missing presiden- when describing their collections and tial election returns for the first forty planning their outreach. Archivists at years of statehood. He has done a mas- the Billy Graham Center Archives terful job in delineating and unravel- (Wheaton College, Wheaton, Illinois) ing the history of these records. His go beyond serving those researchers diligence obviously benefitted his re- who come to use their materials to study search, Ohio archivists, and the state’s religious topics and reach out to those studying nonreligious subjects. 26 ARCHIVAL ISSUES INDEX

67 tion regarding the type of education LOVE ME OR LEAVE ME: GETTING archivists should receive prior to en- BUSINESSES INTERESTED IN tering the profession, since what is of- ARCHIVES, Steven L. Wright, 21:159. fered through continuing education de- American archival repositories have pends in part on what the recipients of done a fairly good job of documenting the education already have learned. Fi- political activities, military conquests, nally, the article outlines a possible the arts and cultural affairs, as well as model structure for future archival con- the lives of prominent individuals. tinuing education. However, they have done a less than adequate job documenting where 69 people spend a majority of their lives— MANAGING INTELLECTUAL in the workplace. Large corporations ASSETS: THE IDENTIFICATION, recognize the importance of history and CAPTURE, MAINTENANCE, AND employ professional archivists who USE OF THE RECORDS OF preserve those records that assist the FEDERALLY SPONSORED company in accomplishing its mission. SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, Kimberly J. Problems arise, however, in trying to Barata, 21:129. document the small to medium-sized Academic organizations, in addition to companies, the “bone and sinew” of government and private industry, must America’s capitalist system. How can begin to regard sponsored research archives and related historical projects records as vital and integral evidential be made affordable to businesses? Per- and intellectual assets. This essay em- haps, more importantly, how do we phasizes these records’ value as a convince a CEO of the utility of his- means of risk management for both the tory? In 1991, the Cincinnati Histori- researcher and the institution. Estab- cal Society Library inaugurated a suc- lishing a Department of Intellectual cessful and unique corporate outreach Assets (a name chosen to reflect the program that confronts these issues di- nature of the records management/ar- rectly. chives program) under the jurisdiction of the University’s Controller’s Office, 68 where the vital records of all research MAKING HARD CHOICES: being performed at the University are CONTINUING EDUCATION AND maintained, is the primary goal for en- THE ARCHIVAL PROFESSION, Frank suring adequate evidence and account- Boles, 21:7. ability of these activities. The paper Continuing education has received little points out that the records which ema- critical examination by archivists. This nate from scientific research activities article categorizes the audiences that are discipline specific and, as a result, benefit from archival continuing edu- archivists and records managers must cation and priorities among these au- work together to develop programs that diences. In attempting to come to terms will reflect this diversification. The with questions regarding the type of goal of what this essay is suggesting is education needed by archivists the ar- to transform the focus of records pro- ticle also addresses a more basic ques- fessionals off of information and onto ABSTRACTS 27

evidence—evidence of fiscal, adminis- treme anti-Communist reaction at the trative, and legal transactions, as well local level. Using the example of the as providing evidence of laboratory author’s study of the red scare in Hous- proceedings. ton, Texas, the article discusses types of records that are likely to prove use- 70 ful for research in this important sub- MANAGING TOMORROW’S ject. RECORDS TODAY: AN EXPERIMENT IN ARCHIVAL 72 PRESERVATION OF ELECTRONIC MEMORY AND HISTORY: WHAT MAIL, Carol Elizabeth Nowicke, 13:67. CAN YOU BELIEVE?, Walter W. Encouraged by the speed of transmis- Menninger, 21:97. sion and ease of use, many organiza- “Ten years ago it was my privilege to tions are relying heavily on electronic keynote the annual meeting of the As- mail for internal and external commu- sociation of State and Local History nications. What are the implications of when it met in Topeka, where I was electronic mail for the archivist? An asked to share some thoughts on the experiment was undertaken by the relationship of the human mind and Navy Laboratories History Program to history. At the time, I had been intrigued examine use of electronic mail within with the vicissitudes of human memory. the Navy Laboratory community and All too often I came across instances attempt to preserve and archivally man- of individuals recalling history as it age this evanescent form of communi- wasn’t. In a period when modern tech- cation. nology has enhanced the recording— tape and video—of oral history, I 71 thought it advisable to explore the va- “MCCARTHYISM WAS MORE THAN lidity and reliability of memories. My MCCARTHY”: DOCUMENTING THE title on that occasion: “Say It Isn’t So: RED SCARE AT THE STATE AND When Wishful Thinking Obscures His- LOCAL LEVEL, Don E. Carleton, torical Reality.” Today, I want to pick 12:13. up on that theme with a recognition that Although the post World War II red the past ten years have seen further rec- scare is popularly associated with the ognition of the limits to the accuracy activities of Senator Joseph R. of human memory.” McCarthy and his impact on the fed- (Excerpt from the plenary address by eral government, the anti-Communist W. Walter Menninger, M.D., president hysteria of the 1950s actually went far and chief officer of the Menninger beyond McCarthy and Washington, Foundation and Clinic, presented at the D.C. Institutions and individuals in Joint Meeting of the Midwest Archives communities through the United States Conference and the Society of Rocky experienced their own local versions of Mountain Archivists, Topeka, Kansas, the red scare. The purpose of this ar- October 1995.) ticle is to urge archivists in documenting local history to be aware of the need to collect materials related to the ex- 28 ARCHIVAL ISSUES INDEX

73 relate. Archivists can approach visual THE MIDWEST ARCHIVES literacy by becoming familiar with lev- CONFERENCE: A RICH HISTORY els of visual awareness; participating REVISITED, Patrick M. Quinn, 18:5. in the ongoing discourse about the na- This article will recount the origins and ture of literacy, including the relation- evolution of the Midwest Archives ships between visual and textual lit- Conference (MAC) from its birth in the eracy; and increasing understanding of Bismarck Hotel in Chicago on May 5 the special characteristics of image-cre- and 6, 1972, through its development ating technologies as well as the con- into the largest and one of the most ventions and modes of expression as- dynamic regional archival organiza- sociated with particular media. Ex- tions in the United States. Although this panded visual literacy will help archi- article is grounded in the extensive vists to understand and better describe records of MAC held by Northwestern visual resources as well as traditional University Archives, it is more a per- documents and other materials of sonal memoir of a founding member record. The results, improved finding and a two-decade participant in MAC aids and catalog records, will keep pace than a formal history. Such a history, with anticipated expanding require- well-deserved, will come, no doubt, in ments of the research community. due time, crafted by another author with a less-prismed lens and sufficient dis- 75 tance from the events described below. THE MINNESOTA CONFERENCE OF THE UNITED CHURCH OF CHRIST 74 RECORDS SURVEY, Anne A. Hage, “MIND AND SIGHT”: VISUAL 10:53. LITERACY AND THE ARCHIVIST, Between 1980 and 1983 the Minnesota Elizabeth Kaplan and Jeffrey Mifflin, Conference of the United Church of 21:107. Christ surveyed the records held by its Contemporary culture is increasingly 160 local congregations. The survey captured by and reflected in visual ma- had its genesis in 1976, when enthusi- terials. Preserving and providing intel- asm for historical matters led the Con- lectual access to visual records will ference to create a state-level histori- become an increasingly important as- cal committee. Among other responsi- pect of archival work as such materials bilities it was charged with encourag- proliferate and are widely available in ing and educating churches in the pres- electronic form. Visual literacy, an ervation of their historical records. The evolving concept best defined as the committee, composed of lay volunteers, ability to understand and use images soon recognized that it had little idea and to think and learn in terms of im- of the kinds of quantities of records ages, is an essential skill for archivists which might be found in parish collec- and researchers using visual materials. tions, let alone how they should be pre- Archivists of all media should strive to served. (Article excerpt.) increase their visual literacy because of the complex ways in which visual and “traditional” textual documents inter- ABSTRACTS 29

76 78 MODERATION IN EVERYTHING, THE MYSTERY OF OHIO’S MISSING ACCESS IN NOTHING?: OPINIONS PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION ABOUT ACCESS RESTRICTIONS ON RETURNS, 1804-1848, Donald PRIVATE PAPERS, Mark A. Greene, Ratcliffe, 17:137. 18:31. Many of the original voting records of Archivists have written extensively early Ohio elections survive—but not about access issues relating to case files those for presidential elections before (legal, medical, social work) and con- 1852. Several copies of the election re- fidential information collected by gov- turns for all the various offices were ernments. Meanwhile, the profession’s made during the reporting process, but official perspective on disclosing pri- only those retained by county officials vate information in “traditional” private have survived the ravages of fire and papers such as collections of letters has neglect. The lack of presidential records undergone an important but much qui- in the county archives can be explained eter transformation. According to some only by studying the election law in recent archival manuals, the release of force at the time, which has had the any incoming letter in a manuscript unintended effect of making the care- collection may represent an invasion of ful identification and cataloging of the privacy, so archivists are told to impose few extant township returns especially restrictions beyond the wishes of do- important for historians of Ohio elec- nors. These changes leave theory dan- tions. gerously out of step with archival reality and raise troubling questions con- 79 cerning the state of archival ethics. THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES AT FIFTY, Robert M. Warner, 10:25. 77 Nineteen eighty-four marks the fiftieth THE MODERN ARCHIVES anniversary of the establishment of the INSTITUTE: A HISTORY AND National Archives of the United PROFILE OF RECENT STUDENTS, State[s] sic. ... Aside from the celebra- Bruce Ambacher, 18:109. tion, anniversaries are usually time for This paper briefly reviews the history reflection and reassessment, and this is and evolution of the Modern Archives true for the National Archives, despite Institute and its current goals and struc- our short history as an institution. The ture as a provider of post-appointments point of this activity is, of course, to training. The profile of current students learn from the past, to help us under- focuses on their current position, edu- stand who we are as an institution, and cation, and other archival training, ex- even possibly to indicate where we are perience, staff size, institutional hold- going. (Article excerpt.) ings, and major problems to develop a profile of attendees. The paper also examines the success of the Institute as a provider of continuing education. The paper closes with an overview of possible future changes for the Institute. 30 ARCHIVAL ISSUES INDEX

80 82 NATIONAL HISTORICAL NEITHER FISH NOR FOWL NOR PUBLICATIONS AND RECORDS GOOD RED MEAT: USING COMMISSION STATE ASSESSMENT ARCHIVAL DESCRIPTIVE REPORTS IN HISTORICAL TECHNIQUES FOR SPECIAL PERSPECTIVE, Nicholas C. Burckel, FORMAT MATERIALS, Ellen 14:71. Garrison, 21:61. What has been the result of the tremen- To provide intellectual access to its re- dous expenditure of energy and tax dol- search-level collections of 78- and 45- lars on the historical records assessment RPM sound recordings, the Center for reports funded by the National Histori- Popular Music at Middle Tennessee cal Publications and Records Commis- State University combined an in-house sion (NHPRC) since 1981? In his item level database with a collection analysis of Documenting America and level USMARC archival control subsequent state reports, the author records in a national bibliographic util- notes that little progress has been made ity. This article explores the rationale in the twenty years since Ernst Posner for the development of this access sys- published his observations in American tem, examines the system in depth, and State Archives in 1964. The author con- discusses the feasibility of employing cludes that future assessment activities archival collection management tech- must involve a constituency broader niques for other forms of published than the archival profession if they are material traditionally cataloged biblio- to make a difference. graphically.

81 83 NATIONAL INFORMATION NORTH DAKOTA’S FORGOTTEN SYSTEMS AND STRATEGIES FOR HERITAGE DIMLY REMEMBERED, RESEARCH USE, Nancy Sahli, 9:5. Gerald G. Newborg, 14:79. These article headlines and advertising While the individual state assessment slogans from a recent issue of the reports provided accurate descriptions Chronicle of Higher Education are of the conditions as they existed at that clear evidence of the climate in which time, those conditions and needs con- all discussions of national information tinue to evolve. Using North Dakota’s systems for archives and manuscripts experience as an example, the author must be placed, a climate in which the argues that the value of the state assess- educated use population will be in- ment reports lies in the fact that they creasingly familiar with and, conse- can serve as benchmarks and as the quently, dependent upon, computer basis for realistic planning documents. applications as a fact of daily life. (Ar- Follow-up studies are needed to con- ticle excerpt.) tinue the planning process and to in- terpret achievements and shortcomings. ABSTRACTS 31

84 sults have included commitment to the OBERLIN COLLEGE AND THE USMARC AMC format for catalog MOVEMENT TO ESTABLISH AN records; commitment to retrospective ARCHIVES, 1920-1966, Roland M. conversion since central reference re- Baumann, 13:27. quires a comprehensive catalog; use of Acquiring an appreciation for an archi- RLIN as well as membership in a state- val program’s history is one of several wide network (MSUS/PALS) that acts steps to be taken by an archivist when both as a local (institutional) catalog and involved in planning or self-study ex- a network union catalog; and increasing ercises. This is an especially important awareness of the role of the cataloger in step for a new appointee who succeeds facilitating or frustrating research. an archivist who held the position for a long period of time. This article de- 86 scribes the conflict and issues surround- OUT OF THE HOLLINGER BOX: ing the establishment of an archives at THE ARCHIVIST AS ADVOCATE, Oberlin College. As a case study, Archie Motley, 9:65. Oberlin is considered somewhat atypi- This article is predicated on the firm cal. While the study will add to our un- conviction that archival activists have derstanding of the development of ar- contributed much to the democratiza- chives in the United States, it was writ- tion and improvement of our profes- ten in order to educate institutional re- sional organizations and have helped source allocators on past issues and to us to recognize the relationships be- advance specific archival program ob- tween our work and the world around jectives. us. (Article excerpt.)

