Municipality of Busuanga ECAN Resource Management Plan 2017-2022

Prepared by

College of Human Ecology1 – Department of Community and Environmental Resource Planning University of the , Los Baños

In partnership with

Municipal Government of Busuanga, Municipal ECAN Board, and Council for Sustainable Development

1 Bautista, Maria Althea; Malolos, Grace Anne; Magyaya, Ariana; Palevino, Mhaolene Leana; and Suarez, Miguel Alfonso

Municipality of Busuanga ECAN Resource Management Plan 2017-2022

Prepared by

College of Human Ecology1 – Department of Community and Environmental Resource Planning University of the Philippines, Los Baños

In partnership with

Municipal Government of Busuanga, Municipal ECAN Board, and Palawan Council for Sustainable Development

1 Bautista, Maria Althea; Malolos, Grace Anne; Magyaya, Arianne; Palevino, Mhaolene Leana; Suarez, Miguel Alfonso

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Upon the enactment of the Strategic Environmental Plan (SEP) for Palawan Act, Environmentally Critical Areas Network (ECAN), “a graded system of protection and development control over the whole of Palawan”, had served as “framework of municipal planning” in the province of Palawan; accordingly, SEP law mandates (1) the creation of an Ecological Zoning Plan (EZP) which shall serve as “general physical plan of every city/municipality” (Section 30) and (2) the “integration/ harmonization” of the EZP with the Municipal Comprehensive Land and Water Use Plans (MCLWUPs). In lieu of this endeavour, ECAN Resource Management Plan (ERMP), basis of “long- term sustainable management of the municipally- adopted Environmentally Critical Areas Network (ECAN) Zones”, of one of the municipalities of the province was formulated. Busuanga, a municipality located at the northernmost part of Palawan, occupying one- third of the Calamianes Group of Islands, and home to 14 barangays, was chosen as planning site. In developing the ERMP of the municipality, ecological profiling, integrated threats analysis, and ECAN planning workshop were conducted. Through these measures, context of the planning environment were identified, guide to resource management planning was provided, and a participatory planning process was facilitated. In the conduct of eco- profiling, primary and secondary data were used; in terms of Integrated Threats Analysis, (1) Key Informant Interviews, (2) Stocktaking, (3) Participatory Resource Mapping, and (4) DPSIR Matrix had served as data gathering and data analysis tools; while in ECAN planning workshop, planning matrices for each ECAN Zones were made- these were supplemented with information generated from ecological profiling and Integrated Threats Analysis. Through ecological profiling of the municipality, existing resources, opportunities and challenges among five development sectors, environmental, social, economic, institutional, and infrastructural, were identified and interpreted. Results generated from the ecological profile of the municipality are as follows; (1) the environment being distinguished of its relatively dominant brush land area, mountainous and rough topography, high number of invertebrate species, high endemnicity, vast mangrove cover, high coral reef cover, high composition of seagrass cover, low number of target reef fishes, and coastal species, dugong and sea turtle, with high conservation values; (2) the social sector attributed with 3.856% growth rate, younger population composition, 1.33 % of dependency ratio, 97.78% literacy rate, 91.84% employment, 69.9% share of community involved in agriculture, 87% poverty threshold, lacking number of health and police personnel, high number of recreation and tourism areas; (3) the economic sector comprising rice, corn, sweet potato, mango, and banana crop production, growing fishing industry of mariculture, and livelihood opportunities in buho and sawali craft and furniture making; (4) the infrastructural sector which prioritizes the improvement of roads and communal water sources, and lastly; (5) the institutional sector which focuses on development initiatives aimed at capacitating employees, maximizing economic benefits,

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and increasing revenue collection, and allocates budget for the development of tourism sector, improvement of irrigation, domestic water supply, and barangay roads. Meanwhile, in the conduct of integrated threats analysis across different ECAN Zones in the Municipality, resources, pressures and existing initiatives (responses) addressing the latter were identified. Information collected through KII, Stocktaking, and Participatory Resource Mapping were condensed and presented in the DPSIR Matrix to understand the nature and current status of these threats. The DPSIR matrix analysis had emphasized the following concerns:  Drivers and problems existing among municipally-adopted ECAN Zones; Wildlife poaching, unsustainable agricultural and forest practices (Kaingin farming), timber poaching, harvesting of Corals, conflicting knowledge regarding MPA, need for food livelihood, raw materials (for road construction and housing), education, access to tourism, delivery of services (farm to market), source of water for irrigation, income, preservation of caves, preservation of IP culture, lobbying of tribal land ownership, need for funding in CADT  ECAN map validation is found necessary given some spatially located activities have become inconsistent with current ECAN Zone designation.

Lastly, an ECAN planning workshop was conducted with key representatives of the LGU for prioritizing and validating of the problems (threats) acknowledged and devising of respective plans and programs across the different zones in the municipality. In general, plans and programs proposed (strategies) which shall address these threats include provision of alternative livelihood support, IEC campaign establishment of organizations/capacity building, strengthening the implementation of laws, preservation and conservation, strengthen implementation of laws, monitoring and surveillance, proper communication, reviewing and updating of plans and requirements for permits, prioritization and request of sustainable funding, and infrastructure development.

Upon the formulation of ERMP, the practicum team had given the following recommendations;

PCSD: - establish a PCSD office in Municipality of Busuanga - continue conducting Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) Campaigns regarding ECAN Zones and its processes and execute it at the barangay level - integrate ECAN Zoning into the academic sector from elementary to tertiary level to their curriculum - include tribal/ ancestral zone and Marine Protected Areas (MPA) in ECAN Map - add Forest Protected Area for Dugong Protected Management Zone - marking of core zones - update the existing ECAN Map of the Municipality of Busuanga and to re- evaluate the current criteria of the zones

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- establish a PCSD office in Municipality of Busuanga

ECANization process:

- including representatives from each barangays of the Municipality in the target stakeholders for the Key Informant Interview such as barangay captains and councilors - include PRM or even re-mapping of the ECAN Zones in the process.

Academe:

- to provide technical assistance, through manpower, to the municipality in updating their CLUP - partnering with developmental projects by non-government organizations such as C3.

LGU and Community Leaders: - establish Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office (MENRO) - establish monitoring team for the protection of the environment specifically for Marine Protected Areas and for the Sea Cows (Dugong) - integrate ECAN Zoning, ECAN Zones Management Plan and even Ancestral Domain Sustainable Development and Protection Plan (ADSDPP) to Comprehensive Land Use and Water Plan (CLWUP), Local Development Plans (LDP) such as the Annual Investment Plan (AIP) and Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP), - stricter implementations of existing plans and laws - draft resolutions addressed to PCSD and ECAN Board for updating of ECAN Zones in the municipality - GPS/GIS training to be administered by MPDO, MAO and MENRO - coordinate with the DENR in the utilization of idle lands such as the BPR - strong and active participation and relationship of their LGU with different NGOs such as the Community Centered Conservation (C3) - promote local resources (e.g. Handicraft making from Nipa and Bamboo) - promote Dugong Conservation (e.g. Keychain making) - engage the private sector specifically resort and beach owners in monitoring compliance of the business community to ECAN Zoning and spearheading rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems within their area of concern

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Acknowledgement

The success of the practicum team in crafting the ECAN Resource Management Plan of the Municipality of Busuanga and the memorable stay of the group while in the municipality was made possible by a lot of persons. The team wanted to extend our appreciation with their contribution and involvement; Palawan Council for Sustainable Development (PCSD), who have given us the chance to render assistance to ECAN Resource Management Planning of the Municipality of Busuanga, thank you! We are grateful of you guiding us and allowing ourselves to be in the actual work field. Sir Mark dela Cruz, thank you for all your effort and support to the team! We are blessed for all the preparations you did for the practicum team’s stay in Barangay Salvacion and assistance to each step in the formulation of ERMP. Department of Environment and Resource Planning (DCERP), thank you for helping us perform the responsibilities asked from us and for consistently motivating the team as we accomplish these tasks. Mr Ricardo Sandalo, thank you for being our practicum over- all coordinator. Your persistence in guiding and motivating the practicum teams will always be remembered. Ma’am Sandy Samantela, thank you for being our supervisor! We are blessed to have you. Thank you for always encouraging us to do our best. MPDC Marlo Dagomboy, thank you for assisting the practicum team in the conduct of ERMP. Thank you for opening the MPDO for the team to be able to print their outputs. Heads and staff of different offices of the Municipality, we thank you for entertaining our inquiries and assisting the team in gathering data needed. Barangay heads and representatives, thank you for your active participation and commitment! We appreciate your effort and involvement in the conduct of resource mapping activity and ECAN resource management planning. C3, the NGO who guided the team during their activities in the Municipality, thank you. We will always remember all the places you’ve shown us and all the lessons you’ve taught us. De Jesus family, who have been very accommodating to the practicum team, thank you. Thank you for making us feel at home. We will always treasure the bonding with the kids: Thirdy, Lorraine, Shia, Bonyx, and Ivan. Ate Leth thank you for being our second mother. Thank you for your kindness to the practicum team. The sumptuous meriendas you served usand the kuwentuhan we had will always be treasured. We will always remember the mami, longsilog, embutido, and toasted garlic you have prepared for us. Kuya Daniel, we thank you for being our resident driver. Thank you for the patience during our trips. Thank you for showing us around and making us appreciate the beauty of Busuanga.

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Our family and friends, thank you! If not of your love and support, the team have not been motivated to do our best while in the practicum. Most especially God, our Lord and Savior, thank you for your guidance and blessings to the practicum team. We are gratified to experience the beauty of your creation and the love we had from our new found friends. We also thank you for supporting us all throughout our field work and for making such endeavor a successful one!

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List of Acronyms

A&D Alienable and Disposable BHS Barangay Health Station BPR Busuanga Pasture Reserve BUB Bottom- Up- Budgeting C3 Community Centered Conservation CBFM Community Based Forest Management CBMS Community Based Monitoring System CSO Civic Society Organization CENRO City Environment and Natural Resources Office DENR Department of Environment of Natural Resources DILG Department of Interior and Local Government DOT Department of Tourism DOH Department of Health DPSIR Driver, Pressure, State, Impact and Response DRRM Disaster Risk Reduction and Management DRRMF Disaster Risk Reduction Management Fund ECAN Environmentally Critical Areas Network ERMP ECAN Resource Management Plan FLUP Forest Land Use Plan GF General Fund IEC Information, Education and Campaign ILO International Labour Organization IRA Internal Revenue Allotment IRR Internal Rate of Return KII Key Informant Interview LGU Local Government Unit LDRRMF Local Disaster Risk Reduction Management Fund LPRAT Local Poverty Reduction Action Team MAO Municipal Agricultural Office MDRRMO Municipal Disaster Risk Management Office MENRO Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office MPA Marine Protected Area MSWD Municipal Social Welfare Development Office MTOO Municipal Tourism Operations Office NGAs Non- Government Agencies NGO Non-government Organization PCSD Palawan Council for Sustainable Development PCSDS Palawan Council for Sustainable Development Staff PINSP Police Inspector PO People’s Organization PRM Participatory Resource Mapping PSA Philippine Statistics Authority QRF Quick Response Fund RPT Real Property Tax SEP Strategic Environmental Plan SEF Special Education Fund SFR Special Purpose Fund UPLB University of the Philippines Los Baños

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Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... ii Acknowledgement ...... v List of Acronyms ...... vii List of Tables ...... x List of Figures ...... xii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ...... 1 A. Significance of SEP and ECAN ...... 1 B. Ecological Zoning Plan (EZP) and ECAN Resource Management Plan (ERMP) ...... 1 C. Legal Bases of the EZP...... 2 CHAPTER 2: MUNICIPAL ECOLOGICAL PROFILE ...... 6 A. History ...... 6 B. Development Sectors ...... 9 1. Geophysical/ Environment Sector ...... 9 2. Social and Population ...... 39 3. Economic ...... 51 4. Infrastructure ...... 60 5. Institutional ...... 64 6. Transect Mapping ...... 81 A. Ecological Profiling ...... 86 B. Participatory Resource Mapping ...... 86 C. Driver, Pressure, State, Impact, Response (DPSIR) Framework Analysis ...... 86 D. Participatory ECAN Planning Workshop ...... 87 CHAPTER 4: THE ECAN ZONING STATEGY ...... 87 A. Components of the ECAN Zones ...... 88 B. Criteria and Parameters in the Delineation of the ECAN Zones ...... 88 C. Allowable Activities in the ECAN Zones ...... 92 CHAPTER 5: PARTICIPATORY RESOURCE MAPPING ...... 95 A. Terrestrial Core Zone ...... 101 B. Terrestrial Resticted Use Zone ...... 101 C. Terrestrial Controlled Zone ...... 102 D. Terrestrial Traditional Use Zone ...... 102 A. Terrestrial Multiple Use Zone ...... 102 F. Coastal Multiple Use Zone ...... 102 G. Coastal Core Zone ...... 103 H. ECAN Zone Issues ...... 104

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CHAPTER 6: Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) Analysis ...... 106 A. DPSIR Matrices ...... 107 CHAPTER 7: ECAN ZONES MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 122 A. ECAN Zones of Busuanga, Palawan ...... 122 B. ECAN Zones Management Guidelines ...... 125 C. ECAN Zones Management Program Formulation ...... 130 D. Busanga ECAN Management Program ...... 130 Outcome 1: Municipal natural resources sustainably managed ...... 131 Output 2: Municipal socio-economic status improved ...... 133 Output 3: Environmental governance and partnerships enhanced ...... 134 CHAPTER 8: ADMINISTRATION OF THE ECAN ZONING PLAN ...... 150 ANNEXES ...... 153 ANNEX A: LIST OF KEY INFORMANTS ...... 153 ANNEX B: KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEW QUESTIONNAIRE ECAN ...... 154 ANNEX C: QUESTIONNAIRE FOR STOCKTAKING OF MUNICIPAL ENVIRONMENTAL INITIATIVES (for ECAN Zones Management Planning) ...... 158 ANNEX D: RESOURCE AND ECAN OVERLAY RESOURCE MAPS OF THE BARANGAYS IN MUNICIPALITY OF BUSUANGA ...... 161 ANNEX E: OUTPUT OF THE PARTICIPATORY ECAN PLANNING WORKSHOP190 REFERENCES ...... 204

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List of Tables

Table 1. Sections of PCSD Resolution No. 05-250 which serve as basis in the formulation of EZP ...... 3 Table 2. List of Barangays and Land Area of Busuanga Municipality...... 11 Table 3. List of Small Island and Islets of Busuanga Municipality ...... 11 Table 4. Busuanga Municipality Land Cover Classification as of 2006 ...... 18 Table 5. Busuanga Municipality Sea Cover Classification as of 2006 ...... 20 Table 6. Percentage of Land Cover of the Barangays in Busuanga, Palawan ...... 21 Table 7. Percentage of Coastal Cover of the Barangays in Municipality of Busuanga . 22 Table 8. Total Forest Cover per barangay of the Municipality of Busuanga, 2006 ...... 25 Table 9. Total percentage of Mangrove Cover per barangay in the Municipality of Busuanga ...... 30 Table 10. True and Common Names of Mangrove Species present in the ...... 31 Table 11. Vulnerability to Hazards and Number of Families at Risk per Barangay...... 33 Table 12. Number of Evacuation Centers and Capacity per Barangay in the ...... 34 Table 13. Municipal Breakdown of ECAN Zones ...... 37 Table 14. Actual Number of Population and Estimated Population of Busuanga Municipality...... 39 Table 15. Actual and Projected Population Density of Busuanga Municipality ...... 40 Table 16. Tenural Status by Households in Busuanga, Palawan ...... 41 Table 17. Computed Dependency Ratio of Busuanga Municipality ...... 42 Table 18. Distribution and Ratio to Population of Health Personnel ...... 43 Table 19. Ten Leading Causes of Mortality ...... 43 Table 20. Ten Leading Causes of Morbidity...... 44 Table 21 Malnourishment Levels of Preschool Children by Percent and Total Weights44 Table 22. Literacy Rate of Municipality of Busuanga per Barangay...... 46 Table 23. Attending Elementary School and Participation Rate ...... 46 Table 24. Attending Elementary School and Participation Rate ...... 47 Table 25. Type of Housing Units present in Busuanga, Palawan ...... 48 Table 26. Sources of Drinking Water...... 48 Table 27. Types of Garbage Present in Busuanga, Palawan ...... 49 Table 28. Employment Rate of Busuanga, Palawan ...... 49 Table 29. Tourist Destinations in the Municipality of Busuanga ...... 50 Table 30. Recorded Types and Number of Crime in Busuanga, Palawan ...... 51 Table 31. A table showing the total land area and total agricultural area ...... 52 Table 32. Rice production per barangay of the municipality of Busuanga, Palawan .... 52 Table 33. Corn production in the municipality for the year 2011...... 53 Table 34. Production and top producers of mango, banana, and coconut in the municipality for 2011...... 54 Table 35. A table showing the vegetable production of the municipality in 2011 ...... 54 Table 36. A table showing the cassava production of the municipality in 2011...... 54 Table 37. List of the registered farmer associations in the municipality of Busuanga .. 55 Table 38. Chicken populations in the top three barangays with the highest produce in 2012...... 56

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Table 39. Distribution of carabao, cattle, swine, horse, and goat populations in the different barangays in 2012...... 57 Table 40. Fish production in the municipal waters of Busuanga, Palawan...... 58 Table 41. List of registered fisherfolk associations in the Municipality of Palawan. .... 58 Table 42. Inventory of Roads in Busuanga ...... 60 Table 43. Inventory of National Bridges by Classification, Location, Length and Type of Construction in Busuanga, Palawan ...... 62 Table 44. Statement of Condensed Cash Flows for the Year Ended December 31, 2015...... 68 Table 45. Statement of financial performance (General Fund) of the municipality for the year 2015 (ending from December 31, 2015) ...... 70 Table 46. Special Education Fund as of last Quarter of 2015 ...... 70 Table 47. Trust Fund Utilization on government projects, programs or activities; consolidated report for the 4th Quarter of 2015...... 71 Table 48. Barangay 20% Development Fund Utilization Report as of the 4th Quarter of 2015 (categorized according to program or provisioning of services)...... 73 Table 49. List of Bottom-Up-Budgeting projects approved by LPRAT for the year 2015...... 77 Table 50. Tally of the number of resolutions/ ordinances passed or enacted in the recent term of the municipality’s legislative body; categorized according to sector...... 78 Table 51. List of Local Government Unit (LGU) officials and ...... 78 Table 52. Criteria for delineation of land resources into the different zones...... 89 Table 53 Delineation of water resources into the different zones...... 91 Table 54. Allowable Activities in the Terrestrial and Coastal ECAN Zones ...... 93 Table 55. ECAN Matrix showing the resources, opportunities and threats in each of the zones present in the municipality ...... 100 Table 56. Identified issues in the ECAN Zones raised in the Participatory Resource Mapping ...... 104 Table 57. DPSIR Matrix of Core Zone (Terrestrial) ...... 107 Table 58. DPSIR Matrix of Core Zone (Coastal)...... 109 Table 59. DPSIR Matrix of Buffer Zone (Restricted) ...... 110 Table 60. DPSIR Matrix of Buffer Zone (Controlled) ...... 111 Table 61. DPSIR Matrix of Buffer Zone (Traditional) ...... 113 Table 62. DPSIR Matrix of Multiple Use Zone ...... 115 Table 63. DPSIR Matrix of Tribal Zone ...... 119 Table 64. Component/ Strategy Per ECAN Zone ...... 137 Table 65. Estimated Budget Requirements for ECAN Zoning Implementation and Related Environmental Management Programs (2017 – 2022) in Thousand Pesos (‘000) ...... 141 Table 66. Implementing Organizations and Key Roles ...... 144 Table 67. Action Planning Matrix ...... 190 Table 68. Strategies in addressing the threats to sustainable development ...... 199

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List of Figures

Figure 1. Municipal ECAN Zoning Plan harmonized with the C/M CLUP, and integrated with the ECAN Zoning Plan that shall be utilized in the formulation of PPFP ...... 3 Figure 2. Political Boundary Map of the Municipality of Busuanga ...... 10 Figure 3. Slope Classes of the Municipality of Busuanga ...... 13 Figure 4. Slope Map of the Municipality of Busuanga ...... 14 Figure 5. Land Classification Map of the Municipality of Busuanga ...... 17 Figure 6. Land Cover Map of the Municipality of Busuanga ...... 19 Figure 7. Land Use Map of the Municipality of Busuanga ...... 24 Figure 8. River Map of the Municipality of Busuanga ...... 28 Figure 9. ECAN Map of Busuanga ...... 36 Figure 10. Busuanga Resource Map showing areas with CADT ...... 38 Figure 11. Age-Sex Distribution of the Municipality of Busuanga based on 2010 Census ...... 42 Figure 12. Road Network Map of Busuanga Municipality ...... 61 Figure 13. Organizational Structure of the Municipality of Busuanga ...... 64 Figure 14. Transect Map of Barangay Bogtong, Busuanga, Palawan ...... 83 Figure 15. Methodological Framework of Participatory Resource Mapping ...... 95 Figure 16. Resource Map of Busuanga Municipality ...... 97 Figure 17. Busuanga ECAN Resource Overlay Map of Busuanga Municipality ...... 98 Figure 18. Sample Barangay showing the ECAN Overlay Resource Map with threats and opportunities ...... 99 Figure 19. DPSIR Assessment Framework...... 106 Figure 20. Logical Framework of Busuanga ECAN Management Program ...... 131 Figure 21. Resource Map of Barangay Bogtong...... 161 Figure 22. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Bogtong ...... 162 Figure 23. Resource Map of Barangay Buluang ...... 163 Figure 24. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Buluang ...... 164 Figure 25. Resource Map of ...... 165 Figure 26. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Calauit Island ...... 166 Figure 27. Resource Map of Barangay Cheey ...... 167 Figure 28. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Cheey ...... 168 Figure 29. Resource Map of Barangay Concepcion ...... 169 Figure 30. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Concepcion ...... 170 Figure 31. Resource Map of Barangay Maglalambay ...... 171 Figure 32. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Maglalambay ...... 172 Figure 33. Resource Map of Barangay New Busuanga ...... 173 Figure 34. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Maglalambay ...... 174 Figure 35. Resource Map of Barangay Old Busuanga...... 175 Figure 36. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Old Busuanga ...... 176 Figure 37 Resource Map of Barangay Panlaitan ...... 177 Figure 38. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Panlaitan ...... 178 Figure 39. Resource Map of Barangay Quezon ...... 179 Figure 40. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Quezon ...... 180 Figure 41. Resource Map of Barangay Sagrada ...... 181

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Figure 42. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Sagrada ...... 182 Figure 43. Resource Map of Barangay Salvacion...... 183 Figure 44. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Salvacion ...... 184 Figure 45. Resource Map of Barangay San Isidro ...... 184 Figure 46. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay San Isidro ...... 185 Figure 47. Resource Map of Barangay San Rafael ...... 186 Figure 48. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay San Rafael ...... 187 Figure 49. Resource Map of Barangay Sto. Nino ...... 188 Figure 50. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Sto. Nino ...... 189

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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

A. Significance of SEP and ECAN

Palawan, though endowed with natural assets, and high number of conservation areas, is considered as a vulnerable island ecosystem. Given this predicament, the implementation of Strategic Environmental Plan (SEP Law) for Palawan Act responds to a timely pursuit of achieving sustainable development in the province. Republic Act No. 7611 or SEP, a “landmark environmental legislation” made effective in 1992, functions as comprehensive framework guiding the sustainable development approaches of the province; plans, programs, and projects being formulated and implemented by the local government of the province and government agencies are mandated to follow the provisions of this law (Section 4, R.A. 7611 (1992)). It also institutionalizes the establishment of Environmentally Critical Areas Network (ECAN) as its main strategy. In particular, ECAN serves as “a graded system of protection and development control over the whole of Palawan”; it encompasses tribal lands, forest, mines, agricultural areas, small island mangroves, coral reefs, seagrass beds and the surrounding sea of the province (Section 7, R.A. 7611 (1992)). Moreover, as stated in Section 7 of the SEP Law, the following are expected to be satisfied upon the implementation of this core strategy; (1) Forest conservation and protection through the imposition of total commercial logging ban in all areas of maximum protection and in such other residential use zones as the Palawan Council For Sustainable Development (PCSD) as hereinafter created may provide; (2) Protection of Watersheds; (3) Preservation of biological diversity; (4) Protection of tribal people and the preservation of their culture; (5) Maintenance of maximum sustainable yield; (6) Protection of the rare and endangered species and their habitat; (7) Provision of areas for environmental and ecological research, education, and training; and (8) Provision of areas for tourist and recreation.

B. Ecological Zoning Plan (EZP) and ECAN Resource Management Plan (ERMP) Meanwhile, in implementing the SEP law, ecological zoning was adopted. Specifically, Section 30 of PCSD Resolution No. 05- 250 specifies the use of “Ecological Zoning Plan” (EZP) as the general physical plan of the municipality; more than the adoption of SEP and its core strategy, EZP creates basis for other planning activities including land use planning, tourism master planning and resource management planning. As a management tool, it is expected to serve as “framework for planning” and an “instrument” for the regulation and control of the use of resources in the Palawan. (Pacific Consultants International, 2006). Furthermore, since EZP as a whole is a “joint responsibility” of LGUs and the Council Staff (the administrative body of the SEP Law),

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Section 31 of the law orders that this plan has to be crafted and “harmonized” with Comprehensive Land and Water Use Plans (CLWUPs) of Local Government Units (LGUs). It is also noted that EZP shall serve as basis of “long- term sustainable management of the municipally- adopted Environmentally Critical Areas Network (ECAN) Zones” (PCSD Manual of Operations, n.d.). Particularly, the ECAN plan devised and proposed by the technical working group is divided into four parts namely ecological profiling, participatory resource mapping, DPSIR analysis, and participatory ECAN planning workshop. This plan shall serve for resource management planning of the Municipality of Busuanga, Palawan.

C. Legal Bases of the EZP Given that the whole province is subject to the SEP Law, plans, programs, and projects of the province has to be coherent and reflective of the SEP Law. Besides the inclusion of SEP to the Regional Development Plan of Region IV- A (Section 6, R.A. 7611 (1992)), PCSD, the administrative body of the SEP Law, is also given power and function to “coordinate with local governments to ensure that the latter’s plans, programs and projects are aligned with the plans, programs, and policies of the SEP” (Section 19, R.A. 7611 (1992)). Shown below is the figure illustrating the hierarchy of linkages and plans inclusive of the integration of EZP at the municipal and provincial level.

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P ECAN Plan

C/M ECAN Plan

Figure 1. Municipal ECAN Zoning Plan harmonized with the C/M CLUP, and integrated with the ECAN Zoning Plan that shall be utilized in the formulation of PPFP Other bases in the formulation of ECAN Zoning Plan (EZP) are shown in the table below. These include sections of PCSD Resolution No. 05-250 which serve as guide in the EZP.

Table 1. Sections of PCSD Resolution No. 05-250 which serve as basis in the formulation of EZP Sections of PCSD Provision Resolution No. 05- 250 Section 25. Preparation of The ECAN Board of the LGU with the assistance of the ECAN Zoning Plan PCSD shall formulate the ECAN Zoning plan (EZP) after the approval of an ECAN Map. With careful consideration of factors relevant in planning, the EZP includes the following; i. Description of the Area ii. Goals/Objectives iii. Zoning Strategy (priorities, methodologies for marking zone boundaries) iv. Zone Management (activities, regulatory measures policy directions) v. Administration

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Sections of PCSD Provision Resolution No. 05- 250 vi. Monitoring and Evaluation vii. Annexes (maps and references) Section 26. LGU Adoption The ECAN Zoning Plan shall be prepared by the ECAN of the ECAN Zoning Plan Board to be organized or reconstituted in each municipality/city as provided in Sections 37-39 of these guidelines. The Plan shall be presented for public hearing in the respective locality before final adoption by the /Panglunsod and endorsement to the Sangguniang Panlalawigan for subsequent approval of the Council through the Council Staff.

Section 39. Powers and The Board is vested with the following powers and Functions of the ECAN functions: Board 9. Through the ECAN working teams, undertake the following: a. Provide technical support to the LGU in implementing the ECAN; b. Facilitate the flow of activities, documents, information and decision-making process related to the efficient and effective implementation of the ECAN; c. Assist in data acquisition, analysis, monitoring and evaluation of environmental conditions in the light of SEP and ECAN targets and objectives; d. Assist PCSD in the conduct of information and education activities; e. Facilitate the formulation of ECAN Zoning Plan and its harmonization with the Municipal Comprehensive Land and Water Use Plan; and f. Other activities in pursuance of sustainable development objectives. Chapter III. Harmonization Section 30. ECAN as Framework for Municipal with the Municipal Land and Planning. The ECANZoning Plan (EZP) shall serve as Water Use Plans the general physical plan of everymunicipality/city. It shall be the basis ofother planning activities such as landuse planning, tourism master planningand resource management planning asa whole. The Comprehensive

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Sections of PCSD Provision Resolution No. 05- 250 Land andWater Use Plans of the respectiveLGUs shall be anchored on the ECANZoning Plan. Section 31. Integration/Harmonization of ECAN Zoning Plan with the Municipal Comprehensive Land and Water Use Plan. The implementation of the ECAN Zoning Plan which may include policy formulation, legislation, setting up of permitting system, monitoring and other related activities, as hereinafter provided, shall be the joint responsibility of the Local Government Units and the Council Staff through the Municipal ECAN Board. To attain this objective, the Planmay be integrated into or harmonized with the Municipal Comprehensive Land & Water Use Plan.

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CHAPTER 2: MUNICIPAL ECOLOGICAL PROFILE

A. History

1. Legend According to the legend, a small river with a narrow and picturesque bank had become source of livelihood of men living in Busuanga. Every day, settlers make good spoils of nature and these have been enough for them. However, one day, a violent storm made a rampage on the whole island and for five to fourteen days, submerged the place with heavy rains and strong winds that swept the island. It is believed that this legend was a real justification of the natural calamitous event occurred that caused the small rivers and creeks in the island to branch out and unite their flow to one great stream which is now known as the Busuanga River. Busuanga, from the vernacular word meaning “burst” in English, is the popular rendition of this event. 2. Formation of Busuanga Even before the establishment of Busuanga as a municipality in 1951, it had already acquired “Busuanga” as its name. The actual name was derived from a huge river with an average width of 100m- it is actually the largest among the rivers in the area. It was believed that the natives of the municipality named it as such and was then passed on through the word of mouth.

Spanish Regime: 1600-1898

In 1622, the colonization of Palawan under Count San Augustine reached the island of Busuanga. A number of Augustinian-Recollect missionaries landed in the eastern coast of the mainland, converted the inhabitants to Christianity and built church for them together with the establishment of the Spanish local government in the barrio, known then as Busuanga the oldest barrio in the municipality. Later, in 1636, in lieu of defending the barrio from raids (almost occurring every perennial) and onslaught of Muslim rebels, the Spaniards began fortification with small muzzle-loading artilleries; more than these constructions, the establishment of a strong naval station at Puerto Princepe Alfonso, now Balabac, together with the forts of Cuyo, Taytay, Labao, etc. combined with the powerful Spanish fleets cruising the seas, Muslim attacks were eventually put to an end. However, in 1898, the intrusion of more democratic Americans to the island as lobbied by the Treaty of Peace between the United States and Spain have caused an end to the epidotic Spanish rule.

The American Regime dating back 1901-1914 During the American Military Government ruling in 1904 under Governor Wright, the whole island of was made into a government reservation. Providing a colony for lepers and a vast government farm, the island’s jurisdiction and control were eventually served from the Municipality of Coron.On June 2nd of the same year, some former inhabitants of Culion were resettled to a place southeastern of the mainland and founded

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Concepcion, known then as “Kinamotean”, from the word camote, a root crop growing abundantly in the place. Meanwhile, sometime between 1906 and 1911, with Governor Edmund Miller in office, a number of school buildings were erected in some of the barrios (Salvacion, Concepcion, Calauit, etc.). Other important events include the establishment of New Bususanga and discovery of mining deposits in the island. The founding of New Busuanga, formerly called “Kanyepet”, is significant. If not of its most controversial creation, a part of which would still play in the last phase of Busuanga history. Given official recognition by Mayor Restituto Bacnan in 1937, mainly for religious commitments to the members of the Evangelical Church, the barrio was directed another official order in that time for its dissolution. On the other hand, about the year 1938, four or five years before the Second World War, manganese mine deposits were uncovered in the island. Because of mining, national road was constructed from Coron to the northern barrios passing through Bintuan to Concepcion.

World War II through the Liberation: 1941-1949

In 1942, a nondescript barrio in Coron, Busuanga entered the era of war. Because manganese mines are good sources of precious metals for ammunitions, Japanese men have occupied Coron, Busuanga. Provoked and with no alternatives, the Busuangenos formed the Resistance Movement, foremost of which was the daring Bolo Battalion under Ignacio Libarra. Meanwhile, in the latter part of the same year, the spreading havoc and massacre have led to enemies already enjoying their plunder. During these times, members of the Resistance Movement burned down the semi-permanent school buildings in Busuanga, Salvacion, Cheey and Calauit, which they fear would be good headquarters for the Japanese. On September 24, 1944, however, US bomber planes raided, and several Japanese ships, among the big tankers, were bombed and sunked off at the Concepcion coast. The sea became so thick laden with oil from the tankers that it burned furiously and spread out to nearby mangroves; a bright sea-inferno was created for several days and nights. Whereas on April 1945, two Japanese Officers coming from the manganese mines were killed in an ambush. Moreover, within the same month three more enemy soldiers lost their lives in the hands of the gallant Bolo Battalion. These foreshadowed the doom of Japanese invaders and signaled the end of war. Immediately after the war, the US Government built and caused the establishment of Long Range (LORAN) Transmitting Station on the western coast of Panlaitan. The Station was manned and maintained by US Coast Guards until 1970. While peacefully reigning in the island, schools were re-opened and children were sent to school. Accordingly, the US government gave aids and full support for rehabilitation of the people from their low economic state. Thus, Busuanga came out of the ashes of war still recouping. Though wavering from the moral and economic depression which it suffered in war, it was forced to emerge into a full-pledge independent municipality.

