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Thesis Final Edition
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1. Curcuma zedoaria Curcuma zedoaria is a starchy rhizomatous/tuberous from the Zingiberaceae family (table 1.1), commonly known as ginger family. “Ginger” is a general term for members or species of the ginger families. “Curcuma” is the genus name of the rhizomatous herb, of Zingiberaceae. The name was first given by the Linnaeus species Plantarum from the Arabic term meaning yellow colour, probably referring to the colour of the rhizomes (Govindarajan, 1980). Taxonomic classification of Curcuma zedoaria Kingdom Plantae Subkingdom Viridaeplantae Phylum Tracheophyta Division Magnoliophyta Class Liliopsida Super order Zingiberanae Order Zingiberales Family Zingiberales Genus Curcuma Curcuma zedoaria Species Common Name Zedoary Table 1.1 Taxonomic classification of Curcuma zedoaria 1 Chapter 1 1.1.1. Description and distribution Curcuma zedoaria is locally known as “kunyit putih” or “temu putih”. It is able to grow up to one and half meters or even more. The leaves are around eighty centimetres long and they usually have a purple-brown flush along the midrib on both surfaces of the leaf. The rhizomes are frequently confused with those of Curcuma aeruginosa because both are of a similar colour (yellow). However, they can be distinguished easily by conducting a cross section on the rhizomes of the mature plants of Curcuma aeruginosa which are slightly dark purplish. In comparison, the colour of the rhizomes of Curcuma zedoaria is pale yellow or white. The rhizomes of Curcuma aeruginosa are highly aromatic due to the high amount of 1, 8-cineol as 25.20% (Ibrahim et al. 2003). Curcuma zedoaria grows mainly in the East-Asian countries including China (called Er- chu in Chinese), Vietnam, India, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia (can be found at Kuala Selangor, Teluk Intan; Perak, Labis; Johor, and Pahang) and Japan (Islam et al. -
Chemical Composition and Product Quality Control of Turmeric
Stephen F. Austin State University SFA ScholarWorks Faculty Publications Agriculture 2011 Chemical composition and product quality control of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) Shiyou Li Stephen F Austin State University, Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, [email protected] Wei Yuan Stephen F Austin State University, Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, [email protected] Guangrui Deng Ping Wang Stephen F Austin State University, Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, [email protected] Peiying Yang See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/agriculture_facultypubs Part of the Natural Products Chemistry and Pharmacognosy Commons, and the Pharmaceutical Preparations Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Recommended Citation Li, Shiyou; Yuan, Wei; Deng, Guangrui; Wang, Ping; Yang, Peiying; and Aggarwal, Bharat, "Chemical composition and product quality control of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)" (2011). Faculty Publications. Paper 1. http://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/agriculture_facultypubs/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Agriculture at SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors Shiyou Li, Wei Yuan, Guangrui Deng, Ping Wang, Peiying Yang, and Bharat Aggarwal This article is available at SFA ScholarWorks: http://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/agriculture_facultypubs/1 28 Pharmaceutical Crops, 2011, 2, 28-54 Open Access Chemical Composition and Product Quality Control of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) ,1 1 1 1 2 3 Shiyou Li* , Wei Yuan , Guangrui Deng , Ping Wang , Peiying Yang and Bharat B. Aggarwal 1National Center for Pharmaceutical Crops, Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, Stephen F. -
62 of 17 January 2018 Replacing Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council
23.1.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 18/1 II (Non-legislative acts) REGULATIONS COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) 2018/62 of 17 January 2018 replacing Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council (Text with EEA relevance) THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Having regard to Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 February 2005 on maximum residue levels of pesticides in or on food and feed of plant and animal origin and amending Council Directive 91/414/EEC (1), and in particular Article 4 thereof, Whereas: (1) The products of plant and animal origin to which the maximum residue levels of pesticides (‘MRLs’) set by Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 apply, subject to the provisions of that Regulation, are listed in Annex I to that Regulation. (2) Additional information should