85 87 ONLINE ARCHIVAL CATALOGING OUTWARD VISIONS, INWARD AND PUBLIC ACCESS AT GLANCE: ARCHIVES HISTORY MINNESOTA HISTORICAL AND PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY, SOCIETY, Dennis Meissner, 17:31. Barbara L. Craig, 17:113. In the process of developing an online Archivists looking out beyond their public access catalog to serve its users, stacks and strong rooms, have unset- the Minnesota Historical Society has had tling visions of the revolution in com- to solve problems concerning the con- munications and its future impact. Even tent of catalog records, system selection, the word archives, quickly transformed portability of machine-readable records into a verb, has been hijacked by data between systems, retrospective conver- professionals who are “archiving” data sion of information in manual formats, every day. How do we acquire new and compatibility of bibliographic data skills yet still retain a distinct identity about information resources in multiple in this new records market with its physical formats. The process was ac- abundant variety of information spe- celerated by the management goal of cialists and data managers on offer? implementing central reference for all the Knowledge of new skills is important, society’s collections when a new State but it must be honed by a sense of our History Center opened in 1992. The re- wider purpose in the ecology of records 32 ARCHIVAL ISSUES INDEX

which is largely derived from a thor- Past is Prologue”. Since the late 1970s, ough understanding of our past. From however, increasing numbers of archi- a sense of continuity with archives his- vists have adopted a modified version tory comes perspective and purpose. If of that motto, “Planning is Prologue.” we grasp the history of archives and of This paper presents a brief historical records-keeping, in all their abundant overview of efforts to plan for the ar- variety, we will be well placed for a chival profession, particularly those strong professional response to both the undertaken by the Society of American means and the modes of modern dis- Archivists, and notes the striking simi- course. larity of the SAA’s most recent planning exercises to those used by many 88 business and nonprofit organizations. PARTNERSHIP AND OPPORTUNITIES: THE ARCHIVAL 90 MANAGEMENT OF GEOGRAPHIC POLITICS AND THE PROFESSION, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, Ann Allan Spear, 9:75. Zimmerman, 20:23. Whatever we do, or do not do, is po- This article provides an overview of litical. We should, therefore, try to un- geographic information systems (GISs) derstand that and then attempt to de- technology and applications. It dis- termine, in as humane and responsible cusses its implications for archives, in- a way as we can, when and how we cluding a review of the existing litera- should act on the great issues of our ture. Finally, the article recommends a time. (Article excerpt.) strategy for managing such systems based on the study of an environmen- 91 tal GIS application in a federal research PRESERVATION OF ACETATE DISC center and on the vision recently ex- SOUND RECORDINGS AT GEORGIA pressed by David Bearman and Mar- STATE UNIVERSITY, Christopher Ann garet Hedstrom. A multi-staged ap- Paton, 16:11. proach to the archival management of When the special Collections Depart- GISs is recommended and new partner- ment at Georgia State University (GSU) ships are suggested to aid archivists in discovered instantaneous disc sound re- the future management of these sys- cordings in acquisitions relating to the tems. GSU Popular Music Collection, the archivists on the staff were unprepared 89 to properly identify and preserve such PLANNING IS PROLOGUE: THE materials. After searching for relevant PLANNING PROCESS AND THE literature and technical assistance for ARCHIVAL PROFESSION, Stephen G. several years, the archivists at GSU McShane, 15:109. eventually learned how to properly care Over the past fifty years, to underscore for the recordings, developed proce- the importance of their work, archivists dures for producing archival preserva- in the United States have promoted the tion copies, and located a laboratory to motto, etched over the portico of the handle the re-recording process. The National Archives in Washington, “The author comments on the need for ar- ABSTRACTS 33

chivists to become more knowledge- per photo morgue) and at the Califor- able about sound recording technology nia State Railroad Museum (100,000 and offers recommendations to improve photographic images, mostly prints) to the care of sound recordings in ar- discuss an overall approach to the ap- chives. praisal and weeding, arrangement and description, and conservation of large 92 photo collections. He discusses appro- PRESERVING CHICAGO priate division and specialization of SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA labor on such projects and argues that BROADCAST TAPES, Brenda Nelson- “something is better than nothing” in Strauss, 16:21. improving access. In the last decade archivists, especially those with music and oral history col- 94 lections, have become increasingly PUBLIC-KEY ENCRYPTION AND concerned about the lifespan of audio THE CLIPPER CHIP: IMPLICATIONS tape, yet few archives have instituted FOR THE ARCHIVAL comprehensive preservation policies ADMINISTRATION OF for sound recordings. The Chicago ELECTRONIC RECORDS, Nicholas Symphony Orchestra Archives, deter- Scalera, 20:65. mined to preserve the sound of the or- The advent of available, inexpensive chestra, embarked on a major audio powerful encryption software based on tape restoration project in 1988. The the virtually “uncrackable” RSA algo- author describes the difficulties expe- rithms, coupled with the Clinton rienced in collecting, appraising, and administration’s response in the form of restoring the audio tape collection and the Clipper Chip proposal, has produced summarizes the most current literature a heated public debate which extends far on audio tape preservation. In conclu- beyond technical issues to the very core sion, she urges all repositories with re- of the constitutional rights and freedoms corded sound collections to view re- of American citizens. The ability which cordings as important musical and his- this technology offers to private citizens torical documents and treat them ac- (or to governments, businesses, and other cordingly. institutions) of encrypting digitally com- municated materials, with privacy pro- 93 tection unassailable by even the most PROCESSING EXTREMELY LARGE sophisticated code-breaking super com- COLLECTIONS OF HISTORICAL puters of the National Security Agency, PHOTOGRAPHS, Thomas D. Norris, presents both serious threats and chal- 10:129. lenging opportunities to archivists al- The photo-archivist frequently encoun- ready struggling with the management ters large collections to which tradi- of electronic records. Thus, it is neces- tional item-oriented processing tech- sary for archivists to become aware of niques are poorly suited. The author the nature and development of this pow- draws on his experience with projects erful form of encryption, the at the Sacramento History Center government’s response through the clip- (1,000,000 negatives from a newspa- per chip proposal, and the associated is- 34 ARCHIVAL ISSUES INDEX

sues of individual privacy and public se- 96 curity. Moreover, archivists should con- THE RECORDS: WHERE ARCHIVAL sider how encryption might be employed UNIVERSALITY LIES, Luciana to facilitate the archival management of Duranti, 19:83. electronic records. Media of communication, particularly material media, are seen by some as the 95 main factor of an increasing cultural in- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR AN tegration towards Marshall McLuhan’s ELECTRONIC RECORDS global village, and by others as the core MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: A CASE component of a common supra-national STUDY OF A SMALL BUSINESS. and supra-ethnical culture. Archivists William E. Landis and Robert Royce, in North America have tended to act 20:7. from within their own culture, and to The electronic records project under- reject the idea of a universal body of way at the University of Pittsburgh has knowledge, on the grounds that records promulgated functional requirements are unique expressions of unique soci- for record-keeping systems intended to eties. Will they be able to cope with the be applicable to any setting. In fact, global record of a very close future many components of these require- without the support of a global concep- ments delineate what should be “best tual underpinning? This article main- practice” for the immediate and long- tains that, albeit unrecognized by many, term design and management of elec- a common body of theoretical and tronic systems of all kinds regardless methodological archival knowledge of their status as producers of records. has existed for a long time and has As such, they clearly indicate the trans- guided the practices of archival profes- ferability and relevance of archival sionals everywhere, and that such body principles and practice to many facets of knowledge rests on the universal of information technology applications. nature of records, a nature that will al- The authors have attempted to demon- low archivists to cope with the chal- strate this relevance by applying these lenges presented by the new global functional requirements to the elec- forms of communication. tronic files created by a graphic design This article is a revision of the Plenary company. Additionally, they recom- Address given by the author at the Mid- mend a balance of software and policy west Archives Conference Meeting, implementations appropriate for ratio- October 14-16, 1993, in Davenport, nalizing the company’s management of Iowa. electronic records. 97 RECOVERING FROM A MAJOR DISASTER, Jean Marie Deken, 9:27. If you believe in the techniques of as- trologers, you might consider consulting one to predict the fortunes of your archives, but even an astrologer will not claim to be able to protect you from ABSTRACTS 35

your “star-crossed” fate. Disaster is reference service: preliminary corre- bound to happen; it’s in the stars. Have spondence, orientation interviews, and you ever thought about it? What will direct reference room assistance. The you do? Let’s take a little time to think findings emphasize the academic affili- the unthinkable: let’s create an ar- ation (faculty, students) of over three- chives, subject it to calamity, and then quarters of respondents and the pre- look at the various procedures neces- dominance of traditional political and sary for coping and recovering. (Article diplomatic topics of study. Research- excerpt.) ers generally have made some advance preparation and have had previous re- 98 search experience. These factors have A REPOSITORY ARCHIVIST ON a strong bearing on whether they ad- CAPITOL HILL , Connell B. Gallagher, justed their preferred and actual re- 16:49. search styles in the course of a visit. The receipt of large twentieth-century High researcher satisfaction ultimately political collections can be a crippling has more to do with whether they lo- experience for a moderately sized ar- cated useful archival materials than chival repository. A proactive approach with the quality of particular reference can , however, soften the blow by per- services. mitting the archivist to (1) understand a working congressional office and (2) 100 appraise the papers en scene before they THE RESEARCH POTENTIAL OF are packed. As a result the repository RELIGIOUS ARCHIVES: THE will receive a smaller, more organized MENNONITE EXPERIENCE, David A. collection with a preliminary finding Haury, 11:135. aid, and the archivist will be in a better Researchers often bypass religious ar- position to provide service on the pa- chives when they write secular history. pers soon. This article surveys seven broad areas of secular history in which religious ar- 99 chives may offer resources: women’s RESEARCH IN PRESIDENTIAL history, genealogy, economic and busi- LIBRARIES: A USER SURVEY, Paul ness history, social history, politics, Conway, 11:35. education, and ethnic history. The Men- Improved information about actual us- nonite Library and Archives (Bethel ers is a key element in developing user- College, North Newton, Kansas) serves responsive archival administration. The as a case study with examples of col- findings of a 1984 survey of research- lections in each area. Although the ar- ers in four presidential libraries are ticle attempts to create awareness of summarized. Rather than compare li- new resources among scholars, it also braries, the study identified patterns of focuses on the responsibility of reli- behavior within groups of researchers. gious archivists to shape and publicize The questionnaire collected informa- their collections for broader and more tion well beyond what is available on efficient use by researchers working on standard registration forms and linked less traditional topics. researchers with the basic elements of 36 ARCHIVAL ISSUES INDEX

101 Group (RLG) and funded in part by a RESEARCHERS, ARCHIVISTS, AND grant from the National Endowment for THE ACCESS CHALLENGE OF THE the Humanities (NEH). This article is FBI RECORDS IN THE NATIONAL based on the experiences of one institu- ARCHIVES, James Gregory Bradsher, tion involved in the project, and consid- 11:95. ers some of the specific steps that RLG Making available to researchers rela- has taken to implement the new Archi- tively recent Federal investigatory val and Manuscripts Control (AMC) for- records is an access challenge to both mat, assesses the ways in which the new archivists and researchers. In this ar- format fits into the Research Libraries ticle, the author discusses the specific Information Network (RLIN) national challenges involved with the investi- bibliographic database, and recounts the gative case files of the Federal Bureau experience of creating records in RLIN. of Investigation in the National Ar- chives. These challenges relate to the 104 difficulties faced by those attempting SCHEDULING THE GOVERNOR’S to understand the records themselves; PAPERS, Bradford S. Koplowitz, by researchers knowing what to ask for 12:105. and being able to decipher what they The papers of governors have estrayed receive; and by archivists in deciding from official custody as the result of a what information must be withheld lack of scheduled disposition. More from researchers, particularly as it re- often than not, the accession of guber- lates to questions of privacy and infor- natorial papers is based upon tradition mation about and supplied by infor- instead of sound records management mants and confidential sources. practices. Efforts to regularize the disposition of executive office records are 102 increasing, but problems still remain. RICHARD BERNER’S RESPONSE [to This case study examines the statutory Ann Pederson, ANALYSIS OR authority and particular circumstances PRESCRIPTION: RICHARD BERNER which resulted in a schedule for the ON ARCHIVAL THEORY AND records of Oklahoma’s chief executive. PRACTICE, 9:34], Richard Berner, Analysis of gubernatorial functions and 9:45. records reveals that scheduling governors’ papers is more a task of arrange- 103 ment than of appraisal. Through com- RLIN, AMC, AND RETROSPECTIVE parison of records of several adminis- CONVERSION: A CASE STUDY, trations, a listing of series descriptions Patricia Cloud, 11:125. was created. For one year, beginning in October 1984, the Northwestern University Archives 105 was involved with eleven other large re- SOAP AND EDUCATION: search libraries in an archives and manu- ARCHIVAL TRAINING, PUBLIC scripts retrospective conversion project SERVICE, AND THE PROFESSION— sponsored by the Research Libraries AN ESSAY, Elsie Freeman, 16:87. Although archival training programs ABSTRACTS 37

have proliferated in the past ten years, of Columbia, by making grants avail- a fundamental concept has been left out able to the state historical records ad- of them, namely, that of service to the visory boards, gubernatorially ap- client. Because service has been re- pointed boards that coordinate and plan moved from training, it less and less statewide archival programs and review appears in archival work. Professional records grant proposals submitted to the recognition and support will be en- commission from their states. The hanced greatly if service to all of the projects have examined historical profession’s clients becomes a founda- records conditions and needs, prepared tion of archival training programs and, recommendations to meet these needs, therefore, archival work. and published their findings and recommendations. The attached list of fi- 106 nal reports gives information on their STANDING ON THE OTHER SIDE OF availability and to whom requests THE REFERENCE DESK, Le Roy should be addressed. Barnett, 19:119. In the course of conducting research at 108 numerous repositories across North A STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF America, this archivist encountered APPRAISAL DURING PROCESSING: some incidents that did not reflect well A CASE STUDY WITH upon the providers of information ser- MANUSCRIPT COLLECTIONS, vice. Believing that we can all learn Richard W. Hite and Daniel J. Linke, from the mistakes of fellow practitio- 17:23. ners, the author describes some of his Recently Robert Sink called upon ar- more memorable vexing experiences as chivists to share appraisal information examples for other institutions to avoid. as the means of developing an empiri- Following these accounts, he offers cal appraisal theory. In this vein, grant possible explanations for deficient ref- staff at the Western Reserve Historical erence practices and shares some ideas Society reviewed the quantity of mate- on how they can be prevented in the rials removed during processing of 136 future. manuscript collections totalling almost 1,000 feet. The review revealed that 107 while no particular subject category STATE ASSESSMENT REPORTS contained a preponderance of dispos- FACT SHEET, National Historical able material, the removal rate for in- Publications and Records Commission dividuals’ collections was higher than (NHPRC), 14:63. for organizations’ collections. This is Since 1981 the National Historical Pub- the result of the focused nature of the lications and Records Commission has organizations, while individuals may funded the most comprehensive assess- collect and keep whatever catches their ment ever undertaken of historical eye. records conditions and needs in the states. The Commission has supported state assessment projects in forty-eight states and territories, and the District 38 ARCHIVAL ISSUES INDEX