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Foundation: the ABORDO Bill

1950 had been the year of birth of Busuanga as a full pledged municipality. With 13 daughter barrios already settled and populated, it only waited for its promulgation into an independent municipality. It was Governor Gaudencio Abordo, then Congressman of Palawan and foremost of the earliest Palaweño Statesman, who authored and trigged the realization of the municipality in the session of Congress in 1950. Bill no. 381, sought for the creation of Busuanga, including all the barrios in its realm, into a municipality. Both houses of Congress approved the bill without much restraint, and its final approval by the President of the Philippines was eventually contained and sealed in the Republic of Act No. 560. On the other hand, New Busuanga, the controverter, once-dissolved barrio founded by the members of the Evangelical Church, became politically the favored site for the municipality. Further, on December 30, 1951, with a temporary “wood and nipa” structure for a municipal building, Mayor Adriana Custodio, the first town mayor, ruled the first few months of its founding years up to December 1952.

The Municipal Site Controversy

It was Tiburcio Barracoso, a southerner, of a prominent clan from Salvacion, who ascended the mayorship by rights and virtue of popular election. His first bold act of moving the municipal site to Salvacion created the first wave of “locality conflict” between the southerners and the northerners. Accordingly when a northerner, Antonio Capague, won the next election in 1955, the municipal site was moved again from Salvacion back to New Busuanga. The succeeding mayors however did not cause further migration of the municipal site since the political tide and atmosphere in the higher level favored New Busuanga; and there the municipality remained until 1974.

Relocation of the Municipal Site: The MITRA Bill

Concerning the tenure of the late Mayor Antero Hachero from 1968-1971, the former representative of Palawan, Ramon V. Mitra, Jr. had fought for another bill in the session of Congress; this time it provided for the proper relocation and immediate transfer of the municipal site, from New Busuanga to Salvacion. The bill was approved for various justifiable and sound reasons. Among the many considerations, it had been a factor that Salvacion possessed a relatively more suitable and strategic location geographically and more economically developed community. Salvacion was eyed as the most suited political center for public service and strategic seat of the municipal government. For some nebulous reasons, however, the bill had a hard and jolty time getting its way into the local government. Due to an admixture of conflicting personal and political interest and motives waged from all directions at once, the bill remained unexecuted in the local administration concerned.

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Consequently, the barrio council of Salvacion filed a case of “Mandamus” with some municipal councilors against the involved municipal officials. But while serving in the middle of his tenure, the incumbent mayor, Antero Hachero, died, and the mandamus case hung like the sword of Damocles upon the would-be successor. Eventually, when Laureano Custodio won in the 1972 local election, the same fell hair to the mandamus. This time it was the municipal council who sought the power of the court (CFI) to issue an order for the execution of the municipality’s transfer to Salvacion against the indifference of the officials concerned. A little “cold war” almost sprung to the surface between the people of Salvacion and New Busuanga.

The Final Seat of the Municipal Government

On September 2, 1974 with men acting as pacifier and mediator, between the people of New Busuanga and Salvacion, the municipality was finally transferred and laid to its ultimate site. The historic transfer of the municipal site was characterized by clashing sentiments and convictions by the people and their leaders, both from personal and political motives and interest that made no little significance to the history of Busuanga.

B. Development Sectors

1. Geophysical/ Environment Sector 1.1.Geographical Location At the northernmost part of the Province of Palawan, Calamianes group of island is found. This is composed of five islands namely: Busuanga, Calauit, Coron, Culion and as it corresponds to four major municipalities which are Busuanga, Coron, Culion and Linapacan. The Municipality of Busuanga is the largest island as it covers 1/3 of and about 3.8% of Palawan’s total land area. Based from the Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP 2001-2009) of the municipality, the total land area of the municipality is 52, 748 hectares while according to DENR –CENRO, the total land area was 53, 051 ha. It is bounded by strait on the north, municipality of Coron on the east, on the west and Culion Island on the south. Majority (59%) of the land area of the Muncipality of Busuanga is comprised of the Calauit Game Preserve and Wildlife Sanctuary (3,323ha) and the Yulo King Ranch (YKR) (28. 380ha).

1.2.Administrative Boundary The Municipality of Busuanga is composed of 14 barangays namely: Bogtong, Buluang, Cheey, Concepcion, Maglalambay, New Busuanga, Old Busuanga, Panlaitan, Quezon, Salvacion, San Isidro, San Rafael, Sagrada and Sto. Niño. As shown in Figure 2, San Isidro, Panlaitan, Maglalambay are island barangays. Meanwhile, as shown in Table 2, Barangay Cheey has the largest area as it comprises about 32% of total land area of the municipality. It is followed by Sto. Niño with 11%. Busuanga has also a high number of Islets which mostly are home for the Indigenous People (Tagbanuas) in the municipality. Table 3 shows the list of island islets in Busuanga, Palawan.

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Figure 2. Political Boundary Map of the Municipality of Busuanga

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Table 2. List of Barangays and Land Area of Busuanga Municipality. Barangay Land Area (ha) Percentage of Total Land Area Bogtong 2,966.84 5.59 Buluang 1,395.84 3.64 Calauit 3,323.59 6.26 Cheey 17,229.63 32.47 Concepcion 1,282,99 2.41 Maglalambay 437.18 0.82 New Busuanga 3,236.45 6.10 New Quezon 1,599.98 3.01 Old Busuanga 2,860.31 5.39 Panlaitan 227.47 0.42 Sagrada 3,722.36 7.01 Salvacion 2,890.09 5.61 San Isidro 448.81 0.84 San Rafael 2,323.83 4.38 Sto. Nino 5995.80 11.30 Other island 1,519. 94 2.86 Total 53, 051.63 100.00 Source: DENR-CENRO, 2016

Table 3. List of Small Island and Islets of Busuanga Municipality Percentage of Total Land Small Island and Islets Land Area (ha) Area Calumboyan Island ND - Denicolan Island ND - Diboyayan Island 14.59 0.96 Dicoyan Island 67.89 4.49 Dimipac Island 118.15 7.82 Elet Island 1.40 0.092 Horse Island 47.28 3.12 Kalampisauan Island 15/27 1.01 Lajo Island 283.75 18.78 Malajon Island 77.80 5.15 Malcatop Island 66.04 4.37 Mangueguey Island 10.61 0.70 Manolaba Island 15.48 1.02 Manobeleng Island 30.13 1.99 Napula Island 23.84 1. 57 North Malbinchilao 43.96 2.91 Northwest Rock 1.20 0.07 Pamanlican Island 7.51 0.49 Pass Island 11.82 0.78 Rat Island 1 37.35 2.47 Rat Island 2 107.37 7.10 Salvacion Island 26. 03 1.72 South Cay Island 10.74 0.71 South Malbinchilao Island 13.90 0.92

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Percentage of Total Land Small Island and Islets Land Area (ha) Area Tanabon Island 12.61 0.83 Tantangon Island 66.61 4.40 West Nalaut Island 57.66 3.81 Other Islands (no names) 289.29 19.15 Total 1,510.64 100.00 Source: ECAN Zones Management Framework and Guidelines for Busuanga Municipality, 2006

1.3. Topography

Elevation The municipality’s western and central portions are predominantly rough and mountainous with rolling to hilly terrain. A part of this is the Chinabayan Mountain and Wayan Range that still support extensive parches of Molave forest and Cogon grassland (features which are dominant in the locale). Chinabayan, also called Sinibayan, is approximately near to Sinibayan River and the waterfalls found in Barangay New Busuanga. Chinabayan traverses along Barangay San Rafael and Barangay Sagrada where forest cover is much more extensive. Meanwhile, the hilly portions of the mountain range is covered by lowland beach and limestone forest while those that are confined to the sides of hills following the municipality’s streams and river have thicker forest covers. The central hills have low elevation (less than 700 meters above sea level) while some have an elevation reaching more than 500 meters. Also, on the western portion are numerous islets while on the northern tip is the Calauit Island. The Salvacion Mountain Range located in Salvacion, the Sinabuyan Mountain Range between New Busuanga and Cheey, and the Naapac Moutain Range in San Rafael are among the major mountain ranges of the municipality.

Slope Due to the mountainous features of the municipality, most of the areas have high variations of slope composition. Areas more than 50% slope comprise 2% of the municipality; about 32% represent those areas with more than 18% slope but lesser than 50% slope; while 59% are areas with less than 18% slope. The relatively flat areas are generally devoted to rice and tree plantations. Areas with slope that ranges from 0-3% can be used for agricultural and urban development while those slope classes with 3-18% can be allocated for human settlement expansion.

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Figure 3. Slope Classes of the Municipality of Busuanga

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Figure 4. Slope Map of the Municipality of Busuanga

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1.4. Geology

The whole Busuanga Island belongs to the non-volcanic micro-continental fragment of the northern Palawan group of islands which includes all areas on- and offshore north of the Ulugan Bay Fault. Based on geophysical observations, these groups of islands are believed to be part of the southeastern continental shelf of mainland China before the Tertiary period (Mid-Oligocene) (particularly during the beginning of the sea-floor spreading of the South China Sea). As stated in the Flora Survey and Biodiversity Assessment for Core Zoning Report by the PCSD in 2006, the geology of Busuanga consists of several formations. These include King Ranch Formation, Liminangcong Formation, Quarternary Alluvium and Malajon Limestone. The Liminangcong Formation which is distinguished of its bedded chert is dominant in the municipality while the Quarternary Alluvium which consists of unconsolidated floodplain deposits accumulated at the foot of the hills can be found in the low – lying coastal areas and along the river channels of most of the barangays in Busuanga. On the other hand, Malajon Limestone, typified by creamy to dark gray massive coralline, marbleized limestone, is commonly found in Elet and Kalapisauan Islands located northwest of the municipality. Most of the land formations are karst limestone having silicon dioxide as its major elements. Limestone distribution over the municipality, however, can only be observed in few areas such as Barangay Buluang.

1.5. Soils The soil classification and fertility of lands in the municipality is affected by climate, rainfall, and its varying elevation. There are six major types of soil in Busuanga namely: Rough Mountainous Land, Coron Clay Loam, San Miguel Clay Loam, Clay Loam, Busuanga Loam and Hydrosol. Sub-surface textures of these soils can be classified as either loam to clay loam and sandy clay; these fall under the medium to fine- textures soils. The types of soil in the municipality vary on its geographical location. According to the report of the Office of the Provincial Agriculturist, those soils located in the plains, valleys and plateaus are made up of silt clay loam while those soils located in the area where it is gently sloping to slightly steep are composed of sandy clay to sandy clay loam. For coastal plains on the southern part of the municipality, the major type of soil is hydrosol while in some valley areas, there is rich Busuanga loam. Of these types of soil, silt clay loam soil, given its properties, makes it suitable for the community to plant their crops and grow their vegetables.

1.6. Climate

Busuanga has two distinct climate types. It is dry from December to May and rainy from June to November; the warmest months are March, April, and May while the coldest are December, January, and February. It has an average yearly rainfall measurement of 2,873.9 mm. Page | 15

Meanwhile, though Palawan as a whole is outside the typhoon belt, the northern portion where Busuanga is located experiences persistent gales and torrential rains especially during the months of July to August.

1.7. Surface Water

Busuanga has 3 mineral springs . It has several river systems as well. The major ones are as follows:  Busuanga River in Old Busuanga  Binalayan River in Cheey  Dipuyal River in Sto. Niño  Lele River in New Busuanga  Malabnas River in San Rafael  Ditapec River in Calauit  Kiwit River in Sagrada

1.8. Land Resources

Land classification Figure 5 shows the land classification map of the Municipality of Busuanga in 2006 (in accordance with SEMP- ECAN Zoning Project). It can be seen that majority of the land is classified as alienable and disposable; dominance of this land classification is primarily because secondary brushland/ shrub lands are abundant in the area. On the other side, there are different sources of information indicating the composition of various land classification of the municipality. Department of Environment and Natural Resource- CENRO have identified the total municipal land area of Busuanga with 32, 144 hectares (71.3%) classified as alienable and disposable (A&D) land and 12, 950 hectares (28.7%) of forest land; SEMP-ECAN Zoning Project which formulated a NAMRIA-land classification map, however, revealed that the A&D land is only about 48%. On the other hand; while CLUP showed the allocation of municipal land uses with 46% devoted to brushland and grassland, 39% to forest, 8% for agriculture, and 1% for built-up areas or only about 392 hectares of the total land area.

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Figure 5. Land Classification Map of the Municipality of Busuanga

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Land Cover The table below shows the different types of land covers classification, the total area (in hectares) and percentage in respect with the total land cover of the municipality. Table 4. Busuanga Municipality Land Cover Classification as of 2006 Land Cover Percentage of Total Area Area (Hectares) Classification for Municipality (%) Agricultural Areas 1, 773.3 4.2 Brushland 21, 155.0 49.6 Grassland 251.2 0.6 Limestone Forest 4,297. 0 10.9 Primary Forest and 101.8 0.2 Closed Canopy Forest River 866.8 2.0 Road 324.7 0.1 Secondary Forest 13, 854.1 32.5 Total for Terrestrial 42, 481.6 100 Source: ECAN Zones Management Framework and Guidelines for Busuanga Municipality, 2006

The municipality of Busuanga is predominantly covered with brushlands (49.6%) and secondary forest (32.5%). Though presence of wide areas of brushlands and grassland indicates past disturbances in the forest ecosystem of the municipality, it had encouraged pursuing good and healthy environment for conservation and protection and other potential development approaches. Areas like primary and secondary forest were noted as potential areas for core zone delineation while areas like brushlands and grasslands were eyed as areas for road development. In this sense, brushlands and grasslands can have more productive and sustainable land uses, such as agricultural and industrial uses. Rehabilitation is further encouraged in these areas.

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Figure 6. Land Cover Map of the Municipality of Busuanga

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Sea Cover Table 5 shows the sea cover classification of Busuanga, Palawan as of 2006. The municipality is surrounded by water body (94.9%), making it a good source of livelihood for the community. Also this can be home for rich biodiversity of marine species such as corals, dugongs and sea turtles which can be utilized for ecotourism development. Most of the barangays also have their mangrove cover. Mangroves are home to terrestrial and marine species and serves a natural barrier to storms, storm surges and other related disasters.

Table 5. Busuanga Municipality Sea Cover Classification as of 2006 Coastal and Marine Area Percentage of Total Area Classification (Hectares) for Municipality (%) Mangrove Forest 2, 048.4 4.2 (secondary) Dense Corals 62. 1 0.2 Sand/Rock 235.1 0.5 Sparse Seagrass 21.0 0.04 Dense Seagrass 151.0 0.3 Water body 46,530.0 94.9 Total 49, 047.6 100.0 Source: ECAN Zones Management Framework and Guidelines for Busuanga Municipality, 2006

On the State of the Environment of Palawan, most of the coral reefs in 2004 in the province including Busuanga Municipality, are classified as fair to poor condition. While the seagrass with excellent cover has deteriorate from 2.6% in 2004 to 0.8% in 2014. Consequently, those sited with poor cover has increased from 31.8% in 2004 to 68.7% in 2014.

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Table 6. Percentage of Land Cover of the Barangays in Busuanga, Palawan Barangay Agricultural Brushland Built-up Grassland Limestone Primary River Roads Secondary TOTAL Areas areas Forest Forest Forest Bogtong 1.90 47.00 0.2 2.6 - 7.1 - 0.3 4.10 100 Buluang 6.40 68.20 3.3 14 1.5 - - 0.5 6.2 100.00 Calauit 3.4 50.60 0.1 12.2 - - 0 0.9 32.70 100.00 Cheey 4.00 33.00 0.1 15.7 0 1.4 0 0.8 45.00 100.00 Concepcion 1.00 87.80 0.5 3.4 - - 0.2 0.8 6.20 100.00 Maglalambay 0.20 98.70 0.6 0.5 - - - - - 100.00 New 4.70 65.30 0.8 7.8 - 0.2 - 1.4 19.90 100.00 Busuanga Old Busuanga 8.60 35.20 0.7 0.5 - 2.3 1.5 0.2 51.10 100.00 Panlaitan 0.20 59.40 7.4 - 33 - - - - 100.00 Quezon 6.40 61.80 0.6 23.11 - 0 1.5 0.2 51.10 100.00 Sagrada 4.10 60.30 0.4 6.6 - - 0 0.4 28.10 100.00 Salvacion 3.90 42.00 0.8 0 - 0.1 0.4 0.7 52.00 100.00 San Isidro 0.40 97.80 0.8 1 - - - - - 100.00 San Rafael 1.80 32.00 1.1 0.2 - 18.1 - 0.3 46.50 100.00 Sto. Nino 5.80 73.10 0.5 16.7 - - 0.1 1.2 2.7 100.00 Municipal 4.15 49.56 0.59 10.87 0.24 2.03 0.13 Total 0.76 32.46 100.00 Source: ECAN Zones Management Framework and Guidelines for Busuanga Municipality, 2006

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Table 7. Percentage of Coastal Cover of the Barangays in Municipality of Busuanga Barangay Mangrove Forest Corals Sand/Rock Sparse seagrass Dense seagrass Water body Total Bogtong 1.2 - 0.3 0.1 0.2 98.3 100 Buluang 2.4 - 0.5 - 0.7 96.4 100 Calauit 3.9 - 0.3 0 0.2 85.6 100 Cheey 2.1 0.2 0.2 0 - 97.4 100 Concepcion 9.2 - 1.3 - 2 87.5 100 Maglalambay 29.9 11.9 46.1 1.7 10.4 - 100 New Busuanga 3.6 0.1 0.3 - 0.1 95.9 100 Old Busuanga 6.7 0.1 0.2 - 0.1 92.9 100 Panlaitan - - 84.9 2.3 12.8 0 100 Quezon 35.5 - 3.1 - 1.5 59.9 100 Sagrada 5.4 0.4 0.2 - 0.2 93.8 100 Salvacion 1.1 0.1 - - 0 98.7 100 San Isidro 61.4 - 23.2 - 15.3 - 100 San Rafael 0.7 - - - - - 100 Sto. Nino 9.6 - 0.2 0.3 1 88.9 100 Source: ECAN Zones Management Framework and Guidelines for Busuanga Municipality, 2006

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1.9. Land Use

Figure 7 shows the different land uses in the Municipality of Busuanga. Accordingly, the following are noted generalizations concerning various land uses in the municipality: a. Buluang has the largest area of built-up or urban environment, followed by San Rafael, New Busuanga & Salvacion. These areas have high percentage of multiple use zones, particularly Buluang and Salvacion, and are more appropriate for residential and commercial developments; b. Old Busuanga has the highest concentration of river channels and a potential source of irrigation and domestic water as this barangay caters majority of the Busuanga River; c. Cheey, being the biggest barangay in terms of land area in the municipality has the largest concentration of road, largest area of grasslands and agriculture lands.; d. Cheey has the highest concentration of secondary growth forest while San Rafael has the highest concentration of primary or closed canopy forest and limestone forest; e. Cheey, Sto. Nino and New Busuanga have the largest concentration of brushlands. Sto. Nino has the highest concentration of degraded seagrass meadows. Sto. Nino, Concepcion & Calauit have the highest concentration of dense or intact seagrass meadows; and f. Calauit has the highest concentration of secondary mangrove forest followed by Sto. Nino, Old Busuanga & Sagrada. Sagrada has the largest area of live coral cover.

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Figure 7. Land Use Map of the Municipality of Busuanga

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1.10. Biological Environment

Through the various surveys and study by the SEMP-ECAN Zoning Project, the terrestrial flora and fauna present in the municipality were profiled.

Terrestrial Flora The vegetation of the municipality is mainly characterized by patches of grasslands, brushlands and its conopy is dominantly vegetated with bamboo species called “buho”. The remaining primary growth forest in the area is limestone forest. These significant primary and closed forests (e.g. semi-evergreen & semi-deciduous, limestone & karst) were noted in Barangays Concepcion, Sagrada, YKR presently known as Busuanga Pasture Reserve (BPR), Cheey and San Rafael. These areas have also high percentages of alienable lands making it suitable for vegetation and for other uses such as residential and agricultural uses. In addition, two barangays were noted to have a stable upland agriculture, namely: Quezon and New Busuanga. The municipality of Busuanga rich has rich biodiversity. Flora found in the municipality include kamagong, ipil sakat, akle, apitong, malasantol, antipolo, nato, yakal, duguan, narra, molave, mancono and kalaum. Forest land of municipality is considered special because six uncommon indigenous flora species are recorded. This includes Lanete, which is classified as endangered under the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red Data List. On the other hand, Barangay Cheey and Salvacion were endorsed to be considered as biodiversity hotspots for they were observed to have high biodiversity indices. These barangays Cheey and Salvacion are among the top barangays with high percentage of primary and secondary forest as well as high percentage of Core Zones, 3.7% and 2.2% respectively. Table 8. Total Forest Cover per barangay of the Municipality of Busuanga, 2006 Barangay Extent of Forest Cover Percentage of Total (Hectares) Forest Cover Bogtong 1, 395. 40 9. 41 Buluang 149. 20 1.01 Calauit 1, 037.50 7.00 Cheey 6, 076.60 40.99 Concepcion 85.50 0.58 Maglalambay 0.00 0.00 New Busuanga 631.20 4.26 Quezon 109.20 0.74 Old Busuanga 1,211.10 8.17 Panlaitan 72.70 0.49 Sagrada 920.70 0.21 San Isidro 0.00 0.00 Sto. Nino 89.10 0.60 San Rafael 1,509.00 10.18 TOTAL 14, 822. 90 100.00 Source: ECAN Zones Management Framework and Guidelines for Busuanga Municipality, 2006

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With respect to forest cover (Table 8), top three barangays with the highest forest cover are: Cheey, Salvacion and San Rafael. For the primary forest, Cheey has 1.4%, Salvacion with 0.1% and San Rafael with 18.1%, and for the secondary forest, Cheey has 45.0%, Salvacion with 52% and San Rafael with 46.5%. Besides having high forest cover, these barangays also possess a relatively high percentage of protected areas or core zones. On the other side, there are also barangays without forests and these are Barangay San Isidro and Barangay Maglalambay.

Terrestrial Flora and its Threats According to the transect lines conducted by the PCSD, Cheey, being the largest barangay in the municipality has the highest number of endangered flora species. Among these that appear at almost 80% of the transect area are Malasantol (Sympetalandra densiflora) and Sakat/Teket while species which appear in almost 70% of the transect areas is Ipil (Intsia bijuga). Barangay Salvacion follows Cheey with 7 out of 15 endangered species identified. For the whole municipality, the common endangered species found are Malasantol (63%), Sakat/Taket (54%), Ipil (54%) and Yakal (Shorea astylosa )(45%). Besides species endangerment, major threats to these resources are illegal logging, forest fires, kaingin, hunting of wildlife, and the rapid expansion of settlements in the upland due to the increase in population, brought by natural increase and migration.

Terrestrial Fauna The Municipality of Busuangais haven for a total of 145 species of vertebrate fauna. Not only there are numerous counts of species but endemicity and discovery of new species is also very significant in the area. 21% species of birds, 33% species of mammals, and 29% species of amphibians and reptiles are endemic. Addition to this, four new species of birds and one species of frog, turtle and snake were found. Other new recorded species in the municipality include the Philippine Hawk Eagle (Spizaetus Philippensis), Blue-capped Kingfisher (Actenoides hombroni), Little-pied Flycatcher (Ficedula westermani palawanensis), Small button quail (Turnix sylvatica), Slender digit Narrow mouth frog (Kaloula picta) and Philippine pit viper (Trimereserus flavomaculatus).

Particularly, indices of its species richness, evenness, dominance and diversity were high in the following order of habitat types: brushland-forest, brushland-bamboo thicket, brushland ricefield, and agroforest-bamboo thicket (pure forest stand recorded the lowest diversity of wildlife). 1.11. Water Resources River System The Municipality of Busuanga has a lot of river systems which are used as a water resources. More than its domestic use, these can be a good source of livelihood and recreation for locals and even for tourists. These river systems include the (1) Great Busuanga River in Old Busuanga traversing around itself and Salvacion, (2) river system which passes along Barangay Buluang, New Busuanga and Quezon, (3) another one which crosses Barangay Bogtong, Sagrada and Concepcion, (4) Binalayan River in Barangay Page | 26

Cheey, (5) Dipuyal River in Sto. Nino, (6) Lele River in New Busuanga, (7) Malabnas River in San Rafael, (8) Ditapec River in Calauit, and (9) Kiwit River in Sagrada. Figure 8 shows the river map of the Municipality of Busuanga.

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Figure 8. River Map of the Municipality of Busuanga

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Waterfalls A waterfall located in Barangay Concepcion has high potential for tourism development. It has been an ideal place of locals and visitors for recreation. Watershed The main watershed of the Busuanga which has a total area of 1, 963.62 ha traverses other barangays in Coron such as Bintuan. There is also another watershed with an area of 2,771.14 ha covering Decalachao in a lineal distance of 21, 524.24 meters.

1.12. Mineral Resources

According to the DENR Data Report and the 2013 Forest Land Use Plan (FLUP) of Coron, the total mineable area for the whole Busuanga Island is 18, 990 hectares. The known mineral resources/reserves that are mainly found are limestone, marble, manganese, nickel, chromite and iron. In the Municipality of Busuanga, these mineral deposits are located in Barangays Bogtong, Sagrada and Concepcion. Mining, on the other hand, is not rampant in the municipality and no mineral mining activities are recorded as of this year. This implies that the municipality do not engage themselves of unsustainable mining practices that can destroy the rich natural resources in the area. Moreover, this also reflects how the municipality finds favor in pursuing sustainable development. However, anecdotal accounts reported that there are sand anf gravel quarry operating without permit which is yet to be verified. 1.13. Coastal and Marine Resources

Coral Reef The estimated coral reef cover of Busuanga is about 11.30 km2. Of which, patchy corals on rubbles substrate are estimated to have an area of 1.96 km2 while algae overgrowing dead corals are estimated to be in an area of 6.29 km2. Among the barangays with coral reefs, Barangay Panlaitan has the largest area for coral reefs (16.95 hectares). Other barangays with coral reef areas include: Concepcion (14.12 hectares), Sagrada (11.18 hectares), Calauit (10.5 hectares), Maglalambay (6.35 hectares) and New Quezon (2.99 hectares). Also, there are three coral reef areas identified as core zone based on their percentage of live coral cover. These are Denicolan Island (53%), Tantangon Island (44%) and Calumboyan Island (55%). Since high percentages of coral reef cover indicate high percentage of coral fishes and shellfishes, core zone delineation for coral reefs on strategic locations such as the three islands can improve and maintain the dynamics of corals and fisheries in the area. In the State of the Environment Report (PCSDS 2015), only 2.7% of the coral cover is in excellent condition, 14.8% in very good condtion, 14.9% in good, 42.1% in fair, and 25.5% in poor condition. This accounted results of survey conducted in 2011.

Sea grass communities

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Sea grass cover of the municipality is estimated to be at 27. 5km2 (PCSD, 2006). Areas with the highest percentage of sea grass cover include Barangay Quezon with 61%, Japnay (found on the east coast of Calauit Island) with 33%, and two sites in Cheey with 27% and 72%. Besides these key sites, high dense sea grass cover was also seen in Barangay Concepcion and Sto. Niño. These areas are the feeding grounds of Dugong dugon, and are candidates for core zone delineation. Seagrass beds in Busuanga serve as spawning, nursery or feeding ground of fishes, shrimps and other marine animals. Twenty- seven species of bivalves and gastropods can be also found in the area.

Mangrove Forest Mangrove forests in Busuanga are found along the coastline and around major rivers including Binalayan River, Lele River, Malabanao River, Busuanga River, Dipuyai River and Kiwit River. The coastal mangrove forests can be found in all barangays of Busuanga with an estimate stretch of at least 150m each barangay However, in general, these mangrove forests (except Calauit Island) are fast becoming depleted due to continuous harvesting; charcoal or fuel wood production, and housing purposes are main drivers of this concern. About 60% of the mangrove in the municipality is in the reproductive stage (i.e. small size, stunted, shrubs); these are mangroves forests mostly found in Sto. Niño and Concepcion. In terms of the remaining mangrove cover, Calauit has the largest mangrove forest cover of 458 hectares. The best mangrove stands in Busuanga can be found in this island. Barangays Sagrada and Old Busuanga have also a substantial area of mangrove forest cover. with 263 ha and 268 ha cover, respectively. A marine reserve in Barangay Bogtong-Sagrada also serves as a sanctuary for a wide range of mangrove forest. Table 9 shows the percentage of mangrove cover per barangays in the municipality while Table 10 shows the true and common names of mangroves species in the locale.

Table 9. Total percentage of Mangrove Cover per barangay in the Municipality of Busuanga Percentage of Total Barangay Area (Hectares) Mangrove Cover Bogtong 54.60 2.43 Buluang 36.70 1.63 Calauit 658.60 29.29 Cheey 93.40 4.15 Concepcion 123.90 5.51 Maglalambay 35.40 1.57 New Busuanga 167.50 7.45 Old Busuanga 264.60 11.77 Panlaitan 0.00 0.00 Quezon 127.70 5.68 Sagrada 262.60 11.68 Salvacion 86.20 3.83 San Isidro 40.30 1.79 San Rafael 5.40 0.24 Page | 30

Sto. Nino 291.60 12.97 TOTAL 2,248.50 100 Source: Mangrove Survey, PCSD (2003)

Table 10. True and Common Names of Mangrove Species present in the Municipality of Busuanga True Mangrove Common Name Associate Mangrove Common Name Aegiceras corniculatum Tinduk-tindukan Acanthus ebracteatus Tigbau Aegiceras floridum Saging-saging Acacia farnesiana Aroma Avicennia alba Bungalon-puti Acrostichum aureum Lagolo Avicennia marina Bungalon Barringtonia asiatica Botong Avicennia officinalis Api-api Barringtonia racemosa Putat Bruguiera gymnorrhiza Busain Brownlonia tersa Bruguiera sexangula Pototan Brownlonia lanceolata Maragomon Bruguiera cylindrical Pototan Lalaki Caesalpinia crista Bruguiera parviflora Langarai Caesalpinia nuga Sapinit Camptostemon Gapas-Gapas Cerbera mangas Baraibai philippinense Ceriops tagal Tangal Cynometra ramiflora Balitbitan Ceriops decandra Malatangal Derris trifoliate Mangasin Lumnitzera littorea Tabau Hibiscus tiliaceus Malubago Lumnitzera racemose Kulasi Garcinia spp. Nypa fruticans Nipa Glochidion littorale Kayong Rhizophora apiculate Bakauan lalaki Instia bijuga Ipil Rhizophora mucronata Bakauan babae Morinda citrifolia Bangkoro Rhizophora stylosa Bakauan bato Osbornia octodonta Taualis Sonneratia alba Pagatpat Pandanus tectorius Prickly Pandan Sonneratia caseolaris Pedada Pemphis acidula Bantigi Excoecaria agallocha Buta-Buta Pongamia pinnata Bani Xylocarpus granatum Tabigi Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea Nilad Xylocarpus Piagau Terminalia catappa Talisai moluccensis Source: Mangrove Resource Assessment in Busuanga, Palawan, ECAN Zoning Project (2003)

Coral Life forms and associated species Coral reef areas in Denicolan, Tantangon, and Calumboyan Islands have substantial coral cover of at least 50%. Given the abundance of this resource, their zone reclassification as core zone areas was found necessary. Similarly, being endowed with good grass cover, areas in Cheey, New Quezon and Japnay are also recommended for zone updating. To better improve the ecological dynamics in the area as well as the fisheries production, the coral reefs of the small islands and other strategically located coral reefs are delineated as core zone or restricted zone. Coral reef areas are also seen as potential income generating livelihood activities. Tourists come and go in the municipality to witness sites such as the good diving spots and white sand beaches in the island barangays of the municipality. This includes caves and Page | 31

shipwrecks located in Malajon Island, most popularly known as Black Island, serving as tourist visitation spots. Moreover, Fishermen considers tourism as alternative livelihood that allows them to minimize destructive fishing practices and devote their efforts in protecting their tourism-based livelihood. On the other hand, in some areas of the Municipality of Busuanga like Concepcion, pearl are being cultured in pearl farms. These do not just help in the livelihood of the community for these also serve as protective enclosure of coral reef areas. More than preventing illegal intrusions of large fishing boats, pearl farms allow the coral reefs and the reef fishery production to improve and regenerate.

Reef fish communities The reef fish communities in Busuanga are in generally poor condition. The most dominant families observed are the non-target species which are very low in value commercially; commercially valuable target species are seen as generally low in number in the whole municipality. A total of 135 species from 27 families were recorded in the survey conducted by the ECAN Project in 2006 in selected sites in the municipality; these sites include Tantangon Island, Calumboyan Island, and Denicolan Island. The study showed that Calumboyan Island has the highest number of species (103 species from 22 families), abundance (3,128 individuals) and estimated biomass (32,355.87g) among the three survey sites; Tantangon Island has the second highest number of species (79 species from 19 families), 1,933 individuals and 25,026.01 grams of biomass; while Denicolan Island has the lowest number of species (56 species from 20 families), total abundance of 992 individuals and biomass of 11,595 grams- Siganidae contributed majority of the biomass.

Marine Mammals and Turtles Sea cows (dugongs) and turtles can be seen the whole year round in many coastal barangays except in Bogtong, Sagrada, Concepcion and Sto. Niño. Turtle nesting sites were spotted in the islands of Tanobon, Dimipac, Elet, Malajom, Pamalican, West Nalaut, and Salvacion. The turtles that are found in Busuanga include Olive Ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) or pawikan and Hawkbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricate) or Kara which are both common in the area. Dolphins and whales were likewise observed in the area during May to December. The highly migratory Dermochelys coriacea or the Leather Back Katuan has also been seen in the area.

1.14. Natural Hazards and Constraint

Aside from the natural disasters contributing to land degredation, five other casues greatly affects the municipality. Grassland fires encroaching into forested areas, timber poaching, unmanaged land cattle grazing, hillside farming and erosion are also occurring in the area. The Vulnerability Capacity Assessment conducted by the Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council in December 2015 showed the number of families that

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are at risk and vulnerable to disasters (as shown in Table 11). Among these are flood, landslide and storm surges. The areas that are identified vulnerable to floods are Sto. Niño, Sagrada, Old Busuanga and Cheey- areas with high percentage of household located along the coastlines. The areas that are vulnerable to landslides are Barangay Sto. Niño, Salvacion and Buluang, for these areas are located near the mountain range. In the occurrence of storm surges, all the barangays are projected to be affected due to its natural geographical location. The municipality of Busuanga, being an island municipality makes it more prone and vulnerable to coastal-related or induced disasters such as flooding and storm surge.