be provided by Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 as regards the products concerned, in particular as regards the synonyms used to indicate the products, the scientific names of the species to which the products belong and the part of the product to which the respective MRLs apply. (3) The text of footnote (1) in both Part A and Part B of Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 should be reworded, in order to avoid ambiguity and different interpretations encountered with the current wording. (4) New footnotes (3) and (4) should be inserted in Part A of Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, in order to provide additional information as regards the part of the product to which the MRLs of the products concerned apply (5) New footnote (7) should be inserted in Part A of Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, in order to clarify that MRLs of honey are not applicable to other apiculture products due to their different chemicals character istics. -
Pharmacological Importance of Kaempferia Galanga (Zingiberaceae): a Mini Review
International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ISSN: 2455-698X Impact Factor: RJIF 5.22 www.pharmacyjournal.in Volume 3; Issue 3; May 2018; Page No. 32-39 Pharmacological importance of Kaempferia galanga (Zingiberaceae): A mini review Hosne Jahan Shetu1, Kaniz Taskina Trisha2, Shishir Ahmed Sikta3, Raihanatul Anwar4, Sadman Sakib Bin Rashed5, Pritesh Ranjan Dash6* 1, 2, 3 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh 4, 5 Department of Pharmacy, BRAC University, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh 6 Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh Abstract Kaempferia galanga L. belonging to the family Zingiberaceae is an endangered medicinal plant with potent medicinal activities. The leaves, rhizome and root tubers of the plant possess a number of medicinal applications. The plant is economically important and is over exploited to the extent that there is always scarcity of propagating material (rhizomes) which is the consumable part too. The present review provides broad information of Kaempferia galanga throwing light on its current status, ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology. Extracts of Kaempferia galanga have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-diarrheal, anti- bacterial, sedative, cytotoxic, insecticidal and anthelmintic properties which are reported here. Keywords: Kaempferia galanga, zingiberaceae, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity Introduction spite of the variety of useful pharmacological properties it Kaempferia galanga Linn., commonly known as Cekor, possess. Therefore, the importance of the plant K. galanga as Ekangi, Kencur or aromatic ginger is a stem less herb in a medicinal plant is to be documented and presented to the Zingiberaceae family. The plant is native to tropical Asia mass of people. -
Prioritization of Medicinal Plant for Their Development
PRIORITIZATION OF MEDICINAL PLANT FOR THEIR DEVELOPMENT Criteria for prioritization The National Medicinal Plant Board initially prioritized 32 medicinal plants at national level for their conservation and development. Recently, the list has been revised and 82 species have been included in the list. For the overall development of the medicinal plant sector in the state, there is a need to prioritize various medicinal plant species. This prioritization has to be based on different criteria such as ,(i) criteria for economic development, (ii) Prioritization to address the primary health care of the local community, (iii) medicinal plants prioritized for home and institutional garden, and (iv) prioritization of medicinal plants with conservation value. In the following section we have tried to touch upon different priorities relevant to the state. Medicinal Plants prioritized for trade for high income. The most important criterion they needs to be considered while prioritizing the species for high income is that the plants should be suitable to grow in the prevalent agroclimatic conditions of the state. The species should have high trade value. It should have consistently high demand. The collection, harvest and post harvest technology should suit to the site conditions of Meghalaya.There should have easy access to planting material and it should be comparatively easy to grow. Preference will also be given to those species which are suitable to grow in multi-tier plantations. The selected species should not get easily deteriorated on storage and continued cultivation. They should have enhanced scope for value addition either through primary processing or through secondary processing. A list of top ten prioritized species for obtaining high income through cultivation and trade is given in Table 18. -
C-23 Phytochemical of Kaempferia Plant And