109 the utility of the archives. By globaliz- STORE WARS: SOME THOUGHTS ing the archives—i.e. participating in ON THE STRATEGY AND TACTICS an initiative to identify and address a OF DOCUMENTING SMALL multinational’s international records BUSINESSES, Mark A. Greene, 16:95. needs—corporate archivists can be- Most manuscript repositories and even come a vital component of their many college and university archives organization’s international risk man- collect the records of American busi- agement program. nesses, and the archival literature has given much attention to this subject, but 111 little has been said about documenting TAPE STORY TAPESTRY: small businesses. Documentation strat- COMMENTARY, Bruce H. Bruemmer, egy, as defined by Hackman and 15:86. Blewett, provides a framework for con- Bruce Bruemmer’s commentary re- sidering this documentation area. flects upon the meaning of Greenstein’s “Small” business has been defined in experience for archivists. Bruemmer terms of absolute numbers of employ- explores how Greenstein views the ees and absolute dollar values of gross “keepers” of information and the im- sales, but it may be more logical to de- plication of that view for archivists. fine it relatively, within a particular class of business, narrowing the focus 112 of a documentation strategy. “Docu- TAPE STORY TAPESTRY: mentation strategy” founders, both HISTORICAL RESEARCH WITH philosophically and practically, when INACCESSIBLE DIGITAL it moves from defining documentation INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES, areas to assessing adequacy of exist- Shane Greenstein, 15:77. ing documentation and advocating the Shane Greenstein’s essay describes the creation of documentation. author’s search for computer tapes in- ventorying the federal government’s 110 computer equipment. The difficulties of STRANGERS IN A STRANGE LAND: the hunt illustrate an ironic conse- ARCHIVAL OPPORTUNITIES IN A quence of technical change: digital in- MULTINATIONAL CORPORATION, formation technologies make it incred- Paul C. Lasewicz, 19:131. ibly easy to destroy what could not have As more American organizations form been gathered without its invention in foreign operations, few possess suffi- the first place. The essay observes that cient knowledge of the international many of the control and access mecha- records environment to manage effec- nisms taken for granted with well-es- tively the documents those new opera- tablished storage media do not exist for tions create. This knowledge gap can machine-readable data. have potentially catastrophic conse- quences. And yet it also provides a unique opportunity for a proactive corporate archivist to significantly enhance ABSTRACTS 39

113 115 TEAMING UP WITH TECHNOLOGY: TOWARDS 2001: ELECTRONIC TEAM PROCESSING, Richard W. Hite WORKSTATIONS AND THE FUTURE and Daniel J. Linke, 15:91. OF ACADEMIC ARCHIVES, Raimund David used the sling to slay Goliath, E. Goerler, 17:11. and now archivists have the microchip The electronic workstation will enable to conquer gigantic backlogs of researchers to pull together at a single records. A processing method devel- workstation information from a variety oped at the Western Reserve Historical of sources, including the campus ar- Society (WRHS) in Cleveland, Ohio, chives. One consequence of the work- utilizes a word processor and a personal station is that users will be over- computer to expedite the arrangement whelmed by the extent of what can be and description of collections. The retrieved. As a result, information re- word processor’s flexibility permits trieval systems will increase the preci- two archivists to arrange and describe sion of retrieval. Indexing and systems a collection almost simultaneously, of artificial intelligence will guide the though one archivist creates a descrip- user from afar in selecting from the tion list prior to arrangement. This team wealth of information available. processing method has facilitated the Archival participation in the evolution rapid processing of several large col- of information technology of the future lections at WRHS. will not happen automatically. None- theless, there will be several opportu- 114 nities for archivists to convince re- A TECHNIQUE FOR MANUSCRIPT source allocators of the value of invest- COLLECTION DEVELOPMENT ing in technological improvements for ANALYSIS, David P. Gray, 12:91. institutional archives. To better focus manuscript collection activity, staff of the State Archives and 116 Historical Research Library at the State TRANSACTIONS IN ARCHIVAL Historical Society of North Dakota CONSULTING, Virginia Stewart, have developed a technique for manu- 10:107. script collection development analysis. For purposes of this article, consulting This technique employs a systems to is defined as an intervention of outside assess subject content and research val- expertise to address the operating pro- ues of manuscript collections and in- cesses of an organization, with the ex- cludes a statistical analysis method to pectation of effecting change. Success- determine various collection attributes. ful consulting requires a clear under- The results of the analysis are data in- standing of the needs and expectations dicating collection strengths and col- on the part of the client and the con- lection development needs. With this sultant. The process model of consult- information archivists are better able to ing helps to achieve this clarity by build and strengthen a manuscript col- viewing a particular problem as one as- lection. pect of the total organizational picture. The author draws on her consulting ex- 40 ARCHIVAL ISSUES INDEX

perience in organizational development paid to this form of outreach has, in any to illustrate both positive and negative event, been focused on manuscripts re- outcomes in three types of consulting positories. College and university ar- functions: evaluation, planning and de- chives have special difficulties con- velopment, and project rescue. Evalu- vincing students and faculty that their ation, perhaps the most common, typi- primary sources are relevant to the cur- cally involves analysis of background riculum. It is an effort that can result in materials, a site visit, and preparation tangible benefits for the archives, how- of a final report. In a planning and de- ever, and should receive high priority. velopment model, the consultant is engaged to assist in shaping a desired 119 change or the creation of something THE VISIBLE HAND: CREATING A new. Project rescue entails corrections PRACTICAL MECHANISM FOR in a stalled or foundering project or pro- COOPERATIVE APPRAISAL, Max J. gram; by implication, staff members are Evans, 11:7. likely to be threatened. America’s decentralized system of government and the tradition of pluralism 117 have resulted in a diffuse and uncoor- THE USE OF USER STUDIES, William dinated national archival system. The J. Maher, 11:15. archivist often is informed more by One of the most fundamental compo- custodial attitudes than by awareness nents of archival and manuscript pro- of a larger body of documentation. The grams is the service offered to users. appraisal of records falls victim to this Despite the centrality of use to archi- heterogeneity. Appraisal is certainly val work, it has been, until recently, one of the archivist’s most difficult and largely neglected. This article is in- intellectually demanding tasks and is tended to: 1) convince archivists that made even more difficult because it is analysis of use deserves greater atten- carried out without sufficient knowl- tion; 2) outline methodologies for regu- edge of the decisions made by other lar analysis of daily use and for spe- archivists at other times and in other cialized studies of specific aspects of places. Improving the appraisal process reference service; and 3) provide ex- depends upon having access to a body amples of results of both kinds of user of past appraisal decisions. A model for studies. sharing such appraisal data is found in jurisprudence, specifically in Anglo- 118 American common law, where prece- USING COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY dent forms the basis for future deci- ARCHIVES AS INSTRUCTIONAL sions. Mechanisms to support this MATERIALS: A CASE STUDY AND model in the archival world might in- AN EXHORTATION, Mark A. Greene, clude published appraisal case studies. 14:31. However, a more efficient device would Not much has been written recently employ an emerging national data base about encouraging the use of primary of archival descriptions, expanded to source materials by undergraduate and include descriptions of active office other students. Most of the attention records, whether or not they are sched- ABSTRACTS 41

uled for transfer to archival custody. 121 Such descriptions, complete with reten- WHAT’S DIFFERENT ABOUT tion and disposition decisions and jus- RELIGIOUS ARCHIVES?, James M. tifications for these decisions, would O’Toole, 9:91. constitute an on-line data base of shared Since 1973, while the percentage of ar- appraisal cases. This article discusses chivists working for academic institu- both the model and the mechanisms, tions, another numerical mainstay of especially a seven-state shared ap- the profession, has remained roughly praisal project. constant, the number of religious archivists has doubled. What is more, the 120 change has been qualitative as well as VISUALIZING THE ARCHIVAL quantitative. Whereas religious archi- WORK PROCESS: A SURVEY AND val programs in the past tended to be INTERPRETATION, George Bain, found mostly among the mainline Prot- 21:47. estant denominations, religious archi- Would it be helpful, and is it possible, vists are now coming increasingly from to have a pictorial representation for the the Roman Catholic, Jewish, and evan- manner in which practicing archivists gelical groups. conduct their daily work tasks? Utiliz- For all this growth and diversification, ing techniques of cognitive psycholo- however, religious archivists have not gists who study visualization, a survey succeeded in defining themselves ad- of practicing archivists and archival equately in relation to the rest of the educators which asked them to repre- profession. (Article excerpt.) sent the archival workflow visually yielded telling differences that can be 122 linked to relative experience, The less WHAT’S YOUR TOTEM? experienced archivists were more likely ARCHIVAL IMAGES IN THE PUBLIC to favor a linear view while veterans MIND, David B. Gracy, II, 10:17. favored a more complex form of repre- Achieving a positive change in the sentation. The process of conceptual- public’s knowledge, appreciation, un- izing and creating a visual model, and derstanding, and support of archival the resultant models themselves, pro- contributions to society is fundamen- vide useful tools which can help archi- tal to our ability to continue to provide vists, and particularly archival students, such service. (Article excerpt.) understand more quickly the pattern of daily work activity. The results of this exercise illustrate the need for greater visual literacy in the archival profession. 42 ARCHIVAL ISSUES INDEX

123 124 WOMEN ARCHIVISTS IN THE WOMEN COACHES, PERSONAL FEDERAL GOVERNMENT: A PAPERS, AND UNIVERSITY GLASS CEILING?, Linda J. Henry, ARCHIVES COLLECTIONS: A CASE 19:95. STUDY, Mila C. Su, 20:155. The status of female federal archivists Collegiate athletics are an important in 1992 shows considerable improve- campus institution that tends not to be ment over their status in 1974. Never- adequately documented in university theless, their numbers and representa- archival collections. This is especially tion in the mid- and upper-level posi- true with regard to women’s athletics. tions remain lower than that of male The author presents the results of a case federal archivists. The lower numbers study in which she examined the per- furthermore constitute a pipeline prob- sonal papers of four coaches of lem: fewer women than men are in women’s intercollegiate athletic teams position for promotion to the highest held in the Penn State Archives, in or- levels. This study finds that years of der to assess their utility in document- government service and education, two ing women’s intercollegiate athletics. of the most important factors in career She concludes that existing collections advancement, account for only a small do not provide adequate documenta- portion of the disparity between men tion, although she considers coaches’ and women archivists. Any glass ceil- papers to be an appropriate vehicle for ing that exists, therefore, must depend providing that documentation. She sug- on other factors. gests appraisal guidelines for materials likely to be found in coaches’ papers, and argues for oral history as a means toward filling documentary gaps. REVIEWS 43

REVIEWS

1 6 An Action Agenda for the Archival The Archival Enterprise: Modern Profession: Institutionalizing the Archival Principles, Practices, and Planning Process. A Report to SAA Management Techniques. Bruce W. Council by the Committee on Goals Dearstyne. Chicago and London: and Priorities. Chicago: Society of American Library Association, 1993. American Archivists, 1988. Reviewed by Roland M. Baumann, Reviewed by Eric Pumroy, 14:53. 20:97.

2 7 Advocating Archives: An Introduction Archival Gold: Managing and to Public Relations for Archivists. Preserving Publishers’ Records. Edited by Elsie Freeman Finch. Laura M. Coles. Vancouver, British Chicago: Society of American Columbia: Canadian Centre for Archivists, 1994. Reviewed by Studies in Publishing, 1989. Cheri Thies, 20:89. Reviewed by Todd Daniels-Howell, 15:52. 3 American Archival Analysis: The 8 Recent Development of the Archival The Archival Imagination: Essays in Profession in the United States. Honour of Hugh A. Taylor. Edited by Richard J. Cox. Metuchen, New Barbara Craig. Ottawa, Ontario: Jersey: Scarecrow Press, 1990. Association of Canadian Archivists, Reviewed by Robert G. Sherer, 1992. Reviewed by Randy Roberts, 18:149. 18:68.

4 9 Appraising the Records of Modern The Archival Trail: An Introduction to Science and Technology: A Guide. the Role Archives Play in Business Joan K. Haas, Helen Willa Samuels, and Community [videorecording]. and Barbara Trippel Simmons. Produced by Queen’s Film Studies Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute Department. Toronto: Ontario of Technology, 1985. Reviewed by Council of Archives, 1991. Bruce H. Bruemmer, 11:145. Reviewed by Paul A. Ericksen, 16:125. 5 Archival Choices: Managing the 10 Historical Record in an Age of The Archives: A Guide to the National Abundance. Edited by Nancy E. Archives Field Branches. Loretto D. Peace. Lexington, Massachusetts: Szucs and Sandra H. Luebking. Salt Lexington Books, 1984. Reviewed Lake City: Ancestry, Inc., 1988. by Nicholas C. Burckel, 10:66. Reviewed by Shirley J. Burton, 15:51. 44 ARCHIVAL ISSUES INDEX

11 16 Archives & Manuscripts: Archives & Museum Data Models & Administration of Photographic Dictionaries. David Bearman. Collections. Mary Lynn Ritzenthaler, Pittsburgh: Archives and Museum Gerald J. Munoff, and Margery S. Informatics, 1990. Reviewed by Long. Chicago: Society of Anne J. Gilliland-Swetland, 16:127. American Archivists, 1984. Reviewed by Diane Vogt O’Connor, 17 10:78. Archives and Library Administration: Divergent Traditions and Common 12 Concerns. Edited by Lawrence J. Archives & Manuscripts: Conservation. McCrank. New York: Haworth A Manual on Physical Care and Press, 1987. Reviewed by H. Management. Mary Lynn Thomas Hickerson, 12:116. Ritzenthaler. Chicago: Society of American Archivists, 1983. 18 Reviewed by Toby Murray, 10:77. Archives and Manuscript Control Format. OCLC Online Systems 13 series. Dublin, Ohio: OCLC, 1984. Archives & Manuscripts: Law. Gary M. Reviewed by Marjorie J. Haberman, Peterson and Trudy Huskamp 10:73. Peterson. Chicago: Society of American Archivists, 1985. 19 Reviewed by George W. Bain, Archives and Manuscripts 12:111. Administration: A Basic Annotated Bibliography. Compiled by Richard 14 J. Cox. Nashville: American Archives & Manuscripts: Public Programs. Ann E. Pederson and Gail Farr Casterline. Chicago: Society of American Archivists, 1982. Reviewed by Patricia Scollard Painter, 9:108.

