UNITIPA International Phonetic Alphabet (Revised to 2020)

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UNITIPA International Phonetic Alphabet (Revised to 2020)

THE INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET (revised to 2020) CONSONANTS (PULMONIC) 2020 IPA Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal Plosive Nasal p b t d ʈ ɖ c k ɡ q ɢ ʔ Trill m ɱ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ Tap or Flap ʙ r ʀ Fricative ⱱ ɾ ɽ Lateral fricative ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ h ɦ Approximant ɬ ɮ Lateral approximant ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ Symbols to the right in a cell are voiced, to lthe left are voiceless. Shadedɭ areas denoteʎ articulationsʟ judged impossible. CONSONANTS (NON-PULMONIC) VOWELS Clicks Voiced implosives Ejectives Front Central Back Close Bilabial Bilabial Examples: i y ɨ ʉ ɯ u ʘ Dental ɓ Dental/alveolar ʼ Bilabial Close-mid ɪ ʏ ʊ ǀ (Post)alveolar ɗ Palatal pʼ Dental/alveolar ǃ Palatoalveolar ʄ Velar tʼ Velar e ø ɘ ɵ ɤ o Open-mid ǂ Alveolar lateral ɠ Uvular kʼ Alveolar fricative ə ɛ œ ɜ ɞ ʌ ɔ OTHERǁ SYMBOLS ʛ sʼ Open æ ɐ Voiceless labial-velar fricative Alveolo-palatal fricatives Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the righta representsɶ a rounded vowel.ɑ ɒ ʍ Voiced labial-velar approximant ɕ ʑ Voiced alveolar lateral flap w Voiced labial-palatal approximant ɺ Simultaneous and SUPRASEGMENTALS Voiceless epiglottal fricative Primary stress ɥ Affricatesɧ and double articulations ʃ x ʜ Voiced epiglottal fricative can be represented by two symbols Secondary stress foʊnə tɪʃən joined by a tie bar if necessary. ˈ ˌ ˈ ʢ Epiglottal plosive ts͜ kp͡ ˌ Long ː Half-long eː DIACRITICSʡ ˑ Extra-short eˑ Voiceless Breathy voiced Dental ̆ Minor (foot) group ĕ Voiced Creaky voiced Apical ˳ ˳n˳ d ̤ b̤ a̤ ̪ ̪ dt ̪ | Major (intonation) group ̬ Aspirated s̬ t̬ Linguolabial b a ̺ Laminal ̺ dt ̺ ‖ Syllable break More rounded ̰ Labialized ̰ ̰ Nasalized ɹi.ækt ʰ tʰ d ʰ ̼ t̼d ̼ ̻ t̻ d̻ . Linking (absence of a break) Less rounded Palatalized ̰ Nasal release ̰ ̹ ɔ̹ ʷ tʷ dʷ e ‿ TONES AND WORD ACCENTS ̜ Advanced ɔ̜ ʲ Velarized tʲ dʲ ⁿ Lateral release dⁿ LEVEL CONTOUR Extra ̟ Retracted u̟ ˠ Pharyngealized tˠ dˠ ˡ No audible release dˡ or high or Rising High Falling Centralized ˁ Velarized or pharyngealizedˁ ˁ ˺ ̠ e̠ t d d˺ e̋ ˥ ě High Mid rising Mid-centralized Raised ( = voiced alveolar fricative) ̈ ë ɫ é ˦ ê Low ̴ Low rising ̽ Syllabic e̽ ̝ Lowered e̝ ( ɹ ̝ = voiced bilabial approximant) ē ˧ Extra ᷄e Rising- è ˨ low ᷅e falling Non-syllabic ̞ Advanced Tongue Root̞ ̞ Downstep Global rise ̩ n̩ e β ȅ ˩ ᷈e Rhoticity Retracted Tongue Root Upstep Global fall ̯ e̯ ̘ e̘ ꜜ ↗ ˞ Some diacriticsɚ a˞ may ̙be placed above a symbol withe̙ a descender, e.g. ꜛ ↘ Typefaces: Doulos SIL (metatext); ˚ŋunitipaN (symbols).