Proceeding of International Conference On Research, Implementation And Education Of Mathematics And Sciences 2014, Yogyakarta State University, 18-20 May 2014 C-23 PHYTOCHEMICAL OF KAEMPFERIA PLANT AND BIOPROSPECTING FOR CANCER TREATMENT Sri Atun Chemistry education Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Science, Yogyakarta State University, Jl. Colombo No. 1 Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55281 e-mail : [email protected] ABSTRACT Kaempferia genus is perennial member of the Zingiberaceae family and is cultivated in Indonesia and other parts of Southeast Asia. Number of studies has been conducted, providing information related to Kaempferia as antioxidant; antimutagenic; and chemopreventive agent. This paper reports some isolated compounds from this plant, biological activity, and bioprospecting for cancer treatment. Keyword: Cancer treatment; Kaempferia; Zingiberaceae INTRODUCTION Kaempferia is a genus, belong to family of Zingiberaceae. This plant grows in Southeast Asia, India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, and Southem China. Kaempferia genus sinonim with Boesenbergia genus by Baker. This plant has 8 different botanical names which are Boesenbergia cochinchinensis (Gagnep.) Loes., Boesenbergia pandurata (Roxb.) Schltr., Curcuma rotunda L., Gastrochilus panduratus (Roxb.) Ridl., Gastrochilus rotundus (L.) Alston, Kaempferia cochinchinensis Gagnep., Kaempferia ovate Roscoe, Kaempferia galanga, Kaempferia rotunda, and Kaempferia pandurata Roxb nonetheless it is currently known as Boesenbergia rotunda (L.)Mansf (Tan Eng-Chong, et. al, 2012). The plants grown naturally in damp, shaded parts of the lowland or on hill slopes, as scattered plants or thickets. Economically important species among the plant families, the Zingiberaceae, which are perennial rhizomatous herbs, contain volatile oil and other important compounds of enormous medicinal values (Singh C.B., 2013). Phytochemical and biologycal activities of some species of Kaempferia Phytochemical and biologycal some species of plants of the genus Kaempferia reported by many researchers, among others: 1. -
Evaluation of the Optimum Harvesting Maturity of Makhwaen Fruit for the Perfumery Industry
agriculture Article Evaluation of the Optimum Harvesting Maturity of Makhwaen Fruit for the Perfumery Industry Trid Sriwichai 1,2 , Taepin Junmahasathien 3 , Phumon Sookwong 4, Nuttha Potapohn 1 and Sarana Rose Sommano 1,2,* 1 Division of Horticulture, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; [email protected] (T.S.); [email protected] (N.P.) 2 Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory (BAC), Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand 3 Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; [email protected] 4 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +66-5394-440 Received: 20 March 2019; Accepted: 11 April 2019; Published: 17 April 2019 Abstract: Harvesting makhwaen (Zanthoxylum myriacanthum Wall. ex Hook. f) fruits at the appropriate maturity is the key to ensure that the essential oil quality meets the need of consumers. In common practice, the fruits are usually harvested when their pericarps start to open and fruits are greenish-red in colour depending on the judgment of the farmers. This leads to inconsistencies in the essential oil quality. This research aims at characterising the aromatic profiles of makhwaen essential oil thereby for consumers to choose the quality that best fits their need and eventually identify the optimum harvesting index of the fruits. The effects of maturity states viz. 15, 36, 45 and 60 (MK15-60) days after fruiting on chemical and sensorial quality of the essential oil was evaluated. -
Herbs, Spices and Flavourings Ebook, Epub
HERBS, SPICES AND FLAVOURINGS PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Tom Stobart | 240 pages | 14 Dec 2017 | Grub Street Publishing | 9781910690499 | English | London, United Kingdom Herbs, Spices and Flavourings PDF Book Free Sample.. The dried berries are slightly larger than peppercorns and impart a combination flavor of cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg, and pepper — hence the name allspice. For large batches of herbs and spices, a spice mill or a coffee grinder is convenient and quick. Leptotes bicolor Paraguay and southern Brazil Lesser calamint Calamintha nepeta , nipitella , nepitella Italy Licorice , liquorice Glycyrrhiza glabra Lime flower, linden flower Tilia spp. Mahleb is an aromatic spice ground from the internal kernel of the sour cherry pits of the mahleb cherry tree, Prunus mahaleb , native to Iran. Used instead of vinegar in salads and sauces when a milder acid is desired or when vinegar is objectionable. Culinary Australian Bangladeshi Indian Pakistani. The authors also focus on conventional and innovative analytical methods employed in this field and, last but not least, on toxicological, legal, and ethical aspects. Baharat is a blend of spices using allspice, black pepper, cardamom, cinnamon, cloves, coriander, cumin, nutmeg, and paprika — regional variations may also include loomi, mint, red chili peppers, rosebuds, saffron, and turmeric. Old Bay Seasoning. Twists, turns, red herrings, the usual suspects: These books have it all Often commercially blended with white and black peppercorns, pink peppercorns can be used to season any dish regular pepper would — although it should be noted that pink peppercorns are potentially toxic to small children. Avoid keeping herbs near the stove, in the refrigerator, or in the bathroom. -