15 Archives & Manuscripts: Reprography. Carolyn Hoover Sung. Chicago: Society of American Archivists, 1982. Reviewed by Karyl Winn, 9:110. REVIEWS 45

22 27 Archives Assessment and Planning Are We Losing Our Past?: Records Workbook. Edited by Paul H. Preservation in the North Carolina McCarthy. Chicago: Society of State Archives. David J. Olson. American Archivists, 1989. Raleigh, North Carolina: The Reviewed by William J. Maher, Friends of the Archives, 1989. 15:53. Reviewed by Michael E. Stevens, 15:56. 23 Archives Interdites: Les Peurs 28 Françaises face à l’Histoire Arranging and Describing Archives and Contemporaine. Sonia Combe. Paris: Manuscripts. Fredric M. Miller. Albin Michel, 1994. Reviewed by Chicago: Society of American Yves Kinossian, 20:167. Archivists, 1990. Reviewed by Menzi L. Behrnd-Klodt, 16:59. 24 Archives of Data-Processing History: A 29 Guide to Major U.S. Collections. Audio Preservation: A Planning Study. Edited by James W. Cortada. Compiled by the Association Audio Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Archives Committee, Association for Press, 1990. Reviewed by Kevin D. Sound Recorded Collections. Final Corbitt, 17:75. Performance Report, NEH Grant PS- 20021-86. 1988. Reviewed by 25 Christopher Ann Paton. 14:97. Archives, Personal Papers, and Manuscripts: A Cataloging Manual 30 for Archival Repositories, Historical Automation for Archivists and Records Societies, and Manuscript Libraries. Managers: Planning and Compiled by Steven C. Hensen. Implementation Strategies. Richard Washington, D.C.: Library of M. Kesner. Chicago: American Congress, 1983. Reviewed by Library Association, 1984. Sharron G. Uhler, 10:151. Reviewed by H. Thomas Hickerson, 10:145. 26 Archives, Personal Papers, and 31 Manuscripts: A Cataloging Manual Basic Archival Workshops: A Handbook for Archival Repositories, Historical for the Workshop Organizer. Thomas Societies, and Manuscript Libraries. C. Pardo. Chicago: Society of Compiled by Steven C. Hensen. American Archivists, 1982. Chicago: Society of American Reviewed by Nancy Lankford, 9:50. Archivists, 1989. Reviewed by Mark A. Vargas, 15:58. 46 ARCHIVAL ISSUES INDEX

32 37 Basic Standards for Diocesan Archives: Chicago City Council Proceedings A Guide for Bishops, Chancellors, Files, 1833-1871: An Index. Edited and Archivists. James M. O’Toole. by Robert E. Bailey, and Elaine Chicago: Association of Catholic Shemoney Evans. Springfield: Diocesan Archivists, 1991. Illinois State Archives, 1987. Reviewed by Bill Summers, 17:162. Reviewed by William Cunningham, 15:119. 33 Between the Landscape and Its Other. 38 Paul Vanderbilt. Baltimore and Chicago City Council Proceedings London: The John Hopkins Files, 1833-1871: An Inventory. University Press, 1993. Reviewed by Edited by Robert E. Bailey, Elaine Anne Frantilla, 19:71. Shemoney Evans, and Ruth Hutchcraft. Springfield: Illinois 34 State Archives, 1987. Reviewed by The Black Women in the Middle West William Cunningham, 15:119. Project: A Comprehensive Resource Guide, Illinois and Indiana. Darlene 39 Clark Hine, Patrick Kay Bidelman, Civil War Records in the New York State et al. Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue Archives. New York State Archives. Research Foundation, University Albany: Office of Cultural 1986. Reviewed by Anne R. Kenney, Education, 1985. Reviewed by 12:50. Robert E. Bailey, 11:141.

35 40 Canadian Archival Studies and the Company Archives: The Survey of the Rediscovery of Provenance. Edited Records of 1000 of the First by Tom Nesmith. Metuchen, N.J.: Registered Companies in England Scarecrow Press, 1993. Reviewed by and Wales. Lesley Richmond and Timothy L. Ericson, 20:82. Bridget Stockford. Brookfield, Vermont: Gower Publishing 36 Company, 1986. Reviewed by Anne The Care of Antiques and Historical Van Camp, 12:53. Collections. 2nd rev. ed. A. Bruce MacLeish. Nashville: American 41 Association for State and Local Conflict and Change in Library History, 1985. Reviewed by Kenneth Organizations: People, Power and W. Duckett, 11:147. Service. Ken Jones. London: Clive Bingley Limited, 1984. Reviewed by Anne P. Diffendal, 10:138. REVIEWS 47

42 47 Conversion of Microfilm to Digital DB Master 4 Plus [computer program]. Imagery: A Demonstration Project. San Rafael, California: Stoneware, Paul Conway. New Haven, Inc., 1984. Reviewed by Norma Connecticut: Yale University Press, Myers Thomas, 11:81. 1996. Reviewed by Bill Landis, 21:178. 48 dBase III [computer program]. Culver 43 City, California: Ashton-Tate, 1984. Corporate Archives and History: Reviewed by David Boutros, 11:70. Making the Past Work. Edited by Arnita A. Jones, and Philip L. 49 Cantelon. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Debates and Disclosures: Selected Publishing Company, 1993. Australian Writings on Archival Reviewed by Liz Holum Johnson, Theory, 1951-1990. Edited by Peter 19:144. Biskup, Kathryn Dan, Colleen McEwen, Greg O’Shea, and Graeme 44 Powell. Canberra: Australian A Culture at Risk: Who Cares for Society of Archivists, 1995. America’s Heritage?. Charles Reviewed by Valerie S. Komor, Phillips and Patricia Hogan. 21:176. Nashville: American Association for State and Local History, 1984. 50 Reviewed by Barbara J. Howe, Describing Archival Materials: The Use 10:146. of the MARC-AMC Format. Edited by Richard P. Smiraglia. New York 45 and London: Haworth Press, 1990. DataEase [computer program]. Milford, Reviewed by Karen J. Baumann, Connecticut: Software Solutions, 19:67. 1984. Reviewed by Linda J. Long, 11:73. 51 Designing Archival Programs to 46 Advance Knowledge in the Health Day to Day: A Guide to the Records of Fields. Edited by Nancy McCall and the Historic Day Mines Group in the Lisa A. Mix. Baltimore: John University of Idaho Library. Edited Hopkins University, 1995. Reviewed by Terry Abraham, and Richard C. by Lisa Gibbon, 20:174. Davis. Moscow, Idaho: University of Idaho Library, 1992. Reviewed by Ann J. Edelen, 18:64. 48 ARCHIVAL ISSUES INDEX

52 57 Developing a Premier National Directory of Archives in Milwaukee, Institution: A Report from the User Ozaukee, Sheboygan, Washington Community to the National Archives. and Waukesha Counties—State of Page Putnam Miller. Washington, Wisconsin. Compiled by the D.C.: National Coordinating Archives Group of the Library Committee for the Promotion of Council of Metropolitan Milwaukee. History, 1989. Reviewed by Nancy Milwaukee: Library Council of Bartlett, 15:117. Metropolitan Milwaukee, 1985. Reviewed by Glen Gildemeister, 53 11:148. Diary of a Dream: A History of the National Archives Independence 58 Movement. Robert M. Warner. Documentation Planning for the U.S. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, Health Care System. Joan D. 1995. Reviewed by Miriam Kahn, Krizack. Baltimore: John Hopkins 20:86. University Press, 1994. Reviewed by Brian A. Williams, 19:76. 54 Directory of Business Archives in the 59 United States and Canada. Revision Documenting Diversity: A Report on of 4th ed. Compiled by the Business the Conference on Documenting the Archives Section of the Society of Immigrant Experience in the United American Archivists. Chicago: States of America. Prepared by the Society of American Archivists, Conference on Documenting the 1990. Reviewed by Valerie A. Immigrant Experience Planning Metzler, 15:123. Committee. St. Paul: Immigration History Research Center, University 55 of Minnesota, 1991. Reviewed by Directory of Archives and Manuscripts Mark L. Shelstad, 17:80. Collections in the St. Louis Area. Association of St. Louis Area 60 Archivists. St. Louis: Association of Early Chicago, 1833-1871: A Selection St. Louis Area Archivists, 1985. of City Council Proceedings Files. Reviewed by Glen Gildemeister, Robert E. Bailey and Elaine 11:148. Shemoney Evans. Springfield: Illinois State Archives, 1986. 56 Reviewed by Pamela J. Bennett, Directory of Archives and Manuscripts 11:144. Repositories in the United States. 2nd ed. National Historical Publications and Records Commission. New York: Oryx Press, 1988. Reviewed by Bruce H. Bruemmer, 14:93. REVIEWS 49

61 65 Electronic Evidence: Strategies for Evaluation of Archival Institutions: Managing Records in Contemporary Service, Principles, and Guide to Organizations. Edited by David Self Study. Report of the Task Force Bearman and Victoria Irons Walch. on Institutional Evaluation. Chicago: Pittsburgh: Archives and Museum Society of American Archivists, Informatics, 1994. Reviewed by Tom 1983. Reviewed by Frederick L. LaPorte, 20:169. Honhart, 9:47.

62 66 Electronic Records Issues: A Report to An Eye for an Eye: The Untold Story of the Commission. Lisa B. Weber. Jewish Revenge Against the National Historical Publications and Germans in 1945. John Sack. New Records Commission, Reports and York: Harper Collins, 1993. Papers no. 4. Washington, D.C.: Reviewed by Kristine L. Krueger, National Historical Publications and 21:82. Records Commission, 1990. Reviewed by Jill M. Tatem, 17:157. 67 Filming Florida: Images of the 63 Sunshine State. Tallahassee: Florida Ethnic Genealogy: A Research Guide. Department of State. Division of Edited by Jessie Carney Smith. Library and Information Services, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Bureau of Archives and Records Press, 1983. Reviewed by Patricia L. Management. 1990. Reviewed by Adams, 10:63. Myrna Williamson, 16:66.

64 68 An Evaluation of “Appraising the The First Generation of Electronic Records of Modern Science and Records Archivists in the United Technology: A Guide” as an Aid to States: A Study in Archivists of Social Science: A Professionalization. Richard J. Cox. Report to the National Historical New York: Haworth Press, 1994. Publications and Records Reviewed by Marion Matters, 20:87. Commission. Gary D. Saretzky. Princeton: Educational Testing 69 Service, 1986. Reviewed by Gerald From the Ashes, 1872-1900: A G. Newborg, 11:152. Selection of Documents from the Proceedings Files of the Chicago City Council. Springfield: Illinois State Archives, 1990. Reviewed by Linda Henry, 15:121. 50 ARCHIVAL ISSUES INDEX

70 75 Functional Requirements for Guide and Resources for Archival Membership, Development & Strategic Preservation Planning. Participation Systems. David National Association of Government Bearman. Archives and Museum Archives and Records Informatics Technical Report No. 11. Administrators. Prepared by Bonnie Pittsburgh: Archives and Museum Rose Curtin. Atlanta: NAGARA, Informatics, 1990. Reviewed by 1990. Reviewed by James M. Judith E. Endelmann, 17:77. O’Toole, 16:128.

71 76 Funding for Museums, Archives and Guide to American Indian Resource Special Collections. Edited by Materials in Great Plains Denise Wallen and Karen Cantrell. Repositories. , Compiled by Joseph Phoenix: Oryx Press, 1988. G. Svoboda. Lincoln: University of Reviewed by Sharron G. Uhler, Nebraska-Lincoln, 1983. Reviewed 14:54. by Anthony R. Crawford, 10:69.

72 77 A Future for the Past: An Assessment of Guide to Architectural Records in the Missouri’s Historic Records Oberlin College Archives. Roland Programs by the State Historic M. Baumann, Jessica G. Broadwell, Records Advisory Board. Jefferson and Michael Morgenstern. Edited by City, Missouri: Available from the Roland M. Baumann. Oberlin, Ohio: Missouri Records Management and Oberlin College Archives, 1996. Archives Service. 1988. Reviewed Reviewed by Tawny Nelb, 21:180. by Alden Monroe, 15:124. 78 73 Guide to Catholic Indian Mission and A Glossary for Archivists, Manuscript School Records in Midwest Curators, and Records Managers. Repositories. Philip C. Bantin with Compiled by Lewis J. Bellardo and Mark G. Thiel. Milwaukee: Lynn Lady Bellardo. Chicago: Marquette University, 1984. Society of American Archivists, Reviewed by Crawford, Anthony R. 1990. Reviewed by Tyler O. Walters, 10:69. 17:81. 79 74 A Guide to Civil War Maps in the Guardian of Heritage: Essays on the National Archives. 2nd ed. Edited by History of the National Archives. Shelby G. Bale and Constance Edited by Timothy Walch. Potter. Washington, D.C.: National Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Archives Trust Fund Board, 1986. Administration, 1986. Reviewed by Reviewed by J. Frank Cook, 11:87. James M. McPherson, 13:89. REVIEWS 51

80 85 Guide to German Historical Sources in Guide to Research Collections of North American Libraries and Former United States Senators, Archives. Anne Hope and Jorg 1789-1982. Edited by Kathryn Nagler. Washington, D.C.: German Allamong Jacob. Washington, D.C.: Historical Institute, 1991. Reviewed Historical Office of the United States by Christel Maass, 17:161. Senate, 1983 97th Congress, 2nd Session, Senate Document 97-41. 81 Reviewed by David A. Horrocks, A Guide to Gertrude Hildreth Papers 9:49. and Test Collection. Gary D. Saretzky and Jane E. Davis. 86 Princeton: Educational Testing A Guide to Special Collections in Service, 1986. Reviewed by Gerald Kansas. Gene DeGruson, et al. G. Newborg, 11:152. Topeka, Kansas: Kansas Library Network, 1986. Reviewed by 82 Gordon O. Hendrickson, 13:87. The Guide to Kentucky Archival and Manuscript Repositories. Kentucky 87 Department for Libraries and A Guide to the Archives of the City of Archives. Public Records Division. Seattle. Edited by Scott Cline. Frankfort, Kentucky: Public Seattle, Washington: Office of the Records Division, 1986. Reviewed Comptroller, 1988. Reviewed by Sue by Thomas A. Smith, 12:124. Ginter, 16:131.

83 88 Guide to Photographic Collections at Guide to the Archival Collections in the the Smithsonian Institution, Volume Neils Bohr Library at the American III. Diane Vogt O’Connor. Institute of Physics. College Park, Washington, D.C. and London: Maryland: American Institute of Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. Physics, 1994. Reviewed by Mark Reviewed by John E. Carter, 18:145. Vargas, 20:172.