Table 11. Vulnerability to Hazards and Number of Families at Risk per Barangay. Barangay NSO Number Hazard (per disaster) Number of Families at Risk Populatio Of (per disaster) n (2010) Familie Flood Rain- Storm Flood Rain- Stor s at risk Induced Surge Hazard Induced m Landslid Landslide Surge e Sto. Nino 1, 282 30   25 5 Concepcion 1, 698 48  48 Sagrada 1, 083 70   39 31 Bogtong 782 70  70 Salvacion 2,795 35   6 29 Old 915 51   13 36 Busuanga San Rafael 677 20  20 New 1,519 30  30 Busuanga Buluang 2,450 126   12 104 Quezon 957 22  22 Cheey 2,418 98   8 90 San Isidro 1,040 40  20 Panlaitan 2,757 215  215 Maglalamba 1,383 65  65 y Source: MDRRMO

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It is seen that 780 families that are vulnerable to disasters (flood, rain-induced landslides and storm surges). Brgy. Sto Nino is the most affected during floods since out of the 30 families in the area, 25 are likely to be affected. Meanwhile, Barangays of Concepcion, Bogtong, San Rafael, New Busuanga, Panlaitan, and Maglalambay are barangays which are completely at risk to storm surges. All of the families residing in these barangays are found vulnerable to this hazard. Factors justifying the vulnerability of these barangays can be accounted to proximity to coastal areas and topography as island barangays. It can also be deduced that presence of mangroves in these barangays may have key roles in strengthening the capacity of the barangays to counter their vulnerability to storm surges. Table 12. Number of Evacuation Centers and Capacity per Barangay in the Municipality of Busuanga NSO Evacuation Center Number Populati Number Capacity Barangay of on of Location (No. of Families (2010) Centers Families) Sto. Niño 1, 282 30 4 Brgy. Hall / Elem 60 School Concepcion 1, 698 48 12 Brgy. Hall / Elem/High 158 School Sagrada 1, 083 70 5 Brgy. Hall / Elem 67 School Bogtong 782 70 3 Brgy. Hall / Elem 42 Salvacion 2,795 35 18 Brgy. Hall / Elem/WPU/ 225 High School/ LGU Old 915 51 6 Brgy.Hall/Elem/ Multi- 65 Busuanga purpose Hall/ Elem San Rafael 677 20 4 Brgy. Hall / Elem 60 New 1,519 30 7 Brgy. Hall / Elem/High 92 Busuanga School Buluang 2,450 126 4 Brgy. Hall / Elem 60 Quezon 957 22 4 Brgy. Hall / Elem 60 Cheey 2,418 98 8 Brgy. Hall / Elem/High 95 School San Isidro 1,040 40 4 Brgy. Hall / Elem 60 Panlaitan 2,757 215 11 Elem / High School 133 Maglalambay 1,383 65 4 Brgy. Hall / Elem 60 Source: Vulnerability Capacity Assessment of Busuanga, 2015

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Most of the evacuation centers in the municipality are Barangay Halls and Schools. Although all the barangays in the Municipality of Busuanga have designated areas for evacuation, there are few barangays wherein capacities of the evacuation buildings are not enough to cater the number of families present in the area. These include: Maglalambay, Panlaitan, Cheey and Buluang. Table 12 shows the capacity and number of evacuation centers per barangay in the Municipality. The municipality is also trying to mainstream DRR in their barangay development plans. Every barangay has adopted a Disaster Risk Reduction Management Plan and on- going contingency plans for tropical cyclones. Also, a DRRM officer was appointed and an emergency operations center was designated in every barangay.

1.15. ECAN Zones

PCSD Resolution Nos. 99-144 and 94-44 were followed in identifying the ECAN Zones in the Municipality of Busuanga. All the barangays have adopted the ECAN Zones and its regulatory fucntions.

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Figure 9. ECAN Map of Busuanga Table 13 shows the breakdown of ECAN Zones in Busuanga, Palawan. Accordingly, almost one-fourth of the total land area of the Municipality of Busuanga is identified as core and restricted use zone. This implies that the area is still rich in terms of their natural resources and biodiversity. On the other hand, there is almost an equal distribution of Multiple Use Zone and other zones. This indicates proper ECAN zoning which is expected to help the municipality in their future development plans. In particular, 45% of its total land area designated for multiple use indicate more opportunities for Page | 36

physical and socio- economic growth for development; vast brushland, grasslands and idle lands which remain to be tapped provide potentials for other productive and development activities; while remaining areas of limestone forests and other types of forest and marine/coastal reserve signify strict conservation and protection initiatives.

Table 13. Municipal Breakdown of ECAN Zones ECAN Zone Area (Ha) Percentage (%) Core Zone 7, 423 16.7 Core Zone (Protected Area) 3, 667 8.2 Restricted use zone 3, 098 7.0 Controlled use zone 5, 932 13.3 Traditional Use Zone 3, 767 8.5 Multiple use zone 19,544 43.9 Coastal Multiple Zone: Buffer (Islands) 170 0.4 Coastal Multiple Use Zone : Sustainable use Islands 1,108 2.1 Total 44, 539 100.0 *The ECAN zones map was processed based on the most recent amended guidelines on mapping and delineation, the PCSD Resolution No. 05-250 (as of 2006)

Barangays that have the highest percentage of core zone relative to the total municipal area include Cheey (3.7%), San Rafael (3.05%), Old Busuanga (2.7%) and Salvacion (2.2%). For the Multiple Use Zone, the following barangays has the highest percentages; Cheey with 9.6%, New Busuanga and Sagrada with 4.9%. Meanwhile, Cheey also has the highest percentage of restricted use zone (2.6%) while Maglalambay and San Rafael has none. The same with the controlled use zone, Cheey also registered the biggest percentage. Furthermore, Calauit Island, found near Barangay Quezon and Barangay Buluang, is classified as a protected area. This depicts that the area is rich in natural resources such as mangroves, forest and biodiversity.

1.16. Existing Ancestral Domains

Figure 10 below shows the resource map of Busuanga indicating areas with CADT. As shown in the map, Barangay Panlaitan and Barangay San Isidro were areas of the municipality having ancestral domain claims. The total area for all the CADT area in the Municipality of Busuanga is approximately 21, 000 hectares.

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Figure 10. Busuanga Resource Map showing areas with CADT

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2. Social and Population

2.1. Population Size and Growth Rate The Municipality of Busuanga, Palawan has an actual population of 21,358 as of 2010 with a 2,292 increase in population from 19,066 in2007 with an annual growth rate of 3.856%. By year 2020, the total population is projected to be 31,199 and 37,673 by the year 2025. Among the barangays in the Municipality, Panlaitan, which is one of the rural barangays, has the highest population with 3,509, followed by Salvacion, with 2,515 and by Buluang with 2, 346. Table 8 shows the actual and estimated population of Busuanga, Palawan. Majority of the population of Busuanga reside within the Multiple Use Zone where most of the resources are accessible. Meanwhile, Barangay Panlaitan’s population is located within the multiple use zone, restricted use, controlled use area and coastal core zones of the barangay, as these zones make up the entire geography of the barangay. Accessible resources are present in these zones. Several households have small commercial establishments that satisfy the needs of the residents. It can also be noted that fishing is one of the main source of livelihood in the barangay since it is surrounded by water where diverse species of fish can be found.

Table 14. Actual Number of Population and Estimated Population of Busuanga Municipality. Barangay Actual Population Projected Population 2007 2010 2020 2025 URBAN BARANGAYS 4,154 4,849 6,794 8,208 Salvacion 2,225 2,515 3,639 4,396 NewBusuanga (Pob.) 1,183 1,455 1,935 2,338 Old Busuanga 746 879 1,220 1,474 RURAL BARANGAYS 14,912 16,509 24,405 29,465 Panlaitan 3,180 3,509 5,200 6,283 Buluang 2,069 2,346 3,384 4,088 Cheey 1,994 1,990 3,260 3,940 Concepcion 1,300 1,761 2,126 2,569 Maglalambay 1,189 1,227 1,944 2,349 Sto Nino 1,122 1,201 1,835 2,217 Sagrada 1,088 1,018 1,799 2,150 San Isidro 966 947 1,580 1,909 Quezon 594 943 971 1,174 Bogtong 877 888 1,434 1,733 San Rafael 533 679 872 1,053 TOTAL 19,066 21,358 31,199 37,673

2.2. Population Density As of 2010, Busuanga, Palawan has an overall population density of 0.48. It had increased by 0.05 from 2007 with a population density of 0.43. Among the barangays, Page | 39

Panlaitan has the highest population density with 13.61. This island barangay has a high actual population but has a small land area of 257.8 hectares only. It is followed by Maglalambay with a population density of 2.78, and San Isidro with 1.95. On the other hand, Cheey has the lowest population density in the municipality with 0.15, yet it has the largest land area with 13, 179.9 hectares. It is followed by Quezon with 0.17, and Sagrada and San Rafael with 0.29. Dense population is present in areas where controlled use areas, restricted use areas, coastal marine zones and multiple use zones thrive. Meanwhile low population density is observed in areas where core zones and traditional use areas are present.

2.3. Urban Rural Distribution Table 15 shows the actual and projected population of urban and rural barangays in the municipality.

Table 15. Actual and Projected Population Density of Busuanga Municipality Projected Land Actual Population Density Population Barangay Area Density (ha) 2007* Density 2010* Density 2020 Density URBAN 8,902.20 4,154 0.46 4,849 0.54 6,794 0.76 BARANGAYS Salvacion 3,035.20 2,225 0.73 2,515 0.83 3,639 1.2 New Busuanga 3,328.60 1,183 0.36 1,455 0.44 1,935 0.58 (Pob.) Old Busuanga 2,538.40 746 0.29 879 0.35 1,220 0.48 RURAL 35,636.50 14,912 0.42 16,499 0.46 24,405 0.68 BARANGAYS Panlaitan 257.8 3,180 12.34 3,509 13.61 5,200 20.17 Buluang 1,991.00 2,069 1.04 2,346 1.18 3,384 1.7 Cheey 13,179.90 1,994 0.15 1,990 0.15 3,260 0.25 Concepcion 1,546.10 1,300 0.84 1,761 1.14 2,126 1.38 Maglalambay 442 1,189 2.69 1,227 2.78 1,944 4.4 Sto Nino 3,313.60 1,122 0.34 1,201 0.36 1,835 0.55 Sagrada 3,568.70 1,088 0.3 1,018 0.29 1,799 0.5 San Isidro 485.8 966 1.99 947 1.95 1,580 3.25 Quezon 5,529.30 594 0.11 943 0.17 971 0.18 Bogtong 2,977.30 877 0.29 888 0.3 1,434 0.48 San Rafael 2,345.00 533 0.23 679 0.29 872 0.37 Total 44,538.70 19,066 0.43 21,358 0.48 31,199 0.7 Source: NSO SSource: NSO, 2010 Table 15 shows the actual and projected population of urban and rural barangays in the municipality. Out of the 21, 358 population of Busuanga, 4, 489 or 22.70% is residing at the urban barangays while the remaining 77.30% are at the rural barangays. This is because most of the job and livelihood opportunities in the municipality are at the island

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barangays where fishing thrives and tourist destinations, though needs proper management, are located. The Urban barangays, namely, Salvacion, New Busuanga, and Old Busuanga share more than a fourth of the municipality’s population. They are considered as urban barangays because according to the NSO’s definition of urban space, a central district should have the following: street pattern, at least 6 establishments (commercial, manufacturing, recreation and/or personal services), and at least 3 of the following: town hall, church or chapel with religious service at least once a month; public plaza, park or cemetery; market place or building were trading activities are carried on at least once a week; and a public building. It is also where most of the economic activities are found. Some rural barangays share a high percentage of the population as well. However, it can be noted that urban barangays have a higher population distribution than the rural barangays since most of the household needs can be accessed in the former.

2.4. Housing

Tenural Status Rent houses/rooms including lot is the top tenural status in Busuanga, Palawan. This shows that most households, including tourists, do not have their own land, thus rent houses/rooms for accomodations. In accordance with this figure, data from MPDO also indicate that owned houses with rent-free lot with consent from the owner is one of the top tenural status in the municipality. Table 16 shows the household tenural status in Busuanga Palawan.

Table 16. Tenural Status by Households in Busuanga, Palawan Tenure Status Number of Households Rent house/room including lot 2,232 Own house, rent lot 55 Own house, rent-free lot without consent of owner 71 Own house, rent-free lot with consent of owner 110 Own house, rent-free lot without consent of owner 86 Rent-free house and lot with consent of owner 185 Rent-free house without consent of owner 20 Living in a public space with rent 19 Living in a public space without rent 355 Other tenure status 100 Source: MPDO, 2014

2.5. Age Distribution Based on the 2010 total population, majority of the total population in Busuanga, Palawan are composed of the younger population. The age structure of Busuanga (Figure 11) illustrates that of the Philippine population structure. Its broad base reflects a large number of young population while its narrow tip shows a very small number of

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elderly.With a large number of young population, human resources will be reinforced, satisfying the need of the municipality for more manpower.

80 and over

70 – 74

60 – 64

50 – 54

40 – 44

30 – 34

20 – 24

10 – 14

Under 5 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 1000 1500

Male Female Figure 11. Age-Sex Distribution of the Municipality of Busuanga based on 2010 Census

2.6. Dependency Ratio The population of 15 years old and over is considered to be the economically active population. They can be classified as either employed or unemployed. Using the 2010 Census of Population by the NSO, the child and old age dependency ratios were identified. As of 2010, there is a total of 12, 768 people who are in the working age group and a total of 8,580 dependents over these working age group. The child dependency ratio is 0.61. This means that for every one productive individual, approximately 1 child depends on him/ her. As for the old age, 0.06 or approximately 1 elderly is dependent for every one productive individual. This would mean that the old population would not require much dependency among the productive individuals, thus giving them less burden for acquiring their needs.Table 17 shows the computed dependency ratio of the municipality in 2010.

Table 17. Computed Dependency Ratio of Busuanga Municipality Categories 2010 Percent Share

0 – 14 7,816 36.61 65 and over 764 3.58 Total Dependents 8,580 40.19 15 – 64 12,768 59.81 Total Working Age Group 12,768 59.81 Total Population 21,348 100.00

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2.7. Status of Well-Being

Health and Personnel Facilities Given the number of health personnel in the municipality (as shown in Table 18), the need for more health personnel arises according to the standardized number of health workers who must administer the provision of health services. There is also a need to establish more health facilities to cater the needs of the people who might need medical assistance. The nearest hospital from the municipality is the Coron District Hospital which is more than 20 kilometers away from the town proper.

Table 18. Distribution and Ratio to Population of Health Personnel Designation Male Female Physicians / Doctors 1 0 Dentists 1 0 Nurses 0 2 Midwives 1 8 Medical Technologists 0 0 Sanitary Engineers 0 0 Sanitary Inspectors 1 0 Nutritionists 0 0 Active BHWs 1 105 Source: Municipal Health Office 2013 Ten Leading Causes of Morbidity and Mortality In 2014, the top three leading causes of death were Acute Respiratory Infection with 2, 661 cases followed by Diarrhea with 378 cases, and Wounds of all types with 372 cases (Municipal Health Office, 2014). Comparing the municipality’s list of causes of morbidity with the national records, Acute Respiratory Infection ranked first as well, but was followed by different diseases except Urinary Tract Infection which have ranked tenth as shown in the table below.

Table 19. Ten Leading Causes of Mortality Causes All Ages Male Female 1. ARI/UTI 2661 1153 1508 2. Age / Diarrhea 378 195 183 3. Wounds (all types) 372 244 128 4. Multiple Injuries 161 97 64 5. Acute Gastritis 127 53 74 6. Bronchial Asthma 101 41 60 7. Hypertension 88 46 42 8. Animal Bite 70 38 32 9. Pulmonary 66 47 19 Tuberculosis 66 23 43 10. Urinary Tract Infection

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Source: Municipal Health Office, 2014

Meanwhile, as shown in Table 20, the top three causes of mortality include Fatal Arrhythmia with 9 cases, Prematurity with 6cases, and Pulmonary Tuberculosis with 6 cases. On the other side, at the national level, top ten leading causes of mortality in years, 2008, 2009, and 2010 include diseases of the heart, Cerebrovascular diseases, malignant neoplasms, Pneumonia, tuberculosis, chronic lower respiratory diseases, Diabetes Milletus, assault, pregnancy related causes (perinatal period), nephritis, nephritic syndrome, and nephrosis, respectively (National Statistics Office, 2012).

Table 20. Ten Leading Causes of Morbidity All Causes Male Female Ages 1. Fatal Arrhythmia 9 5 4 2. Prematurity 6 3 3

3. Pulmonary Tuberculosis 6 5 1

4. Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage 3 2 1 5. Septic Shock 3 2 1

6. Sepsis 3 1 2

7. Pneumonia 3 2 1

8. Hypovolemic Shock Secondary to 2 2 0 Multiple Stab Wound

9. Cerebrovascular Accident 2 1 1

10. Pulmonary Embolism 2 2 0 Source: Municipal Health Office, 2014

Nutritional Status In 2015, the municipality of Busuanga had maintained low level of malnourishment among preschool children (see Table 21). Since the RHU of Busuanga have strengthened programs for infant and childcare, relatively the larger bulk of the total population of pre- school children in Busuanga have not been categorized on other levels of malnourishment. From the 3,051 total preschoolers, 87.12% or 2, 658 of them have normal weights, 10.19% or 311 are identified as underweight, 2.39% or 73 are severely underweight, and 0.33% or 10 are identified as overweight.

Table 21 Malnourishment Levels of Preschool Children by Percent and Total Weights Pre-School (PS) Children (0-5 years old) 2015 Total PS Population 3,051 Total PS Weighed 3,051 Percent Population Weighed 100% Total Identified PS with Normal Weight 2,658 Percent Identified PS with Normal Weight 87.12% Total Identified Underweight PS 311 Percent Identified Underweight PS 10.19%

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Pre-School (PS) Children (0-5 years old) 2015 Total Identified Severely Underweight PS 73 Percent Identified Severely Underweight PS 2.39% Total Identified Overweight PS 10 Percent Identified Overweight PS 0.33% Source: Municipal Health Office, 2014 Live Births, Deaths, Rate of Natural Increase, Infant Deaths and Maternal Deaths In the year 2014, the estimated population according to the Municipal Health Office was 23,793 with 436 recorded live births, 90 deaths, 13 infant deaths, and 1 maternal death. The municipality of Busuanga has a Crude Birth Rate of 18.32, it means that for every 1000 population, approximately 18 births have been delivered. The Crude Death Rate, on the other hand is 3.78 which means that there are about 3 to 4 deaths for every 1000 population. The Rate of Natural Increase is the rate of the increase of population in a municipality and is computed by getting the difference between the Crude Birth Rate and Crude Death Rate. Busuanga’s Rate of Natural Increase is 14.54. It means that there is an increase by 14 to 15 in the population for every 1,000 people. Moreover, Busuanga’s infant mortality rate is 0.55 and its maternal mortality rate is 0.04. With the rate of natural increase and the low Crude Death Rate, the municipality’s population will continue to increase in number.

Family Planning Services According to the FHSIS (Field Health Service Information System) Report of Busuanga, Palawan (2014), different family planning methods were adopted by a number of residents in the municipality. As of 2014, the top three family planning methods used in Busuanga are pills, female sterilizers, and Natural Family Planning- Lactational Amenorrhea Method or NFP-LAM. There is a total of 533 users of pills, 405 users of female sterilizers, and 263 users of NFP-LAM. Among others, the residents of Busuanga also use injectables (95), male sterilizers (16), condoms (25), Natural Family Planning Method- Standard Days Method or NFP-SDM (5) and Intrauterine Devices or IUDs (95). It can be seen that still few number use family planning methods, as these are reflected on the municipality’s large portion of the young population.

2.8. Education

Literacy More than half of Busuanga’s population are literate or has the ability to read and write. From 2014’s total population of people whose age are 10 years and above, 97.78% or 13, 704 are literate. It can also be noted that there are more literate men than women in Busuanga, Palawan since their population is higher than those of the women. Panlaitan and Maglalambay have the highest literacy rate in Busuanga with 99.35 % or 1,993 and 919 respectively. From the data gathered, it can be implied that the presence of elementary and secondary schools in the barangays plays a huge role in achieving high literacy rate in the municipality. Table 22 shows the literacy rate in the Busuanga, Palawan. Page | 45

Table 22. Literacy Rate of Municipality of Busuanga per Barangay. Population 10 Literacy Barangay yearsold and above Total % Male % Female % Bogtong 586 572 97.61 301 51.37 271 46.25 Buluang 1634 1578 96.57 853 52.2 725 44.37 Cheey 1347 1315 97.62 680 50.48 635 47.14 Concepcion 1043 1000 95.88 509 48.8 491 47.08 Maglalambay 925 919 99.35 486 52.54 433 46.81 New Busuanga 964 952 98.76 484 50.21 468 48.55 Old Busuanga 568 557 98.06 293 51.58 264 46.48 Panlaitan 2006 1993 99.35 1070 53.34 923 46.01 Quezon 666 641 96.25 322 48.35 319 47.9 Sagrada 761 737 96.85 384 50.46 353 46.39 Salvacion 1417 1399 98.73 699 49.33 700 49.4 San Isidro 760 727 95.66 390 51.32 337 44.34 San Rafael 434 428 98.62 218 50.23 210 48.39 Santo Niño 904 886 98.01 484 53.54 402 44.47 7, Total 14, 015 13, 704 97.78 51.18 6, 531 46.6 173 Source: CBMS, 2014

School-age Population and participation Rate Busuanga has fifteen (15) public elementary schools and one (1) private elementary school. The schools cater from Day Care Centers, Kinder, Prep, and Grades 1-6. From the data gathered it can be seen that a big portion of elementary school aged population or 88.91% are attending elementary school. The top three barangays who have the highest participation rate are Panlaitan, San Rafael, and Maglalambay. It can also be seen that for the whole municipality of Busuanga, men are more likely to attend Elementary School than women since they are up by 5.55% in terms of their participation rate. Table 22 shows population ages 6- 12 years old who are attending elementary school. Table 23 shows population ages 6- 12 years old who are attending elementary school. Table 23. Attending Elementary School and Participation Rate 6-12 Years Attending Elementary School (6-12yrs. old) Barangay Population Total % Male % Female % Bogtong 117 103 88.03 53 45.3 50 42.74 Buluang 363 327 90.08 172 47.38 155 42.7 Cheey 302 265 87.75 138 45.7 127 42.05 Concepcion 260 212 81.54 113 43.46 99 38.08 Maglalambay 223 201 90.13 114 51.12 87 39.01 New Busuanga 163 146 89.57 89 54.6 57 34.97 Old Busuanga 94 84 89.36 46 48.94 38 40.43 Panlaitan 422 398 94.31 205 48.58 193 45.73 Quezon 129 115 89.15 50 38.76 65 50.39 Sagrada 153 130 84.97 73 47.71 57 37.25 Page | 46

6-12 Years Attending Elementary School (6-12yrs. old) Barangay Population Total % Male % Female % Salvacion 243 212 87.24 125 51.44 87 35.8 San Isidro 154 138 89.61 74 48.05 64 41.56 San Rafael 77 71 92.21 37 48.05 34 44.16 Santo Niño 167 147 88.02 65 38.92 82 49.1 Total 2, 867 2, 549 88.91 1, 354 47.23 1,195 41.68 Source: CBMS, 2014

At the secondary level, it can be observed that 1, 054 out of the 1, 812 or 58.17% aged population attend secondary school. The attending secondary school population is less than that of the attending elementary school population. A possible reason for such is that some of them are working to earn income and fulfill the needs of their family. It is also noted that at the secondary school, there are more women than men but by a little percentage only.

Table 24. Attending Elementary School and Participation Rate 13-16 Years Attending Secondary School (13-16yrs. old) Barangay Old Population Total % Male % Female % Bogtong 88 45 51.14 20 22.73 25 28.41 Buluang 218 138 63.3 61 27.98 77 35.32 Cheey 169 78 46.15 33 19.53 45 26.63 Concepcion 140 88 62.86 48 34.29 40 28.57 Maglalambay 133 83 62.41 43 32.33 40 30.08 New Busuanga 129 63 48.84 30 23.26 33 25.58 Old Busuanga 58 40 68.97 19 32.76 21 36.21 Panlaitan 238 151 63.45 86 36.13 65 27.31 Quezon 91 53 58.24 17 18.68 36 39.56 Sagrada 107 65 60.75 36 33.64 29 27.1 Salvacion 151 107 70.86 55 36.42 52 34.44 San Isidro 101 44 43.56 20 19.8 24 23.76 San Rafael 53 27 50.94 16 30.19 11 20.75 Santo Niño 136 72 52.94 41 30.15 31 22.79 Total 1,812 1, 054 58.17 525 28.97 529 29.19 Source: CBMS, 2014 2.9. Housing

Type of Housing Units As shown in Table 25, most of the residents in Busuanga live in single house units. There are very few duplex, apartment/condominium/townhouse units in the area, which can be a factor in the progress of tourism in the municipality. Having such low units would mean few accommodations for tourists, thus would result in low probability of having an increase in the rate of tourism in the municipality.

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Table 25. Type of Housing Units present in Busuanga, Palawan Type of Housing Unit Number of Housing Units Single House 4,150 Duplex 53 Apartment/Condominium/Townhouse 27 Commercial/Industrial/Agricultural 2 Building/House Others 1 Source: CBMS, 2014

Sources of Drinking Water A major source of Busuanga’s drinking water comes from the residents’ own use of faucet through a community water system. It is the most used source of drinking water with 1,502 households using it, followed by dug well with 745 users and shared faucet through a community water system with 619 users. Some residents have access to drinking water through tubed or piped deep or shallow well and protected spring, having no assurance that the water to be used for drinking is clean and safe. However, other respondents have failed to specify their water supply.The need for clean and safe access to drinking water is also a rising need for the municipality. Table 26 shows the sources of drinking water in the municipality. Table 26. Sources of Drinking Water Source of Drinking Water Total Own use faucet, community water system 1502 Shared faucet, community water system 619 Own use tubed/piped deep well 25 Share tubed/piped deep well 345 Tubed/piped shallow well 16 Dug well 745 Protected Spring 538 Unprotected Spring 94 Lake, river, rain and others 332 Peddler 2 Bottled Water 10 Others 5 Source: CBMS, 2014

Types of Garbage Disposal There is no sanitary landfill present in the municipality of Busuanga. As shown in Table 27, most of the collected garbage at the household level are being burned or dumped into an open pit near their houses. Other methods of garbage disposal present in the municipality are composting, recycling, and dumped into closed pit.

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Table 27. Types of Garbage Present in Busuanga, Palawan Type of Garbage Disposal Total Collected 321 Burned 3896 Composted 447 Recycled 194 Segregated 188 Dumped to Close Pit 270 Dumped to Open Pit 948 Other Waste Management 11 Source: CBMS, 2014

2.10. Employment

Table 28 shows the employment rate in the municipality. Majority of the members of the labor force or 5,022 (91.84%) are currently employed. It can be seen that Cheey has the most employed members of the labor force with 97.12% of its labor force population, followed by Salvacion with 96.25% or 616 of its labor force members. Employment is abundant in the municipality since it promotes ecotourism, needs people to run and manage parks, resorts, and other establishments.

Table 28. Employment Rate of Busuanga, Palawan Members of the labor Employed members of the labor Force (15-64 Barangay Force (15-64 yrs old) yrs old) Total Male Female Total % Male % Female % Bogtong 268 203 65 248 92.54 194 72.39 54 20.15 Buluang 798 588 210 747 93.61 568 71.18 179 22.43 Cheey 521 429 92 506 97.12 419 80.42 87 16.7 Concepcion 442 329 113 408 92.31 313 70.81 95 21.49 Maglalambay 344 293 51 293 85.17 259 75.29 34 9.88 New 216 152 64 182 84.26 135 62.5 47 21.76 Busuanga Old 267 203 64 253 94.76 198 74.16 55 20.6 Busuanga Panlaitan 740 641 99 657 88.78 584 78.92 73 9.86 Quezon 276 208 68 239 86.59 178 64.49 61 22.1 Sagrada 246 199 47 229 93.09 185 75.2 44 17.89 Salvacion 640 458 182 616 96.25 445 69.53 171 26.72 San Isidro 131 78 53 114 87.02 72 54.96 42 32.06 San Rafael 178 139 39 158 88.76 125 70.22 33 18.54 Sto. Nino 401 314 87 372 92.77 288 71.82 84 20.95 4, Total 5, 468 1, 234 5,022 91.84 3,963 72.48 1,059 19.37 239

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2.11. Recreation and Tourism Busuanga is an abundant source of natural sceneries, white sand beaches, resorts, and sanctuaries that is worthy to be known for not only at the national level, but also on a global scale. Most of the municipality’s tourist spots are not just visited by local and international tourists, but by the people of Busuanga as well. Table 29 shows the number of tourism destinations present in Busuanga. Most of the tourist destinations present in Busuanga are islands that can be visited through boat rentals and/or through island hopping. Most of these islands and other tourist destinations are located in restricted use areas, controlled use areas, and multiple use areas, validating that the establishment of these sites are open to the public for recreation. However, some destinations are located in terrestrial and coastal core zones, where very limited activities should be done in these areas.

Table 29. Tourist Destinations in the Municipality of Busuanga Tourist Destinations Number of Sites Parks and Marine Protected Area 6 Lakes/Bays 4 Islands 16 Hot Springs 3 Mountain/Jungle Trails 8 Falls/Rivers 6 Ranch 1 Dive Areas 10 Resorts 13 Source: Municipal Profile

2.12. Protective Services

Police Personnel and Types and Volumes of Crime The Busuanga Municipal Police Station has a total of 20 police personnel and three (3) Non Uniform Personnel. The roster is composed of one (1) police inspector (PINSP), two (2) Senior Police Officer (SPO2), six (6 ) Police Officer 3 (PO3), three (3) Police Officer 2 (PO2), eight (8) Police Officer 1 (PO1), and three (3) Non Uniform Personnel (NUP). With the 2010 population of 21, 358, there is a police-population of 1:1,607. It means that for every 1 police personnel, he/she should look after 1,607 individuals to ensure the protection and security of the municipality. Comparing it to national standard of 1: 500 police- population ratio, it can be deduced that the municipality has to strengthen it’s protective service. The table below shows the type and number of crimes recorded in the municipality. For the year 2015, there have been 134 cases of crime against persons and properties as well cases resulting from reckless imprudence. Out of these cases, 123 or 91.79% have already been cleared and solved.

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Table 30. Recorded Types and Number of Crime in Busuanga, Palawan Types of Crime Cases Against Persons Homicide 1 Physical Injury 34 Rape 1 Against Property Robbery 2 Theft 2 Reckless Imprudence Resulting to (RIR) RIR Homicide RIR Physical Injury 2 2 Violation of Special Laws 8 Others 82 Total Crime Volume 134 Total Crimes Cleared/ Solved 123 Average Monthly Crime Rate 26.42% Source: Busuanga Municipal Police Station

Firefighting Personnel and Facilities The Municipal Fire Prevention Office (MFPO) is composed of one (1) Fire Officer 2, and two (2) Fire Officer 1. Each firefighting personnel has several designations and responsibilities in the MFPO, showing that there is a need for more people to administer and manage the office. It should be headed by a chief who shall be assisted by two deputy chiefs, one for administration and one for operations, as stated in the Republic Act 9263 or the Bureau of Fire Protection and Bureau of Jail Management and Penology Professionalization Act of 2004. The facilities of the MFPO suit the needed uniform and facilities for the personnel. The facilities consist of a fire truck, two (2) fire coats, 5 (5) pairs of boots, three (3) mallets, two (2) 1.5 diameter and one (1) 2.5 diameter fire hose, and three (3) fire nozzles.

3. Economic

3.1. The primary sector

The five main crop produce of the Province of Palawan are rice, corn, cashew, coconut, and mango (PAO, 2012). Aside from food crops, oil palms and rubber plantations started in the province in 2007 and 1990 respectively in which the areas devoted for oil palms lies on the southern part of Palawan, while the first rubber plantation is situated in Barangay Quezon (PCSDS, 2015). Agriculture is one of the primary sectors which provide opportunities for employment for almost 53% of the Municipality of Busuanga (PCSDS, 2006).

Agricultural croplands

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The Municipality of Busuanga, Palawan has devoted a large portion of their lands for agriculture. Table 31. A table showing the total land area and total agricultural area of the municipality of Busuanga, Palawan Barangay Total Land Total Agricultur Percentage of Area (Ha.) al Area (Ha.) Agricultural Land Sto. Nino 3, 355.1 194.1 5.79% Concepcion 1,377.3 13.7 0.99% Sagrada 3,282.0 135.0 4.11% Bogtong 2,902.3 55.3 1.91% Salvacion 2, 947.5 115.3 3.91% Old Busuanga 2, 265.8 193.7 8.55% San Rafael 2, 336.9 41.2 1.76% New Busuanga 3, 150.4 147.3 4.68% Buluang 1, 950.0 124.2 6.37% Quezon 1765.0 113.4 6.42% Cheey 13, 117.1 530.0 4.04% San isidro 427.5 1.6 0.37% Panlaitan 220.4 0.5 0.23% Maglalambay 409.8 0.9 0.22% Total 42, 681.6 1, 773.3 49.35% Source: PCSD, MAO Cheey has the largest area devoted for agricultural production measuring 530 hectares. The large area of the multiple use zone can be attributed to the lands devoted for agricultural production. Thus, this is the reason why Cheey contributes a large portion in the agricultural production of the municipality of Busuanga, Palawan.

Agricultural Crops The Municipality of Busuanga, have the following crops produced: rice, corn, mango, banana, coconut, cassava, kamote, and ube. However, though there are production of these various crops, there are still times that the municipality resort to importation to satisfy their demand. The major agricultural crops produced in the municipality are rice and corn. At the provincial level, the increase in the production of agricultural crops can be attributed to additional areas devoted for agriculture (from 94, 749 ha in 1990 to 210, 766 ha in 2013 (PSA, 2015)).

Table 32. Rice production per barangay of the municipality of Busuanga, Palawan Barangay Harvest Area (Ha) Production (MT) 1. Cheey 1275.75 548.68 2. Sto. Niño 52.25 153.4 3. Buluang 45.25 137.1 Source: MAO, 2011

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Table 32 above shows data on rice production by the different barangays. According to the Municipal Agricultural Office (MAO), a total of 10 barangays are into rice production: Bogtong, Buluang, Cheey, New Busuanga, Old Busuanga, Quezon, Sagrada, Salvacion, San Rafael, and Sto. Niño. Among these, the top three producers of rice (rainfed and irrigated) are Cheey (548.68 MT), Sto. Niño (153.4 MT), and Buluang (147.1 MT) respectively, during the wet season (March to September) of 2011. Illustrated in the ECAN map updated last 2006, it can be observed that in Barangay Cheey, the multiple use zone comprises a big portion, these includes areas devoted for agriculture. Therefore, the rice production data produced is valid.

