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6033 EAG.Pdf <flu LernIVt> ~r,r.yt.", ,, ( ~ ~ i93~ ~ SOME EARLY PEWTER CANDLESTICKS By HOW ARD H. COTTERELL F.R.HIST.SOC., ETe. URING excava­ i. is so only through bumps tions in March, and long usage, for it was D 1930, on the site originally circular, as are of an old plumber's shop all the other members in Newborough, Scar­ of the piece. borough, Yorkshire, a Age and contact with labourer's spade struck, the earth have given to it slightly scarred and a delightful patination brought to light the rare which none but the pewter candlestick illus­ greatest vandal would trated in No. i. contemplate removmg. That is all that IS I make no hesitation known of its history. It about that statement, for, came to me to be out-and-out advocate " vetted," and subse­ though I am for cleaning, quently found a safe where sheer corrosion is resting place in the concerned, I regard the collection of my fi-iend, removal of patination, Mr. Lewis Clapperton, pure and simple, as little c.A., of Glasgow. short of a crime. For It seemed probable, patination is merely a from the photograph coating, or skin, acquired which reached me before at the hand of time, the actual piece arrived, whereas corrosion is a that here was a dis­ disease, pitting like a covery of front - rank canker into' the metal importance. Subsequent itself. examination more than As with many early . , confirmed the good im­ pewter types, we have to seek the genesis of this pression created, and it :\0. I.-" SALT-BASED " CA;\DLESTICK EXCAVATED AT SCAR­ was therefore with very BOROUGH, YORKSHIRE, IN 19'0 CIRCA 1590-1 6 10 type across the English 7] IN. HIGH BE LONGING TO MR. LEWIS CLAPPERTON real pleasure that I was Channel, and there we able to send the advice: get some rays of light " Quite safe to buy at anything up to £ . " upon our subject. By courtesy of the Authorities It represents one of the rarest of all pewter of the Amsterdam Rijksmuseum, I am enabled to candlestick types. So rare, indeed, that at the' time reproduce here, in No. ii., three of the" Heemskerk " my book, Old Pewter,' Its Jvlakers and Marks, was candlesticks, the history of which is as follows. In published, in July, 1929, I had not come across a the year 1596, an attempt to reach China by the single example worthy of illustrating, although since Northern Asian route was made by a Dutch expe­ then four or five have been brought to my notice. dition under the command of J acob van Heemskerk Some 7t in. high, this wonderful example has a and Willem Barendtsz. The expedition started from basal diameter of 5t in. Bruised and battered Amsterdam, but got no further than Nova Zembla, though it is, it is a treasure of a high order, and the where the winter was spent. Barendtsz perished, stem-knop, which appears to be of polygonal section, and the remainder managed to get back to Holland 105 • ~ _~ • __ _ ~_ ~~__ __ __ _. _~_ ~.......,..,_. _ _ ____ _ ""- __ • _ . ~ _ _ _ ~_...,. - _ ~_--;;_ ~ -=..-0 The Connoissellr, with which is incorporated International Studio only after incredible sufferings. A litter of objects as Jacobean candlesticks are in existence (vide Old was left behind, some in a very battered condition, Pewter,' Its NIakers and lvIarks, pp. 89-92), not one others showing only the ravages of wind and cold of the types discussed under Nos. i., iii., iv., xii., xiii. rather than the wear of legitimate use. and xv. was then available for me to illustrate there. Nearly three centuries later, in 1876, these relics Two of the other examples to which I have referred were discovered by a captain from Hammerfest and came to light some little while ago when Mr. Richard a certain Dr. Gardiner from Goring, Oxford, who Neate, of London, acquired a unique collection of returned them to Holland where these proud seventeenth-century examples which he described witnesses to an heroic effort found a safe and in a carefully reasoned article in the Book of Antiques, appreciative home in the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam. 1928, and to him I return my thanks for the photo­ .1 Amongst other interesting pewter articles, there graphs reproduced in Nos. ' iii., iv. and v. These, are some twenty candlesticks and many fragments. as stated in Mr. Neate's article, are in reality Placing the facts before my learned Continental tapersticks, not candlesticks, the tallest of them collaborator, NIr. Robert