84 89 Guide to Primary Sources in Ohio Labor Guide to the Microfilm Edition of the History. Compiled by Roger A. Jane Addams Papers. Edited by Meade and Marjorie J. Myers. Mary Lynn McCree Bryan. Ann Columbus: Ohio Historical Society, Arbor, Michigan: University 1980. Reviewed by Philip James Microfilms International, 1985. Kwik, 9:105. Reviewed by Mary Ann Bamberger, 12:43. 52 ARCHIVAL ISSUES INDEX

90 95 Guide to the Midwest China Oral A Guide to Women’s History Resources History Collection. Compiled by at the American Heritage Center. Kurt Johnson. St. Paul, Minnesota: Compiled by Jennifer King and The Midwest China Center, 1983. Mark L. Shelstad. Laramie, Reviewed by H. Douglas Wright, Wyoming: American Heritage 9:56. Center, University of Wyoming, 1994. Reviewed by Karen M. 91 Mason, 19:146. Guide to the Modern Literary Manuscript Collection in the Special 96 Collections of the Washington Guide to the University of Illinois University Libraries. St. Louis, Archives. Maynard Brichford and Missouri: Washington University William J. Maher. Urbana: Libraries, 1985. Reviewed by University of Illinois Library and Gordon O. Hendrickson, 12:47. University Archives, 1986. Reviewed by William K. Beatty, 92 12:112. A Guide to the Oral History Collection of the Charles Babbage Institute. 97 William Aspray and Bruce Guide to the Women’s History Sources in Bruemmer, with the assistance of the Oberlin College Archives. Hassan Melehy and Thomas Traub. Compiled by Pamela Kirwin Adams, Minneapolis: Charles Babbage Alexandra Weil, and Roland M. Institute, Center for the History of Baumann. Edited by Roland M. Information Processing, University Baumann. Oberlin, Ohio: Gertrude of Minnesota, 1986. Reviewed by F. Jacob Archival Publications Fund, James E. Fogerty, 12:44 Oberlin College, 1990. Reviewed by Susan A. Stepka, 17:156. 93 Guide to the Records of American 98 Crystal Sugar Company. David Guides to Archives and Manuscript Carmichael, Lydia Lucas and Marion Collections in the United States: An E. Matters. St. Paul: Minnesota Annotated Bibliography. Compiled Historical Society Press, 1985. by Donald L. DeWitt. Westport, Reviewed by Charles R. Schultz, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 12:52. 1994. Reviewed by Mark L. Shelstad, 19:149. 94 A Guide to the Records of Minnesota’s 99 Public Lands. Gregory Kinney and The Gutenberg Elegies: The Fate of Lydia Lucas. St. Paul: Minnesota Reading in an Electronic Age. Sven Historical Society Press, 1985. Bikerts. New York: Fawcett Reviewed by WIlliam G. Myers, Columbine Books, 1994. Reviewed 12:51. by Timothy L. Ericson, 21:73. REVIEWS 53

100 104 A Heritage at Risk: The Proceedings of Information Design: The Design and the Evangelical Archives Conference Evaluation of Signs and Printed July 13-15, 1988. Evangelical Material. Edited by Ronald Easterby Archives Conference. Wheaton, and Harm Zwaga. Chichester, U.K.: Illinois: Billy Graham Center, John Wiley and Sons, 1984. Wheaton College, 1988. Reviewed Reviewed by Paul Conway, 10:137. by Sara Shutkin, 15:54. 105 101 Information Management: Machine- Heritage Preservation: A Resource Readable Records and Book for Congregations. David A. Administration: An Annotated Haury. Newton, Kansas: Historical Bibliography. Compiled and edited Committee, General Conference by Richard M. Kesner. Chicago: Mennonite Church, and Fresno, Society of American Archivists, California: Historical Commission 1983. Reviewed by Marion E. of the General Conference of Matters, 10:76. Mennonite Bretheran Churches, 1993. Reviewed by Thelma Boeder, 106 19:68. Information Resources for Archivists and Records Administrators: A 102 Report and Recommendations. The High Technology Company: A Victoria Irons Walch. Albany, New Historical Research and Archival York: National Association of Guide. Bruce H. Bruemmer and Government Archives and Records Sheldon Hochheiser. Minneapolis: Administrators, 1987. Reviewed by Charles Babbage Institute, David Klaassen, 12:118. University of Minnesota, 1989. Reviewed by Edward Rider, 14:98. 107 Inside Hanoi’s Secret Archives: Solving 103 the MIA Mystery. Malcolm Historical Consciousness in the Early McConnel and Ted Schweitzer. New Republic: The Origins of State York: Simon & Schuster, 1995. Historical Societies, Museums, and Reviewed by Jeremy Green, 21:75. Collections, 1791-1861. Edited by H. G. Jones. Chapel Hill: North 108 Carolina Society, Inc. and North Keepers of our Past: Local Historical Carolina Collections, 1995. Writing in the United States, 1820s- Reviewed by Luke Gilliland- 1930s. David J. Russo. Westport, Swetland, 21:184. Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1988. Reviewed by Roland M. Baumann, 14:49. 54 ARCHIVAL ISSUES INDEX

109 113 Keeping Your Past: A Basic Guide to The Life of a Document: A Global the Care and Preservation of Approach to Archives and Records Personal Papers. Kansas City Area Management. Carol Couture and Archivists. [Kansas City, Missouri: Jean-Yves Rousseau. Translated by Kansas City Area Archivists], 1987. David Hornel. Montreal, Canada: Reviewed by Michael E. Stevens, Vehicule Press, 1987. Reviewed by 15:56. Anne P. Diffendal, 12:113.

110 114 Kentucky Archival and Manuscript List of Pre-1847 Court Records in the Collections: Volume One. Kentucky State Archives. New York State Department for Libraries and Archives. Albany: Office of Cultural Archives. Frankfort: Kentucky Education, 1984. Reviewed by Department for Libraries and Robert E. Bailey, 11:141. Archives, 1989. Reviewed by Christopher Waldrep, 14:55. 115 Local History, National Heritage: 111 Reflections on the History of the The Khlebnikov Archive: Unpublished AASLH. Nashville: American Journal (1800-1837) and Travel Association for State and Local Notes (1820, 1822, and 1824). History, 1991. Reviewed by Gregory Leonid Shur. Translated by John Kinney, 17:159. Bisk. The Rasmussen Library Historical Translation Series, vol. 5. 116 [S.l.]: University of Alaska Press, A MAD User Guide. Michael Cook and 1990. Reviewed by Larry Lynch, Margaret Proctor. Aldershot, 17:78. England and Brookfield, Vermont: Gower Publishing Company, 1989. 112 Reviewed by Susan E. Davis, 16:63. Libraries and Archives: Design and Renovation with a Preservation 117 Perspective. Susan Garretson The Management of College and Swartzburg, Holly Bussey, and University Archives. William J. Frank Garretson. Metuchen, New Maher. Metuchen, New Jersey: Jersey: Scarecrow Press, 1991. Scarecrow Press, 1992. Reviewed by Reviewed by Gregor Trinkaus- Raimund E. Goerler, 18:66. Randall, 18:151. 118 Managing Archival and Manuscript Repositories. Thomas Wilsted and William Nolte. Chicago: Society of American Archivists, 1991. Reviewed by Richard J. Cox, 16:123. REVIEWS 55

119 124 Managing Archives and Archival A Manual of Sound Archive Institutions. Edited by James Administration. Alan Ward. Gregory Bradsher. Chicago: Aldershot, England and Brookfield, University of Chicago Press, 1989. Vermont: Gower Publishing Reviewed by Sue E. Holbert, 14:50. Company, 1990. Reviewed by Christopher Ann Paton, 17:154. 120 Managing Business Archives. Edited by 125 Colleen Pritchard. Canberra: MARC for Archives and Manuscripts: A Australian Society of Archivists, Compendium of Practice. Max J. 1987. Reviewed by Jean Toll, Evans, and Lisa B. Weber. Madison: 14:100. State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1985. Reviewed by 121 Patricia Cloud, 11:85. Managing Institutional Archives: Foundational Principles and 126 Practices. Richard J, Cox. Westport, MARC for Archives and Manuscripts: Connecticut: Greenwood Press, The AMC Format. Nancy Sahli. 1992. Reviewed by Thomas Wilsted, Chicago: Society of American 19:73. Archivists, 1985. Reviewed by Elaine D. Engst, 11:88. 122 A Manual for Small Archives. 127 Association of British Columbia MARCON II [computer program]. Archivists. Small Archives Baltimore, Maryland: AIRS, Inc., Committee. Burnaby: Association 1984. Reviewed by Lorraine S. of British Columbia Archivists, Perry, 11:78. 1988. Reviewed by Mark A. Greene, 14:96. 128 May It Please the Court: The Most 123 Significant Oral Arguments Made Manual of Archival Description. 2nd ed. Before the Supreme Court Since Michael Cook and Margaret Proctor. 1955. Peter Irons and Stephanie Aldershot, England and Brookfield, Guitton. New York: The New Press, Vermont: Gower Publishing 1995. Reviewed by Jim Peterson, Company, 1989. Reviewed by Susan 21:84. E. Davis, 16:63. 56 ARCHIVAL ISSUES INDEX

129 134 A Modern Archives Reader: Basic Newspapers in the Library: New Readings on Archival Theory and Approaches to Management and Practice. Edited by Maygene F. Reference Work. Lois Upham. New Daniels and Timothy Walch. York: Haworth Press, 1988. Washington, D.C.: National Reviewed by Raimund E. Goerler, Archives Trust Fund Board, 1984. 13:86. Reviewed by Maynard Brichford, 10:136. 135 Non-Standard Collection Management. 130 Edited by Michael Pearce. Museum Archives: An Introduction. Aldershot, England and Brookfield, William A. Deiss. Chicago: Society Vermont: Ashgate Publishing of American Archivists, 1984. Company, 1992. Reviewed by Reviewed by Doris E. C. Marilyn I. Levinson, 18:148. Hambacher, 9:103. 136 131 Oral History Cataloging Manual. Museum Public Relations. G. Donald Compiled by Marion Matters. Adams. Nashville: American Chicago: Society of American Association for State and Local Archivists, 1995. Reviewed by Craig History, 1983. Reviewed by Timothy Wright, 20:173. L. Ericson, 10:139. 137 132 Oral History: An Interdisciplinary Museums for a New Century: A Report Anthology. David K. Dunaway and of the Commission on Museums for a Willa K. Baum. Nashville: New Century. Washington, D.C.: American Association for State and American Association of Museums, Local History, 1984. Reviewed by 1984. Reviewed by Larry J. James E. Fogerty, 10:71. Hackman, 10:143. 138 133 Ordinary People and Everyday Life: Native American Archives: An Perspectives on the New Social Introduction. John A. Fleckner. History. Edited by James B. Gardner Chicago: Society of American and George Rollie Adams. Archivists, 1984. Reviewed by Nashville: American Association for Philip C. Bantin, 10:135. State and Local History, 1983. Reviewed by Katharine T. Corbett, 10:67. REVIEWS 57

139 143 An Ounce of Prevention: A Handbook Partners in Research: Improving Access on Disaster Contingency Planning to the Nation’s Archives. Conway, for Information Managers in Paul Pittsburgh: Archives and Archives, Libraries, and Record Museum Informatics, 1994. Centres. John P. Barton. Edited by Reviewed by Kevin D. Corbitt, Johanna G. Wellheiser. Toronto: 20:80. Toronto Area Archivists Group Education Foundation, 1985. 144 Reviewed by Lynn Wolf Gentzler, PC-File III [computer program]. 12:115. Bellvue, Washington: ButtonWare, 1984. Reviewed by Hampton Smith, 140 11:79. Our Family, Our Town: Essays on Family and Local History Sources in 145 the National Archives. Compiled by PFS/File, PFS/Report [computer Timothy Walch. Washington, D.C.: program]. Mountain View, National Archives and Records California: Software Publishing Administration, 1987. Reviewed by Corporation, 1982. Reviewed by George W. Bain, 13:39. Linda S. Kline, 11:71.

141 146 Our Past Before Us: A Five-Year Planning for the Archival Profession: A Regional Plan for METRO’s Report of the SAA Task Force on Archives and Historical Records Goals and Priorities. Society of Program, July 1, 1989-June 30, American Archivists. Task Force on 1994. METRO Miscellaneous Goals and Priorities Chicago: Publication No. 41. New York: Society of American Archivists, METRO, 1989. Reviewed by James 1986. Reviewed by James A. Gregory Bradsher, 16:60. Nelson, 11:151.