Table 33. Corn production in the municipality for the year 2011. Barangay Harvest Area (Ha) Production (MT) 1. Quezon 8.6 9.7 2.New Busuanga 7.5 7.55 3. Cheey 7.25 6.8 Source: MAO, 2011.

According to the data on corn production of the municipality obtained from the MAO, there are 10 barangays that are into corn production. These barangays include the following: Bogtong, Buluang, Cheey, New Busuanga, Old Busuanga, Quezon, Sagrada, Salvacion, San Rafael, and Sto. Niño.The top three barangays that produce corn (yellow and white) are Quezon (9.7 MT), New Busuanga (7.55 MT), and Cheey (6.8 MT) respectively for the year 2011 (see Table 33). From the ECAN map updated in 2006, it can be observed that a large portion of the Barangay Quezon is a multiple use zone (974.5 ha), and that 113.4 hectares of this is devoted for crop production, explaining the reasonable amount of agricultural produce. According to MAO, the municipality does not import corn in order to sustain production. Unlike other municipalities, corn is only used for food consumption, and production is still small scale. There is also a need in technologies in such a way that the crop may also be processed into feeds (livestock and poultry). Another source of livelihood opportunities for the Municipality related to agriculture is fruit production. Sample data on fruit produce obtained from MAO include mango, banana, and coconut. Cheey, having the largest area of all the barangays, also has the largest multiple use zone (4, 293.8 ha) and explains the opportunities for higher agricultural produce which includes fruit production (PCSDS, 2006). All of the 14 barangays in the municipality are involved in fruit vegetable and leafy vegetable production. The area of multiple use zone in Old Busuanga comprises of 720.9 ha, while the agricultural area measures a total of 193.7 ha, which explains the barangay’s potential for large fruit vegetable production (PCSDS, 2006). Table 34 shows the barangays in the municipality with highest fruit production. On the other hand, as shown in Table 35, Sto. Niñohas the highest production of leafy vegetables and leguminous vegetables, while Old Busuanga has the highest production of fruit vegetables. Sto. Niño has a total area delineated under multiple use zone of 2, 980.5 ha in which areas devoted for agricultural production comprises 194.1 ha (PCSDS, 2006). Based on the interviews conducted, it was known that although the

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Municipality have lands devoted for agriculture, some vegetable products are exported to the municipality of Coron such as eggplant, squash, okra and sitaw.

Table 34. Production and top producers of mango, banana, and coconut in the municipality for 2011. Mango Banana Coconut Total Total Total Total Total Total Barang area Barang area Barang area producti producti producti ay harvest ay harvest ay harvest on (MT) on (MT) on (MT) ed (Ha) ed (Ha) ed (Ha) 1. 3.0 60 1. 5.0 60 1. San 5.0 3.5 Cheey Cheey Rafael 2. 1.0 9.7 2. San 2.0 25 2. 3.0 3 Sagrada Rafael Cheey 3. 3.0 7.55 3. 2.0 24 3. New 2.5 3 Salvaci Salvaci Busuan on on ga Source: MAO, 2011

Table 35. A table showing the vegetable production of the municipality in 2011 Fruit vegetables Leafy vegetables Leguminous vegetables Total Total Total Total Total Total Barang area Barang area Baranga area producti producti producti ay harvest ay harvest y harvest on (MT) on (MT) on (MT) ed (Ha) ed (Ha) ed (Ha) 1. Old 2.0 15 1. Sto. 4 20 1. Sto. 1.5 7.5 Busuan Niño Niño ga 2. Sto. 2.0 15 2. Old 1 7.5 2.Bulua 1 5 Niño Busuan ng ga 3. New 2.0 7.5 3. 1 5.0 3. San 0.5 3 Busuan Buluan Rafael ga g 3. 1 7.5 3. 1 5.0 Cheey Sagrada Source: MAO, 2011.

Table 36. A table showing the cassava production of the municipality in 2011. Barangay Total area harvested (Ha) Total production (MT) 1.Quezon 5.6 364 2.Cheey 4.8 336 3.New Busuanga 4.25 297.5 Source: MAO, 2011.

According to the data obtained from the MAO, 11 barangays are into root crop production where cassava as the major produced. As shown in Table 36, the top three barangays with the highest cassava production are Quezon (364 MT), Cheey (336 MT), and New Busuanga (297.5 MT). Other root crops produced in the municipality include kamote and ube but there is no significant production data on these.

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Meanwhile, overall, a total of 12 farmer associations are found in the Municipality. Through these farmer associations, technologies (farming facilities such as tractors, thresher) from the national and local government are distributed. The use of these technologies (production and postharvest) helps improve current status of the Municipality regarding crop production. Provision of adequate farming technologies can improve the situation of the Municipality’s agriculture potential through the increase in crop yield. Increase in crop yield would mean a direct relationship in the per capita income of the farmers, and therefore translate to better standard of living. Table 37 shows the list of farmer associations registered in Busuanga, Palawan.

Table 37. List of the registered farmer associations in the municipality of Busuanga Name Barangay 1. Obsong Farmer’s Association Old Busuanga 2. Organikong Masagana Association Sagrada 3. Masaganang Samahan ng mga Magsasaka Old Busuanga 4. Organikong Maggugulay Association Salvacion 5. New Busuanga Corn Association New Busuanga 6. Agro-Fishery Livestock Production Quezon 7. Samahang Walang Tanggihan Bogtong 8. Cheey Famers Associatiom Cheey 9. Vegetable Growers Association New Busuanga 10. Ocam-Ocam Farmers Association Cheey 11. Samahan ng Magsasaka ng Quezon Cheey 12. San Rafael Integrated Farming Farmers’ Association San Rafael Source: MAO, 2015

Livestock and poultry: Number and volume of production by type of livestock and poultry Aside from crop production, livestock production and poultry farming is another source of livelihood in the community. In the context of the municipality, these animals are raised in the household level (in their own backyard) (Busuanga SEP, 2014). The following are the common animals raised: carabao, cattle, swine, and horse. The poultry animals on the other hand include chicken and duck. According to the data from the MAO, 11 barangays are into livestock production. Palawan’s livestock production in 2013 was declared to be 31,764 MT which is composed mainly of carabao, cattle, hog, and chickens (PSA, 2015). The province’s hog industry has attained the highest volume of production; from 2010 to 2013, there was an increase from 26, 950 MT to 31, 764 MT (PSA, 2015). Livestock and poultry production in the municipality are still small scale, and there are times when they import from the neighboring municipality of Coron. Table 39 shows distribution of livestock populations in different barangays of the municipality of Busuanga in the late 2012. Moreover, according to the data obtained from the MAO, another source of livelihood in the Municipality is poultry farming. However, unlike other poultry farms, the municipality raises chickens in their backyard. There are 11 barangays who are into chicken raising: Bogtong, Buluang, Cheey, Concepcion, New Busuanga, New Quezon, Old Busuanga, Sagrada, Salvacion, Sto Niño, and San Rafael; and the top three producers are Page | 55

the following: Cheey (1600), New Busuanga (1580), and Salvacion (750). The table below shows chicken populations in the top three barangays with highest poultry production in 2012. Table 38. Chicken populations in the top three barangays with the highest produce in 2012. Barangay Total (Quantity) 1. Cheey 1600 2. New Busuanga 1580 3. Salvacion 750 Source: MAO, 2012

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Table 39. Distribution of carabao, cattle, swine, horse, and goat populations in the different barangays in 2012. Carabao Cattle Swine Horse Goat Barangay Total Barangay Total Barangay Total Barangay Total Barangay Total (Quantity) (Quantity) (Quantity) (Quantity) (Quantity) 1. Cheey 100 1. New 643 1. Cheey 539 1. Sagrada 15 1. Quezon 350 Busuanga 2. New 66 2.Cheey 284 2.Salvacion 250 2.New 13 2. Cheey 302 Busuanga Busuanga 3. Salvacion 50 3. Sagrada 200 3. Sto. Niño 200 3. Sto. 10 3. New 255 Niño Busuanga Source: MAO, 2012.

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Fisheries: Municipal fisheries According to the data obtained from the MAO, all of the 14 barangays in the municipality are engaged in fishing as one of their major source of livelihood. The top three barangays that have the highest fisheries production are: Panlaitan (135 MT), Buluang (125 MT), and Maglalambay (123 MT).

Table 40. Fish production in the municipal waters of Busuanga, Palawan. Barangay Total production (MT) 1. Panlaitan 135 2. Buluan 125 3. Malalambay 123 Source: MAO, 2011

One problem discovered by the team through the conduct of interviews is the encroachment of commercial fishing vessels in Busuanga’s municipal waters. It inflicts competition to the small fisherfolks of the community because these large vessels also make use of large nets for catching fish. When these vessels catch fish in the mid sea, tendencies are less volume of fish will be caught by the small fishermen because a large volume has already been caught. A total of 12 registered fisherfolk associations are located in the Municipality (see Table 41). From the 14 barangays, only 10 have at least one registered fisherfolk association. According to the fisherfolks, one of the tasks of their associations is the protection of the Municipality’s marine resources through the establishment of a monitoring mechanism most commonly known as “bantay-dagat”. Members of these associations take shift work in fulfilling the responsibility of protecting their barangay boundaries, but their lives are often threatened by their work (monitoring violators in the Municipal waters).

Table 41. List of registered fisherfolk associations in the Municipality of Palawan. Name Barangay 1. San Isidro Fisherfolks Association San Isidro 2. Samahan ng Kababaihan Surigao Panlaitan Association Panlaitan 3. Busuanga Flasdep Corp. Old Busuanga 4. Concepcion Fisherfolks’ Association Concepcion 5. Salvacion Small Fisherman Association New Busuanga 6. Samahan ng Mangingisda ng Bgy. Bogtong Bogtong 7. Daiat Seaweeds Farmer Association Cheey 8. Samahan ng mga Mangingisda Salvacion 9. Ocam-Ocam Agro Fisheries Association New Busuanga 10. Samahan ng mga Magsasaka, Mangingisda, Magtatambalang Buluang 11. Maglalambay Aqua culture Association Maglalambay 12. Amaha and Alito Seaweed Farmers Association Cheey Source: MAO, 2011 Page | 58

Agricultural support facilities: Production support facilities and Post-harvest facilities According to the primary data gathered through Key Informant Interview (KII), the technologies available to aid the farmers in crop production and postharvest, are the following: mini tractors (7), thresher (3), four wheel tractor, Community-based composting facility, flatbed dryer, rice mills, communal irrigation system (3). Some of these facilities were provided by the national government and were given to farmer associations for them to manage. A problem regarding the request of these farming technologies relayed to the practicum team was that the delivery of some of these was delayed for almost a year. Delay of these machineries could result to negative effects to the community such as decrease in crop yield that could lead to the decrease in the farmers’ monthly income.

3.2. The Secondary sector

Mining and Quarrying As of 2016, according to the data obtained from the Licensing Office and Key Informant Interview (KII), there is no occurrence of mining activities in the Municipality. However, there are quarrying activities specifically located in Cheey and Salvacion. Permits are issued by the municipality to legally perform the quarrying activities.

Gas When it comes to the supply of gas in the Municipality, retail stores are usually the source of the community. These are sourced out from the neighboring Municipality within the island of Busuanga, Coron, and from Manila.

3.3. Tertiary sector

Wholesale and retail trade According to the data obtained from the Licensing Office, here is the list of the following registered wholesale and retail trade in the municipality in 2015: small retail store, dealer of dry goods, general merchandise, gasoline retail store, Yakult dealer, poultry feeds dealer, octopus dealer, MSK closet dealer, rice retailer, fish dealer, motorcycle dealer, hog dealer, school supplies store, dealer of nipa and sawali, charcoal dealer, gravel and sand dealer, and dealer of sea cucumber. The following establishments are distributed among the 14 barangays of the Municipality. The consumer goods distributed are usually sourced out from the neighboring Municipality of Coron, or from Manila and Baguio.

Personal services The registered services present in the Municipality of Busuanga as of 2015 obtained from the Licensing Office are restaurants, computer shops, cable TVs, billiard table, MSK table and videoke machines. Most of the services present in the Municipality are provided by dealers and these products usually come from Coron or Manila. These personal services are usually situated in the proper, Salvacion. Although a list of these services is identified, Page | 59

when it comes to investments, it does not contribute significantly to the Municipality’s economy. It remains to in development stage.

4. Infrastructure

4.1. Inventory of Roads

Through the Republic Act No. 917 enacted in 1953, roads were classified into national roads, provincial, municipality and barangay roads. All the classifications mentioned are present in the municipality. Table 42 shows the inventory of roads in the municipality.

Table 42. Inventory of Roads in Busuanga Road Surface Road Type Length Paved Unpaved Concrete (km) Gravel (km) Earthfill (KM) National 117.68 1.5 43. 5 Provincial 32.292 0.598 0.297 32.022 Municipal 5.854 3.919 1.09 0.845 Barangay 33.538 7.127 2.494 23.917 Total 189.364 13.144 3.881 100.284 Source: MPDC

Of the total length of road networks in the barangay, a total of 13.144 km are already paved while 104.165 km still has to be paved. Specifically, national roads have paved roads unpaved roads; provincial level have 0.598 km paved roads and 32.319 km unpaved roads; meanwhile at the municipal level, there are 3.919 km paved roads and 1.935 km unpaved roads; lastly, at the barangay level, there only 7.127 km paved roads and 26.411 km unpaved roads. Given the need to improve the roads in the municipality, the ongoing alliance with the provincial government of Palawan in the improvement of barangay roads, utilization of 20% Development fund of the municipality (allotted for barangay road construction and improvement), and loan approval for the improvement of barangay roads would be of help in improving road networks in the municipality. Figure 12 shows the Road Network Map of the Municipality of Busuanga.

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Figure 12. Road Network Map of Busuanga Municipality

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4.2. Inventory of Bridges

Bridges play a vital role in the transportation system since they are used as passageway to go to places. The table below shows the inventory of bridges present in the municipality, its length, and type of construction. Table 43. Inventory of National Bridges by Classification, Location, Length and Type of Construction in Busuanga, Palawan Bridge Location Type Length (LM*) Dipuiyai Bridge Brgy. Sto. Niño Bailey 36 LM Mahiralan Bridge Brgy. Concepcion RCDG 18 LM Tapiken Bridge Bgy. Sagrada RCDG 24 LM Kiwit I Bridge -do- Timber Trestle 12 LM Kiwit II Bridge -do- RCDG 18 LM Domoyog Bridge Bgy. Bogtong -do- 12 LM Bogtong Bridge -do- -do- 12 LM Busuanga Bridge Bgy.Old Busuanga Steel 100 LM

Banaba Bridge -do- RCDG 36 LM Concepcion Spillway -do- Concrete 12 LM Malabnao Bridge Bgy. San Rafael Timber Trestle 12 LM Lele Bridge Bgy. New Busuanga RCDG 24 LM New Busuanga Bridge -do- Timber Trestle 12 LM Buluang Bridge Bgy. Buluang -do- 18 LM *LM= Load Models

There are a total of 18 bridges in the municipality of Busuanga. Most of the bridges present in the municipality are classified as national bridges while 4 of which are provincial bridges. Almost all of the barangays (8) in the municipality have a bridge in the area.

4.3. Water Supply

The water system in the municipality is being run by the Salvacion Busuanga Rural Waterworks and Sanitation Association, Inc. It is the water district of the municipality located at barangay Salvacion, the town proper of the municipality. Its main source of water is the Lubao Spring. The water district is still operational in condition and the Level of the distribution system still depends on the area. Specifically in Salvacion, the distribution system is Level III while the other barangays have Level 1 and Level 2 water supply. According to the MPDC (Pers. Com., 2016), the water supply of the municipality is still underdeveloped and therefore can be further improved.

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4.4 Electric Power Supply

San Isidro, Panlaitan, and Maglalambay, the three island barangays in the municipality, obtain solar energy for electricity. Meanwhile, the other remaining barangays are supplied with electricity by the Busuanga Island Electric Cooperative (BISELCO). This semi-government company supplies electricity to both municipalities in Busuanga Island: Coron and Busuanga. The source of the supplied electricity however is from the Calamian Island Power Corporation (CIPC) which is privately owned. In fact, there had been fluctuating supply of electricity in the municipality. Residents in the municipality resort using some of the following; generator, solar panels, and rechargeable lights.

4.5 Transport Facilities

Since the Municipality of Busuanga is a third class municipality, transportation system plays an important role in achieving its goals. There are two mode of transportation wherein the municipality can be accessed: through land and water. The following are the types of land transportation obtained from the Key Informant Interview (KII): FDG buses (7) that are travelling from the municipality of Coron to the municipality of Busuanga and vice versa; jeepney (1) that travels in Sto. Niño and Sagrada; motorcycle that are usually privately owned and can be rented to travel to Calauit, the municipality of Coron, and to the Francisco B. Reyes airport; and tricycles (33) which is the usual transportation service availed by commuters in Salvacion, Bogtong, and the municipality of Coron. On the other hand, water transportation services availed by the community is the use of motor Bangka and Cargo Vessel. The motor Bangka is utilized to reach the island barangays of the municipality and other beaches that serve as tourist destination.

4.6. Communication Facilities

For the services provided for communication in the municipality of Busuanga the list are as follows: Smart cell site (1); Globe cell site (2); handheld radio that are used by the NDRRMC; and internet services provided by Globe and Smart. Though these communication facilities are relatively stable, these can still be further improved. When it comes to communication providers such as Globe and Smart, an increase in the quality of their services e.g. cellphone signal would be an advantage to further develop and promote tourism of the municipality.

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5. Institutional

5.1. Local Government Unit’s Structure

There are 10 offices under the office of the municipal mayor. Among all these offices, the municipal mayor has indirect control over the Office of the Sanggunian as he works hand in hand with the municipal councilors. Meanwhile, absence of MENRO Office and Tourism Office in the municipality were found as necessary deliverables which shall strengthen sustainable development in Busuanga, Palawan.

Figure 13. Organizational Structure of the Municipality of Busuanga

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Vision of Municipality of Busuanga The municipality of Busuanga envisions “a well- developed, progressive, peaceful municipality with confident, committed and self- reliant Busuangenians”. It works on the achievement of “healthy empowered and self- sufficient community, progressive industry and cooperatives, and maximized agricultural productivity”.

Offices in the Municipality

1. Office of the Municipal Assessor The office of the municipal assessor together with the local government unit work together to achieve (1) progress and financial stability, and (2) efficient system of real property tax assessment and collection enforcement.

2. Office of the Municipal Accountant The office endeavours to function responsibly and honestly in providing services to government clientele; it makes sure of “efficiency, economy and effectiveness over fiscal affairs, operations and transactions of the municipal government of Busuanga”. The office offers services in the processing of the vouchers, applying for cash advance, and liquidation of travel cash advance.

3. Budget Office Driven by its leadership in expenditure management, the budget office initiates local development of the Municipality. It provides the following services; (1) preparation of Local Budget Matrix, (2) recording obligation requests and expenditures of different department and offices, (3) lobbying the approval of Local Budget Matrix through recommendations, (4) preparation of supplemental budget for General Fund, (5) reviewing, examining annual/supplemental budget of barangays to the Sangguniang Bayan, (6) initial evaluation and recommendation to barangay officials matters “affecting” the barangay budget, (7) evaluation of allotment request and prepared local budget matrix, and formulation of Financial Plan for SEF upon request, (8) receiving and recording incoming and outgoing obligation request, (9) and securing records submitted to the Municipal Accounting Office (MAO).

4. Municipal Planning and Development Office The Municipal Planning Development Office (MPDO) formulates development plans, program, and projects of the office which are “viable’ and “responsive”. The office considers sustainable development, general welfare of the municipality’s constituents and the “balance between development initiative and environmental protection” in pursuing the office’s endeavours. It also ensures implementation of approved development plans- may it be in the form of programs, projects, and activities of the local government unit. 5. Municipal Agricultural Office The Municipal Agricultural Office (MAO) embarks on the improvement of the quality of life of farmers and fisher folks, and the promotion of sustainable resource use. In doing so, the office aims to establish effective and efficient agriculture and fisheries Page | 65

services that will ensure food security; the office provides technical assistance on crops, livestock, and fishery production.

6. Office of the Municipal Civil Registrar The functions of the office include provision of services on civil registration (computerized processing via PhilCris Program) and establishment of barangay civil registration system (in pursuit of a “hundred percent timely registration”). Moreover, it serves as an extension office of Philippine Statistics Authority.

7. Office of the Municipal Engineer The office advocates the provision of “efficient, centralized cost- effective municipal engineering services”. It works towards the enhancement of the quality of life in the municipality of Busuanga as they function as good stewards of public resources. The office offers its services to citizens, agencies and departments of the municipality.

8. Office of the Municipal Mayor Licensing Department In the “creation of new, responsible, and sustainable economy”, the local government unit shall be led by the office.

9. Legislation Office In keeping “principles of fairness, equality, and justice”, improvement of the quality of life of constituents shall be realized upon the office’s provision of quality legislation and public service.

10. Municipal Social Welfare Development Office Municipal Social Welfare Development Office (MSWDO) pursues poverty alleviation and empowerment through a collaborative approach. With the help of government units, non- government organizations (POs), other government organizations (GOs) and other members of the society, social protection and promotion of the rights and welfare of the poor, vulnerable, and disadvantaged individuals, families, and communities shall be encouraged.

11. Municipal Disaster Risk Management Office The Municipal Disaster Risk Management Office (MDRRMO) conducts emergency management ensuing the protection of the community. It aims to “build, sustain, and improve the capability to mitigate against, prepare for, respond to, and recover from threatened or actual natural disasters, acts of terrorism, or other man- made disasters” through coordinated and integrated activities.

12. Office of the Senior Citizens Affairs The office “promotes local autonomy people empowerment” through the provision of basic services to the people; senior citizens and youths’ capacities are developed and strengthened. In “achieving a progressive and self- reliant community”, senior citizens and the youth shall be “empowered” through their enjoined participation with the government. Page | 66

5.2. Local Governance

Human Resource Development Activities In the provision of efficient and effective public services, the municipality embarks on human resource development activities which shall “capacitate” its employees. This shall be done through giving of incentives and rewards.

Strengthened efforts in the enactment of environmental policies and Revenue Code With the municipality’s aim to raise revenue collection by 30%, strengthened implementation of environmental laws and the Revenue Code were found necessary; Information, Education and Campaign (EIC) shall be utilized by the municipality in achieving this objective.

Maximizing Economic Benefits

1. Tourism Code The administration is currently pursuing efforts in developing tourism in the municipality. With the enactment of Busuanga Tourism Code of 2013, the municipality is tasked in (1) promoting the establishment of “efficient sustainable tourism program and industry (Section 2), and in (2) governing and regulating the “establishments and operation of tourism- oriented and tourism- related projects, establishments and/ or enterprises and activities” (Section 3). In this pursuit, a Municipal Tourism Operations Office (MTOO) (Section 5), and a Municipal Tourism Council (MTC) was created. The MTOO implements the ordinance and the Sustainable Tourism Program of Busuanga, while the MTC acts as “policy- making body” and “steering arm” of MTOO. Recent projects adjunct with tourism development in the municipality include Salvacion Peak View Deck Project and training for tourist guides. Whereas, recent ordinance being implemented by the municipality creates a funding scheme for “conservation, protection and management of the coastal and aquatic resource, seascape, and rural environment of Busuanga, Palawan”; this pertains to Municipal Ordinance No. 17 (Series of 2015) otherwise known as “Busuanga Eco- tourism Development Fee Ordinance of 2015. 2. Market Code Municipal Regulatory Ordinance No. 18 (Series 0f 2015) or “The Market Price Control on Meat, Fish (Dried and Fresh) and Local Fruits Ordinance of 2015” was made to regulate ceiling prices of goods and “prevent unregulated price manipulation” by any individuals and/ or groups.

3. Creation of Municipal Comprehensive Land Use Plan It is expected that the new Municipal Comprehensive and Land Use Plan (MCLUP) shall include water use plan guiding development and ensuring safe water in the municipality

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5.3. Local Fiscal Management

Status of Financial Health

1. Statement of Condensed Cash Flows As of the end of 2015, the municipality had a total cash of Php 2,996,542.20 generated from its operating, investing, and financing activities. Upon adding Php 34,782,088.08 (cash at the beginning of the year) to this amount, a total of Php 37,748,630.28 cash balance was left by the end of the year. Shown in the table below are the cash inflows and outflows from operating, investing, and financing activities of the municipality in 2015.

Table 44. Statement of Condensed Cash Flows for the Year Ended December 31, 2015. Cash Flows from Operating Activities Cash Inflows Collection from taxpayers 3,725,978.90 Share from Internal Revenue Allotment 91,218,956.00 Receipts from business/ service income 3,792,516.19 Other Receipts 4,705,109.93 Total Cash Inflows 103,442,561.02 Cash Outflows Payment of expenses 33,268,536.96 Payment to suppliers and creditors 5,954,522.29 Payment to employees 34,629,177.38 Other expenses 19,727,779.13 Total Cash Outflows 93,580,015.75 Net Cash Flows from Operating Activities 9,862,545.26 Cash Flows from Financing Activities (No Cash Flows) Cash Flows from Investing Activities Cash Inflows Total Cash Inflows 0 Cash Outflows Purchase/ Construction of Property, Plant and Equipment 6,896,003.06 Total Cash Outflows 6,896,003.06 Net Cash Flows from Investing Activities (6,896,003.06) Total Cash Provided by Operating, 2,966,542.20 Investing and Financing Activities Add: Cash at the Beginning of the Year 34,782,088.08 Cash Balance at the End of the Year 37,748,630.28 Source: Budget Office, 2015

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Cash Flows from Operating Activities: Given a total of cash inflow of Php 103,442,561.02 and a cash outflow of Php 93,580,015.76 from operating activities of the municipality, 90.47% of the cash available for operating activities of the municipality was utilized; at the end of 2015, the municipality’s net cash flow from operating activities amounted to Php 9,862,545.26. It is also noted that the share from Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA) of Php 91,218,856.00 comprise 88.18% of the total cash inflow from operating activities of the municipality and that payment to employees (37.00%) and payment to expenses (35.55%) have the largest shares from cash outflows of the municipality’s operating activities. Moreover, collection from tax payers, receipts from business and service income, and other receipts which constitute only 3.60%, 3.67%, and 4.55%, respectively, imply the need to increase revenue collection for the municipality to become less IRA dependent.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities Cash Outflows from investing activities of the municipality pertain to the purchase/ construction of property/ plant/ equipment amounting to Php 6,896,003.06; meanwhile, there are no cash inflows from investing activities of the municipality. Cash Flows from Financing Activities: There are no cash inflows and outflows from financing activities of the municipality.

Quarterly Report on Real Property Tax Collection As of 2015, total collection of the municipality on Real Property Tax (RPT) amounted to Php 4,413,752.77. Sources of this revenue comes from property classifications, residential, agricultural, and commercial lands; Php 759,919.09 (17.22%) comes from residential property, Php 1,644,195.24 (37.25%) from agricultural property, while Php 2,009,636.44 (45.73%) from commercial property. Given these values, it can be said that commercial properties generate most of the revenue of the municipality. These are followed by agricultural and residential areas respectively. (Treasury Office, 2015) Statement of Debt Service According to the Statement of Debt Service as of 2016, the municipality of Busuanga has not availed any debt service.

5.4. Actual Expenditures by General Account

Statement of Financial Performance- General Fund (GF) The table below shows the financial performance of the municipality. Accordingly, it indicates that the municipality is largely depending on internal revenue collections while spending most of its general fund on the provision of personal services. Therefore, improved revenue collection from taxes, and service and business income in Busuanga, Palawan is necessary. In line with this, the integration of IRR (Internal Rate of Return) to the Tourism Code of the municipality is sought to increase revenue collection and maximize economic benefits; prioritization of this agenda is indeed significant since this shall allow revenue collection on tourism related activities in the municipality.

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Table 45. Statement of financial performance (General Fund) of the municipality for the year 2015 (ending from December 31, 2015) General Fund (GF) Php Revenue Tax Revenue 3,725, 978.90 Share from Internal Revenue Collections 91,218,956.00 Other Share from National Taxes - Service and Business Income 3,710,619.39 Shares, Grants and Donations - Gains - Other Income 81,896.80 Total Revenue 98,737,451.09 Less Current Operating Expenses Personal Services 34,629,177.38 Maintenance and other Operating Expenses 25,435,058.39 Non-Cash Expenses 3,051,002.28 Financial Expenses - Total Current Operating Expenses 63,15,238.05 Surplus Deficit from Current Operation Add (Deduct) Transfers, Assistance, and Subsidy from - Trasfers, Assistance, and Subsidy to 7, 833, 478.57 Surplus (Deficit) for the period Php 27, 788,734.47 Source: Budget Office, 2015

Report of Special Education Fund Utilization for the 4th Quarter of 2015 Senate Bill 486, amending Section 272 of R.A. 7160, madates that additional 1 % collection on real property tax be released to local school boards as Special Education Fund (SEF). Maintenance and operating expenses of public schools will be covered by this fund. Table 46. Special Education Fund as of last Quarter of 2015 Balance, January 1, 2015 1,536,044.81 Receipt from SEF 2,754,510.31 Total 4,290,555.12 Less Disbursements: Personal Services - MOOE 102,830.40 Capital Outlay 47,895.00 Transmittal to Province 1,240,782.57 Sub- total 1,391,507.97 Balance, December 31, 2015 2,899,047.15 Source: Accounting Office A balance of P 1, 536, 044.81 Special Education Fund (SEF) was incurred on January 1, 2015. Upon adding P 2,754,510.31 receipt from SEF, there had been a total of P 4,290,555.12 SEF fund available for 2015. In utilizing this fund, the following disbursements were deducted; P 102, 830.40 MOOE, P 47,895.00 capital outlay, and P

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1,240,782.57 fund for transmittal to province. At the end of the year, the SEF balance was P 2,899,047.15.

Quarterly Report on Government Projects, Programs or Activities Table 46 shows the costs and status of projects and programs already conducted and still being implemented by the municipality in different barangays; trust fund were utilized to fund these projects and programs.

Table 47. Trust Fund Utilization on government projects, programs or activities; consolidated report for the 4th Quarter of 2015 Project Status Total Cost Location Project or Program % of Incurred to (Php) Completion Date All Supplemental Feeding 1,216,800.00 100.0% 1,216,800.00 Barangays Special Purpose Fund 2,770,000.00 91.55% 2,536,058.01 (SFR)/ Vegetable and Livestock Production Mariculture 1,000,000.00 94.39% 943,921.83 Purchase of Medicines 1,000,000.00 92.03% 920,300.00 Social Pension 1,899,000.00 100% 1,899,000.00 Purchase of Learning 1,058,400.00 0.00% 0.00 Materials for Day Care Center So. Small Farm Reservoir 379,633.00 100% 379,633.00 Banaba Brgys Old Busuanga Salvacion Repair/ Rehabilitation of 1,000,000.00 100% 992,623.15 Municipal Gym Repair/ Rehabilitation of 2,500,000.00 100% 2,455,832.22 Municipal Building Improvement of 1,000,000.00 100% 999,116.85 Drainage Philhealth Capitalization 12,146.25 0.00% 0.00 Fund Per Family Payment Rate 1,376,540.66 16.82% 231,477.29 (PFPR) Construction of Level II 1,500,000.00 100.00% 1,499,666.44 Water System Construction of Fish Port 8,650,000.00 100.00% 5,645,318.23 Training for Tour guide 69,020.00 0.00% 0.00 DILG Salintubig- 1,997,263.20 15.00% 0.00 Narukan Water System San Isidro Repair/ Rehabilitation of 809,915.74 100.00% 804,915.74 barangay hall

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Project Status Total Cost Location Project or Program % of Incurred to (Php) Completion Date Panlaitan Repair/ Rehabilitation of 309,663.96 100.00% 309,663.96 barangay hall San Rafael Repair/ Rehabilitation of 415,106.10 100.00% 415,106.10 barangay hall Sagrada Repair/ Rehabilitation of 944,034.05 100.00% 944,034.05 barangay hall Repair/ Rehabilitation of 693,288.13 100.00% 693,288.13 Day Care Center Buluang Repair/ Rehabilitation of 199,129.86 71.07% 141,529.00 barangay hall Repair/ Rehabilitation of 224,947.48 82.25% 185,022.71 Day Care Center- Buluang Repair Rehabilitation of 539,373.09 71.27% 384,437.24 Civic Center- BCM Repair Rehabilitation of 698,046.65 20.06% 140,054.71 Day Care Center- BCM Source: Accounting Office Salvacion Salvacion, ranking fourth among barangays having largest built-up (urban area) in the municipality (according to Busuanga Socio- economic Profile, 2014), has the most number of infrastructural projects in 2015; water system and fish port were constructed while drainage system was improved. Specifically, the Level II Water System and the ongoing construction of Narukan Water System (DILG project) have become significant to the barangay in improving its domestic water supply.

San Isidro, Panlaitan, San Rafael, Sagrada, and Buluang In San Isidro, Panlaitan, San Rafael, Sagrada, and Buluang, repair and rehabilitation of local barangay infrastructures were prioritized.

Old Busuanga The construction of small farm reservoir in So. Banaba, Old Busuanga maximizes the farming opportunity in the barangay; according to Environmentally Critical Areas Network Management Framework Guidelines for Busuanga Municipality (2006), Barangay Old Busuanga is attributed with “highest concentration of river channels and a potential source of irrigation and domestic water”.

Municipal Wide Projects on vegetable and livestock production, and mariculture are of significance to most of the households in the municipality. According to the latest CBMS (2014) of the

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municipality, 31.49% of the households are engaged in fishing, 21.61% in poultry and livestock production, and 16.8% in crop farming and gardening. On the other hand, in the context of tourism development, the municipality have allotted Php 69,020.00 for training of tourist guides; as of 2015, this project have not yet incurred costs.

20% Development Fund Utilization Report Shown in the table below are projects from various programs appropriated with 20% Development Fund Utilization. Indicated are the projects’ location, the amount disbursed for the project, and the project’s completion expressed in percentage.