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A Brief Description of Consonants in Modern Standard Arabic
Linguistics and Literature Studies 2(7): 185-189, 2014 http://www.hrpub.org DOI: 10.13189/lls.2014.020702 A Brief Description of Consonants in Modern Standard Arabic Iram Sabir*, Nora Alsaeed Al-Jouf University, Sakaka, KSA *Corresponding Author: [email protected] Copyright © 2014 Horizon Research Publishing All rights reserved. Abstract The present study deals with “A brief Modern Standard Arabic. This study starts from an description of consonants in Modern Standard Arabic”. This elucidation of the phonetic bases of sounds classification. At study tries to give some information about the production of this point shows the first limit of the study that is basically Arabic sounds, the classification and description of phonetic rather than phonological description of sounds. consonants in Standard Arabic, then the definition of the This attempt of classification is followed by lists of the word consonant. In the present study we also investigate the consonant sounds in Standard Arabic with a key word for place of articulation in Arabic consonants we describe each consonant. The criteria of description are place and sounds according to: bilabial, labio-dental, alveolar, palatal, manner of articulation and voicing. The attempt of velar, uvular, and glottal. Then the manner of articulation, description has been made to lead to the drawing of some the characteristics such as phonation, nasal, curved, and trill. fundamental conclusion at the end of the paper. The aim of this study is to investigate consonant in MSA taking into consideration that all 28 consonants of Arabic alphabets. As a language Arabic is one of the most 2.
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Part 1: Introduction to The
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Grazer Linguistische Studien 41 (Frьhjahr 1994) Warren
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THE INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET (Revised to 2015)
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Voice Quality Settings of the Pharynx
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THE INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET (revised to 2020) CONSONANTS (PULMONIC) 2020 IPA Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal Plosive p b td æÿcïkgqG / Nasal m µ n = − NÐ Trill õ r R Tap or Flap ⱱ | Ç Fricative FBfvTDszSZ§½ J x V X å © ? h H Lateral fricative ñ L Approximant Ã ¨ Õ j ÷ Lateral approximant l ð ´ K Symbols to the right in a cell are voiced, to the left are voiceless. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible. CONSONANTS (NON-PULMONIC) VOWELS Clicks Voiced implosives Ejectives Front Central Back Close i y é è ¬ u > Bilabial º Bilabial Examples: ' I YU ù Dental ë Dental/alveolar p' Bilabial Close-mid e P ɘ ¸ ¯ o < (Post)alveolar ú Palatal t' Dental/alveolar « ø Palatoalveolar Ä Velar k' Velar Open-mid E { ä ɞ ¿ O ² Alveolar lateral ì Uvular s' Alveolar fricative Ï Œ OTHER SYMBOLS Open a Ó A … Voiceless labial-velar fricative ‚ ó Alveolo-palatal fricatives Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. w Voiced labial-velar approximant È Voiced alveolar lateral flap ç Voiced labial-palatal approximant ê Simultaneous ʃ and x SUPRASEGMENTALS í Voiceless epiglottal fricative Primary stress Affricates and double articulations " ®foUn«"tIS«n À Voiced epiglottal fricative can be represented by two symbols ts¥ kp¡ ® Secondary stress joined by a tie bar if necessary. Ö Epiglottal plosive É Long eÉ ò Half-long eò DIACRITICS * Extra-short e* 9Voiceless n9 d9 » Breathy voiced a»b» 1 Dental t1 d1 ù Minor (foot) group 3 Voiced s3 t3 0 Creaky voiced b0 a0 Á Apical Á Á t d Major (intonation) group î Aspirated tî dî £ Linguolabial t£ d£ 4 Laminal t4 d4 .
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