142 147 Partners in Research: Improving Access Popular Culture and Libraries. Edited to the Nation’s Archives, User by Frank W. Hoffman. Hamden, Studies at the National Archives and Connecticut: The Shoe String Press, Records Administration. Paul 1985. Reviewed by Kenn Thomas, Conway. Pittsburgh: Archives and 10:150. Museum Informatics, 1994. Reviewed by Susan Tejada, 20:170. 58 ARCHIVAL ISSUES INDEX

148 153 A Practical Introduction to Preserving Archives and Manuscripts. Videohistory: The Smithsonian Mary Lynn Ritzenthaler. Chicago: Institution and Alfred P. Sloan Society of American Archivists, Foundation Experiment. Edited by 1993. Reviewed by Beth L. Patkus, Terri A. Schorzman. Malabar, 19:148. Florida: Krieger Publishing Company, 1993. Reviewed by James 154 E. Fogerty, 20:83. Pro-Cite 2.0 [computer program]. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Personal 149 Bibliographic Software, Inc., [n.d.]. Preservation and Conservation of Sci- Reviewed by Alice M. Cornell and Tech Materials. Edited by Ellis Mark Palkovic, 17:157. Mount. New York: Haworth Press, 1987. Reviewed by George Hing Ng, 155 13:44. Protecting Your Collections: A Manual of Archival Security. Gregor 150 Trinkaus-Randall. Chicago: Society Preservation Needs in State Archives. of American Archivists, 1995. National Association of Government Reviewed by Laura Graedel, 20:176. Archives and Records Administrators. Albany, New York: 156 National Association of Government Public Accountability and our Archives and Records Documentary Heritage: The Administrators, 1986. Reviewed by Indiana Access to Public Records Duane P. Swanson, 11:154. Law. J. Thomas Brown. Indianapolis: Society of Indiana 151 Archivists, 1988. Reviewed by Preservation of Historical Records. Louise Martin, 14:51. Committee on Preservation of Historical Records, National 157 Research Council. Washington, Recognizing Leadership and D.C.: National Academy Press, Partnership: A Report on the 1986. Reviewed by Judith Fortson- Condition of Historical Records in Jones, 12:1,46. the States and Efforts to Ensure Their Preservation and Use. Victoria 152 Irons Walch. Des Moines: Council Preservation Papers of the 1991 SAA of State Historical Records Annual Conference. Compiled by Coordinators, 1993. Reviewed by Karen Garlick. Chicago: Society of William J. Maher, 19:74. American Archivists, 1992. Reviewed by Elisabeth Wittman, 18:152. REVIEWS 59

158 163 Records Management for Parishes and Report by the Committee on the Records Schools. Compiled by David P. Gray. of Government. Washington, D.C.: Detroit: Association of Catholic Sponsored through private funding Diocesan Archivists, 1986. by the American Council of Learned Reviewed by Jerry Hiland, 11:149. Societies, the Social Science Research Council, and the Council 159 on Library Resources. 1985. Records Management Handbook for Reviewed by Roland M. Baumann, United States Senate Committees. 11:83. Karen Dawley Paul. Washington, D.C.: Senate Historical Office, 164 1988. Reviewed by Kim Efird, Research Guide to the Turner Movement 13:85. in the United States. Compiled by Eric Pumroy and Katja 160 Rampelmann. Westport, Records Management Handbook for Connecticut: Greenwood Press, United States Senators and Their 1996. Reviewed by Matthew T. Archival Repositories. Karen Dawley Schaefer, 21:182. Paul. Washington, D.C.: Secretary of the Senate, 1992. Reviewed by 165 Todd J. Daniels-Howell, 19:70. Researching Modern Evangelicalism: A Guide to the Holdings of the Billy 161 Graham Center, With Information on Records Management Handbook for Other Collections. Compiled by United States Senators and Their Robert D. Shuster, James Repositories. Karen Dawley Paul, Stambaugh, and Ferne Weimer. under the direction of Jo-Anne L. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Coe. Washington, D.C.: United Press, 1990. Reviewed by Charles R. States Historical Office, 1985. Elston, 17:152. Reviewed by Sandra Shaffer VanDoren, 11:155. 166 Resources for the History of Computing: 162 A Guide to U.S. and Canadian Reference Services in Archives. Edited Records. Edited by Bruce H. by Lucille Whalen. New York: Bruemmer. Minneapolis: Charles Haworth Press, 1986. Reviewed by Babbage Institute, 1987. Reviewed Ruth Ellen Bauer, 11:142. by Ira R. Berlin, 13:40.

167 RLG Digital Image Access Project. Edited by Patricia A. McClung. Mountain View, California: The Research Libraries Group, 1995. Reviewed by Greg Kinney, 21:174. 60 ARCHIVAL ISSUES INDEX

168 174 The Role of Archives and Records Selected Records in the New York State Management in National Archives Relating to Women: Information Systems: A RAMP Descriptive List. New York State Study. Rev. ed. James B. Rhoads. Archives. Albany: Office of Cultural Paris: UNESCO, 1989. Reviewed Education, 1985. Reviewed by by Philip N. Cronenwett, 16:62. Robert E. Bailey, 11:141.

169 175 The Russian Century: A Photographic Selected Records Relating to New York History of Russia’s 100 Years. Brian State Canals. New York State Moynahan. New York: Random Archives. Albany: Office of Cultural House, 1994. Reviewed by Rhonda Education, 1985. Reviewed by J. Huber, 21:78. Robert E. Bailey, 11:141.

170 176 Savvy PC 4.0 [computer program]. Selecting and Appraising Archives and Albuquerque, New Mexico: Manuscripts. F. Gerald Ham. Excalibur Technologies Corporation, Chicago: Society of American 1984. Reviewed by Christopher Ann Archivists, 1993. Reviewed by Mark Paton, 11:76. A. Greene, 18:146.

171 177 Savvy PC 5.1 [computer program]. Social Action Collections at the State Albuquerque, New Mexico: The Historical Society of Wisconsin: A Savvy Corporation, 1985. Reviewed Guide. Menzi L. Behrnd-Klodt and by Christopher Ann Paton, 11:76. Carolyn J. Mattern. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 172 1983. Reviewed by Patrick M. Sci-Tech Archives and Manuscript Quinn, 9:54. Collections. Edited by Ellis Mount. New York: Haworth Press, 1989. 178 Reviewed by Dennis E. Meissner, Society of American Archivists Case 15:122. Study Series. Chicago: Society of American Archivists, 1995-1996. 173 Reviewed by Frank Boles, 21:169. A Select Bibliography on Business Archives and Records Management. 179 Compiled and edited by Karen M. The Source: A Guidebook of American Benedict. Chicago: Society of Genealogy. Edited by Arlene Eakle American Archivists, 1981. and Johni Cerny. Salt Lake City: Reviewed by Thomas C. Pardo, Ancestry Publishing Company, 9:52. 1984. Reviewed by Lynn Wolf Gentzler, 10:141. REVIEWS 61

180 185 Stalin’s Letters to Molotov: 1925-1936. A Summary Guide to Local Edited by Lars T. Lih, Oleg V. Governmental Records in the Illinois Haumov, and Oleg V. Khlevniuk. Regional Archives. Edited by Robert Translated from the Russian by E. Bailey, Elaine Shemoney Evans, Catherine A. Fitzpatrick. New and Barbara Heflin. Springfield: Haven, Connecticut: Yale Illinois State Archives, Office of the University Press, 1995. Reviewed by State, 1992. Reviewed by Victor S. Thomas F. Jorsch, 21:80. Wagher, 18:70.

181 186 Standards for Archival Description: A Teaching with Documents: Using Handbook. Compiled by Victoria Primary Sources from the National Irons. Chicago: Society of American Archives. National Archives and Archivists, 1994. Reviewed by Records Administration and the Christopher Densmore, 19:143. National Council for the Social Studies. Washington, D.C.: National 182 Archives Trust Fund Board, 1989. Standing the Test of Time: Quality Reviewed by Matt Blessing, 15:118. Assurance for State and Local Government Records Microfilming. 187 Edited by Linda James and Sue E. The Diary of Jack the Ripper: The Holbert. St. Paul: Minnesota Discovery, the Investigation, the Historical Society, 1986. Reviewed Debate. Shirley Harrison. New York: by Thomas D. Norris, 12:123. Hyperion, 1993. Reviewed by Bonita J. Shucha, 21:85. 183 Starting an Archives. Elizabeth Yakel. 188 Metuchen, New Jersey: Society of 3480 Class Tape Cartridge Drives and American Archivists and Scarecrow Archival Data Storage: Technology Press, 1994. Reviewed by Sharron Assessment Report. Thomas E. Weir. G. Uhler, 19:151. National Archives Technical Information Paper No. 4. 184 Washington, D.C.: Department of Strengthening New York’s Historical Commerce, 1988. Reviewed by Records Programs: A Self-Study Frederick L. Honhart, 13:88. Guide. New York State Archives and Records Administration. [Albany]: New York State Archives and Records Administration, 1989. Reviewed by Tim Cary. 14:95. 62 ARCHIVAL ISSUES INDEX

189 193 Two Hundred Years of Catholic Record Universal Access to E-Mail: Feasibility Keeping in America: Current Issues and Societal Implications. Robert H. and Responsibilities. Edited by Anderson and Tora K. Bikson. Santa Frederic J. Stielow, John J. Treanor, Monica, California: Rand and Timothy A. Slavin. Chicago: Corporation, 1995. Reviewed by Association of Catholic Diocesan Bruce Henstell, 21:172. Archivists, 1990. Reviewed by Francis X. Blouin, 17:151. 194 University Archives in ARL Libraries. 190 Association of Research Libraries, Understanding Progress as Process: The Systems and Procedures Documentation of the History of Exchange Center, SPEC Kit 107 Post-War Science and Technology in Washington, D.C.: Association of the United States. Edited by Clark A. Research Libraries, 1984. Reviewed Elliott. Final Report of the Joint by Penelope Krosch, 10:148. Committee on Archives of Science and Technology. Chicago: Society 195 of American Archivists, 1983. Watergate: The Corruption of American Reviewed by Paul G. Anderson, Politics and the Fall of Richard 10:64 Nixon. Edited by Fred Emery. New York: Times Books, 1994. 191 Reviewed by Nicholas P. Weber, UNESCO, ICA and Archives in the 21:89. Modern World: Essays from the UNESCO Journal of Information 196 Science, Librarianship and Archives White House E-Mail: The Top Secret Administration. Edited by Alan Ives. Messages The Reagan/Bush White Wagga Wagga, Australia: Riverina- House Tried to Destroy. Edited by Murray Institute of Higher Tom Blanton. New York: New education, 1987. Reviewed by Debra Press, 1995. Reviewed by Julie Barr, 16:121. Thomas, 21:87.

192 197 The United States Expands West, 1785- Windows of the Past. Roy C. Turnbaugh 1842 [kit]. Boca Raton, Florida: with Robert E. Bailey. Springfield: National Archives and Social Issues Illinois State Archives, 1983. Resources Series, 1990. Reviewed Reviewed by Robert G. Marshall, by Lucia Dunn, 17:76. 9:106. REVIEWS 63

198 Wisconsin Task Force on Court and Local Government Records: Final Report. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1990. Reviewed by Duane P. Swanson, 16:65.

199 Without Consent: The Ethics of Disclosing Personal Information in Public Archives. Heather MacNeil. Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow Press, 1992. Reviewed by Stephen M. Charter, 18:63.

200 The WPA Guide to Minnesota. Compiled and written by the Federal Writer’s Project of the Works Progress Administration, with a new introduction by Frederick Manfred. St. Paul, Minnesota: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 1985. Reviewed by Scott Jessee, 12:48.

201 You May Plow Here: The Narrative of Sara Brooks. Edited by Thordis Simonsen. New York: Touchstone Books, 1987. Reviewed by Lynda J. DeLoach, 13:42.

202 Your Memoirs: Collecting Them for Fun and Posterity. Seymour Rothman. Jefferson, North Carolina and London: McFarland and Company, 1987. Reviewed by Barbara Floyd. 13:43. 64 ARCHIVAL ISSUES INDEX AUTHOR INDEX 65

AUTHOR INDEX A Bartlett, Nancy, review 52 Abraham, Terry, 46 Barton, John P., 139 Adams, G. Donald, 131 Bauer, Ruth Ellen, review 162 Adams, George, Rollie, 138 Baum, Willa K., 137 Adams, Pamela Kirwin, 97 Baumann, Karen J., review 50 Adams, Patricia L., 24, review 63 Baumann, Roland M., 84, 77, 97, reviews 6, 108, 163 Ambacher, Bruce, 77 Bearman, David, 16, 61, 70 Anderson, Paul G., review 190 Beatty, William K., review 96 Anderson, Robert H., 193 Behrnd-Klodt, Menzi L., 177, review 28 Archives Group of the Library Council of Metropolitan Milwaukee, 57 Bellardo, Lewis J., 73 Aspray, William, 92 Bellardo, Lynn Lady, 73 Association for Sound Recorded Benedict, Karen M., 173 Collections. Association Audio Bennett, Pamela J., review 60 Archives Committee, 29 Berlin, Ira R., review 166 Association of British Columbia Berner, Richard, 102 Archivists. Small Archives Commit- tee, 122 Bidelman, Patrick Kay, 34 Association of Research Libraries. The Bikerts, Sven, 99 Sysems and Procedures Exchange Bikson, Tora K., 193 Center, 194 Bisk, John, 111 Association of St. Louis Area Archivists, Biskup, Peter, 49 55 Blanton, Tom, 196 B Blessing, Matt, review 186 Bloom, Loralee J., review 19 Bailey, Robert E., 37, 38, 60, 185, 197, reviews 39, 114, 174, 175 Blouin, Francis X., review 189 Bain, George W., 120, reviews 13, 140 Boeder, Thelma, review 101 Bale, Shelby G., 79 Boles, Frank, 60, 68, review 178 Bamberger, Mary Ann, review 89 Boutros, David, review 48 Bantin, Philip C., 78, review 133 Boylan, James, 55 Barata, Kimberly J., 69 Bradsher, James Gregory, 52, 101, 119, review 141 Barnett, Le Roy, 106 Brichford, Maynard, 96, review 129 Barr, Debra, review 191 Barritt, Marjorie Rabe, 3, 32 Broadwell, Jessica G., 77 66 ARCHIVAL ISSUES INDEX

Brown, J. Thomas, 156 Cornell, Alice M., review 154 Bruemmer, Bruce H., 111, 92, 102, 166, Cortada, James W., 24 reviews 4, 56 Couture, Carol, 113 Bryan, Mary Lynn McCree, 89 Cox, Richard J., 15, 22, 63, 3, 19, 68, Burckel, Nicholas C., 80, review 5 121, review 118 Burton, Shirley J., 44, review 10 Craig, Barbara, 87, 8 Bussey, Holly, 112 Crawford, Anthony R., reviews 76, 78 Cronenwett, Philip N., review 168 C Crum, Laurie Brooke, 41 Cantelon, Philip L., 43 Cunningham, William, reviews 37, 38 Cantrell, Karen, 71 Curtin, Bonnie Rose, 75 Carleton, Don E., 71 Carmichael, David, 93 D Carter, John E., review 83 Dan, Kathryn, 49 Cary, Tim, review 184 Daniels, Maygene F., 129 Casterline, Gail Farr, 14 Daniels-Howell, Todd J., reviews 7, 160 Cerny, Johni, 179 Davis, Jane E., 81 Charter, Stephen M., review 199 Davis, Richard C., 46 Cline, Scott, 87 Davis, Susan E., 11, reviews 116, 123 Cloud, Patricia, 103, review 125 Dearstyne, Bruce W., 6, 21 Coe, Jo-Anne L., 161 DeGruson, Gene, 86 Coles, Laura M., 7 Deiss, William A., 130 Colman, Gould P., 45 Deken, Jean Marie, 97 Combe, Sonia, 23 DeLoach, Lynda J., review 201 Conference on Documenting the Densmore, Christopher, review 181 Immigrant Experience Planning DeWitt, Donald L., 56, 98 Committee, 59 Diamond, Sigmund, 7 Connors, Thomas, 62 Diffendal, Anne P., reviews 41, 113 Conway, Paul, 99, 42, 142, 143, review 104 Duckett, Kenneth W., review 36 Cook, J, Frank, review 74 Dunaway, David K., 137 Cook, Michael, 116, 123 Dunn, Lucia, review 192 Corbett, Bryan E., 10 Duranti, Luciana, 96 Corbett, Katharine T., review 138 Corbitt, Kevin D., reviews 24, 143 AUTHOR INDEX 67