Table 48. Barangay 20% Development Fund Utilization Report as of the 4th Quarter of 2015 (categorized according to program or provisioning of services). Barangay Program Projects Amount Amount % Appropriation Disbursed Completion Salvacion General Improvement of 300 (20% 148.9 49.65% Public water system (So. 2011) Services Narukan) (20% Solid Waste 550 (20% 359.8 65.42% 2011 and Management 2013) 2013) Program Rehabilitation/ 100 (20% 100 100% Improvement of 2013) barangay roads Social Purchase of lot 1,500 (20% Not yet 0.00% Services intended for 2013) implemented (20% municipal 2013) cemetery extension Construction of 350 (20% 351.9 100% Multi- purpose 2013) building Construction of 500 (20% Not yet 0.00% Municipal Health 2013) implemented Office (LGU counterpart phase I) Senior Citizen 100 (20% Not yet 0.00% Social Center 2013) implemented Economic Construction of 6,200 (20% 5,191.6 83.74% Services Busuanga 2013) (20% Convention 2013) Center (Phase IV) General Construction of 1,500 (20% 1,499.8 99.99% Public fish port Phase I 2014) Services (LGU counterpart)

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Barangay Program Projects Amount Amount % Appropriation Disbursed Completion (20% Rehabilitation/ 225.0 (20% 224.7 99.85% 2014) Improvement of 2014) waste system (LGU counterpart) Farmers’ Store 84.0 (20% 16.1 and 60.0 19.16% and and Small Farm 2014) and 60.0 100% Irrigation (LGU (20% 2014) counterpart) Economic Construction of 6,000 (20% Not yet 0.00% Services Busuanga 2014) implemented (20% Convention 2014) Center Phase V Concreting of 900 (20% 899.2 99.92% Roxas St. 2014) Extension Construction/ 400 (20% 60.0 15.00% Openning of 2014) Enero St. Extension Rehabilitation/ 600 (20% 90.0 14.99% Repair (Hi-Way- 2014) So. Kanyogan) Social Salvacion Peak 1,500 (20% 1,500 Fund Services View Deck 2014) transmitted (20% to Province 2014) under Inter- LGU Alliance program *Acquisition of 1,200 (20% 1,198.4 99.86% Purchase of 1- 2014) unit Compactor Garage Truck *Solid Waste 600 (20% 301.1 50.20% Management 2014) Program *Additional Fund 1,926.9 (20% Not Yet 0.00% for purchase of 2014) Implemented lot for Municipal cemetery extension *Installation of 500 (20% 500.0 99.98% solar street lights 2014) Social *improvement of 150 (20% 150 100% Services Multi- purpose 2015) bldg. (Salvacion

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Barangay Program Projects Amount Amount % Appropriation Disbursed Completion (20% National High 2015) School) *Construction of 500 (20% 500; 74.9 100%; Multi- purpose 2015); 500 14.98% bldg.; installation (20% 2015) of solar street light (Salvacion Elementary School) Market 1,019,191.20 1,018.8; 99.96%; Development; (20% 2015); 2,500 fund Rehabilitation/ 2,500 (20% transferred Construction of 2015) to province barangay roads (LGU counterpart) Solid waste 2,000 (20% 66.5; Not yet Inter LGU- management; 2015); 75 implemented; Alliance; National (20% 2015); 3,300 0.00%; Greening 3,300 (20% Fund Program; 2015) Transfer to Construction of Province Drainage Gutter (Inter LGU and Curbs Alliance) (Quezon St. Salvacion) Maglalambay General Rehabilitation/ 100 (20% Not yet 0.00% Public Improvement of 2013) implemented Services Barangay Roads (20% 2011 and 2013) Panlaitan Social Construction of 700 (20% Not yet 0.00% Services BHS birthing 2015) implemented (20% facility with 2015) equipment Municipal Economic Fishery/ 450 (20% 427.7 95.00% Wide Services Agriculture 2013) (20% Program 2013) Economic Fishery/ 450 (20% 388.6 86.37% Services Agriculture 2014) (20% Program 2014) Social Aid to 14 700 (20% 700; 100%; Services barangays; 2015); (20% 2015)

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Source: Municipal Planning Development Office, 2015 From this report, the municipality still yet to provide the following services;

General Public Services - Rehabilitation/ Improvement of Barangay Roads in Maglalambay

Social Services - Purchase of lot intended for municipal cemetery extension, construction of Municipal Health Office (LGU counterpart phase I), Senior Citizen Social Center, National Greening Program, construction of Barangay Health Station (BHS) birthing facility with equipment in Panlaitan

Economic Services - Construction of Busuanga Convention Center Phase V

Remarks: Projects strengthening the agricultural sector of the municipality include the establishment of farmers’ store and small farm irrigation (LGU counterpart) in Barangay Salvacion (project under municipal program providing general public services), and the municipal wide implementation of the Fishery/ Agriculture Program (municipal program providing economic service). Meanwhile, social services prioritized by the administration include the provision of financial aid to 14 barangays, development of market in the municipality realized to supplement 8.44% of households involved in wholesaling and retailing (as identified in the 2014 CBMS), implementation of Solid Waste Management Program (transferred to province under inter- LGU Alliance program), the installment of solar street lights in Salvacion with 99.98% completion, rehabilitation and construction of Salvacion Peak View Deck (transferred to province under inter- LGU Alliance program) attributed with realized potential for tourism development, and construction of drainage gutter and curbs in Quezon St., Salvacion (transferred to province under inter- LGU Alliance program). In terms of general public services, construction of fish port and rehabilitation of barangay roads in Salvacion were accomplished.

Report on Utilization of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund Sources of Disaster Risk Reduction Management Fund (DRRMF) include current and continuing appropriations, and previous year’s appropriations transferred to Special Trust Fund; there are no transfers or grants comprising this fund. As of 2015, total fund available was Php 12,332,519.00. The fund came from (1) Php 11,609,136.75 Local Disaster Risk Reduction Management Fund (LDRRMF) (30% Quick Response Fund (QRF) and 70% Mitigation Fund), (2) Php 395,000.00 LGU fund, and (3) Php 328,382.25 coming from other sources of fund. (Accounting Office, 2015) In the past year, Php 1,764,938.65 (20%) of the Mitigation Fund, Php 395,000 (100%) of the LGU fund, and Php 270,203.00 (82%) of other sources of fund were utilized; over all, 20% of the available fund was used. Expenses covered purchase of Disaster Risk Page | 76

Reduction (DRR) supplies and equipment, operating expenses, LGU counterpart to International Labour Organization (ILO) and Emergency Shelter Assistance (ESA) projects. (Accounting Office, 2015)

Bottom-Up- Budgeting Discussed in Table 49 are projects under 2015 Bottom-Up-Budgeting (BUB) of the Municipality of Busuanga. Of the list of projects approved, it can be deduced that poverty reduction strategy of the administration had focused on capacitating the agriculture, tourism, health, and environmental sector.

Table 49. List of Bottom-Up-Budgeting projects approved by LPRAT for the year 2015. Budget LGU Total Project Requested Project Name of project Counterpart Agency Cost (Php) from NGAS Status (Php) (Php) 1. Construction of 5,500,000.00 5,000,000.00 500,000.00 DA Ongoing Fish Port(PhaseII) 2. Improvement of 1,650,000.00 1,500,000.00 150,000.00 DA Not yet Marine Protected implemented Areas (MPAs) 3. Establishment of 550,000.00 500,000.00 50,000.00 DA Not yet Marine Protected implemented Areas (MPAs) 4. Purchase of 550,000.00 500,000.00 50,000.00 DA Not yet Tractor implemented Construction of 2,200,000.00 2,000,000.00 200,000.00 DOT Not yet Salvacion Peak/ implemented Viewdeck 5. Busuanga River 4,495,600.00 3,996,000.00 499,600.00 DOT Not yet Cruise (Phase I) implemented 6. Rural Health 554,400.00 504,000.00 50,400.00 DOH Not yet Midwife implemented Placement Program 7. National Greening 1,100,000.00 1,000,000.00 100,000.00 DENR Not yet Program implemented Total: 16,600,000.00 15,000,000.00 1,600,000.00 Source: MPDO, 2015 These projects cost a total of P 16,600,000.00. Of which Php 15,000,000.00 (90.36%) will be shouldered by Non- Government Agencies (NGAs) and Php 1,600,000.00 (9.64%) by the LGU. Agencies which should help administer and finance these projects include the Department of Agriculture (DA), Department of Tourism (DOT), Department of Health (DOH), and the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). As of this year, the construction of fish port (Phase II) is the only ongoing project.

Budget allotment for other environmental obligations in 2015

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Of the Php 1,855,360.00 allotted for the municipality’s environmental obligations, Php 873,600.00 (47.09%) was utilized for the implementation of Clean and Green Program, Php 509,600.00 (27.47%) for Solid Waste Management Program, Php 372,160.00 (20.05%) for ECAN PROGRAM, and Php 100,000.00 (5.39%) for the revision of Municipal Comprehensive Land & Water Use Plan. (Budget Office, 2015).

5.5 Inventory of Resolution/ Ordinances

Table 50 shows the resolutions/ ordinances passed by the legislative body in Busuanga, Palawan. These resolutions/ ordinances were then tallied per development sector.

Table 50. Tally of the number of resolutions/ ordinances passed or enacted in the recent term of the municipality’s legislative body; categorized according to sector. Sector 2013 2014 2015 Social 16 33 28 Economic 6 9 3 Infrastructural 1 11 9 Institutional 21 30 20 Environment 5 11 7 Total 49 94 67 Source: Office of the Secretary to the Sanggunian

There were 210 resolutions/ ordinances were enacted within the past term of the municipal legislative body. In 2013, most number of resolutions/ ordinances concerned the institutional sector- there were 21 resolutions/ ordinances made. Meanwhile, in 2014 and 2015, there had been more resolutions/ ordinances endorsed for the social sector- there were 33 resolution/ ordinances made in 2014, while 28 resolution/ ordinances in 2015.

5.6 LGU- CSO Private Sector Linkages Table 51 shows LGU- CSO Private Sector Linkages present in the municipality. Among identified Civic Society Organizations (CSO) coordinating with the municipality, the social sector with 10 CSOs had the most number of CSO working hand in hand with the LGU; it is followed by the economic, infrastructural, and environmental sector respectively.

Table 51. List of Local Government Unit (LGU) officials and Civic Society Organization (CSO) leaders Local Government Unit Civic Society Organization Municipal Mayor/ Chairperson KALIPI President Samuel A. De Jesus, Sr. Mrs. Alicia G. Selestra

Municipal Engineer 4Ps Parent Leader Mr. Edilberto D. Gatchalian Ms. Elsa Noria Page | 78

Local Government Unit Civic Society Organization

Municipal Assessor ECOFISH/Area Coordinator Mr. Efren V. Ladica Ms. Vivien Facunla

MDRRM Officer BOWASA (Bogtong) Mr. Segundo E. Aguilar Mr. Darwin F. Macanas

Municipal Planning BCM Chairman Development Coordinator Mr. Roy D. Dabuit Mr. Marlo M. Dagomboy Ocam-ocam Farmers Association ICO- Municipal Treasurer Mr. Joemael Macmac Mr. Marlo B. Friolo

Municipal Link PAYAPACA/ So. Calauit Buluang Mr. Jeomar L. Gaddao Mr. Fredel Mued Ms. Helen Grace Delos Reyes UNAKA Association (Bogtong) Municipal Health Officer Mr. Randy C. Nadado Dr. Lesaldeo Moses R. Princesa PTA/ SNHS MLGOO Mr. Maria Ana D. Mercado Mr. Daniel Florida Sagrada Farmer’s Association Comm. On Appro. Mr. Felimon Rodiguez Hon. Tommy C. Cruz PASICMIDA/ Panlaitan Municipal PESO Mr. Mayolito Curba Ms. Elinita E. Gabarda Kapit- Bisig Farmers Association Municipal Budget Officer Mr. Israel Maambong Ms. Aida O. Dominguez SRWA Manager Municipal Agriculturist Ms. Assuncion E. Aguilar Ms. Maria Theresa T. Rabe BUWASA (Buluang) MSWDO Mr. Ruben Factuar Ms. Divina Garcia R. Dulce KAMALAY President Municipal Civil Registrar Mr. Kenneth Austria Ms. Elsie H. Rodriguez BSPMC- KALAHI CIDDS Municipal Accountant National Community Driven Ms. Eunice G. Tibudan Development Program (KC- NCDDP) Principal/ DepEd us. District Ms. Jessamine May Catiil Ms. Sofia D. Villareal

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Local Government Unit Civic Society Organization Principal/ Salvacion National CIDDS National Community Highschool Driven Development Program Ms. Evelyn B. Nadado (KC- NCDDP) Dennis T. Jagmis PTA/ SNHS OIC Chief of Police Mr. Dhenies Acosta

LIGA President Hon. Benjamin Alarcon Source: MPDO

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6. Transect Mapping

Small Residential Mountain, Forest/ Land Use Residential/ Coastal Residential (proper) area/ wooden Coastal Agricultural brushland GPS Location/ elevation 12.08683 12.08370 12.08612 12.08694 12.08662 12.08674 12.08732 119.93444 12.08878 119.93766 119.94223 119.94385 119.94721 119.94892 12.08368 119.95050 119.93587 119.95104

Distance (300 steps * 0.63) 600=378 m 1200= 756 m 900=567 m 300= 189 m 300=189 m

Zones Multiple use Multiple use Multiple use Multiple use Multiple use

Vegetation/ Dominant plant buho, siklat, kamoteng kahoy, coconut, cat tail, guyabano, santol, badyang, buho, banana, (punong species banana, mango, banana, doldol, mango, coconut, palm, tisa, siklat, acacia, dulo, kahoy), sahing pagatpat, tandol, talaba, siklat, buho, bunga, star sahing, kasuy, narra, (dagta), bunga, danggit, samaral, tarawis, apple, banana, pineapple, Acapulco acacia, badyang, coconut, mangoro, tamarind, narra, acacia, coconut, palay, pagatpat, bangkuro, hagunoy, olibak, kakwate, jack fruit, mangroves, Geteb island duhat, papaya, anahaw, pineapple, coconut, (mountain), lunihan, banaba gabi, sagulilong tursilyo

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Small Residential Mountain, Forest/ Land Use Residential/ Coastal Residential (proper) area/ wooden Coastal Agricultural brushland Types of Housing Pawid pawid, (including rescue pawid and concrete houses (mixed operation houses from Red houses (some concrete and Cross), concrete (some concrete houses are pawid) mixed with pawid) houses mixed with pawid)

Services/ Establishments Resort electricity lines, fish port, sari- sari stores, barangay electricity lines electricity lines ice plant hall/ court, electricity lines, church, water system, Barangay Health Station (BHS),

Animals bee eater chicken, Barangkas/ horse chicken, dog, , little egret, egret, chicken, shoe crab (IUCN Red Data crow, poultry (pig), cat, dog, tilapia List) goat

Problem/ Threats erosion (side rail) habagat, Barangkas/ horse shoe crab (IUCN Red Data List)

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Small Residential Mountain, Forest/ Land Use Residential/ Coastal Residential (proper) area/ wooden Coastal Agricultural brushland Strengths/ Opportunities bird watching motorboat, dried fish, sea road access, Barangay fish pond (tilapia), grass Bugtong Bantay Dagat, poultry (chicken) poultry (chicken), vegetable backyard gardening, Red Cross funding, vegetable farming, poultry (pig), CBNR boating brigade, kaingin farming, boat making

Infrastructures roads, side rails BOWASA CBNR Bogtong Bridge, Roads, Domoyong roads Roads Bridge

Others Ilog ng Bogtong Ilog ng Bogtong Figure 14. Transect Map of Barangay Bogtong, Busuanga, Palawan

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Mountain/Coastal The transect map took place in barangay Bogtong in which 80%-90% of the community are engaged to fishing. The ecosystems identified in the first two points are: mountain (left) and coastal (right) ecosystem. Dominant plant species seen as the transect line was being traversed were buho, siklat, and banana, while bee eater was observed. Currently, there is an on-going road construction in the mountain affecting the travel time of vehicles (longer travel time) and causing erosion. There were no housing units in the area, but a resort by the transect line. It also has potentials for bird watching activities.

Residential/Coastal Dominant plant species observed on the way were kamoteng kahoy, coconut, mango, banana, doldol, pagatpat, tandol, talaba, danggit, samara, tarawis, mangoro, bangkuro, mangroves, lunihan, and tursilyo. Animals such as chicken, barangkas (horse shoe crab) were present in the area. The horse shoe crab is considered as an endangered species; it is included in the IUCN Red Data List. Traversing the transect line, waiting shed (concrete) and houses made of pawid, and a portion of the mangrove area were observed. Electricity lines, disks for cable television service, fish port, and an ice plant (Geteb Island) are also found around the area. Moreover, presence of fisher folk association, motorboats, drying of fish, and lambat making are identified opportunities in the area. Meanwhile, livelihood of fishermen are threatened because there had been considerable decrease in fish catch caused by habagat.

Residential (Proper) This portion of the transect line is where most of the houses and infrastructures in the barangay is situated. Settlements lie on both sides of the main highway. Houses in the area are made out of concrete materials while others are mixed with pawid. These include rescue operation houses funded by Red Cross (houses made of pawid). Vegetation which were observed in the area include fruit trees such as guyabano, santol, mango, coconut, star apple, banana, pineapple, tamarind, duhat, and papaya and other plants such as bamboo, anahaw, banaba, cat tail, palm, tisa, siklat (buho),bunga, narra, acacia, hagunoy, olibak, and kakwate. Domestic animals such as chickens, dogs, little egret, crow, pigs, cats, and goats are also found in the area. Moreover, sari- sari stores, a barangay hall, basketball court, electricity lines, church, water system, and a Barangay Health Station (BHS) were traversed along the transect. Aside from the main highway, the Bogtong River traverses the transect line, and is where the Bogtong bridge is located. Strengths or opportunities that it offers include the following: It has access to road services; established the Barangay Bugtong Bantay Dagat; livelihood opportunities to offer such as poultry farming (chicken) and livestock production (pigs); backyard vegetable gardens; a CBNR boating brigade; kaingin farming; poultry (chicken), vegetable backyard gardening; and boat making as one of their sources of livelihood.

Small Residential Area In the small residential area of the barangay, houses located in either side of the road are made of materials such as pawid, and concrete; these houses are serviced with Page | 84

electricity. Plant species such as badyang, buho, siklat, acacia, narra, dulo, sahing (dagta used as fuel and material for rubber making), acapulco, kasuy are also present in the area. Moreover, before the entry to the forest ecosystem, Ilog ng Bogtong and Domoyong Bridge is found.

Forest and Agricultural Area Beside the forest area (left side of the transect line), there are agricultural fields (right side of the transect line) being cultivated for palay production. Residents in this area live in houses made up of concrete and pawid; settlements in the area also avail electric services and get domestic water supply from the barangay’s watershed (hoses are dominantly used by the community in outsourcing water for domestic use). Animals found in the area are egret, dog, and chicken, while dominant plant species found in the area are banana, sahing, bunga, acacia, badyang, coconut, jack fruit, pineapple, coconut, gabi, sagulilong, and palay. Meanwhile, opportunities in the forest area, include cultivation of palay, tilapia raising (fish ponds), and poultry chicken. The transect line comprised of the mountain/coastal, residential/coastal, residential (proper), small residential area, forest/agricultural area is located in the multiple use zone area of barangay Bogtong. It was found out that the activities in the area do not deter the environment, since activities performed is in accordance with the delineated ECAN zone. A multiple use zone is defined as “areas where the landscape has been modified for different forms of land use such as intensive timber extraction, grazing and pastures, agriculture and infrastructures development (PCSDS).” According to PCSD activities in the area may include any of the following: “timber extraction with community-based forest management; grazing and pastures; agriculture; infrastructure and industrial development; recreation; education; research; and other sustainable activities.”

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CHAPTER 3: MAJOR STEPS IN THE ECAN PLAN PREPARATION

The ECAN Resource Management Plan (ERMP) is designed to be strategic and practical. It is composed of programs, guidelines and strategies for each municipally- adopted ECAN zones. Discussed below are the key parts of the plan.

A. Ecological Profiling

Ecological Profile includes both socio-economic and biophysical profiles of the municipality; more than determining the resources available in the area, the current status of a municipality among its development sectors are also being analyzed. In profiling, (1) geophysical/environment, (2) population and social, (3) local economy, (4) infrastructure and (5) institutional sectors were included. Secondary data were used by the practicum team in order to formulate the Ecological Profile of the Municipality. Necessary information needed for analysis and representation of each development sector of the municipality were obtained from plans and documents such as the Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP), Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP), Local Development Investment Plan (LDIP), Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS), Socio-Economic Profile (SEP), Annual Investment Plan (AIP), Field Health Service Information System (FHSIS); MAO, MPDO, Licensing Office, MHO, Budget Office, MDDRM Office, Engineering Office, Legislative Office, and Tourism Office have provided these data. Moreover, using ARC Map, maps were also generated by the practicum team using; existing thematic maps from the PCSD and LGU were utilized.

B. Participatory Resource Mapping

The conduct of the Participatory Resource Mapping, also known as the Community- Based Resource Mapping, was used to integrate the spatial knowledge of the residents in the municipality. Participants of this activity were representatives from its municipal barangays- particularly, barangay captains, secretaries, and councilors. With three clusters of municipal barangays, four to five barangays per day have attended the three- day activity. Besides generating maps which helped identify and locate land and coastal resources, traditional knowledge and practices, political boundaries, proposed and approved ancestral domains, it also became effective in documenting opportunities and threats in the locale- to its municipally- adopted ECAN Zones. To have a deeper analysis of the municipality’s ECAN Zones, these resource maps and the existing ECAN Zone map of the municipality were overlayed. This have determined and assessed the existing situation and concerns relevant to the municipality’s ECAN Zones.

C. Driver, Pressure, State, Impact, Response (DPSIR) Framework Analysis

DPSIR Framework Analysis was used to integrate results of ecological profiling, participatory resource mapping, KII, and stocktaking interviews; more than identifying

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existing pressures (problems) and their drivers, the current state and impact of these pressures as well as responses and proposed actions to these pressures were identified. In doing this analysis, threats per ECAN zone were classified, analyzed, and validated through research, while solutions solving these problems/issues were formulated with information gathered through interviews and research.

D. Participatory ECAN Planning Workshop

The ECAN Planning Workshop, headed by PCSD, was attended by participants from different barangays and offices in the municipality. Besides validating primary and secondary data used by the practicum team, participatory planning activity was done. Through a break-out session, participants which were divided into groups have administered formulating and prioritizing adaptable plans of action for the threats identified in each ECAN zones; results on ecological profiling, participatory resource mapping, and DPSIR framework analysis have guided the said activity. Overall, results generated from ecological profiling, participatory resource mapping, DPSIR analysis and ECAN planning workshop were collated by the practicum team in order to formulate the ERMP.

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CHAPTER 4: THE ECAN ZONING STATEGY

A. Components of the ECAN Zones In order to sustainably manage land and water resources, ECAN zoning as a strategy was employed in the province of Palawan. SEP law, in its strategy, have identified three components with respective ECAN Zones delineating their use and function (SEP law and PCSD Resolution 05- 250). The strategy is inclusive of the following; 1.) Terrestrial Component: 1.1 Core zone 1.2 Buffer zone (The Buffer zone is further subdivided into three sub-zones: Restricted use area, Controlled use area, and Traditional use area) 1.3 Multiple use zone

2.) Coastal/ Marine Component 2.1 Coastal/Marine Core zone 2.2 Coastal/Marine Multiple use zone (The Coastal/ Marine use zones are further divided into two sub-zones: Transition/Buffer zone and Sustainable/General use zone)

3.) Tribal Ancestral Land (encompassing both land and water resources and transcending all zones)

B. Criteria and Parameters in the Delineation of the ECAN Zones In implementing the ECAN zoning strategy, delineation of its land and water resources are guided by various considerations. These include elevation, slope, land cover, habitat of endangered species, critical watershed for land resources; mangrove cover, coral cover, seagrass cover, reef fish density, sightings of dugongs and other marine mammals for coastal resources; and cultural considerations for tribal resources. Details of these criteria (considerations) are shown in the Tables 54 & 55.

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Table 52. Criteria for delineation of land resources into the different zones. ECAN zone Description Elevation Land cover Slope Habitat Others Core zone Area of maximum > 1,000 m Virgin forest or > 50 % Critically Other areas which protection primary growth (> 26.57 threatened/endanger may be identified and forest degrees) ed habitats and designated by the habitats of rare Council endangered species or habitat of local endemic species of flora and fauna Buffer zone - Generally surrounds 500 to 1,000 Poor, stunted 36-50 % In areas where the Restricted use the Core zone and m and sparse (19.80-26.57 criteria of elevation, provides a stands of semi- degrees) slope, or critical protective barrier; deciduous forest Areas designated as watershed do not Critical watersheds which has a low biodiversity apply, a 200-meter which were regeneration hotspots and highly belt in the mainland identified, classified capacity threatened by and 100-meter belt in or declared as such human activities the islands by the government based on scientific surrounding the Core studies zone Buffer zone - Encircles and 300 to 19-35 % Areas within the Controlled use provides the outer 500 m (10.20-19.80 criteria of the barrier to the Core degrees) Restricted use zone zone and Restricted where there is a use zone community Buffer zone - Edges of intact Open, brushland > 18% slope All other areas with Traditional use forests where or grassland (> 10.20 elevation below 300 traditional land use areas that are degrees) AND meters is already stabilized still classified as below 300 is being stabilized timberland or meters public land with elevation elevation below 300 meters

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ECAN zone Description Elevation Land cover Slope Habitat Others Multiple use zone Areas where the Built-up or < 18% slope Areas classified as landscape has been settlement areas (< 10.20 Alienable and modified for located in degrees) AND Disposable lands different forms of lowlands (less below 300 land use such as than 18% slope) meters intensive timber elevation extraction, grazing and pastures, agriculture and infrastructures development

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Table 53 Delineation of water resources into the different zones. ECAN zone General Criteria description Coastal/Marine This area shall be 1. Coral reefs with good to excellent coral core zone designated free cover condition or 50%-100% coral cover from any human 2. Coralline sites containing at least 50% of activity. This coral genera found in the management includes unit of live coral cover ranging from 25- sanctuaries for 50% rare and 3. Seagrass beds serving as link habitat of endangered the coral core zones and/or providing species, selected habitat to rare, threatened and endangered coral reefs, species seagrass and 4. Seagrass beds with at least 50% cover of mangrove more than one species of seagrass ecosystem 5. Seagrass beds with sightings or feeding reserves. tracks of Dugong dugon 6. Coastal/marine habitat of endangered species declared by IUCN or CITES, DA or DENR or the PCSD 7. Primary growth mangrove areas and all areas with standing mangrove forest cover except areas allocated for MSA, CBMFMA, ISF and FLA 8. Fish sanctuaries, spawning areas, nursery areas, breeding/feeding grounds, etc., identified/declared by PCSD, Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) or under local government zoning ordinance Coastal/Marine The multiple use zones are other coastal/marine areas outside of the multiple use core areas where compatible resource uses may be carried out. The zone multiple use zone shall further be subdivided into two major sub-zones (described below): the buffer zone and the sustainable (general) use zone. Coastal/Marine 1. Uninhabited islands or undeveloped multiple use zone portions thereof not subject to private - rights shall be classified as transition Transition/Buffer zone except when identified/declared as zone ancestral coastal/marine waters 2. Uninhabited islands or islets with an area of less than 500 hectares 3. Degraded small islands with an area of less than 500 hectares 4. Released areas for fishpond development which were utilized and abandoned including those not utilized for 5 years from the date of the release 5. Degraded habitats of endangered marine species 6. Denuded mangrove forest

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ECAN zone General Criteria description 7. Areas identified as contributing to important ecological processes such as spawning, nursery areas, breeding/feeding grounds that otherwise could have been classified as coastal- marine core zone but during the approval of these guidelines, these areas are occupied or have been released by virtue of existing laws or due to inappropriate management of local coastal marine areas. These areas shall be maintained for their existing use or a phase-out strategy shall be implemented in these areas reverting them to their natural state or for their appropriate uses. No further development, growth or expansion shall be allowed in these areas to encourage habitat enhancement or maintenance of the resource to increase production level or ecosystem maintenance Coastal/Marine It is the development area of the coastal/marine multiple use zone zone where different compatible and sustainable - Sustainable/ development activities may be carried out. The General use zone zone shall cover all coastal/marine areas not classified/delineated as core zone, buffer zone and ancestral coastal/marine waters. The LGU, if it so desires, may further classify/divide this zone into the following sub-zones: Communal Fishing Ground, Tourism Development Area, Visitor Use Area, Sustainable Development Area and etc.

C. Allowable Activities in the ECAN Zones

The ECAN Zones Management Guidelines’ main function is to define the allowable activities and prohibited uses of both land and aquatic resources geographically and spatially. This shall help in enabling strategies for conservation and protection of environment and natural resources from destructive and unsustainable uses. Table 54 shows the allowable and prohibited activities/uses in accordance to the ECAN Zone classification based on the SEP law and PCSDS resolutions. It will serve as guide of the Municipality of Busuanga in managing and updating the various ECAN zones present in the municipality.

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Table 54. Allowable Activities in the Terrestrial and Coastal ECAN Zones Component ECAN zone Allowable activities within the management zone Terrestrial Core Zone None, except for: (i) traditional uses of tribal communities for minimal and soft impact gathering of forest species for ceremonial and religious purposes, and (ii) Ecotourism activities as per PCSD Resolution 06-270. Buffer Zone- Limited and non-consumptive activities which Restricted Use include: gathering of wild honey; almaciga Zone tapping; soft-impact recreational activities (hiking, sight-seeing, bird watching); research; sustainable activities of indigenous peoples; ecosystem restoration or rehabilitation; and ecotourism activities as per PCSD Resolution 06-270. Buffer Zone- Strictly controlled mining; strictly controlled Restricted Use logging which is not for profit (i.e., communal Zone forest, CBFM, etc.); almaciga tapping; tourism development; Research; grazing; gathering of honey, rattan, and other minor forest products. Buffer Zone- Upland stabilization program; Catchment Traditional Use management; Hillside farming; industrial tree Zone plantation; reforestation; integrated social forestry; community-based forest management.

Multiple Use Timber extraction with community-based forest Zone management; grazing and pastures; agriculture; Infrastructure and industrial development; recreation; education; research; and other sustainable activities. Coastal/ Coastal/Marine None, except for: Marine core zone navigation purposes of the local fishing communities where there are no alternative routes; emergency situations such as navigational routes to save life and property; researches previously authorized by PCSD; and ecotourism activities as per PCSD Resolution 06- 270. Coastal/Marine Habitat restoration, rehabilitation and multiple use enhancement activities; zone – soft-impact activities (swimming/snorkeling; non- Transition/Buffer motored boating (row boats, kayaks, canoes, wind zone surfing, etc.); guided scuba diving;

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Component ECAN zone Allowable activities within the management zone fishing using highly-selected gears (i.e., hook & line and gill net) with specification to be determined by studies; pre-approved visit or educational activities; installation of environmental information boards); and resource enhancement activities.

Coastal/Marine All sustainable human activities, with certain multiple use development endeavors subject to the EIA system zone – and to other policies regulating development Sustainable/ projects. General use zone Tribal Tribal ancestral Activities based on the material and cultural needs ancestral zone of the indigenous peoples. lands Source: PCSD Resolution No. 05-250

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CHAPTER 5: PARTICIPATORY RESOURCE MAPPING

Participatory Resource Mapping (PRM) was an effective technique that utilized the local knowledge of the community in mapping out their environment. It was a powerful tool that allows every sector of the locality from every barangay to represent them spatially, bringing their local knowledge and perspectives to the attention of the government authorities and decision makers. It was based on the premise that the locals possessed expert knowledge of their community. PRM was used to create maps that represent different elements present in their community as it helps identifying and locating land and coastal/marine resources, traditional knowledge and practices, political boundaries, proposed and approved ancestral domains etc. This methodology has also been effective in documenting opportunities and threats in the areas concerned. In the subject of ECAN Resource Management Planning, resource maps were analyzed through the process of overlaying it with the ECAN Zone Map of the municipality. This process became significant in validating the existing ECAN Zone Map. The goal of the PRM was to generate resource maps as is one of the expected major inputs to an ECAN Zoning Plan through the conduct of ERMP. The generated maps are expected to be helpful in the formulating actions and programs in the ECAN Resource Management Planning as it provides substantial and supplemental information to the DPSIR Analysis. The specific objectives of PRM are the following: 1. To identify resources, threats and opportunities, present in the Municipality 2. To locate the pressures identified in the DPSIR Analysis 3. To aid in the updating of ECAN Zones of the municipality through validating if the resources present in the zones still comply with their zoning classification The conduct of participatory resource mapping was attended by representatives, specifically Barangays Chairman, secretaries, barangay councilors, from each of the barangays of the Busuanga municipality. For the convenience of the activity, the practicum team clustered the barangays into three, four to five barangays per day of the activity. The information gathered from the activity was validated on the last day of PRM and it was attended by representatives from the LGU.

Overlay Analysis and Conduct of Digitize Resource Maps Integration to Participatory Resouce Mapping Resource Maps and ECAN DPSIR and Zones Map ERMP

Figure 15. Methodological Framework of Participatory Resource Mapping

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With the base maps provided by the PCSD, the team asked the representatives to map out the land and coastal resources available in their respective barangays They were also asked to identify and locate the threats and opportunities in the area. The raw maps made by the representatives were digitized into resource maps by the team through the use of Arc GIS. The generated map of Busuanga is shown in Figure 16. To have a deeper analysis, the resource maps and ECAN Zone map of Busuanga municipality were overlayed as shown in Figures 17 and 18. Also this method was used to integrate the threats and opportunities in their respective zones and to analyse whether or not there are existing problems to the zones.