M. Vetter, of Amsterdam, (No. v.) being but 4i in., while that in No. iv. he wrote me as follows: "This type is known here is but 3i in. as Kraagkandelaar, i.e., ' collar-candlestick,' and occurs The more definite mouldings on the little treasures chiefly in brass. Most of these candlesticks date in Nos. iii. and iv. place them at a slightly later from circa 1600 or earlier, as may be demonstrated date than Mr. Clapperton's example, and probably from paintings and from the Heemskerk relics. that in No. iv. is slightly later than No. iii. One They existed in bronze in the sixteenth century, feels tempted to hazard the dates as follows: No. i., and are not infrequently met with." circa 1590-1610; No. iii., circa 1625; No. iv., circa Here, then, we have definite proof that this type 1635-1640. was firmly established in pewter before the end of Though not truly within the sequence of the the sixteenth century, further proof being afforded types under consideration, one must include Nos. v. by contemporary paintings. By way of circum­ and vi., for the evident inspiration which the latter stantial evidence, I may cite the fact that, whereas draws from No. iv., while No. v. is very interesting many examples of wha t are known to collectors in that with the large circular grease tray of the ,. Xo. II.- THREE C.-\:<1DLESTICKS AB.-\:,{DOXED 1/\ NOV.-\ ZE~lBL-\ BY THE HEE}ISKERK EXPEDITION IN 1596 RIJKSMUSEml 106 Some Earl\' Pelete,. Candlesticks "os. Ill., I V. A"O \·.-THREE T.-\PERSTICKS FRO:\[ THE COLLECT(O" Of )[It. R ICH.-\RD "E.-\TE "0. Ill. (31 I". HIGH) IS OF ABOl'T ( ~ , "D. [\'. (3l IX.) .-\SOl·l' 1635-1 6.U: \\-HILE " 0 . 'v' . (.l I".) (U, lll(" ES T HE L.\I{G E CI RCCL.\ ({ GREASE TR.\\' SEE'" 11': "0S. Ill. A"D \\"ITH THE OCT.\GO".\L B.\SE SEE" I" "0. n. .\1.1. THREE ARE OF THE" SA LT-B.-\SED ,. TY foregoing t\'pes is a mal­ marks of the perio( gamated the octagonal \\'hereas it subscrib. base of type =:\ 0. VI., in every particular which latter is in the British traditions. Or collection of ~1r. \\-alter leels safe in placing Churcher, London. as /Jot later than the fir. An example from the quarter of the sevel collection of the la te ~1r . teenth centurv. Antonio d e =:\ m-a rro, In No. xv. is gi\-e F .S.A., of Broadway, a further example similar to that shown in similar type, some 8 il .\io. 111., but differing in height, a nd the san !i-om it materiallv at the period, from the coll e( junction of the stem with tion of Mr. Alfred I the grease tray, is given Yeates,F.S.A.,F.R.I.B.A at No. xii. of London_ An extremely rare a nd Yet another style whic graceful type is shown must be considered in No. Xll1., from the illustrated in No. xi' collection of Mr. Y1elvyn Ii-om the collection H. R ollason, of Lap­ \1rs. Carvick \Vebstc \\·orth. This fine piece of \1onkton. H ere ;1 is some 10% in. high . It leaning towards tL is twice marked within domed base has bee the bell with a small abandoned in favour ( touch, the type of letter­ one \I'ith splayed ou ing in \I-hich proclaims sides- a n eminently pra, its early d ate, and one tical, firmly se t an has little hesitation ll1 dignified accomplis I \-ouching for its British ment. This fine exam pi. on gm, for it is entirely "0. VI. -CAXDLESTlCK \\'(TH OCL\GOX.\L llASE SDULAH TO which is 1 I in. high all TAPERSTICK "0. \'" .-\"D OCTAGO:--1AL ,WCLDED COLLA R AT unlike the continen tal .J UXCTIO;.i Of SHoUT TO rOOT : \\-ALTER CH LT RCHER COLL. has a base spread 107 11 The Connoisseur, with which lS incorporated International Studio 8 in., bears the well­ Again, if we compare known touch of Robert the' stems of the three Marten, of London, objects shown in Nos. who was at work from IX., x. and xi., what mea 1640 until his do we see? First, ill death in 1674; so if No. ix. we see the stem we put the type between of a candlestick; second,. 1650-1660 we cannot be the same inverted to very wide of the truth. form the stem of a. And now, what con­ ciborium (No. x.) ; and clusions may be drawn finally, in No. xi., the from the foregoing? As same used twice-once a preliminary, attention inverted-to form a tall must be first called to candlestick. Is not the a fact well-known to inference obvious? all serious students, i.e., That the. salt m the old pewterers' habit No. xvi. was used for of using one mould for the base of a footed several purposes owing plate I can vouch for, to their high cost.
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