E Garrison, Ellen, 65, 82 Eakle, Arlene, 179 Gentzler, Lynn Wolf, reviews 139, 179 East, Dennis, 64 Gibbon, Lisa, review 51 Easterby, Ronald, 104 Gildemeister, Glen A., 26, reviews 55, 57 Edelen, Ann J., review 46 Gilliland-Swetland, Anne J., 23, 40, Efird, Kim, review 159 review 16 Elliott, Clark A., 190 Gilliland-Swetland, Luke, review 103 Elston, Charles R., review 165 Ginter, Sue, review 87 Emery, Fred, 195 Goerler, Raimund E., 115, review 117, Endelmann, Judith E., review 70 134 Engst, Elaine D., 51, review 126 Goggin, Jacqueline, 59 Ericksen, Paul A., 66, review 9 Gracy, David B., 122 Ericson, Timothy L., reviews 35, 99, 131 Graedel, Laura, review 155 Evangelical Archives Conference, 100 Gray, David P., 114, 158 Evans, Elaine Shemoney, 37, 38, 60, 185 Green, Jeremy, review 107 Evans, Max J., 119, 125 Greene, Mark A., 6, 76, 109, 118, reviews 122, 176 F Greenstein, Shane, 112 Federal Writer’s Project of the Works Guitton, Stephanie, 128 Progress Administration, 200 Finch, Else Freeman, 8, 1 H Fitzpatrick, Catherine A., 180 Haas, Joan K., 4 Fleckner, John A., 17 Haberman, Marjorie J., review 18 Floyd, Barbara, 20, review 202 Hackman, Larry J., review 132 Fogerty, James E., reviews 92, 137, 148 Hage, Anne A., 75 Fortson-Jones, Judith, 33, review 151 Ham, F. Gerald, 46, 176 Frantilla, Anne, review 33 Hambacher, Doris E. C., review 130 Freeman, Elsie, 29, 105 Harrison, Shirley, 187 Haumov, Oleg V., 180 G Haury, David A., 100, 101 Gallagher, Connell B., 98 Hedstrom, Margaret L., 20 Gardner, James B., 138 Heflin, Barbara, 185 Garlick, Karen, 152 Hendrickson, Gordon O., reviews 86, 91 Garretson, Frank, 112 Henry, Linda J., 123, reviews 69 68 ARCHIVAL ISSUES INDEX

Hensen, Steven C., 25, 26 Jones, Ken, 41 Henstell, Bruce, reviews 193 Jorsch, Thomas F., review 180 Hickerson, H. Thomas, reviews 17, 30 Hiland, Jerry, reviews 158 K Hincha, Richard, 37 Kahn, Miriam, review 53 Hine, Darlene Clark, 34 Kansas City Area Archivists, 109 Hite, Richard W., 108, 113 Kaplan, Elisabeth, 74 Hochheiser, Sheldon, 102 Kenney, Anne R., review 34 Hoffman, Frank W., 147 Kentucky Department for Libraries and Archives, 82, 110 Hogan, Patricia, 44 Kesner, Richard M., 30, 105 Holbert, Sue E., 182, reviews 119 Khlevniuk, Oleg V., 180 Honhart, Frederick L., reviews 65, 188 King, Jennifer, 95 Hope, Anne, 80 Kinney, Gregory, 94, reviews 115, 167 Horn, David, 49 Kinossian, Yves, review 23 Hornel, David, 113 Klaassen, David J., 1, 12, review 106 Horrocks, David A., review 85 Kline, Linda S., review 145 Howe, Barbara J., review 44 Komor, Valerie S., 58, review 49 Huber, Rhonda J., review 169 Koplowitz, Bradford S., 104 Humeston, Helen, 19 Kovan, Allan, review 21 Hutchcraft, Ruth, 38 Krizack, Joan D., 58 I Krosch, Penelope, review 194 Irons, Peter, 128 Krueger, Kristine L., review 66 Irons, Victoria, 181 Kwik, Phillip James, review 84 Ives, Alan, 191 L J Lamoree, Karen, M., 47 Jacob, Kathryn Allamong, 85 Landis, William, 14, 95, review 42 James, Linda, 182 Lankford, Nancy, review 314 Jessee, Scott, review 200 LaPorte, Tom, review 61 Johnson, Kurt, 90 Lasewicz, Paul C., 110 Johnson, Liz Holum, review 43 Levinson, Marilyn I., review 135 Jones, Arnita A., 43 Lih, Lars T., 180 Jones, H. G., 103 AUTHOR INDEX 69

Long, Linda J., review 45 Miller, Page Putnam, 52 Long, Margery S., 11 Mix, Lisa A., 51 Lucas, Lydia, 93, 94 Monroe, Alden, review 72 Luebking, Sandra H., 10 Morgenstern, Michael, 77 Lynch, Larry, review 111 Morrissey, Charles T., 27 Motley, Archie, 86 M Mount, Ellis, 149, 172 Maass, Christel, review 80 Moynahan, Brian, 169 MacLeish, A. Bruce, 36 Munoff, Gerald J., 11 MacNeil, Heather, 199 Murray, Toby, review 12 Maher, William J., 34, 50, 116, 96, 117, Myers, Marjorie J., 84 reviews 22, 157 Myers, WIlliam G., review 94 Manfred, Frederick, 200 Marshall, Robert G., review 197 N Martin, Louise, review 156 Nagler, Jorg, 80 Mason, Karen M., review 95 National Archives and Records Admin- Mattern, Carolyn J., 48, 177 istration, 186 Matters, Marion E., 93, 136, reviews 68, National Association of Government 105 Archives and Records Administrators, McCall, Nancy, 51 75, 150 McCarthy, Paul H., 22 National Council for the Social Studies, 186 McClung, Patricia A., 167 National Historical Publications and McConnel, Malcolm, 107 Records Commission, 107, 56 McCrank, Lawrence J., 17 National Research Council. Committee McEwen, Colleen, 49 on Preservation of Historical Records, McPherson, James M., review 79 151 McShane, Stephen G., 89 Neal, Kathryn M., 57 Meade, Roger A., 84 Nelb, Tawny, review 77 Meissner, Dennis, 35, 85, review 172 Nelson, James A., review 146 Melehy, Hassan, 92 Nelson-Strauss, Brenda, 92 Menninger, Walter W., 72 Nesmith, Tom, 35 Metzler, Valerie A., review 54 New York State Archives, 39, 114, 174, 175 Mifflin, Jeffrey, 74 New York State Archives and Records Miller, Fredric M., 28 Administration, 184 70 ARCHIVAL ISSUES INDEX

Newborg, Gerald G., 83, reviews 64, 81 Proffitt, Kevin, 9 Ng, George Hing, review 149 Pumroy, Eric, 164, review 2 Nolte, William, 118 Norris, Thomas D., 93, review 182 Q Nowicke, Carol Elizabeth, 70 Queen’s Film Studies Department, 9 Quinn, Patrick M., 73, review 177 O O’Connor, Diane Vogt, 83, review 11 R O’Shea, Greg, 49 Rabins, Joan, review 20 O’Toole, James M., 21, 32, review 75 Rampelmann, Katja, 164 OCLC, 18 Ratcliffe, Donald, 78 Olson, David J., 27 Redmann, Gail R., 21 Rhoads, James B., 168 P Richmond, Lesley, 40 Padway, Janet, 30 Rider, Edward, review 102 Painter, Patricia Scollard, review 14 Ritzenthaler, Mary Lynn, 11, 12, 153 Palkovic, Mark, review 154 Roberts, Randy, review 8 Pardo, Thomas C., 31, review 173 Rothman, Seymour, 202 Patkus, Beth L., review 153 Rousseau, Jean-Yves, 113 Paton, Christopher Ann, 5, 91, reviews Royce, Robert, 95 29, 124, 170, 171 Ruller, Thomas J., 42 Paul, Karen Dawley, 159, 160, 161 Russo, David J., 108 Peace, Nancy E., 5 Pearce, Michael, 135 S Pederson, Ann, 4, 14 Sack, John, 66 Perry, Lorraine S., review 127 Sahli, Nancy, 81, 126 Peterson, Gary M., 13 Samuels, Helen Willa, 4 Peterson, Jim, review 128 Saretzky, Gary D., 64, 81 Peterson, Trudy Huskamp, 13 Sawka, Barbara, 25 Phillips, Charles, 44 Scalera, Nicholas, 94 Potter, Constance, 79 Schaefer, Matthew T., review 164 Powell, Graeme, 49 Schorzman, Terri A., 148 Pritchard, Colleen, 120 Schultz, Charles R., review 93 Proctor, Margaret, 116, 123 Schweitzer, Ted, 107 AUTHOR INDEX 71

Shawcross, Nancy M., 31 T Shelstad, Mark L., 95, reviews 59, 98 Tatem, Jill M., 28, review 62 Sherer, Robert G., review 3 Taylor, Hugh A., 54 Shucha, Bonita J., review 187 Tejada, Susan, review 142 Shur, Leonid, 111 Thiel, Mark G., 78 Shuster, Robert D., 165 Thies, Cheri, review 1 Shutkin, Sara, review 100 Thomas, Julie, review 196 Simmons, Barbara Trippel, 4 Thomas, Kenn, review 147 Simonsen, Thordis, 201 Thomas, Norma Myers, review 47 Slavin, Timothy A., 189 Toll, Jean, review 120 Smiraglia, Richard P., 50 Traub, Thomas, 92 Smith, Hampton, review 144 Treanor, John J., 189 Smith, Jessie Carney, 63 Trinkaus-Randall, Gregor, 155, review Smith, Thomas A., review 82 112 Society of American Archivists Turnbaugh, Roy C., 13, 197 Business Archives Section, 54 Task Force on Goals and Priorities, U 146 Uhler, Sharron G., reviews 25, 71, 183 Spear, Allan, 90 University of Minnesota. Immigration Stambaugh, James, 165 History Research Center, 62 Stepenoff, Bonnie, 16 Upham, Lois, 134 Stepka, Susan A., review 97 Stevens, Michael E., reviews 27, 109 V Stewart, Virginia, 18, 117 Van Camp, Anne, review 40 Stielow, Frederic J., 189 Vanderbilt, Paul, 33 Stockford, Bridget, 40 VanDoren, Sandra Shaffer, review 161 Straw, John, 53 Vargas, Mark A., 30, 43, reviews 26, 88 Sturgeon, Stephen C., 39 Su, Mila C., 124 W Summers, Bill, review 32 Wagher, Victor S., review 185 Sung, Carolyn Hoover, 15 Walch, Timothy, 74, 129, 140 Svoboda, Joseph G., 76 Walch, Victoria Irons, 61, 106, 157 Swanson, Duane P., review 150, 198 Waldrep, Christopher, review 110 Swartzburg, Susan Garretson, 112 Walle, Dennis F., 38 Szucs, Loretto D., 10 72 ARCHIVAL ISSUES INDEX

Wallen, Denise, 71 Walters, Tyler O., 2, 36, review 73 Ward, Alan, 124 Warner, Robert M., 79, 53 Weber, Lisa B., 62, 125 Weber, Nicholas P., review 195 Weil, Alexandra, 97 Weimer, Ferne, 165 Weir, Thomas E., 188 Wellheiser, Johanna G., 139 Whalen, Lucille, 162 Williams, Brian A., review 58 Williamson, Myrna, review 67 Wilsted, Thomas, 118, review 121 Winn, Karyl, review 15 Wittman, Elisabeth, review 152 Wosh, Peter J., 61 Wright, Craig, review 136 Wright, H. Douglas, review 90 Wright, Steven L., 67

Y Yakel, Elizabeth, 183

Z Zimmerman, Ann, 88 Zwaga, Harm, 104 SUBJECT INDEX 73

SUBJECT INDEX A Archival profession, 9, 11, 15, 22, 23, 34, 49, 57, 68, 86, 89, 90, 122, 1, 3, Access, 28, 156, 193, 199 68, 146 France, 23 History, 4, 32, 87, 102 Restrictions, 7, 76, 101 Europe, 58 User studies, 142, 143 Archival research Acquisitions, 12 See terms describing specific types of Case studies, 35, 60 research: Bibliographies; Case Addams, Jane papers, 89 studies; Citation analysis; Advocacy, 8, 86, 90 Statistical studies; Surveys; User studies Agricultural history, 45 Archives American Association for State and See terms describing specific types of Local History (AASLH), 115 records and archives: American Institute of Physics, 88 Architectural records and archives; Appraisal, 40, 66, 119, 4, 64, 176 Business records and archives; Case studies, 6, 52, 108 Church records and archives; Surveys, 42 Collecting repositories; College and university records and Architectural preservation archives; Congressional records and See Historic preservation archives; Electronic records and Architectural records and archives, 16, archives; Federal records and 77 archives; Institutional records and Archival administration, 15, 20, 94, 110, archives; Labor records and 17, 19, 106, 117, 118, 119, 120, 124, archives; Local government records 168, 183, 191 and archives; Manuscripts; Medical Bibliographies, 19 records and archives; Military Finance, 71 records and archives; Public records Legal aspects, 13 and archives; Scientific records and Manuals, 122, 130 archives; Senatorial papers; Sound records and archives; State records Archival associations, 9, 34, 73, 86, 90 and archives; Visual records and Archival education archives See Education and training Archivists, 15, 20, 21, 22, 54, 55, 122 Archival principles and practice, 4, 32, Church, 61 96, 5, 6, 8, 49, 65, 113, 121, 129 Consultant, 117 Canada, 35 Minority Surveys, 120 Surveys, 57 Women, 123 74 ARCHIVAL ISSUES INDEX