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Figure 16. Resource Map of Busuanga Municipality

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Figure 17. Busuanga ECAN Resource Overlay Map of Busuanga Municipality

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Figure 18. Sample Barangay showing the ECAN Overlay Resource Map with threats and opportunities

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Table 55. ECAN Matrix showing the resources, opportunities and threats in each of the zones present in the municipality ECAN ZONES TERRESTRIAL RESTRICTED CONTROLLED TRADITIONAL TERRESTRIAL MULTIPLE USE COASTAL COASTAL CORE CORE ZONE ZONE MULTIPLE USE ZONE ZONE RESOURCES Forest, Forest, Forest, Forest, Rice field Forest, Cropland, Residential, Resorts, Fishing Grounds, MPA, reef, White Mangroves, Watershed, Mountain, Rice field, Whitesand Beaches, Resort, Pearl Farms, sand, Fishing Agricultural land, Brushland, Limestone Brushland, Mangroves, Waterfalls, Seaweeds, Sea Grounds, Resort, Sea grass, white Grassland, Forest, Mountain, Grassland, Watershed, Nipa cucumber, sea Mangroves, ssand, safari, Restricted, Brushland, Plantation, Open Barren Land, Fish urchin, squid, fishes Endagered species brushland, crop Resort Resort, Port (sea cow/dugong, plantation, cave, seagrass) endemic flora and fauna OPPORTUNITIES Livelihood Water source, Sustainable Kaingin (source Presence of primary to teriary Seaweed Farming, Ecotourism, Opportunities: Establishment of timber extraction of livelihood and education, Pawn Shop, Cell sites, Use of baklad, Research, Small Yantok, Buho, Rural Watershed income) Commercial Establishment, Religious Livelihood Scale Fishing, Kawayan, System Institutions, Tourism (waterfalls, resort, (Tourism), Presence of Seagrass, diving sites),Disaster/Climate Change Voluntary Financial Dugong, Pawikan, mangroves), Prevention, Livelihood (coconut, buho, Assistance from Corals, Regulations Tourism (Safari), nipa, papaya, vegetables, rice), Pearl Farm, on MPA, Exisiting Driftwoods, Weaving from buho,Bird’s Nest Pangangawil, Plan for tourism Regulations for (Balinsasayaw), Livestock Production Breeding grounds development, Forest (pig, goat), Financial support of Red for fishes, crabs, and Existing Coast Conservation Cross for Poultry, Gravel and Sand other aquatic Guard and BFAR, Extraction, Lodging Houses, Support of creatures Active Participation MAO in the Provision of Insecticides, of Fisher folk, Alternative Livelihood (Vegetable Strong Community farming from DSWD) Relations for Monitoring THREATS Kaingin, Wildlife Forest Fire, Bird’s Nest El Nino Wildfire, El Nino, Improper Solid El Nino, Illegal Illegal Fishing, Poaching, Household (balinsasayaw), Waste Management , (Burning of Fishing(cyanide), Catching of Sea Chainsaw, El Water Supply, El Illegal Logging, waste), Illegal Logging, Light Material Use of baklad, Horse, Charcoal Nino, Harvesting Nino, Illegal Kaingin Farming, for Housing, Weakened Water Supply, Improper Solid Making of Mangroves, Logging, Chainsaw, Illegal use of drugs, Insufficient Waste Management, Illegal Logging Kaingin Terrorism irrigation, Quarry, Kaingin, Improper Large Fishing Drainage System, Vandalism (Port), Vessles, Use of Intrusion of Wildlife to Residential lambat Areas, Infestation of Black Bug, Charcoal Making

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With the process of overlaying the resource maps to the existing ECAN Zones Map, the resources, opportunities and threats in each of the terrestrial and coastal zone were identified. It can be seen that some of the natural resources are present in every zone but there were some that are unique in the specific zones present in the municipality of Busuanga. The results of the overlay also supplement the drivers and pressure from the DPSIR Analysis. The threats identified in the DPSIR Analysis were located in the resource maps generated. For closer analysis of the maps and the specific resources seen in every barangay, attached in the Annex are the resource maps and ECAN overlay maps per barangay.

A. Terrestrial Core Zone

In the terrestrial core zones, abundant number of flora and fauna were identified; among these are species that are endemic to the municipality like the Calamian deer and Lanete. Core zones were also identified to give the locality small scale livelihood as they acquire raw materials like Buho and Kawayan. This can also bring potential for ecotourism as this zone possess a wide range of natural resources and biodiversity. In the current ECAN Zone map, a wildlife sanctuary located in Calauit Island, that is classified as core zone is also deemed to bring tourism opportunities to the community. On the other hand, even though core zones were classified as areas prohibited for consumption and commercial uses, there were still threats listed such as kaingin, wildlife poaching, timber poaching and illegal harvesting of mangroves. Also, El Nino and natural disasters were the threats that are common in all zones. The major forest resources that are found in most of the terrestrial zones were: Yakal (Shorea astylosa), Ipil (Intsia bijuga), Narra (Pterocarpus indicus), Natok, Luboy, Malulumboy, Bintang, Taluto (Pterocymbium tinctorium) , Ironwood, Amorawin, Kandis, Kukolayan, Bunot-bunot, Kukunigan, Inaldong, Buringa, Rattan (Calameae), Banga, Saling, Buho (Schizostachyum lumampao), bagtu, I-gid, Kalamping, Dulu, Takut, inyam, Lumboy (Syzygium cumini), Kasoy (Anacardium occidentale), Mangga (Mangifera indica), Ilmuto, Guyabano (Annona muricata), Balimbing (Averrhoa carambola), Sampaloc (Tamarindus indica L.), Calamansi (Citrofortunella microcarpa), Ka-mun, Lanete (Wrightia pubescensR. Br.). While for the fauna, existence of Calamian deer (Hyelaphus calamianensis), Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis), Zebra (Equus quagga), Native wild pig, Bayawak, Snake, Pik- uy, Parrot, Owl, Monkey, Skunk Balikon, Wild Chicken were found, specifically on core zones.

B. Terrestrial Resticted Use Zone

Most of the forest resources are the same for most zones, presence of watersheds that were used as water source for the community were also identified in this area. This is in line with the allowed activities in this zone however, a few number of resorts were also noted. This is a conflict with the ECAN Zones Map as such commercial developments are not allowed in restricted use areas.

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C. Terrestrial Controlled Zone

Forest and brushland resources were also the same for this zone however when the resource maps were overlayed with the ECAN Zone Map, there were some conflicts on zoning. Limestone forests, which are classified as primary forests must be re-classified under core zones. In the current ECAN Maps, they were classified under controlled use zone. Sustainable timber extraction was classified as an opportunity as this zone allows controlled logging as long as it was not used for large commercial uses. Threats unique to this zone were illegal harvesting of Balinsasayaw’s nest and terrorism.

D. Terrestrial Traditional Use Zone

The most common resource on traditional use zones aside from the forest were agricultural resources such as rice fields. The practice of kaingin was identified as an opportunity in this zone as this small scale agricultural practice was considered a traditional activity and was mainly used for household consumption. The major threat to this zone is El Nino for this phenomenon can pose major damage to agricultural crops as well as the livelihood of those who practices such.

A. Terrestrial Multiple Use Zone

The resources seen in most of the terrestrial zones can also be seen in multiple use zone, the differences is that these zones have higher concentration of residential areas, infrastructures and commercial establishments. Most of human activities such as agriculture, grazing and pasture, infrastructure and industrial development, recreation, research, education and other sustainable activities are allowed in this zone making economic, livelihood and tourism opportunities abundant in the area. Threats unique to this zone are improper solid waste management, insufficient source of water, improper drainage system, illegal sand and gravel quarrying, intrusion of wildlife to residential areas caused by illegal logging and infestation of pests to agricultural products.

F. Coastal Multiple Use Zone

Coastal Multiple Use Zones were identified as areas for commercial and tourism uses. Located in this zones are fishing grounds, resorts and pearl farms. However, a marine protected area was also present in this zone, this is a conflict with the ECAN Zones Map as MPA should be under coastal core zones. There are also livelihood and tourism opportunities in this zone due to the presence of fishing grounds, seaweed farming, mariculture, use of baklad and resorts. The use of baklad in this zone was also seen as a threat as it traps marine species such as dugong and pawikan. Other threats to this zone were illegal fishing such as cyanide, dynamite and presence of large fishing vessels.

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G. Coastal Core Zone

Similar with the terrestrial core zone, thare are abundant number of flora and fauna species among these are endangered species of turtles and dugong. This is brought by the presence of high seagrass and coral cover in the area. The sightings of dugong and turtles can open potentials for ecotourism and researches. Even though commercial and tourism activities are prohibited in this zone, a number of resorts are seen located on some coastal core zone which is in conflict with the criteria of core zones. The identified opportunities present or done in coastal core zones are regualations on MPA, plans for tourism development, existence of coastal guards and active participation of fisher folks for coastal protection. Threats to coastal core zones are illegal fishing, illegal catching of marine species such as sea horse and illegal use of mangroves for charcoal making. (Note:The conflicts identified in specific zones were noted for future validation and updating of ECAN Zone Map of Busuanga municipality and for program and plan formulation.) The estimated hectares were calculated by using the geometric calculator feature of ArcMap. It enabled the practicum team to determine the magnitude of the areas that are needed to be delineated into their suggested ECAN Zones. It showed that the municipality of Busuanga has land areas that do not fit into their current classified ECAN Zones, however some data have not been calculated due to the data available, and there were no maps available to calculate the estimated hectares of such. The table shows the barangays in the municipality with existing areas that are not in conformity with the current ECAN Zoning. These areas have been identified by overlaying the ECAN map of Busuanga to the generated resource maps. It has been found out that most conflicts concern the coastal core zone of the municipality, for this zone is being used as fishing grounds, residential areas, as well as places for building resorts. With such issues, it has been suggested that most of the concerned zones should be delineated into multiple use zones. The current core zone of the Calauit Island is also being raised because of the existing Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title of the indigenous people residing in the island. It is suggested that the Calauit Island shall be delineated as a tribal zone in the municipality. These results will be used by the Palawan Council for Sustainable Development and the Local Government Unit of Busuanga for validating and updating the current ECAN zones present in the municipality.

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H. ECAN Zone Issues

Table 56. Identified issues in the ECAN Zones raised in the Participatory Resource Mapping Action Current Suggested Estimated Taken Barangay ECAN ECAN Conflict/ Issue Hectares (Accept/ Zone Zone (Ha) Reject/For validation) Buluang Controlled Core  Limestone forests, 26.83 For which are validation considered as primary forest, are located in controlled use zone Calauit Island Core Tribal  This area has an 3,940.09 For issued CADT validation Concepcion Multiple Restricted  Watershed located 60.39 For Use under Multiple validation Use Zone Maglalambay Core and Multiple  Presence of No For Restricted residential area in available validation Core Zone map New Multiple Restricted  Watershed located No For Busuanga Use under Multiple available validation Use Zone map New Coastal Multiple  Presence of fishing No For Busuanga Core Core Use grounds in Coastal available validation Zone Core Zone coastal ECAN map Old Core Zone Multiple  Presence of For Busuanga Use residential area in 6.27 validation Core Zone Old Busuanga Coastal Multiple  Presence of resorts No For Core Zone Use in coastal Core available validation Zone map Quezon Multiple  BPR located in No For Use Multiple Use Zone available validation map Quezon Coastal Multiple  Presence of resort No For core zone Use in Coastal Core available validation Zone coastal ECAN map Quezon Coastal MPA  Plan to convert No For Core mangrove areas available validation into protected area coastal ECAN map Sagrada Core Zone Multiple  Presence of 3.2 For Use residential area in validation Core Zone Salvacion Restricted Controlled  Criteria for For (Dimipac and below restricted zone validation Island) Page | 104

Action Current Suggested Estimated Taken Barangay ECAN ECAN Conflict/ Issue Hectares (Accept/ Zone Zone (Ha) Reject/For validation) doesn’t seem to fit the current zone. (Slope/Elevation)  Presence of resort in the area

San Rafael Core Zone Multiple  Presence of No For Use residential area in available validation Core Zone map Sto. Nino Restricted Multiple  Presence of For Use Use residential area in No validation Restricted Zone available map

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CHAPTER 6: Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) Analysis

The DPSIR Framework (Driver, Pressure, State, Impact and Response) was used in integrating and analyzing the threats present in the municipality. According to Kristensen (2004), DPSIR framework shows a link between the elements from ‘driving forces’ (economic sectors, human activities) through ‘pressures’ (emissions, waste) to ‘states’(physical, chemical and biological) and ‘impacts’ on ecosystems, human health and functions eventually leading to political ‘responses’ (prioritisation, target setting, indicators). This strategy can help planners and policy makers to develop programs and policies that will address the problems identified. In this study, PCSDS suggested to include gap and proposed actions in the matrix in order to have a more in-depth analysis of the problems identified. The DPSIR matrix was formulated through the compilation of data gathered from KII and research. The interviews were done by using the field instrument provided by the PCSDS. The field instrument was designed according to the DPSIR matrix. The analysis was done per zone. The DPSIR analysis was used mainly to be able to develop and recommend programs and projects that will be effective for the local area of interest. These programs and projects aim to contribute to sustainable development of the municipality. Figure 20 illustrates the framework used in the analaysis.

Specifically, the analysis aims to: 1. Identify the threats/problems in the municipality 2. Identify current initiatives and proposed actions to address the threats 3. Serve as basis of ECAN guidelines, programs, and projects that will be used in the plan

Figure 19. DPSIR Assessment Framework

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A. DPSIR Matrices The succeeding tables are DPSIR matrices for each of the ECAN Zones in the municipality; Table 57. DPSIR Matrix of Core Zone (Terrestrial) Driver Pressure State Impact Response Gap Proposed Action Need for food Wildlife poaching  Decrease in • Ecological • Designation of guards • Ineffective • Strengthen implementation of and extra number Imbalance for monitoring monitoring of policies regarding wildlife (e.g. income of wildlife species purposes guards Wildlife Resources and Conservation and Protection Act, RA 9147) • Conduct IEC campaigns about the protection of wildlife • Establish a wildlife protection unit for a stricter patrolling and monitoring system/scheme within the community • Provide alternative livelihoods to local communities engaged in hunting wildlife for food and trade • Habitat rehabilitation

Need for food Unsustainable • Dried out • Weakened water • Conduct of IECs • No clear • Increase budget for programs and livelihood agricultural and streams source • Designation of PNP designated area concerned with the protection forest practices • Decrease in • Intensified global for monitoring for cutting trees and conservation of forest (Kaingin farming) forest area/cover warming purposes • Report system on • Stricter implementation of PD • Occurrences of • Stricter illegal activities 705 (Revised Forestry Code) soil erosion, implementation of are not efficient • Provide alternative livelihood flashfloods, and policies and • Tradition is (e.g. handicraft making, siltation programs addressing incorporated in dugong key chain making, etc.) unsustainable community’s • Establish a law enforcement agricultural practices values, resulting and monitoring team (e.g. Community in

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Driver Pressure State Impact Response Gap Proposed Action Based Forest continuous Management, etc.) practice of • Regulations on kaingin farming prohibiting unsustainable agricultural practices and minor forest product gathering

Need for Timber poaching • Decrease in • Loss of habitat for • Creation of Bantay • Lack of human • Formulate stronger ordinances income, forest area/cover wildlife species Gubat resources • Stricter implementation of livelihood, and • Destruction of • Intensified climate • Enforcement of laws • No clear ordinances (PD 705 ) raw materials large trees change (e.g. RA 9175: designated area • Establish a monitoring team • Decrease in water Chainsaw Act of for cutting trees • Establish a timber inventory absorption 2001, CBFM, EO • No group mechanism capacity 23, and NIPAS Act) assigned for • Continue enrichment planting • Occurrences of • Designation of PNP monitoring and reforestation flashflood, for monitoring siltation, and soil purposes erosion • Reforestation

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Table 58. DPSIR Matrix of Core Zone (Coastal) Driver Pressure State Impact Response Gap Proposed Action Need for Harvesting of • Decrease in • Habitat loss • Stricter • Inefficient monitoring • Provide alternative livelihood livelihood Corals number of for species monitoring system in the harvest of • Establish surveillance and monitoring team corals of fishes and on the corals other sea harvest of creatures corals • Conduct of IECs

Need for Continuous • Unclear • Decrease in • Conduct of • Differences of • Strengthen IEC income conduct of fishing boundaries of number of IECs knowledge/information • Stricter monitoring and and other MPA underwater regarding MPAs and their livelihood prohibited species territories activities in the MPAs because of conflicting knowledge regarding MPAs

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Table 59. DPSIR Matrix of Buffer Zone (Restricted) Driver Pressure State Impact Response Gap Proposed Action Need for Mangrove • Old growth • Less • Initiatives of NGO (e.g. • Monitoring • Provide alternative livelihood (e.g. raw cutting mangrove forest buffer mangrove planting and system is not handicraft making, dugong key chain materials was depleted in area for rehabilitation) efficient making) for the past. potential • Enforcement of laws (e.g. • Continue NGO initiatives housing • Only Calauit hazards PCSD Administrative • Mark and protect mangrove biodiversity island has an and Order 11: Rules and hotspots extensive disasters regulations governing the • Conduct IECs mangrove cover. conservation and • Stricter monitoring and implementation The other protection of mangrove of laws (e.g. PCSD Administrative Order barangays have areas, Republic Act 8550: 11: Rules and regulations governing the varying degrees Revised Fisheries Code) conservation and protection of mangrove of mangrove areas, Republic Act 8550: Revised degradation. Fisheries Code) • Create task force for monitoring Need for Timber • Decreased forest • More • Enforcement of laws and • No • Implement appropriate ordinances livelihood poaching area prone to policies on limited use of established • Stricter implementation of ordinances landslide resources penalties for (PD 705) • Degradati • Designation of Bantay violators • Establish a monitoring team on of the Gubat with representative • Establish a timber inventory mechanism forest from DENR • Enrich tree planting and reforestation ecosystem • Reforestation activities • Establish of tree festivals to encourage community participation • Provide alternative sources of livelihood (e.g. handicraft making, dugong key chain making, etc.) Need for Unsustaina • Decrease in • Incidence • Conduct of IEC • Insufficient • Increase budget for programs concerned food, ble forest area of soil • Designation of PNP for monitoring with the protection and conservation of livelihood agricultural erosion, monitoring purposes system forest

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Driver Pressure State Impact Response Gap Proposed Action , raw and forest • Decrease in the flashflood • Stricter implementation of • Stricter implementation of PD 705 materials practices number of trees , siltation policies and programs (Revised Forestry Code) (Kaingin and addressing unsustainable • Provide alternative livelihood farming) landslide agricultural practices (e.g. • Establish a law enforcement and Community Based Forest monitoring team Management, etc.) • Regulations on prohibiting unsustainable agricultural practices and minor forest product gathering

Table 60. DPSIR Matrix of Buffer Zone (Controlled) Driver Pressure State Impact Response Gap Proposed Action Need for Illegal • Decrease in • Degradation • Creation of Bantay Gubat • Lack of human • Implement appropriate ordinances livelihood logging forest area of the forest • Enforcement of laws (e.g. RA resources • Stricter implementation of ordinances (PD and environmen 9175: Chainsaw Act of 2001, • Lenient 705, ) income t CBFM, EO 23, NIPAS) implementation • Establish a monitoring team • Decreased • Designation of PNP for of policies • Establish a timber inventory mechanism flood monitoring purposes • Continue enrichment planting and resiliency • Reforestation reforestation

Need for Excavating • Decreased soil • Soil Erosion • Establishment of monitoring • Operation • Establish/Practice proper communication livelihood for quarry quality team without between LGU and private companies and raw without • On hand committee on approved • Review and update fees, charges, and materials issuance of environment from ECAN permits requirements for permit issuance permits board

Need for Wildlife • Decrease number • Disrupted • Designation of guards for • Ineffective • Strengthen implementation of policies livelihood poaching of wildlife ecological monitoring purposes monitoring regarding wildlife (e.g. Wildlife Resources species balance system

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Driver Pressure State Impact Response Gap Proposed Action and Conservation and Protection Act, RA 9147) • Conduct IEC campaigns in the protection of wildlife • Establish a wildlife protection unit for a stricter patrolling and monitoring system/scheme within the community • Provide alternative livelihoods to local communities engaged in hunting wildlife for food and trade • Rehabilitate wildlife habitat Need for Unsustainabl • Decreased forest • Weakened • Conduct of IECs • Limited funds • Increase budget for programs concerned livelihood e agricultural area water • Designation of PNP for • Ineffective with the protection and conservation of and forest supply monitoring purposes monitoring forest practices • Stricter implementation of system • Stricter implementation of PD 705 (Revised (Kaingin policies and programs Forestry Code) farming) addressing unsustainable • Provide alternative livelihood (e.g. agricultural practices (e.g. handicraft making, dugong key chain Community Based Forest making) Management, etc.) • Establish a law enforcement and monitoring • Regulations on prohibiting team unsustainable agricultural • Continue reforestation practices and minor forest product gathering

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Driver Pressure State Impact Response Gap Proposed Action Need for Illegal • Species such as • Decrease in • Creation of Bantay- Dagat • Lack in • Stricter implementation of laws (e.g. RA livelihood fishing (use snappers and number of • Enforcement of laws on manpower 10654, etc.) of sodium groupers were fishes and coastal management • Limited budget • Establish law enforcement team (municipal for fishing) already few in corals • Designation of police for fishing and aquatic resources management number lookout council and the barangay counterpart) • Designate more people to work for the protection of MPAs • Monitor and regulate trade of live fish • Encourage active involvement of local fishers organization

Table 61. DPSIR Matrix of Buffer Zone (Traditional) Driver Pressure State Impact Response Gap Proposed Action Need for Illegal • Fish production • Decrease • Creation of Bantay-Dagat • Presence of • Stricter implementation of laws (RA 10654) livelihood fishing declined by 22.4% in fish • Enforcement of law on coastal supplies that • Establish a law enforcement team (municipal in a period of 7 catch management support fishing and aquatic resources management years due to illegal • Destructio • Establishment of monitoring cyanide fishing council and the barangay counterpart) fishing activities n of coral team (PNP, LGU) • Designate more people to work for the and encroachment reefs protection of MPAs of commercial • Monitor and regulate trade of live fish fishing vessels in • Active involvement of local fishers municipal waters. organization (Busuanga Framework, 2006) Need for Unsustaina • Decrease in forest • Areas • Conduct of IECs • Report system • Increase budget for programs concerned with food and ble area more prone • Designation of PNP for on illegal the protection and conservation of forest livelihood agricultural • Degraded forests to flooding monitoring purposes activities are • Stricter implementation of PD 705 (Revised and forest • Depleted woods and • Stricter implementation of not efficient Forestry Code) practices landslide policies and programs

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Driver Pressure State Impact Response Gap Proposed Action (Kaingin • Incidence addressing unsustainable • Provide alternative livelihood (e.g. handicraft farming) of soil agricultural practices (e.g. making, dugong key chain making, etc.) erosion Community Based Forest • Establish a law enforcement and monitoring also affects Management, etc.) team the coastal • Regulations on prohibiting • Reforestation area unsustainable agricultural • Develop farming systems adaptive to climate • Increase in practices and minor forest change temperatur product gathering • Establish full agricultural diversification e • Tree planting activities by among small holder farmers and farmers LGU and NGO organizations • Encourage substantial investment from both government, private, and NGOs Need for Use of • Increased interest in • Continuous • Support through provision of • Limited funds • Provide funds for research proper site inappropri agricultural eagerness materials for research such as • Involve schools in the municipality in the for ate site for researches in seeds conduct of researches research research conducting researches Need for Unsustaina • Decreased forest • Incidence • Bureau of Animal Industry • Lack of • Provide settlement areas or designate areas housing ble area of (BAI) leads the preservation of residential area for residential purposes extraction landslide trees in the forest of timber • Degradatio and woods n of the forest ecosystem

Need for Lack of • Reduced quality of • Low • Establishment of small farm • Lack of • Repair damaged irrigation canals and enough irrigation land and yield income reservoir consultation construct new irrigation facilities for water system • Existing project proposals for from various irrigable upland areas supply , water source stakeholders • Tap other sources of water in order to livelihood improve capacities of irrigation facilities and food

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Driver Pressure State Impact Response Gap Proposed Action • Organize capacity building activities for farmers to improve management of irrigation systems • Develop public and private partnership for small and large scale irrigation

Table 62. DPSIR Matrix of Multiple Use Zone Driver Pressure State Impact Response Gap Proposed Action Need for Limited • Western • Difficulty • Searching for possible source • Limited • Prioritize funding specifically for tertiary education degree Philippines of of fund support from education programs and University is students to LGU • Request tertiary schools in Palawan to teachers subjected to close attend establish extension of campuses in Busuanga (tertiary tertiary level) school • Low number of college graduate Need for Poor quality • Some roads are • Low • Initiatives from Department of • Limited funds • Counterpart from LGU regarding financial accessibili of access and still not open for accessibili Tourism for road construction assistance ty for farm to use ty to • Existing proposal for road • Propose plans for road construction tourism market roads • Unpaved roads services construction addressed to national government and • Low farm • Started upgrading access roads delivery of productivi • Additional infrastructure farm ty investment from the national products government, development partners, and private investors

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Driver Pressure State Impact Response Gap Proposed Action Need for Poor • Malfunctioning of • Arable • Proposed irrigation projects • Some of the • Encourage participation of community for source of irrigation national irrigation lands that but some are not yet approved proposed development/rehabilitation of irrigation water for system system in some were not irrigation systems irrigation parts of the reached projects of the • Provide more irrigation facilities municipality by the municipality • Repair damaged irrigation canals and national are not yet construct new irrigation facilities for irrigation approved irrigable upland areas system are • Tap other sources of water in order to not improve capacities of irrigation facilities cultivated • Organize capacity building for farmers to improve management of irrigation systems • Develop public and private partnership for small and large scale irrigation Need for Gravel and • Some mountains • Areas • Licensing of extractors by the • Lack of • Review and update fees, charges, and raw sand have quarry sites became PMRB political will requirements for issuance of license and materials extraction prone to permit for road landslide • Stricter monitoring of areas for gravel and constructi sand extraction on Need for Emergence • Continuous • Increase • Apprehension of illegal • No concrete • Arrange agreements between LGU and livelihood of migrants increase of in crime settlers actions for this migrants/illegal settlers concerning legal and illegal informal settlers rate matter process of residing in the municipality settlers (migrants) • About 65% of the population added annually is due to in-migration. (Busuanga Framework, 2006)

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Driver Pressure State Impact Response Gap Proposed Action Need for Encroachme Fish production • Destructio • Apprehension of illegal • Lack of • Stricter coastal management law enforcement commerci nt of illegal declined by 22.4% n of coral commercial fishing vessels manpower for (FARMC, PNP, fisher folk associations) al commercial in a period of 7 reefs monitoring • Establish MENRO to strengthen coastal law livelihood fishing years due to illegal purposes enforcement vessels fishing activities and encroachment of commercial fishing vessels in municipal waters. (Busuanga Framework, 2006) Need for Illegal Fish production • Decrease • Monitoring system headed by • Lack of • Stricter implementation of laws and policies livelihood fishing declined by 22.4% in number fisher folk organizations manpower for (RA 10654, PCSD Administrative Order No. practices in a period of 7 of fish and monitoring 5: Revised guidelines for the accreditation, (e.g. years due to illegal corals purposes regulation, and monitoring of live fish dynamite, fishing activities and catching culture and transport and trading in cyanide, use encroachment of Palawan) of commercial fishing • Establish law enforcement team (municipal compressor, vessels in municipal fishing and aquatic resources management incompliance waters. council and the barangay counterpart) to fishing • Designate more people to work for the regulations) protection of areas • Monitor and regulate trade of live fish • Encourage active involvement of local fishers organization • Provide alternative livelihood opportunities, trainings and seminars (e.g. backyard gardening, livestock production) • Conduct IEC campaigns, assembly meetings, trainings by NGOs • Allocate funding and equipment for fisher folk • Strengthen Bantay-Dagat

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Driver Pressure State Impact Response Gap Proposed Action • Review qualifications to ensure fair process for registration Need for Expansion of • Less fishing areas • Reduce in • Approval of permits by LGU • Political • Demarcation of areas bounded by pearl farms additional pearl farms for farmers for number of conflicts • Review and updat pearl farming guidelines income due to fisherfolks fish catch arising unclear boundaries of areas devoted for pearl farming Need for Cutting of • Reduced • Reduced • Formulation of policies • Monitoring • Provide alternative livelihood (e.g. handicraft raw mangroves mangrove cover buffer prohibiting mangrove system is making, dugong key chain making, etc.) materials areas extraction inefficient • Continue NGO initiatives for • Arresting violators • Mark and protect mangrove biodiversity housing • Mangrove rehabilitation hotspots and need • Conduct IECs for • Stricter monitoring and implementation of livelihood laws (e.g. PCSD Administrative Order 11: (charcoal Rules and regulations governing the making) conservation and protection of mangrove areas, Republic Act 8550: Revised Fisheries Code) • Continue advocacy for preservation of mangroves • Create task force for monitoring

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Table 63. DPSIR Matrix of Tribal Zone Pressure State Impact Response Gap Proposed Action Damaging, Minor damage in • Lack of sense of • Enforcement of laws • Lack of clear • Regular meetings defacing, harming, caves place/home for IPs concerning ancestral communication between between IPs and LGU marring of caves domain LGU and IPs • Strict implementation of RA 9072 Lack of centers for • Representation of IP in • Establish infrastructures IP culture Sangguniang Bayan for IPs

Land ownership No clear land • Presence of conflict • Establishment of • Limited fund • Hold meetings issues (no clear boundaries partnerships with constantly with boundaries, illegal organizations development agencies settlers) • Conduct of meetings with • Strengthen partnerships development agencies with other • Addressed letter to court organizations for ancestral domain • Review and update land claims use plan of LGU • Cases were brought to court

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Based from tables above, each pressure is caused by the usual drivers such as the need for food, income and raw materials. Each pressure has effects on the current state of the environment which were also shown in the table. The pressure also causes impacts to the environment as well as in the socio- economic aspect. There are current actions being done by the municipality in order to address these pressures. These are shown in the table as the responses. Gaps in the responses were also identified in order to strengthen these current initiatives. Proposed actions were included in the framework to further address the problem. From the tables above, pressures occurring in most of the zones are only the ones going to be tackled. Table 56-58 shows that timber poaching is the pressure present in the core zone and buffer zone. This leads to loss in the habitat of animal species, intensified impact from climate change, decreased resiliency to floods, siltation, and soil erosion. Actions implemented by the local government are the following: enforcement through Bantay Gubat taskforce, PNP monitoring, reforestation activities, and enforcement of RA 9175 (Chainsaw Act of 2001), CBFM, and EO 23. Despite these solutions, suggested actions include the following: formulate stronger ordinances, establish a specific monitoring and evaluation team, establish a timber inventory mechanism, and continue reforestation. Related to this is the occurring unsustainable farming practices (kaingin farming) which specifically occurs in the core zone and buffer zone. This activity contributed to the decrease in forest areas, which further leads to reduced resiliency to flooding, siltation, and soil erosion. Actions in response to this problem include the following: IEC campaigns, assignment of a monitoring team, stricter implementation of policies, and the formulation of policies regarding unsustainable farming practices (kaingin farming). Another pressure identified was wildlife poaching, which occurs in the core zone and buffer zone. Impacts of this activity to the environment include disruption in the ecological balance through the decrease in the number of animal species. Occurring actions to stop this activity includes the assignment of group of people who are assigned to monitor the activities involving wildlife poaching. Despite this, suggested actions to further improve the status of wildlife poaching are the following: strengthen RA 9147, conduct IEC campaigns, and establishment and operationalization of a wildlife protection unit, habitat rehabilitation, and provision of alternative livelihood.

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B. Synthesis of PRM AND DPSIR The Ecological Profiling, Participatory Resource Mapping and DPSIR analysis were effective tools in integrating resources, threats and opportunities present in Busuanga, Palawan. Ecological Profiling provided baseline information of the different development sectors of the locale, including resources, threats, and opportunities evident in the municipality; PRM provided a spatial location of the resources, threats and opportunities in the municipality; while, DPSIR analysis helped in understanding the current status of the resources, threats, and opportunities identified. In the conduct of PRM, the representatives’ local knowledge had been very useful in identifying the resources, threats, and opportunities in their respective barangays. Resources in different land areas such as mangroves, nipa plantations, forest area, fishing grounds, and brush lands had been identified. Also, livelihood, ecotourism, and maintenance of environmental integrity through regulatory measures which serve as opportunities were located in the map. Threats had also been identified in the ECAN zones of the barangays. It had complemented data obtained from the Ecological Profiling of the municipality and it had been helpful in identifying where the existing pressures from the DPSIR framework are located. The ECAN overlay resource maps helped in identifying if the zones are still harmonized with the current zoning classification of the municipality. Thus, the generated maps can be used in the updating of its ECAN Zones. On the other hand, DPSIR analysis helped in understanding the current status of the zones present in the municipality by identifying the threats, and current and proposed actions to address the threats. Results from these methods were consolidated to provide recommendations and strategies to draft sustainable management plan for the threats in each zones. Each method served as a tool to validate information obtained from each method.

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CHAPTER 7: ECAN ZONES MANAGEMENT PLAN

In adopting Environmental Zoning, the main strategy of the SEP Law, the province of Palawan has undergone ecanization. Environmental Zoning has the main goal which is to allocate, in a sound and rationale way, land and water use whose underlying principle is to support socio-economic development within the limits or thresholds of ecosystem resiliency (PCSDS, 2006). This will help determine the development activities best applicable to each zone. Meanwhile, ecanization, is the process of delineating and marking the boundaries of the different zones in both land and sea, ensures the identification of prescribed activities and resource use for each zone, together with the enforcement of regulatory measures to prevent practices that are destructive of the environment (PCSD Resolution No. 94-44, Section 4). The ultimate goal of ECAN zoning and ECAN zones management is to safeguard the natural wealth and ecosystem of Palawan through its conservation and protection in order to maintain the ecosystem services and sustainable yield from these resources (PCSDS, 2006).

A. ECAN Zones of Busuanga, Palawan

Municipal Breakdown of ECAN zones The table below shows the breakdown of the different ECAN zones present in the Municipality of Busuanga, Palawan. It can be observed that the Municipality of Busuanga mostly comprised of Multiple Use Zone (43.9%) and have the least composition of Coastal Buffer Zone (less than 1%).

Table 63. Percentage Composition of ECAN Zones in the municipality ECAN ZONE AREA (Ha) % OF MUNICIPAL AREA Core zone 7,423 16.7 Core Zone (Protected Area) 3,667 8.2 Restricted use zone 3,098 7.0 Controlled use zone 5,932 13.3 Traditional use zone 3,767 8.5 Multiple use zone 19,544 43.9 Coastal Multiple Zone: Buffer 170 0.4 (Islands) Coastal Multiple Use Zone: 1, 108 2.1 Sustainable use (Islands) TOTAL 44, 539 100.0 Source: PCSDS, 2006

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Figure20. The ECAN Map of the Municipality of Busuanga

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Threats to ECAN Resources and Sustainable Development

On the other hand, the table below shows the existing threats to land and water resources of the Municipality of Busuanga derived from the DPSIR Framework.

Table 64. Threats evident among different zones of land and water resources in the Municipality of Busuanga ZONES ECOSYSTEM Terrestrial Coastal Wildlife poaching Harvesting of Corals Unsustainable agricultural and Conflicting knowledge regarding Core Zone forest practices (Kaingin farming) MPA Illegal logging Illegal fishing (dynamite and cyanide) Mangrove cutting Illegal logging Buffer Zone: Unsustainable agricultural and Restricted forest practices (Kaingin farming) Illegal logging Illegal fishing (use of sodium for fishing) Excavating for quarry without Buffer Zone: issuance of permits Controlled Wildlife poaching Unsustainable agricultural and forest practices (Kaingin farming) Unsustainable agricultural and Illegal fishing forest practices (Kaingin farming) Increase interest in agricultural Buffer Zone: researches Traditional Unsustainable extraction of timber and woods Lack of irrigation system Limited courses and teachers Encroachment of illegal (tertiary level) commercial fishing vessels Lack of access and farm to Illegal fishing (dynamite, Multiple Use market roads cyanide, use of compressor, Zone incompliance to fishing regulations) Poor national irrigation Unclear boundaries of areas devoted to pearl farming Gravel and sand extraction Unsustainable cutting of mangroves

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ZONES ECOSYSTEM Presence of migrants and illegal settlers Cause of damage of caves Tribal Use Lack of centers for IP culture Zone Land ownership issues (no clear boundaries, illegal settlers)

B. ECAN Zones Management Guidelines Objectives of zoning guidelines

The ECAN Zones Management Guidelines is anchored on attaining sustainable environmental, socio- institutional and economic objectives. In achieving these strategies, sustainable use of resources are expected to materialize. Specifically, the following objectives are as follows;

Environmental Objectives: 1) Conserve natural resources and protect biodiversity rich areas, important life support ecosystems, and environmentally-critical areas; 2) Rehabilitate natural habitats and degraded ecosystems; 3) Protect rare, threatened and endangered species of wildlife and flora; and 4) Reduce the incidence of illegal and destructive uses of environment and natural resources

Social and Institutional Objectives: 1) Promote stakeholders participation in the enforcement of zoning regulations; 2) Strengthen the capability of ECAN boards to implement the guidelines and enforce land/marine use regulations; 3) Improve the awareness and concerns of local communities towards environmental protection, ECAN zones and allowable/prohibited uses of land/marine resources, sustainable production that will cascade to advocacy and action; and 4) Proper assistance (house lot relocation and livelihood support) to communities which shall be affected or dislocated in the implementation of the ECAN zoning guidelines.

Economic objectives: 1) Identify areas for sustainable production and inclusion under DENR’s Community-Based Forest Management (CBFM), coastal area management, and related subsidized programs of the government in order to direct development within suitable environments;

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2) Regulate the extraction of natural resource to optimize production without destroying natural capital base (e.g., optimal volume and timing of bird’s nest harvesting, non-destructive means of catching live fish and the optimum harvest rate, regulated almaciga tapping, and environmentally safe methods for small scale mining, etc.); and 3) Identify areas for development (e.g., tourism) and production (agro-forestry, agriculture, plantation forestry, orchard, pasture, etc.) to generate income for local communities and improve socio-economic conditions.

Table 65. ECAN zones management goals and framework applicable to Busuanga Municipality ECAN Zonal Goals Zonal Management Objectives Of ECAN Zones Framework Zones Management (Sep Law, Section 7) Core zone Ecological Biodiversity conservation; 1. Forest conservation and (land and Integrity Coastal resource and MPA protection, water) management (for coastal) 2. Protection of watersheds, Buffer Water Watershed management 3. Preservation of biological zone: Sufficiency diversity, Restricted 4. Protection of indigenous use area peoples and preservation of Buffer Food Upland forest management their culture, zone: Security and 5. Maintenance of maximum Controlled Upland sustainable yield, use and Stabilization 6. Protection of rare and Traditional endangered species and their use areas habitat, and Multiple Food Lowland and urban area 7. provision of areas for use zone Security management; environmental research, (land and and Sustainable agriculture; education, and training, and water) Sustainable Coastal resource and MPA 8. provision of areas for Industries & management (for coastal) tourism and recreation. Services

Management Strategies for ECAN Zones According to the PCSD, the various threats to ECAN Zones in general can be prevented or minimized by adopting the following management strategies: 1) Protection and preservation 2) Restoration for protection 3) Restoration for sustainable use or conservation 4) Rehabilitation 5) Reclamation or conversion into other uses Page | 126

6) Conflict resolution

The general resource management strategies are: 1) Protection and preservation measures are applied to highly threatened and important ecosystems and natural resources. This strategy is usually in the form of a regulation or restriction, prohibits any use of natural resources and activity in a critical ecosystem.

2) Restoration and rehabilitation measures are applied to degraded but important ecosystem and natural resources (e.g., denuded critical watersheds, degraded coral reefs, etc.). After their restoration or rehabilitation, these ecosystems and natural resources are either classified as protection/preservation areas or conservation areas with limited uses.

3) Conservation and sustainable use measures are applied to ecosystems and natural resources which are needed by the community for survival and livelihood, and for economic development. However, these ecosystems and resources should be used judiciously without compromising their ecological integrity to be able to sustain their ecological functions while at the same time providing material goods to their users.

4) Reclamation measures are employed to convert unproductive areas into more productive uses without causing negative impacts on the environment as a whole. For example, unproductive grasslands and shrublands are for examples converted to agricultural areas or settlements. Shrublands may be converted into forest plantation as source of timber and fuelwood.

Table 66. Ecosystems and its corresponding management strategies

ECOSYSTEM / NATURAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES RESOURCES Primary/closed canopy forest Protection/Preservation Secondary growth forest Conservation Restoration/Rehabilitation Brushlands Reclamation Restoration/Rehabilitation Sustainable Use Grasslands Sustainable Use Mangrove Forest Protection Conservation Restoration/Rehabilitation Endangered Habitat and endangered Protection species of flora and fauna Coral Reefs and seagrasses Protection and conservation Fisheries Conservation Sustainable Use Marine mammals and sea turtles Protection

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ECAN Zones for Protection and Preservation Areas for protection and preservation are highly restricted to any human activities defined under the ECAN Zones Management Guidelines. These include Core zone and Strict Protection Zone such as; a) primary/closed canopy forest b) mangrove forest c) limestone/karst forest d) habitat of endangered flora and fauna e) biodiversity hotspots (flora, fauna, coral reefs, seagrasses, reef fish, marine mammals and sea turtles ) f) habitat of endangered marine mammals and turtles

ECAN Zones for Restoration Areas for restoration are reverted back to core zone, strict protection zone, controlled use zone or multiple use zone depending on the ecological features of the area being restored. Listed below are the set of criterion (ecological features) considered:

a) areas with slope above 50% with marginal or no forest cover (restored to core zone) b) areas with slope of 36-50% with marginal or no forest cover (restored to strict protection zone) c) areas with slopes of 18-35% with marginal or no forest cover (restored to controlled use zone or traditional use zone) d) mangrove areas with idle and abandoned fishponds (restored to strict protection zone) e) degraded habitat of endangered fauna and marine mammals/sea turtles (restored to core zone)

ECAN Zones for Rehabilitation Areas for rehabilitation are those ecosystems which are either degraded, denuded or polluted. Moreover, these areas require interventions such as reforestation, replanting, and adoption of pollution control measures. Prescribed ECAN Zones are as follows; a) denuded watersheds b) denuded mangrove areas (sparse mangrove areas) c) brushlands (>18% slope) d) denuded forest lands (>18% forest land without forest cover) e) grasslands (>18% slope) f) denuded Seagrass beds (<31% cover or sparse Seagrass beds which are grazing areas of dugong and other commercially important fish species) g) degraded coral reefs (<50% live cover) h) degraded kaingin areas or marginal upland agriculture areas (>18% slope) i) polluted and silted coastal waters

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ECAN Zones for Reclamation or Conversion into Other Uses Areas with the following attributes are suggested as sites for reclamation or conservation; a) Grasslands (0-18% slope) b) Brushlands (0-18% slope) c) Agricultural lands (poor soil fertility)

ECAN Zones for Conservation and Sustainable Use Areas for conservation and sustainable use include the following ECAN Zones: a) Controlled use zone b) Traditional use zone c) Multiple use zone d) Intact secondary growth forest e) Community-Based Forest Plantation where controlled logging is allowed f) Areas where sustainable mining projects are allowed g) Areas where agroforestry uses exist h) Communal fishing grounds i) Tourism development areas (diving sites and terrestrial and marine nature parks) j) Areas for settlements (built-up areas and infrastructure) k) Lowland agriculture and pasture areas l) Aquaculture and mariculture areas

ECAN Zones for Conflict Resolution Areas for conflict resolution are those areas with existing or proposed uses contradictory toupdated ECAN zoning; a) Built-up areas within core zones or restricted use zones b) CADTs within core zones or restricted use zones c) A&D lands within core zones d) Titled small islands or small islands for construction of tourism facilities e) Settlements within Protected Areas (NIPAS) f) Tourism within marine core zones g) Infrastructures (roads, power plants) within core zones h) Mining within protected areas (NIPAS) i) Fishpond in mangrove areas j) Urban development within Network of Protected Areas for Agriculture and Agroindustrial Development (NPAAD)

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C. ECAN Zones Management Program Formulation

DPSIR Frameworks (Tables 56- 62) were further used to generate other tables that served as reference for formulating plans in the ECAN planning workshop; tables used only focused on the driver, pressure, response and proposed actions. Prioritization of pressures in each zone was made. This was according to the participants’ preference. The participants were grouped into three to represent the different zones. Annex E are matrices prodiuced during the ECAN Planning workshop. These were further enhanced according to specific stratgeies to form the ECAN Zones Management Program described in the succeeding section.

D. Busanga ECAN Management Program The over-arching goal of this Plan is for the municipality of Busuanga to be a 1st Class Municiaplity with intact natural resources and competitive economy. To be able to achive this objective of this Plan, ECAN Management Program focuses on three components: (1) sustainable management of natural reousrces; (2) improvement of socio-econmic status; and (3) enhancing multi-agency coordination and governance. The following sections describes the logical framework of the ECAN Zones Management Program, zones in ECAN where the component is to be implemented, budgetary requirements and agency complementation.

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A 1st class municipality with intact natural resources and competitive economy

Environmental Municipal natural Municipal socio- governance and resources sustainably economic status partnerships managed improved enhanced

Integartion and Institutionalization of Sustainable economic harmonization of IP SEP and ECAN development concerns to development agenda of LGU and PCSD

Marking of ECAN Core and Restricted Use Sustainable financing Institutional capacity Zones on the ground building

Law enforcement Monitoring and evalutaion

Ecosystem rehabilitation Policy reforms

Impact Outcome Output Figure 20. Logical Framework of Busuanga ECAN Management Program

Outcome 1: Municipal natural resources sustainably managed 1. Institutionalization of SEP and ECAN Main Objective: To mainstream ECAN concerns in the development agenda, budget and policies of the LGU. Key Activities: 1.1.Assigning of permanent PCSD personnel physically based at Busuanga to facilitate the implementation of ECAN policies. 1.2.Continuous appropriation of regular budget for the operation of ECAN Board and its functional committees.

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1.3.Ground truthing of ECAN Zones and passage of an ordinance adopting the updated (if necessary) ECAN Zones map, ECAN Zones Management Plan and ECAN guidelines. 1.4.Integration and harmonization of ECAN Zones and ECAN Zones Management Plan in the updating of CLWUP and passage of zoning ordinance incorporating ECAN Zones and zoning strategies and guidelines. 1.5.Implementation and periodic updating of the ECAN Zones Management Plan. Integration of ECAN zones management programs into the Annual Investment Program (AIP) of the Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP).

2. Marking of ECAN Core and Restricted Use Zones on the ground Main objective: To establish markers on the ground that will set the boundaries of Core and restricted use zones for monitoring and compliance purposes Key activities: 2.1.Conduct of maps overlay and consolidation of updated information (such as studies on habitat of endangered species and critical watershed) to determine the core and restricted zone areas which can use natural topographic features to set their boundaries on the ground (e.g., ridges, rivers, seagrass meadows, etc.); 2.2.Conduct of ground surveys to verify and establish the core and restricted zone boundaries on the ground based on the ECAN zone maps prepared by the PCSDS; 2.3.Determination and assessment of the viability (cost effectiveness, maintenance, and practicability) of various types of markers such as physical monuments or living markers (distinctive tree or plant markers); 2.4.Mobilization and training of barangay volunteers in the staking of markers on the ground (concrete markers or living markers in terrestrial core zones and buoy markers in coastal/marine core zones); 2.5.Sourcing of funds and prioritizing of areas for ground marking (Packaging of project proposal for funding by donor institutions); 2.6.Implementation of “Ground Marking Project”

3. Law Enforcement Main Objective: To encourage and motivate stakeholders at the municipal and barangay levels to comply with ECAN zoning and its guidelines for the use of land and coastal/marine resources Key Activities: 3.1.Formation of Law Enforcement Task Force. This will be composed of PNP, Coast Guard, NGO, DENR and PCSDS to enforce environmental laws such as but not limited to SEP-ECAN, RA 9147, RA 9072, RA 7942, among others; 3.2.Strengthening of patrolling system for compliance to ECAN zoning and its management guidelines (tap and deputize as fish wardens Bantay Dagat and forest guards Bantay Gubat volunteers and mobilize other community volunteers) and provide equipment, facilities and other logistic support needed for the conduct of regular patrols to monitor core zones and hotspots areas; 3.3.Develop incentive mechanism for enforcers and patrollers Page | 132

4. Ecosystem Rehabilitation Main Objective: To improve the ecological status of environment and natural resources through rehabilitative and restorative means Key activities: 4.1.Mapping of areas for restoration or rehabilitation (denuded forest, silted rivers, denuded mangrove areas, degraded coral reefs and seagrass, polluted waters with solid and liquid wastes, etc.); 4.2.Planning, project packaging, fund sourcing and implementation of rehabilitation programs for priority areas for reforestation, assisted natural regeneration, and enrichment planting of denuded forest and mangroves, river bank stabilization, cave protection and restoration; 4.3.Holding periodically of environmental festivities (reforestation, coastal clean up, fairs, environmental fiesta with song and dance contests, poster and slogan contests)

Output 2: Municipal socio-economic status improved 5. Sustainable Economic Development Main objective: To promote sustainable livelihood for communities engaged in illegal activities and unsustainable resource-based livelihood Key Activities: 5.1.Review and assess the viability of pre-selected livelihood projects in the Livelihood Development Plan in Busuanga Municipality in 2006. Applicability must consider updating of target beneficiaries and current institutional arrangements. Piloting of identified livelihood programs. Livelihood projects with high potential for success are as follows: - seaweed farming, - crab culture (fattening): alimango and alimasag - ecotourism service - handicraft making (using buho, yantok and rattan), - vinegar making, - cashew nut processing, - rattan and bamboo furniture making, - indigenous honey preparations into homegrown delicacies - multiple cropping, - cut flower production, - dried fish processing, - fish culture: kikiro/samaral; bangus; tilapia, lapulapu, danggit - goat raising - vegetable farming: eggplants (talong); squash (kalabasa); pechay; bitter gourd (ampalaya); cabbage (repolyo); tomato (kamatis); potato (patatas) - fruit farming: papaya; citrus; mango; banana; jackfruit - shellfish culture: oysters, mussels, sea urchins 5.2.Sourcing of funds to implement selected projects in the Livelihood Development Plan for the municipality. Identify and prioritize target barangays or localities and Page | 133

beneficiaries. Some of the identified communities during the participatory workshop are communities of island barangays where most of them are heavily dependent of fishing. 5.3.Conduct of value chain study for selected livelihood opportunities/ products

6. Sustainable Financing Main Objective: To develop various schemes of financing the implementation of ECAN zoning and its management programs Key activities: 6.1.Establishment of sustainable financing modes and mechanisms to fund the implementation of ECAN zone programs in partnership with PCSDS - Review of existing fees and charges and determination of appropriate user fees and charges, taxation targets (e.g., contractors, raw material buyers and middlemen; except the IPs and subsistence gatherers from taxation), modes of collection and fund utilization. - Update user charges and fees for the use or extraction of the following natural resources: o irrigation water o docking and mooring o non-timber forest products-NTFPs (Apitong resin tapping, birds nest gathering, rattan, nipa, cogon, honey, bamboo, bamban, pandan, buri gathering) o pearl farms o fishpond and aquaculture (floating cages, fish cages, fish pens, etc) o gravel and sand quarrying 6.2.Encourage Public-Private Partnership in implementing infrastructure projects identified in the workshop such as irrigation facilities and hospital facilities. 6.3.Filing of official request to agricultural research institutions (PhilRice, UPLB, IRRI, DA, ATI, DOST-PCAARD) to prioritize the conduct of agricultural researches (including budget allocation) in the municipality. 6.4.Estimation of funds needed by the LGU to implement ECAN Zones Management Plan and identification potential sources of funds.

Output 3: Environmental governance and partnerships enhanced 7. Integration and harmonization of Indigenous Peoples concerns to development agenda of the LGU and PCSD Main objective: To harmonize IP concerns in the plans and policies of the LGU and ECAN Board Key Activities: 7.1.Construction of IP center (Capital Outlay). 7.2.Declaration of Tribal Ancestral Zones by the Council. 7.3.Mainstreaming of Ancestral Domain Sustainable Development and Protection Plan and Customary Laws in the ECAN Plans and its Guidelines, and in the CLUP and Zoning Ordinance. Page | 134

8. Institutional Capacity Building Main Objective: To strengthen the capability of established organizations that will collaboratively implement ECAN zoning and its guidelines and other environmental laws Key Activities: 8.1.Conduct of IEC and social mobilization activities to gain stakeholders’ support to ECAN zoning and environmental laws (RA 9147, RA 9072, RA 9175,PD 705, RA 10654, RA 8371) - Formulation of Communication Plan involving other partner agencies with emphasis on dugong and pawikan conservation, forest and biodiversity management, marine protected areas management, IPRA Law, cave management and protection, and Live Reef Fish for Food Policies - Conduct of information campaign at the barangay level (use of multimedia materials on understanding of the ECAN zoning and how to implement it; the duties of the implementers and the approach in implementation)

8.2.Capacitation of Municipal ECAN Board and functional committees including deputation of members of Enforcement Task Force (Conduct of training on the following subjects which are needed to impart knowledge and develop the skills) - Trainors training on environmentally friendly alternative livelihood training to be conducted by experts for selected representatives from local community organizations and NGOs identified to spearhead sustainable livelihood projects; trainers from NGOs and academe will be invited; the budget will be sourced from the LGU and other donor institutions - Paralegal Training to be administered jointly by the PCSDS, ELAC, and MAO for ECAN Board members, BFARMC, and selected Barangay officials; funds will be sourced from LGU and other donor institutions

8.3.Establishment of improved coordination mechanism and harmonization of policies and programs among PCSDS, LGU, DENR, DAR, DA and NCIP in the implementation of ECAN zoning and its management programs - Forging of Memorandum of Agreement between LGU, PCSD, NCIP, DA and DAR determining and defining the coordination arrangement most appropriate in the implementation of ECAN zoning. The ways and means of improving LGU coordination with PCSDS, Provincial Government, DENR, DA, NCIP and other government agencies will be examined and established. - Co-management of ECAN zones with local community organizations, NGOs and the private sector will be established and strengthened. The responsibilities of the partner organizations will center but not necessarily be limited to the following: o Local community organizations and NGO will be involved in staking the boundaries of the core zones and in monitoring compliance of local residents in ECAN zoning o Private sector – tourism resort establishments and other business establishments in the area will be involved in monitoring compliance of the Page | 135

business community to ECAN zoning and in spearheading protection and rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems within their area of operations 8.4.Creation of Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office with functional permanent staff

9. Monitoring and evaluation Main Objective: To establish and operationalize a participatory monitoring and evaluation system for ECAN zoning Key activities: 9.1.Establishment and operationalization of a participatory ECAN Zones M&E at the barangay (if possible) and municipal levels - Identification of set of indicators to be monitored and evaluate to gauge the implementation of the plan and its impacts to communities - Train ECAN Board Committees in the implementation of ECAN M&E system 9.2.Annual monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of ECAN zoning and its guidelines at the barangay level including the changes in ECAN zones (if any) and the guidelines for allowable uses to know how the people are using the land and coastal/ marine resources and their compliance to zoning. 9.3.Monitoring and evaluation of the terrestrial and coastal/marine resources and habitats every 3 years to identify environmental parameters where critical changes are taking place so that the necessary mitigation measures are immediately undertaken. The environment and natural resources that should be closely monitored include forest cover (primary and secondary forest), rattan resources, and mangrove cover, fishery resources, coral reefs, seagrass beds, breeding sites of terrestrial wildlife and marine mammals and sea turtles, water quality, and soil fertility.

10. Policy Reforms Main Objective: To introduce policy reforms and regulations to improve the effectiveness of ECAN zoning and its management programs Key activities: 10.1. Introduction of changes in zoning guidelines periodically to adapt to new laws, regulations and local development needs and situation. 10.2. Updating of ECAN zones maps and information to capture changes taking place in the localities.

Table below shows the ECAN Zone location where each strategy shall be implemented. Suprazonal strategies are those actions encompassing more than one ECAN zone. Non- zonal strategies are those actions that do not have spatial characteristic.

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Table 64. Component/ Strategy Per ECAN Zone

Terrestrial Coastal

Component/Strategy

Zone

Controlled

Restricted

Traditional

-

Core

-

-

Core

Buffer

Multiple Use Zone Use Multiple

Buffer

Buffer

Buffer General Use General Buffer

Buffer Sustainable Use Sustainable Buffer

Outcome 1: Municipal natural resources sustainably managed

1. Institutionalization of Zoning and Management Guidelines

1.1.Assigning permanent PCSD personnel at Busuanga 1.2.Continuous appropriation of regular budget for ECAN Board operation and its functional committees 1.3.Passage of an ordinance adopting the updated ECAN Zones map, ECAN Zones Management Plan and

Management Guidelines 1.4.Integration of ECAN zoning in the updating of CLWUP and passage of zoning ordinance incorporating ECAN zoning 1.5.Implementation and periodic updating of the ECAN Zones Management Plan. Integration of ECAN zones management programs into the Annual and Medium Term Investment Program of the Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP). 2. Marking of ECAN Core and Restricted Use Zones on the ground 2.1. Conduct of maps overlay and consolidation of updated information √ √ √ 2.2. Conduct of ground surveys to verify and establish the core and restricted zone boundaries on the ground based on √ √ the ECAN zone maps prepared by the PCSDS 2.3. Determination and assessment of the viability (cost effectiveness, maintenance, and practicability) of various types of markers such as physical monuments or living markers (distinctive tree or plant markers) 2.4. Mobilization and training of barangay volunteers in the staking of markers on the ground (concrete markers or √ √ living markers in terrestrial core zones and buoy markers in coastal/marine core zones)

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Terrestrial Coastal

Component/Strategy

Zone

Controlled

Restricted

Traditional

-

Core

-

-

Core

Buffer

Multiple Use Zone Use Multiple

Buffer

Buffer

Buffer General Use General Buffer

Buffer Sustainable Use Sustainable Buffer

2.5. Sourcing of funds and prioritizing of areas for ground marking (Packaging of project proposal for funding by donor institutions) 2.6. Implementation of “Ground Marking Project” √ √ 3. Law Enforcement 3.1. Formation of Law Enforcement Task Force 3.2. Strengthening of patrolling system 3.3. Develop incentive mechanism for enforcers and patrollers 4. Ecosystem Rehabilitation 4.1. Mapping of areas for restoration or rehabilitation √ √ √ √ 4.2. Planning, project packaging, fund sourcing and implementation of rehabilitation programs for priority areas √ √ √ √ 4.3. Holding periodically of environmental festivities √ √ √ √ Outcome 2: Municipal socio-economic status improved 5. Sustainable Livelihood Development 5.1. Review and assess the viability of pre-selected livelihood projects in the Livelihood Development Plan in √ √ √ √ √ √ Busuanga Municipality in 2006 5.2. Sourcing of funds to implement selected projects in the Livelihood Development Plan for the municipality 5.3. Conduct of value chain analysis of selected livelihood opportunities 6. Sustainable Financing 6.1. Establishment of sustainable financing modes and mechanisms √ √ √ √ √ √ 6.2. Encourage Public-Private Partnership in implementing infrastructure projects identified √ √

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Terrestrial Coastal

Component/Strategy

Zone

Controlled

Restricted

Traditional

-

Core

-

-

Core

Buffer

Multiple Use Zone Use Multiple

Buffer

Buffer

Buffer General Use General Buffer

Buffer Sustainable Use Sustainable Buffer

6.3. Filing of official request to agricultural research institutions √ √ 6.4. Estimation of funds needed by the LGU to implement ECAN Zones Management Plan Outcome 3: Environmental governance and partnerships enhanced 7. Integration of Indigenous Peoples 7.1. Construction of IP center √ 7.2. Declaration of Tribal Ancestral Zones by the Council 7.3. Mainstreaming of Ancestral Domain Sustainable Development and Protection Plan and Customary Laws in the

ECAN Plans and its Guidelines, and in the CLUP and Zoning Ordinance 8. Institutional Capacity Building 8.1. Conduct of IEC and social mobilization activities 8.2. Capacitation of Municipal ECAN Board and functional committees 8.3. Establishment of improved coordination mechanism and harmonization of policies and programs 9. Monitoring and evaluation 9.1. Establishment and operationalization of a participatory ECAN Zones M&E at the barangay (if possible) and municipal levels 9.2. Annual monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of ECAN zoning and its guidelines 9.3. Monitoring and evaluation of the terrestrial and coastal/marine resources and habitats every 3 years 10. Policy Reforms 10.1. Introduction of changes in zoning guidelines periodically

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Terrestrial Coastal

Component/Strategy

Zone

Controlled

Restricted

Traditional

-

Core

-

-

Core

Buffer

Multiple Use Zone Use Multiple

Buffer

Buffer

Buffer General Use General Buffer

Buffer Sustainable Use Sustainable Buffer

10.2. Updating of ECAN zones maps and information to capture changes taking place in the localities. 10.3. Creation of Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office with functional permanent staff Non-Zonal Supra-Zonal

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Table 65. Estimated Budget Requirements for ECAN Zoning Implementation and Related Environmental Management Programs (2017 – 2022) in Thousand Pesos (‘000)

Component/ Activities Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Total Outcome 1: Municipal natural resources sustainably 4,049 14,119 16,952 6,684 11,677 11,845 65,326 managed 1. Institutionalization of Zoning and Management 630 480 480 550 480 480 3100 Guidelines 1.1.Assigning permanent PCSD personnel at Busuanga 420 420 420 420 420 420 2,520 1.2.Continuous appropriation of regular budget for ECAN 60 60 60 60 60 60 360 Board operation and its functional committees 1.3.Passage of an ordinance adopting the updated ECAN Zones map, ECAN Zones Management Plan and 30 30 Management Guidelines 1.4.Integration of ECAN zoning in the updating of CLWUP 50 50 and passage of zoning ordinance incorporating ECAN zoning 1.5.Implementation and periodic updating of the ECAN Zones Management Plan. Integration of ECAN zones management programs into the Annual and Medium Term 70 70 140 Investment Program of the Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP). 2. Marking of ECAN Core and Restricted Use Zones on 409 917 597 0 0 0 1923 the ground 2.1. Conduct of maps overlay and consolidation of updated 100 100 information 2.2. Conduct of ground surveys to verify and establish the core and restricted zone boundaries on the ground based on 309 309 618 the ECAN zone maps prepared by the PCSDS

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Component/ Activities Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Total 2.3. Determination and assessment of the viability (cost effectiveness, maintenance, and practicability) of various 52 52 types of markers such as physical monuments or living markers (distinctive tree or plant markers) 2.4. Mobilization and training of barangay volunteers in the staking of markers on the ground (concrete markers or living 515 515 1,030 markers in terrestrial core zones and buoy markers in coastal/marine core zones) 2.5. Sourcing of funds and prioritizing of areas for ground marking (Packaging of project proposal for funding by donor 41 82 123 institutions) 3. Law Enforcement 2,310 2,222 2,285 2,351 2,419 2,488 14,075 3.1. Formation of Law Enforcement Task Force 150 150 3.2. Strengthening of patrolling system 2,060 2,122 2,185 2,251 2,319 2,388 13,325 3.3. Develop incentive mechanism for enforcers and 100 100 100 100 100 100 600 patrollers 4. Ecosystem Rehabilitation 700 10,500 13,590 3,783 8,778 8,877 46,228 4.1. Mapping of areas for restoration or rehabilitation 200 100 300 4.2. Planning, project packaging, fund sourcing and 10,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 30,000 implementation of rehabilitation programs for priority areas 4.3. Holding periodically of environmental festivities 500 500 500 500 500 500 3,000 4.6. Implementation of “Ground Marking Project” 3,090 3,183 3,278 3,377 12,928 Outcome 2: Municipal socio-economic status improved 7,323 5,345 40 540 40 40 13,328 5. Sustainable Economic Development 6,724 5,305 0 500 0 0 12,529 5.1. Review and assess the viability of pre-selected livelihood projects in the Livelihood Development Plan in Busuanga 824 824 Municipality in 2006

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Component/ Activities Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Total 5.2. Sourcing of funds to implement selected projects in the 5,150 5,305 10,455 Livelihood Development Plan for the municipality 5.3. Conduct of value chain analysis of selected livelihood 750 500 1,250 opportunities (3 products or services) 6. Sustainable Financing 599 40 40 40 40 40 799 6.1. Establishment of sustainable financing modes and 309 309 mechanisms 6.2. Encourage Public-Private Partnership in implementing 20 20 20 20 20 20 120 infrastructure projects identified 6.3. Filing of official request to agricultural research 20 20 20 20 20 20 120 institutions 6.4. Estimation of funds needed by the LGU to implement 250 250 ECAN Zones Management Plan Outcome 3: 6,391 708 1,678 1,848 719 1,741 28,085 7. Integration of Indigenous Peoples 1,220 50 0 0 0 0 1,270 7.1. Construction of IP center 1,000 1,000 7.2. Declaration of Tribal Ancestral Zones by the Council 150 50 200 7.3. Mainstreaming of Ancestral Domain Sustainable Development and Protection Plan and Customary Laws in the 70 70 ECAN Plans and its Guidelines, and in the CLUP and Zoning Ordinance 8. Institutional Capacity Building 3382 18,382 8.1. Conduct of IEC and social mobilization activities 124 124 8.2. Capacitation of Municipal ECAN Board and functional 155 155 committees 8.3. Establishment of improved coordination mechanism and 103 103 harmonization of policies and programs

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Component/ Activities Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Total 8.4. Creation of Municipal Environment and Natural 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 18,000 Resources Office with functional permanent staff 9. Monitoring and evaluation 639 658 1,678 698 719 1,741 6,133 9.1. Establishment and operationalization of a participatory ECAN Zones M&E at the barangay (if possible) and 433 446 459 473 487 502 2,800 municipal levels 9.2. Annual monitoring and evaluation of the implementation 206 212 219 225 232 239 1,333 of ECAN zoning and its guidelines 9.3. Monitoring and evaluation of the terrestrial and 1,000 1,000 2,000 coastal/marine resources and habitats every 3 years 10. Policy Reforms 1,150 0 0 1,150 0 0 2,300 10.1. Introduction of changes in zoning guidelines 150 150 300 periodically 10.2. Updating of ECAN zones maps and information to 1,000 1,000 2,000 capture changes taking place in the localities. GRAND TOTAL 17,763 20,172 18,670 9,072 12,436 13,626 106,739

*Budget was computed based on the costing of previous ECAN Plan accounting the core inflation cost of 2014-2015

Table 66. Implementing Organizations and Key Roles

Implementing Component/Activities Key roles and responsibilities Organizations Outcome 1: Municipal natural resources sustainably managed 1. Institutionalization of Zoning and Management Guidelines

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Implementing Component/Activities Key roles and responsibilities Organizations 1.1.Assigning permanent PCSD personnel at Busuanga LO: PCSDS PCSDS will provide staff assigned specific for the SO: LGU municipality. LGU to provide office space and fixtures.

1.2.Continuous appropriation of regular budget for ECAN LO: LGU LGU to appropriate funds for ECAN Board operations. Board operation and its functional committees SO: PCSDS PCSDS to provide technical assistance and coordinate appropriate trainings. 1.3.Passage of an ordinance adopting the updated ECAN LO: LGU LGU to adopt the Plan. Zones map, ECAN Zones Management Plan and SO: PCSDS & ECAN Board and PCSDS to facilitate adoption. Management Guidelines ECAN Board 1.4.Integration of ECAN zoning in the updating of CLWUP LO: LGU LGU to integrate the components of EZMP into and passage of zoning ordinance incorporating ECAN SO: PCSDS & CLWUP and ZO. zoning ECAN Board ECAN Board and PCSDS to facilitate integration and act as resource person. 1.5. Implementation and periodic updating of the ECAN LO: LGU and ECAN LGU and ECAN Board to ensure the implementation of Zones Management Plan. Integration of ECAN zones Board integrated programs. management programs into the Annual and Medium Term SO: PCSDS PCSDS and ECAN Board to monitor the Investment Program of the Comprehensive Development implementation. Plan (CDP). 2. Marking of ECAN Core and Restricted Use Zones on the ground 2.1. Conduct of maps overlay and consolidation of updated LO: PCSDS, ECAN PCSDS to provide technical assistance. information Board and LGU LGU to provide logistics for overlay and mapping exercises. 2.2. Conduct of ground surveys to verify and establish the LO: ECAN Board, ECAN Board, LGU. NGO to provide logistical core and restricted zone boundaries on the ground based on LGU, NGO requirements and counterpart staff for the validation. the ECAN zone maps prepared by the PCSDS SO: PCSDS PCSD to provide technical staff.

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Implementing Component/Activities Key roles and responsibilities Organizations 2.3. Determination and assessment of the viability (cost LO: ECAN Board, ECAN Board, LGU. NGO to provide logistical effectiveness, maintenance, and practicability) of various LGU, NGO requirements and counterpart staff for the meetings and types of markers such as physical monuments or living SO: PCSDS workshops. markers (distinctive tree or plant markers) PCSD to provide technical assistance.