Arrangement and description, 66, 93, 28, C 50 California State Railroad Museum Case studies, 108, 113 (Sacramento), 93 Manuals, 32, 116, 123, 181 Canada Association of Canadian Archivists Archival principles and practice, 35 (ACA), 10 Business records and archives Association records and archives Directories, 54 See Institutional records and archives Casanova, Eugenio, 58 Audio recordings Case studies, 178 See Sound records and archives Acquisitions, 35, 60 Authentication, 187 Appraisal, 6, 52, 108 Authority control, 43 Arrangement and description, 108, 113 Automation, 26, 16, 30, 70 Burnout, 54 Business records and archives, 35, 95 B Cataloging, 31, 82 Collecting repositories, 35, 50, 98 Berner, Richard C., 4, 102 Collection development, 48, 51 Bethel College (North Newton, Kansas), College and university records and 100 archives, 84, 118, 124 Bibliographies Congressional records and archives, Archival administration, 19 6, 98 Collection guides, 98 Documentation strategy, 1, 53 Electronic records and archives, 105 Electronic records and archives, 70, Records management, 173 95 Sound records and archives, 5 Manuscripts, 124 Records management, 95 Billy Graham Center Archives, Wheaton Records schedules, 104 College, 66 Records surveys, 75 Black history, 34, 201 Retrospective conversion, 103 User studies, 59 Sound records and archives, 82 Brooks, Sara Cataloging, 28, 30, 85, 103, 125, 126 Oral history, 201 Case studies, 31, 82 Burnout Manuals, 25, 26, 136 Case studies, 54 Statistical studies, 43 Business records and archives, 67, 109, Catalogs, Online, 2, 30, 85, 18 110, 7, 43, 120, 173 Center for Popular Music (Middle Case studies, 35, 95 Tennessee State University), 65, 82 Directories, 54 Central Michigan University Research guides, 102 (Mt. Pleasant), 60 United Kingdom, 40 Chicago, Illinois SUBJECT INDEX 75

Local Government records and Senatorial papers, 85 archives, 37, 38, 60, 69 Visual records and archives, 83 Chicago Symphony Orchestra, 92 Florida, 67 Washington, 91 Church archivists Women’s history, 95, 97 See Archivists, Church College and university records and Church records and archives, 61, 66, 75, archives, 53, 69, 115, 117 100, 121, 32, 78, 100, 101, 158, 189 Case studies, 84, 118, 124 Cincinnati Historical Society, 67 Surveys, 3 College and university libraries, 194 Citation analysis Information technology, 23 College and university students, 53 Civil War history, 39, 79 Communication theory, 40, 96 Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), 16 Computer software, 45, 47, 48, 127, 144, 145, 154, 170, 171 Clarke Historical Library (Central Michigan University), 60 Conference papers Midwest Archives Conference Collecting repositories, 12, 38, 51, 60 (MAC), 8, 72, 96 Case studies, 35, 50, 98 Society of American Archivists Directories, 56 (SAA), 7, 152 Kentucky, 82 Conference proceedings, 59, 100 St. Louis, Missouri, 55 Wisconsin, 57 Congressional records and archives, 159 Collection development, 38, 39, 47, 65 Case studies, 98 Case studies, 48, 51 Minnesota, 6 Statistical studies, 114 Conservation Collection guides, 24, 34, 76, 81, 89, See Preservation 165, 166, 177 Consulting practices, 117 Bibliographies, 98 Controversial history, 47, 60 Kentucky, 110 Local government records and Copyright Act (1976), 19 archives Cornell University (Ithaca, New York), Illinois, 185 45, 51 Washington Corporate records and archives Seattle, 87 See Business records and archives Minnesota, 200 National Archives and Records Correspondence Administration (NARA), 10, 79, Stalin, Josef, 180 140 Ohio, 84 D Oral history, 90, 92 Deposit agreements, 50 Public records and archives Surveys, 38 Minnesota, 94 Scientific records and archives, 88 Description 76 ARCHIVAL ISSUES INDEX

See Arrangement and Description Europe Diaries Archival profession Jack the Ripper, 187 History, 58 Dictionaries, 73 F Digital imaging, 42, 167 Family history Directories, 56 See Genealogy Business records and archives, 54 Canada, 54 Farm Family Decision Making Project Kentucky, 82 (Cornell University), 45 Missouri Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 7 St. Louis, 55 Records, 52, 101 Wisconsin, 57 Federal records and archives, 52, 79, Disaster planning, 97 101, 196 Manuals, 139 Finding aids, 81, 82 Disposition, 6 Florida Documentation strategy, 39, 45, 71, 109, Visual records and archives 58, 100 Collection guides, 67 Case studies, 1, 53 France Public records and archives, 23 E Freedom of Information Act (1966; Education and training, 10, 11, 20, 36, 1974), 7, 101 49, 68, 105 Statistical studies, 56, 77 G Educational programs, 29, 118, 14, 186, Gender 192, 197 Statistical studies, 123 Electoral history Ohio, 64, 78 Genealogy, 21, 100, 80, 140 Research guides, 63 Electronic records and archives, 23, 40, 41, 94, 95, 111, 112, 20, 61, 62, 68, Geographic Information Systems, 88 166, 188, 193, 196 Georgia State University (Atlanta), 91 Bibliographies, 105 Government records and archives Case studies, 70, 95 See Public records and archives; and Employment terms describing specific types of Statistical studies, 123 public records and archives: Surveys, 56 Congressional records and Encryption, 94 archives; Federal records and archives; Local government Environmental history, 39 records and archives; State records Ethnic history, 100, 59, 80 and archives Research guides, 63 SUBJECT INDEX 77

H J Historic preservation, 16 Jack the Ripper Historical Records Survey Diaries, 187 User studies, 24 Jewish history, 66 History, 72 Joint Committee on the Management, See also terms describing specific Preservation and Use of Local types of history: Agricultural Government Records, 63 history; Black history; Civil War history; Controversial history; K Electoral history; Environmental history; Ethnic history; Kentucky Genealogy; Immigration history; Collection guides, 110 Jewish history; Labor history; Directories, 82 Local history; McCarthyism; Ku Klux Klan, 60 Military history; Music history; Native American history; Oral L history; Public history; Russian history; Russian-American history; Labor history, 62 Social history; Sports history; Ohio, 84 Vietnamese Conflict history; Leland, Waldo G. 32 Western history; Women’s history Libraries, 41, 135, 147, 194 Hildreth, Gertrude papers, 81 Library of Congress, 59 HTML, 14, 41 Lincoln, Abraham, 58 I Local government records and archives, 63, 87, 141 Illinois Illinois Collection guides, 185 Chicago, 37, 38, 60, 69 Illinois State Archives, 13, 185 Collection guides, 185 Washington Immigration history, 59 Seattle Indiana Collection guides, 87 Public records and archives, 156 Local history, 108, 115 Information retrieval, 28, 45, 81, 115 Information technology, 26, 40, 81, 87, M 111, 112, 113, 115, 99 Citation analysis, 23 Machine-readable records and archives See Electronic records and archives Institutional records and archives, 12, 50, 59, 60, 62, 65, 121. Manual for the Arrangement and Description of Archives, 32 78 ARCHIVAL ISSUES INDEX

Manuals Minnesota Conference of the United Archival administration, 122, 130 Church of Christ, 75 Arrangement and description, 32, Minnesota Historical Society (St. Paul), 116, 123, 181 6, 35, 85 Cataloging, 25, 26, 136 Disaster Planning, 139 Minority archivists Records management, 159, 160, 161 See Archivists—Minority Manuscripts, 76, 108, 114 Missouri Department of Natural Re- Case studies, 124 sources, 16 Maps, 79 Modern Archives Institute, 77 MARC-AMC, 2, 28, 31, 42, 56, 82, 85, Motion picture film 103, 18, 25, 26, 50, 125, 126 See Visual records and archives Master of Archival Studies, 10, 36 Multiculturalism, 60 McCarthyism, 7, 71 Music history, 65 Medical records and archives, 51, 58 Museum objects, 36 Memoirs, 202 Museums, 17, 130, 131, 132 Memory, 72 Mennonite Library and Archives, Bethel N College, 100 National Archives and Records Admin- Microphotography, 42, 182 istration (NARA), 79, 101, 52, 53, 186, 192 Middle Tennessee State University, 65, Collection guides, 10, 140 82 History, 74 Midwest Military records State records and archives, 18 Collection guides, 79 Midwest Archives Conference (MAC), User studies, 52 73 National Historical Publications and Conference papers, 8, 72, 96 Records Commission (NHPRC), 18, Military records and archives, 44, 48, 80, 107 107 National Park Service (NPS), 16 National Archives and Records Native American history, 76, 78, 133 Administration (NARA), 79 New York, 39 Navy Laboratories, David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Milwaukee Urban Archives (University Center (Carderock, Maryland), 70 of Wisconsin-Milwaukee), 43 New York Minnesota Military records, 39 Collection guides, 200 State records and archives, 39, 114, Congressional records and archives, 6 174, 175, 184 Public records and archives Newspapers, 134 Collection guides, 94 Nixon, Richard M., 195 SUBJECT INDEX 79

North Carolina Preservation, 25, 33, 37, 91, 92, 12, 27, State records and archives, 27 29, 75, 109, 112, 149, 150, 151, 152, North Dakota 153 State records and archives, 83 Presidential elections Northwestern University Archives Ohio, 64, 78 (Evanston, Illinois), 103 Presidential libraries, 99 NOTIS, 2 Privacy, 76, 94, 101, 199 Processing O See Arrangement and description Oberlin College (Oberlin, Ohio), 84 Professional associations See American Association for State OCLC, 18, 125 and Local History (AASLH); Ohio Archival associations; Association Collection guides, 84 of Canadian Archivists (ACA); Electoral history, 64, 78 Midwest Archives Conference Labor history, 84 (MAC); Society of American Presidential elections, 64, 78 Archivists (SAA) Public records and archives, 64, 78 Professional education Oklahoma See Education and training State records and archives, 104 Public administration, 20 Online catalogs Public history, 21, 44 See Catalogs, Online Public records and archives, 7, 13, 24, Optical disks, 19 119, 163, 182, 199 Oral history, 27, 45, 65, 72, 136, 137, France, 23 148, 201 Indiana, 156 Collection guides, 90, 92 Minnesota Organizational records and archives Collection guides, 94 See Institutional records and archives Ohio, 64, 78 Surveys, 42 Outreach Wisconsin, 198 See Advocacy; Public relations Public relations, 14, 29, 55, 66, 67, 2, 9, 14, 131 P Personal papers Q See Manuscripts Photographs See Visual records and archives Popular culture, 147 Popular Music Collection (Georgia State University, Atlanta), 91 80 ARCHIVAL ISSUES INDEX

R Research, Archival See terms describing specific types of Records and archives research: Bibliographies; Case See terms describing specific types of studies; Citation analysis; records and archives: Statistical studies; Surveys; User Architectural records and archives; studies Business records and archives; Church records and archives; Research guides, 63, 102, 164 Collecting repositories; College Research sources, 44, 100 and university records and Restricted access archives; Congressional records See Access—Restrictions and archives; Electronic records Retrospective conversion, 30, 85 and archives; Federal records and Case studies, 103 archives; Institutional records and archives; Labor records and RLIN, 103, 125 archives; Local government Russian history, 180 records and archives; Manuscripts; Pictorial works, 169 Medical records and archives; Russian-American history, 111 Military records and archives; Public records and archives; Scientific records and archives; S Senatorial papers; Sound records Sacramento History Center, 93 and archives; State records and archives; Visual records and St. Louis, Missouri archives Collection guides, 55 Records management, 69, 88, 7 Seattle, Washington Bibliographies, 173 Local government records and Case studies, 95 archives Manuals, 159, 160, 161 Collection guides, 87 Surveys, 3 Scientific records and archives, 69, 4, Records schedules, 119 64, 81, 149, 172, 190 Case studies, 104 Collection guides, 88 Records surveys Security, 155 Case studies, 75 Senatorial papers, 160, 161 Recruitment Surveys, 57 Collection guides, 85 Reference service, 26, 105, 134, 162 Signage, 104 Surveys, 106 Social history, 100, 138 User studies, 99, 116 Social Welfare History Archives Religious records and archives (University of Minnesota-Twin See Church records and archives Cities), 1 Repositories Society of American Archivists (SAA), See Collecting repositories 86, 89 Reprography, 15 Conference papers, 7, 152 SUBJECT INDEX 81

Goals and Priorities Task Force, 89 Deposit agreements, 38 Sound records and archives, 25, 91, 92, Education and training, 56, 77 29, 124 Employment, 56 Bibliographies, 5 Public records and archives, 42 Case studies, 82 Records management, 3 Recruitment, 57 Sports history, 124 Reference service, 106 Stalin, Josef Correspondence, 180 T State Assessment Reports, 46, 80, 83, Taylor, Hugh A., 8 107 Theory State Historical Records Program See Archival principles and practice (NHPRC), 18 Turner Movement State historical societies, 103 Research guides, 164 State Historical Society of North Dakota, 114 U State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 48 United Church of Christ, Minnesota State records and archives, 46, 80, 107, Conference, 75 72, 150, 157 United Kingdom Midwest, 18 Business records and archives, 40 New York, 39, 114, 174, 175, 184 North Carolina, 27 University of Illinois at Urbana- North Dakota, 83 Champaign, 50, 53 Oklahoma, 104 University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 1 Statistical studies University of Pennsylvania, 31 Cataloging, 43 University of Vermont, 98 Collection development, 114 Employment, 123 University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 30, Gender, 123 43 Strategic planning, 18, 46, 110, 1, 22, University records and archives 30, 75, 141, 146, 184 See College and university records Stress and archives See Burnout User studies, 13, 29 Supreme Court, 128 Access, 142, 143 Black history, 59 Surveys Historical Records Survey, 24 Appraisal, 42 National Archives and Records Archival principles and practices, 120 Administration (NARA), 52 Archivists Reference service, 99, 116 Minority, 57 Women’s history, 59 College and university records and archives, 3 USMARC-AMC See MARC-AMC 82 ARCHIVAL ISSUES INDEX

V Van Laer, Arnold J. F., 32 Vietnam War Veterans Archives and History Center (Cornell University), 51 Vietnamese Conflict history, 48, 51, 107 Visual literacy, 74, 120, 33 Visual records and archives, 74, 93, 11, 33 Collection guides, 83 Florida, 67

W Washington Collection guides, 91 Watergate, 195 Western history, 192 Western Reserve Historical Society (Cleveland, Ohio), 108, 113 Wheaton College (Wheaton, Illinois), 66 Wisconsin Directories, 57 Public records and archives, 198 Women archivists See Archivists—Women Women’s history, 100, 34, 174, 201 Collection guides, 95, 97 User studies, 59 Works Progress Administration, 200 Works Projects Administration (WPA), 16 Workshops, 31 World Wide Web, 14, 41

Z SUBJECT INDEX 83 84 ARCHIVAL ISSUES INDEX