2.4. Mobilization and training of barangay volunteers in the LO: ECAN Board, ECAN Board, LGU and NGO to mobilize community staking of markers on the ground (concrete markers or LGU, NGO and partners. living markers in terrestrial core zones and buoy markers in SO: PCSDS ECAN Board, LGU and NGO to source funds for coastal/marine core zones) mobilization and trainings. PCSD to provide technical assistance. 2.5. Sourcing of funds and prioritizing of areas for ground LO: ECAN Board, ECAN Board, LGU. NGO to provide logistical marking (Packaging of project proposal for funding by LGU, NGO and requirements and counterpart staff for the meetings and donor institutions) PCSDS workshops. PCSD to provide technical assistance. 2.6. Implementation of “Ground Marking Project” LO: ECAN Board, ECAN Board, LGU. NGO, PO, Community to LGU. NGO, PO, implement ground marking. Community PCSDS to monitor implementation. SO: PCSDS 3. Law Enforcement 3.1. Formation of Law Enforcement Task Force LO: LGU, PCSD, Agencies to provide funds and staff in the PNP, PCG, AFP establishment and operation of task force. 3.2. Strengthening of patrolling system LGU, ECAN Board, Agencies to provide funds and staff in the operation of PNP, PCG task force. 3.3. Develop incentive mechanism for enforcers and PNP, LGU LGU to develop incentive mechanism. patrollers 4. Ecosystem Rehabilitation

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Implementing Component/Activities Key roles and responsibilities Organizations 4.1. Mapping of areas for restoration or rehabilitation LO: ECAN Board, ECAN Board, LGU and NGO to mobilize community LGU, NGO, PO, and partners. Community ECAN Board, LGU and NGO to source funds for SO: PCSDS mapping. PCSD to provide technical assistance. 4.2. Planning, project packaging, fund sourcing and LO: ECAN Board, ECAN Board, LGU. NGO, and PO to participate in implementation of rehabilitation programs for priority areas LGU, NGO, PO, project packaging and fund sourcing. Community PCSDS to facilitate meetings and workshops. SO: PCSDS 4.3. Holding periodically of environmental festivities LO: LGU LGU to conduct festivities. SO: ECAN Board, ECAN Board, NGO, PO, Community and PCSDS to NGO, PO, participate. Community, PCSDS Outcome 2: Municipal socio-economic status improved 5. Sustainable Economic Development 5.1. Review and assess the viability of pre-selected LO: PCSDS PCSDS to facilitate the review. livelihood projects in the Livelihood Development Plan in SO: LGU, NCIP, LGU, NCIP, DA, PO, and NGO to participate in the Busuanga Municipality in 2006 DA, PO, NGO review. 5.2. Sourcing of funds to implement selected projects in the LO: PCSDS PCSDS to facilitate the review. Livelihood Development Plan for the municipality SO: LGU, NCIP, LGU, NCIP, DA, PO, and NGO to participate in fund DA, TESDA, PO, sourcing. NGO 5.3. Conduct of value chain analysis of selected livelihood LO: Academe, DTI Academe and DTI to conduct study opportunities (3 products or services) SO: LGU LGU to communicate with concerned agencies. 6. Sustainable Financing 6.1. Establishment of sustainable financing modes and LO: LGU LGU to provide logistical and budgetary requirements. mechanisms SO: PCSDS PCSDS to assist in coordination.

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Implementing Component/Activities Key roles and responsibilities Organizations 6.2. Encourage Public-Private Partnership in implementing LO: LGU LGU to communicate and forge partnerships with infrastructure projects identified SO: Private sector private sector 6.3. Filing of official request to agricultural research LO: LGU LGU through MAO to request for the conduct of institutions SO: DOST, agricultural researches. Academe, DA DOST, Academe, and DA to conduct/fund researches. 6.4. Estimation of funds needed by the LGU to implement LO: ECAN Board, ECAN Board to conduct meetings. ECAN Zones Management Plan LGU PCSDS to facilitate and package documentation. SO: PCSDS Outcome 3: Environmental governance and partnerships enhanced 7. Integration of Indigenous Peoples 7.1. Construction of IP center LO: LGU, NCIP, LGU to provide space and co-fund the construction NGO with NCIP and NGO. 7.2. Declaration of Tribal Ancestral Zones by the Council LO: NCIP and PCSDS to declare TAZ. PCSDS PCSDS and NCIP to conduct evaluation of proposed SO: NGO, PO TAZ. NGO and PO to fund field evaluation. 7.3. Mainstreaming of Ancestral Domain Sustainable LO: LGU, NCIP and LGU, PO and PCSDS to mainstream ADSDPP. Development and Protection Plan and Customary Laws in IP PO LGU, NCIP and to PO to mainstream customary laws. the ECAN Plans and its Guidelines, and in the CLUP and SO: PCSD Zoning Ordinance 8. Institutional Capacity Building 8.1. Conduct of IEC and social mobilization activities LO: ECAN Board, ECAN Board, LGU, and NGO to conduct IEC. LGU, NGO, Private PCSDS to provide trainings in the conduct of IEC and Individuals/ social marketing. Companies SO: PCSDS

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Implementing Component/Activities Key roles and responsibilities Organizations 8.2. Capacitation of Municipal ECAN Board and functional LO: PCSDS, ECAN PCSDS to conduct capacity building programs. committees Board, LGU ECAN Board to participate in every training. LGU to fund or to sources funds for the trainings. 8.3. Establishment of improved coordination mechanism LO: PCSDS PCSDS and LGU to design complementation and harmonization of policies and programs SO: LGU, PNP, mechanisms and to facilitate meetings. NCIP, DA, PMRB, Other agencies to agree and participate in the PCG, NCIP, PO, establishment of institutional complementation. NGO 8.4. Creation of Municipal Environment and Natural LO: LGU LGU to create MENRO and appropriate funds Resources Office with functional permanent staff 9. Monitoring and evaluation 9.1. Establishment and operationalization of a participatory LO: ECAN Board, ECAN Board to conduct meetings. ECAN Zones M&E at the barangay (if possible) and LGU, Community PCSDS to facilitate and package M&E Plan. municipal levels SO: PCSDS 9.2. Annual monitoring and evaluation of the LO: ECAN Board, ECAN Board, LGU and PCSDS to conduct evaluation implementation of ECAN zoning and its guidelines LGU, PCSDS of the implementation of the zoning guidelines.

9.3. Monitoring and evaluation of the terrestrial and LO: ECAN Board ECAN Board, LGU and PCSDS to conduct monitoring coastal/marine resources and habitats every 3 years LGU, PCSDS and evaluation of the identified habitats. 10. Policy Reforms 10.1. Introduction of changes in zoning guidelines LO: ECAN Board, LGU, ECAN Board and PCSDS to conduct meetings periodically LGU, PCSDS for the updating of zoning guidelines 10.2. Updating of ECAN zones maps and information to LO: ECAN Board, ECAN Board, LGU, PO to initiate map updating based capture changes taking place in the localities. LGU, PCSDS, PO on new information and studies.

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CHAPTER 8: ADMINISTRATION OF THE ECAN ZONING PLAN

The ECAN Zoning Plan, a stand-alone document pursuant to the SEP Law and its guidelines, aims to guide the long-term sustainable management of the locally adopted ECAN Zones. It is prepared by the LGU through its ECAN Board and with the assistance of the PCSDS (PCSD Resolution 2005-250, Section 25). The ECAN Board is the main organization in charge of administering the ECAN Zoning Plan. Its implementation which may include in policy formulation, legislation, setting up of permitting system, monitoring and other related activities, shall be the joint responsibility of the LGU and PCSDS through the Municipal ECAN Board (PCSD Resolution 2005-250, Section 31). The Chairperson of the ECAN Board shall act as the ECAN Resource Management Plan Administrator. The Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Officer (MENRO) shall be the Deputy Plan Administrator. The PCSDS, through its representative to the ECAN Board, the Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator, and the other members of the ECAN Board shall constitute the ECAN Resource Management Plan Advisory Body. They shall assist the Plan Administrator and Deputy Plan Administrator in the implementation of the Plan. The latest revised ECAN guidelines (PCSD Resolution 05-250) have addressed most of the institutional aspects on administering the plan and as stated in Section 20c of the Local Government Code (LGC), the local government units shall continue to prepare their comprehensive land use plans enacted through zoning ordinances which shall be the primary and dominant bases for the future use of land resources. In institutionalizing the ECAN Zoning Plan in the Municipality of Busuanga, the important factors to consider are the experience and expertise of land use planners, the political support of LGU, the continuity of the development programs, and a common grasp of the roles of both ECAN and CLWUP in advancing the common good, maintaining the ecological balance, and promoting sustainable development.

Schedule of ECAN plan implementation After the formulation and approval of the plan by the ECAN Board, the following actions are to be undertaken by the ECAN Board, with the assistance of the PCSDS.

Adoption of the ECAN Zoning Plan This action begins with the ECAN Board’s endorsement of the plan to the Sangguniang Bayan, followed by a public hearing at the Municipality of Busuanga. After that, the plan should be adopted by the Sangguniang Bayan, and should be endorsed to the Sangguniang Panlalawigan. The plan shall be finally approved by the PCSD.

Integration of the ECAN zoning plan with the municipal CLWUP The ECAN Zoning Plan, as prepared by the ECAN Board in behalf of the LGU, shall serve as the general physical plan of the municipality. Thus, it shall be the basis of other

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planning activities, such as land use planning, tourism master planning and resource management planning as a whole (PCSD Resolution 05-250, Section 30).

Adoption of the ECAN map for terrestrial, coastal/ marine and tribal component This action may include the following steps: a) Compilation of Generated Resource Maps from the Participatory Resource Mapping Activity b) Compilation of existing and proposed Marine Protected Area maps as candidates for coastal/marine ECAN Core Zones and Multiple Use Zones. c) Compilation of existing watershed Maps as candidates for ECAN Restricted Use Zones d) Compilation of existing and proposed Ancestral Domain Maps as candidates for ECAN Tribal Zones. e) Consultation of major stakeholders (LGU, MAO, Indigenous Groups)

Implementing organizations Implementation of the components and activities of the ECAN Zoning Plan shall be spearheaded by the LGU, together with the active participation of other concerned agencies such as PCSDS, DA, DENR, DOT, PNP, DOH, DSWD, NCIP, NAMRIA, and many others. The private sector are also expected to participate in the implementation of the plan, for it will directly affect their economic welfare if the degradation of the environment continues. Non-government organizations are expected to contribute as well, especially in addressing the needs of the sectors they are currently involved in.

Possible sources of funds The funds will not only come from the LGU. Government agencies (DENR, DA, DSWD, DOLE, DTI, BFAR, PCCAARD-DOST, NIA, BSWM, and PCSD), institutions (UPLB, IRRI, ATI, and PhilRice), private sector establishments (resorts, business establishments, etc.), and NGOs (C3) will also be tapped to contribute in implementing the ECAN Zoning Plan.

Monitoring and evaluation of the ECAN Plan Monitoring and evaluation of the ECAN Zoning Plan, along with its programs and projects shall be undertaken annually after its adoption by the Sangguniang Bayan. Assisted by the PCSDS, the ECAN Board shall perform assessments to gauge the efficiency of the administration and management of the ECAN resources as well as the implementation of the ECAN Zoning Plan. A Monitoring Team that would monitor and evaluate the ECAN Zoning Plan implementation shall be constituted. They shall recommend proper management assessment tools to the ECAN Board that will measure the effectiveness of the plan implementation. They may also use existing evaluation tools that have already been developed from other fields related with the management of areas. Since the province of Palawan belongs to the network of biosphere reserves inscribed by UNESCO, the

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assessment tools developed for island biosphere reserves can be used in assessing the management effectiveness of the ECAN Zoning Plan of Busuanga. The monitoring procedure shall include an assessment of the sustainability of the programs and projects under this plan which shall cover the determination of whether the targets have been completed. Also, assessment of the projects shall be done with the following aspects as measures for evaluation: a) Economic Viability b) Ecological Viability c) Technological Viability d) Socio-cultural Viability e) Political Viability f) Institutional Viability Viability Viability Viability Viability Viability Viability

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ANNEXES

ANNEX A: LIST OF KEY INFORMANTS

Key Informant Interview Questionnaire for ECAN Resource Management Planning Name Designation SB Zandro de Jesus Councilor Ruben Cabajar Councilor Alberto Derecno Councilor Crisanta Cervantes Church leader Luningning Apolinario Church leader (Pastoral President) Josephine Sapio School Teacher Virginia Evanghelista Women Sector John Joseph Panday Youth Muammar Princess Soniega Scientific Community(C3) Shalom Pareja Scientific Community(C3) Rosalyn Barangay Appointee- Brgy. Bogtong Water Works Sanitation Edilberto D. Gatchalian Municipal Engineer Alicia Gabarda Selestia ECAN Board President Ma. Theresa T. Rabe MAO Head Myrahlyn L. Deraco MAO Staff (Agricultural Technician) Marlo M. Dagomboy MPDC Harrison Magtanong MPDO Staff Jecille A. Araza DILG Staff Edilderto Borejon Brgy. Captain Danilo Servantes Brgy. Captain Ardon Libara Brgy. Captain Midargo Macanasino Brgy. Captain David E. Agnes Brgy. Captain Ricardo D. Nacachi Brgy. Captain Medardo Macanas Brgy. Captain Rodolfo Montez Brgy. Captain Nora Catananca Brgy. Captain Lisabelle B. Hagus Brgy. Secretary Erdolfo Borejon Farmer Randy Madador PWD Respresentative

Stocktaking of Municipal Environmental Initiatives Questionnaire for ECAN Zones Management Planning Name Designation Alicia G. Selestia ECAN Board President Roselyn Nadado MDRRM Staff Segundo E. Aguilar MDRRMO Ma. Theresa Rabe MAO Head Dulao Social Worker Felixberto C. Ramos TOAI Marlo M. Dagomboy MPDC

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ANNEX B: KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEW QUESTIONNAIRE ECAN Field instrument 1: KII threats questionnaire

ECAN Resource Management Planning Key Informant Interview Questionnaire (ECAN Needs + Projects) DPSIR Model Questionnaire No.: ______

The needs and priorities of the municipality often depend on the kinds of problems and issues that occur in it. Before we are able to introduce new projects, we must be able to identify first the threats and opportunities in our area. Since the problems and issues that confront us are often complex, we must also be able to analyze what are the causes and the impacts of our major problems. The analysis will help us prioritize our needs and also the resources we must apply to solve our problems. For the identified needs/problems/issues/opportunities, we will specify the solutions and actions that will address them.

Analysis will be aided by DPSIR framework2. In this framework, there is a chain of causal links starting with ‘driving forces’ (economic sectors, human activities) through ‘pressures’ (emissions, waste) to ‘states’(physical, chemical and biological) and ‘impacts’ on ecosystems, human health and functions, eventually leading to political ‘responses’ (prioritisation, target setting, indicators).The components of the DPSIR framework are defined in the following:

Driving force = Needs/Issues Pressure = threats and problems State = Current state of environment and natural resources Impact = impact Response = present actions taken to resolve issues and challenges Gaps = in the actions taken Proposed actions = measures that need to be undertaken to address gaps

Target Respondents for Municipal KII – Mayor, Municipal Councilor (committee chair on agriculture, fisheries, environment and livelihood), MAO and staff, MPDC and staff, MENRO and staff, Tourism officer, NGO, PO representative, Business and Industry (2), Church, school (principal or head teacher), IP leader, Women, Children and Youth, Workers and Trade Unions (MFARMC), Scientific and Technological Communities, Farmers and Small Forest Landowners

Note: Bring ECAN Map during the interview (ECAN Map must show boundaries, roads, built-up areas, and other landmarks for reference)

Municipality: ______Barangay: ______Date & Time of KII:______Interviewer: ______

I. Personal details of respondent

1. Name (Pangalan): ______

2. Address (Sitio, Barangay): ______

3. Occupation (Trabaho): ______

4. Position and Agency (Posisyon at Ahensya): ______

5. Number of years in position (Bilang ng taon sa kasalukuyang posisyon): ______

2 Based on EEA 1998: Guidelines for Data Collection and Processing - EU State of the Environment

Report. Annex 3. Page | 154

II. Sustainable Development Analysis of the Community/ Municipality using DPSIR in each of the ECAN Zone

Identify three (3) major 1. ECAN Core Zone (Terrestrial and Coastal Core Zones) Drivers Pressure State Impact Response Gap Proposed Actions a.

b.

c.

2. ECAN Buffer- Restricted Use Zone (Transition in ECAN Coastal) Drivers Pressure State Impact Response Gap Proposed Actions a.

b.

c.

3. ECAN Buffer- Controlled Use Zone (Transition in ECAN Coastal) Drivers Pressure State Impact Response Gap Proposed Actions a.

b.

c.

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4. ECAN Buffer- Traditional Use Zone (Transition in ECAN Coastal) Drivers Pressure State Impact Response Gap Proposed Actions a.

b.

c.

5. ECAN Multiple Use Zone (General Use in ECAN Coastal) Drivers Pressure State Impact Response Gap Proposed Actions a.

b.

c.

6. Tribal Ancestral Zone (Terrestrial and Coastal) Drivers Pressure State Impact Response Gap Proposed Actions a.

b.

c.

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IV. Opportunities

12. What do you think are the opportunities (or factors that have a positive effect on the community) that can assist in the sustainable development and livelihood of your municipality once these are developed or utilized? Categories of opportunities are as follows.

(Ano sa palagay nyo ang mga oportunidad (o mga bagay na may positibong epekto sa komunidad) na pwedeng makatulong sa pangmatagalang kaunlaran at kabuhayan ng inyong munisipyo sakaling ito ay ma-develop o magamit?)

13. Provide specific correspondence in each category.

12. Opportunities 13. Particulars Remarks a. Presence of natural resources that can be harnessed and developed for livelihood in a sustainable manner b. Human resources or local organizations that can manage and catalyze resource conservation and sustainable development c. National and local policies supportive of social, economic and environmental development in the barangay cluster d. Private and Civic Society Organization (CSO) support to the undertakings of local development projects e. Accessibility to local markets and financing institutions to support development projects

f. Availability of conservation technology for adoption by local farmers and fishermen

g. Potential supply of water and energy

h. Access to social services

i. Adequacy of support infrastructure and facilities

j. Availability of sanitation and solid waste disposal facilities

k. Others

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ANNEX C: QUESTIONNAIRE FOR STOCKTAKING OF MUNICIPAL ENVIRONMENTAL INITIATIVES (for ECAN Zones Management Planning)

Field instrument 2: Stocktaking

For Head/Staff of MENRO, MAO, MCDO. MEEDO, MTO, MSWD and MPDO Offices:

PCSD Resolution No. 05-250, Section 25. Preparation of the ECAN Zoning Plan. After the approval of the ECAN Map, the LGU through its ECAN Board and with the assistance of the PCSDS, shall prepare an ECAN Zoning Plan taking into consideration the following: Municipality: ______Barangay: ______Date & Time of KII:______Interviewer: ______

I. Personal details of respondent

1. Name (Pangalan): ______

2. Address (Sitio, Barangay): ______

3. Occupation (Trabaho): ______

4. Position and Agency (Posisyon at Ahensya): ______

5. Number of years in position (Bilang ng taon sa kasalukuyang posisyon): ______

What are the efforts of the municipality in addressing the following development issues?

1. Stakeholders' participation in the protection conservation, development, exploitation and restoration of natural resources in the area;

______

2. Encroachment of commercial fishing vessels on municipal waters;

______

3. Treatment of protected areas under the NIPAS; [include barangay/municipal declared PAs]

______

4. Inter-agency participation;

______

5. Protection of coastal/marine areas and enforcement of fishery laws;

______

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6. Monitoring and evaluation schemes [to include coastal pollution monitoring and control to understand water pollution of the area and to institute measures complementary to the PCSDS environmental quality regulation];

______

7. Regulatory measures or permitting system;

______

8. Application of resource rents or user charges;

______

9. Management of funds from proceeds of license fees;

______

10. Allowable activities for each zone; [CLUP land use zones and/or ECAN zones]

______

11. Development activities in small islands;

______

12. Waste disposal and sewage; [solid and liquid waste]

______

13. Provision of alternative livelihood projects;

______

14. Protection of the access rights of the community to the natural resources;

______

15. Migration and settlement within the coastal areas; and

______

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16. Appropriation of funds for the implementation of the plan and the management of the ECAN zones.

______

17. Others identified to be necessary and relevant

______

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ANNEX D: RESOURCE AND ECAN OVERLAY RESOURCE MAPS OF THE BARANGAYS IN MUNICIPALITY OF BUSUANGA

Figure 21. Resource Map of Barangay Bogtong

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Figure 22. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Bogtong

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Figure 23. Resource Map of Barangay Buluang

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Figure 24. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Buluang

Bulua ng Page | 164

Figure 25. Resource Map of Calauit Island

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Figure 26. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Calauit Island

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Figure 27. Resource Map of Barangay Cheey

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Figure 28. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Cheey

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Figure 29. Resource Map of Barangay Concepcion

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Figure 30. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Concepcion

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Figure 31. Resource Map of Barangay Maglalambay

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Figure 32. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Maglalambay

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Figure 33. Resource Map of Barangay New Busuanga

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Figure 34. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Maglalambay

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Figure 35. Resource Map of Barangay Old Busuanga

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Figure 36. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Old Busuanga

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Figure 37 Resource Map of Barangay Panlaitan

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Figure 38. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Panlaitan

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Figure 39. Resource Map of Barangay Quezon

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Figure 40. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Quezon

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Figure 41. Resource Map of Barangay Sagrada

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Figure 42. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Sagrada

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Figure 43. Resource Map of Barangay Salvacion

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Figure 44. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Salvacion

Figure 45. Resource Map of Barangay San Isidro

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Figure 46. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay San Isidro

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Figure 47. Resource Map of Barangay San Rafael

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Figure 48. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay San Rafael

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Figure 49. Resource Map of Barangay Sto. Nino

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Figure 50. ECAN Overlay Resource Map of Barangay Sto. Nino

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ANNEX E: OUTPUT OF THE PARTICIPATORY ECAN PLANNING WORKSHOP Table 67. Action Planning Matrix LEAD AND SUPPPORT ACTION AREA TIMEFRAME REMARKS ORGANIZATIONS Core Zone Pressure 1: Illegal logging Cheey, Bogtong and wildlife poaching (upland) Action 1: Establish/ On-going and LGU Remark: Establishment of Organize Bantay-gubat per expected to be ECAN Board bantay-gubat has already started barangay and create executed on the DENR in Barangay Cheey and Bogtong MENRO first semester of first (Late 2015). An upgrade in the year for Bantay communication and monitoring Gubat system will also be considered, as well as their training and reinforcement. Action 2: Reforestation Municipal wide Next year (on going) ECAN Board (Tree planting) Action 3 : Alternative LGU, NGO, POs Remark: Potential livelihood Livelihood sources such as handicraft making, and dugong key chain making were identified yet conduct of alternative livelihood needs assessment is also desired.

Action 4: training for enforcement LGU To be established on Action 5: Establishment of 2017 ECAN Board, LGU Remarks: Panlaitan: Quarrying Forest Protected Area Sand and gravel in Aplaya (FPA) in ECAN Map Pressure 2: Dugong and All barangays Pawikan bycatch except concepcion,

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sagrada, bogtong, Action1: Dugong Protected C3 This process will be done by Management Zones ranking score (activities) as Using Rapid Assessment threat in the local population Score Cards Action2: IECs on dugong C3, NGO conservation and nesting To be started by 2017 site conservation Action 3:IECs on nesting LGU, NGO, C3, Resort Resort owners are responsible site conservation and owners for management ( Ex: for the management of turle forging of conservation North Cay) nesting sites and dugong agreements with resort conservation sites owners Pressure 3: Unsustainable Buluang, Old agricultural practices Busuanga, San (kaingin) rafaael, New Busuanga, San Isidro Action 1: Conduct IECs 2016 LGU, NGO, PCSD For forest management

Action 2: Alternative 2016/2017 LGU, NGO Potential livelihood sources livelihood Municipal wide such as handicraft making were identified yet conduct of alternative livelihood needs assessment is also desired. As soon as possible LGU, DENR, DAR, ECAN Action 3: Strict Board, PNP, Barangay Implementation of policies: EO 23, PD 705

Pressure 4 : Harvesting of All barangays corals concerned

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Action 1: Strict LGU, DENR, ECAN Board Implementation of RA 10654 by the ECAN Board Action 2: Establishment of PCSD, LGU Remarks: The establishment of PCSD office or PCSD Municipal Wide 2017 a PCSD office in the representative based in municipality will help the Busuanga Surveillance and establishment of a surveillance Monitoring Team) and monitoring team on the harvesting of corals. Action 3: Provide LGU Remark: Conduct of alternative Alternative livelihood livelihood needs assessment Buffer Zone: Restricted Use Zone Pressure 1: Timber Poaching and Kaingin Farming Action 1:Provide alternative DENR, DA, NGO, DSWD sources of livelihood

(handicrafts, mat weaving, food processing) Action 2: Stricter DENR, ECAN Board, PNP, implementation of PD 705 Barangay with the establishment of incentive and reward system

Action 3: Organize annual DENR, LGU tree festival together with reforestation programs and activities Action 4: Increase budget LGU, DENR for programs concerned with the protection and conservation of forest Pressure 2: Wildlife

Poaching Action 1:Strengthen DENR, PCSD, ECAN Board implementation of policies Page | 192

regarding wildlife (Wildlife Resources and Conservation and Protection Act, RA 9147) Action 2: Conduct IEC ECAN Board, PCSD, campaigns in the protection Barangay of wildlife Action 3: Provide DOLE, DTI, DENR, DA, alternative livelihoods to LGU, DSWD local communities engaged in hunting wildlife for food and trade Action 4: Establish a PCSD, DENR, LGU wildlife protection unit and rescue center

Buffer Zone: Controlled Use Zone Pressure 1:Mountain Pressure 1:Mountain Quarry without permit Quarry without permit Action 1: Proper communication between LGU and private companies regarding permitting PCSD, LGU Action 2: Review and update of fees, charges, and requirements Pressure 2: Wildlife Poaching Action 1:Strengthen DENR, PCSD, ECAN Board implementation of policies regarding wildlife (Wildlife Resources and Conservation and Protection Act, RA 9147)

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Action 2: Conduct IEC ECAN Board, PCSD, campaigns in the protection Barangay of wildlife Action 3: Provide DOLE, DTI, DENR, DA, alternative livelihoods to LGU, DSWD local communities engaged in hunting wildlife for food and trade Action 4: Establish a PCSD, DENR, LGU wildlife protection unit and rescue center

Buffer Zone: Traditional Use Zone Pressure 1: Illegal Fishing Action 1: Stricter implementation of laws (RA 10654) BFAR, LGU, PNP Maritime, PCSD, Barangays Action 2: Establish law enforcement team (barangay counterpart) Action 3: Designate more people to work for the protection of MPAs as well as the creation of MPA Management Board Action 4: IEC Campaigns on trade of live fish Action 5: Active involvement of local fishers organization Pressure 2: Increase interest in agricultural research

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Action 1: Provision of PCCAARD-DOST funds for research Action 2: Coordinate and PhilRice, UPLB, IRRI, DA, request agricultural ATI institutions to conduct and provide funding for agricultural researches in traditional zones

Pressure 3: Lack of Irrigation System Action 1: Provide stable irrigation systems (infrastructure development); repair damaged irrigation canals NIA, DA, BSWM and construct new irrigation facilities for irrigable upland areas

Action 2: Tap other sources of water (watersheds) in order to improve capacities of irrigation facilities Action 3: Develop public and private partnership for small and large scale irrigation Multiple Use Zone Pressure 1: Absence Of Secondary Health Care Facilities (Hospital, to cater to municipality and visiting tourists)

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Action 1: Immediate construction of multi-storey building within the municipal complex to serve Municipal Wide as hospital with integrated Municipal Health Office, complete with equipment, medicine supplies Action 2:Creation of plantilla positions for additional health personnel for primary and secondary health care facilities (MHO and hospital) Pressure 2: Rampant Gravel and Sand Extraction Action 1: Strict monitoring of areas for gravel and sand extraction Salvacion, Old Busuanga, San Rafael, Sto. Nino, New Busuanga, Quezon Action 2: Regular follow up Inconsistent visit of PRMB in of PRMB personnel for the areas of concern gravel and sand area where gravel sand extraction happens Action 3: Strict LGU, DENR, ECAN Board, implementation of PCSD, Provincial environmental laws related government to quarrying such as mining

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act, PCSD AO 6, provincial ordinance Pressure 3: Cutting of Mangroves Action 1: Provide Alternative Livelihood (Cash for Work) Salvacion, Calauit, Bogtong, Sagrada, Old Busuanga

Action 2: Continue NGO initiatives (to monitor the area) Action 3: Strict LGU, PCSD, ECAN Board, Implementation of PSCD FARMC, DENR AO 11and RA 10654 (Esp. apprehension to Law Breakers) Tribal Ancestral Zone Driver 1: No clear Panlaitan, boundaries Maglalambay, (Land ownership) Calauit

Action1: Update land use LGU, ECAN plan of LGU (CLUP) by including all plans like ADSDPP

Municipal Wide 2017

LGU Action2: Review plans and harmonize laws Page | 197

Action 3: Conduct meetings LGU, IPs with LGU and other agencies Action 4: IEC of NCIP NCIP, LGU and IPs (barangay and municipal level) on IPRA law Driver 2: Need for IP Place center in center Salvacion

Action 1: Constant support Brgy. Panlaitan NGO, LGU from LGU for maintenance Concepcion of centers to be established 2017

Action 2: Report system of IPs current status of projects Driver 3: Cave Malajon, Buluang preservation (Elet Island), Calauit Action 1: Regular meetings, LGU, NGO IECs, and assistance from LGU

Driver 4: Need for Fund for CADT

Action: Strengthen Areas without partnership with NGO funding: Concepcion (depelenged)- already filed, Cheey (lakdayan) , New Busuanga, LGU, NGO Page | 198

Panlaitan, San Isidro, Buluang (organized by ELAC), Sagrada, San Rafael.

Calauit- issued last 2009

The actions were further grouped into strategies which are shown in Tables 67. This was done in order to see the corresponding actions in addressing the pressures present in each zone. Also, it is better to see the actions as a strategy-based plan for it will aid in an easier implementation mechanism. The results of the planning workshop were further refined and presented in ECAN Management Program in Chapter 7 of this plan.

Table 68. Strategies in addressing the threats to sustainable development Strategies Needed to Address the Threats Threats to Sustainable Development Zones 1. Alternative Livelihood Support a. Illegal logging and wildlife poaching a. Core b. Unsustainable agricultural practices (kaingin) b. Buffer c. Timber Poaching (Restricted) d. Cutting of Mangroves c. Buffer e. Harvesting of corals (Controlled) d. Multiple Use

2. Information, Education, Communication Campaign

- Dugong conservation a. Dugong and Pawikan bycatch a. Core - Turtle’s nesting site conservation

- Forest management b. Unsustainable agricultural practices (kaingin)

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Strategies Needed to Address the Threats Threats to Sustainable Development Zones - Protection of wildlife b. Buffer - (Restricted) - Campaigns on trade of live fish c. Illegal Fishing

c. Buffer - Cave Preservation d. Damaging of Caves (Controlled)

d. Buffer - NCIP (barangay and municipal level) on (Traditional) IPRA law e. Tribal 3. Establishment of Organizations/Capacity Building

a. Bantay-gubat per barangay a. Illegal logging and wildlife poaching (upland) a. Core b. Create MENRO b. Wildlife Poaching b. Buffer (Restricted) c. Law enforcement team c. Illegal Fishing c. Buffer (Controlled)

d. Establishment of PCSD office or PCSD d. Need for Fund for CADT representative based in Busuanga d. Buffer (Traditional) e. Training for enforcement e. Absence Of Secondary Health Care Facilities (Hospital, to cater to municipality and visiting e. Tribal tourists) f. Active involvement of local fishers organization f. Multiple Use

g. Bantay-Dagat

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Strategies Needed to Address the Threats Threats to Sustainable Development Zones h. Strengthen partnership with NGO

i. Creation of plantilla positions for additional health personnel for primary and secondary health care facilities (MHO and hospital) 4. Strengthen implementation of laws

a. PD 705 with the establishment of a. Unsustainable agricultural practices (kaingin) a. Core incentive and reward system

b. Wildlife Resources and Conservation b. Cutting of Mangroves b. Buffer and Protection Act, RA 9147 (Restricted)

c. RA 10654 c. Wildlife Poaching c. Buffer (Controlled) d. Laws on Quarrying d. Harvesting of corals d. Buffer (Traditional) e. Illegal Fishing e. Multiple Use f. Rampant Gravel and Sand Extraction 5. Preservation and Conservation

a. Reforestation a. Illegal logging and wildlife poaching (upland) a. Core

b. Establishment of Forest Protected Area b. Dugong and Pawikan bycatch b. Buffer (FPA) in ECAN Map (Restricted)

c. Dugong Protected Management Zones c. Wildlife Poaching Using Rapid Assessment Score Cards

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Strategies Needed to Address the Threats Threats to Sustainable Development Zones c. Buffer d. Establishment or Rescue Center d. Illegal Fishing (Controlled)

e. Designate more people to work for the e. Timber Poaching and Kaingin Farming d. Buffer protection of MPAs (Traditional)

f. Formulation of tree festival together with reforestation programs and activities

g. Increase budget for programs concerned with the protection and conservation of forest

h. Continue NGO initiatives 6. Monitoring and Surveillance

a. Establishment of PCSD office or PCSD a. Harvesting of corals a. Core representative based in Busuanga b. Areas for gravel and sand extraction b. Rampant Gravel and Sand Extraction b. Multiple c. Report system of current status of c. Need for IP center c. Tribal projects d. Continue NGO initiatives 7. Proper Communication

a. Between LGU and private companies a. Mountain Quarry without permit a. Buffer(Controlle d) b. Regular follow up of PRMB personnel b. Rampant Gravel and Sand Extraction for the gravel and sand area where gravel b. Multiple Use sand extraction happens

c. Conduct meetings with LGU and other c. No clear boundaries agencies (Land ownership) c. Tribal

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Strategies Needed to Address the Threats Threats to Sustainable Development Zones

d. Constant support from LGU for d. Need for IP center maintenance of centers Reviewing and Updating of Plans and Mountain Quarry without permit Buffer (Controlled) , Requirements for Permits Tribal No clear boundaries e. Fees, charges, and requirements for (Land ownership) quarry f. Land use plan of LGU (CLUP) by including all plans like ADSDPP

8. Prioritization and Request for Sustainable Funding

a. Provide funds for research a. Increase interest in agricultural research a. Buffer b. Coordinate and request - agricultural (Traditional) institutions to conduct and provide funding for agricultural researches in traditional zones

9. Infrastructure Development

a. Repair damaged irrigation canals and a. Lack of Irrigation System a. Buffer construct new irrigation facilities for (Traditional) irrigable upland areas b. Tap other sources of water in order to b. b. Multiple Use improve capacities of irrigation facilities c. Immediate construction of multi-storey c. Absence Of Secondary Health Care Facilities c. Multiple Use building within the municipal complex (Hospital, to cater to municipality and visiting to serve as hospital with integrated tourists) Municipal Health Office, complete with equipment, medicine supplies

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