Food Allergy
Food Allergens: Challenges and developments Michael Walker EHAI/CIEH Conference 21 May 2015 Science for a safer world LGC – a global company 1842 1996 2003/04 2009/10 Today Laboratory of the Laboratory of Focus on Acquisitions focused on Focus of activities is on Board of Excise the Government science- services (Agowa, intellectual property and founded to protect Chemist dependent Forensic Alliance) new product development excise duty privatised activities payable on Over 35% of revenue Acquisitions focused on tobacco 270 678 within Standards, the pharma and agbio (KBio importation into employees employees only product business in Genomics, QBAS in the UK, became £15m £56m Health Sciences) Laboratory of the turnover turnover Footprint across Europe Government (focused on UK and 50% revenue on products, Chemist with Germany) with KBio acquisition and technical appeal Standards growth functions 1,380 employees £130m turnover Increasing footprint in US and RoW 2,000 employees £200m turnover 2 LGC Laboratory of the Government Chemist Laboratory and Standards Genomics Managed Services Science & Innovation Group Functions LGC’s UK national roles National Measurement Government Chemist Institute (NMI) • The UK’s designated NMI for • Referee Analyst chemical and bioanalytical • Adviser to government and measurement industry on regulations & scientific input • Provides traceable and accurate standards of measurement for use in • Allergen measurement research industry, academic and government “Using sound analytical science in support of policy -
In Vitro Antimicrobial Evaluation of Kaempferia Galanga L. Rhizome Extract Kochuthressia K
AMERICAN JOURNAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR SCIENCES ISSN Print: 2159-3698, ISSN Online: 2159-3701, doi:10.5251/ajbms.2012.2.1.1.5 © 2012, ScienceHuβ, http://www.scihub.org/AJBMS In vitro antimicrobial evaluation of Kaempferia galanga L. rhizome extract Kochuthressia K. P.1 S.John Britto2, Jaseentha M.O1 and Rini Raphael3 1Dept of Botany , Carmel College, Mala, Trissur-680732 2The Rapinat Herbarium and Centre for Molecular Systematics St.Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli-620 002 3Dept of Zoology, Carmel College, Mala, Trissur-680732 ABSTRACT In the present study, antimicrobial activity of ethanol, methanol, petroleum ether, chloroform and aqueous extracts of Kaempferia galanga rhizome were screened aganist ten human pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pesudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio cholerae and four fungal species :Aspergillus niger, A . flavus, A.fumigatus and Candida albicans susing disc diffusion assay. All the extracts showed significant antibacterial and antifungal properties. Highest inhibition zone (21.3±0.08) was recorded for ethanolic extract against Staphylococcus aureus. Key words : Rhizome, Kaempferia galanga, antimicrobial activity, disc diffusion assay. INTRODUCTION of medicinal plants are being increasingly reported from different parts of the world (Saxena, 1999). It is Herbal medicines are gaining priorities in treating expected that plant extracts showing target sites various health ailments of diverse origins in man. other than those used by antibiotics will be active Before the inventions of the modern synthetic against drug resistant microbial pathogen medicines, man’s dependence was totally on plants. Traditional systems of plant based products have Kaempferia galanga L. -
AIP Reintroductions
AIP Reintroductions The body gets healthier after following the Autoimmune Protocol. Many people are able to successfully reintroduce a variety of foods. Reintroductions are done in stages. Egg yolks Seed oils Seeds: whole, ground, butters Nut oils Stage 1 Stage 2 Nuts: whole, ground butters Ghee from grass-fed dairy Reintros Reintros (except cashews & pistacchios) Coffee, on occasion Chia Seeds Cocoa Coffee, daily Chocolate Egg Whites Peas & Legumes with Edible Pods: Grass-Fed Butter peas, green beans, snow peas, Alcohol in small quantities fava beans, scarlet runner beans, etc. Legume Sprouts Fruit, Berry, and Seed-Based Spices* Certain Nightshades Certain Nightshades Potatoes with peels Paprika (a capsicum) Stage 3 Stage 4 Tomatoes, tomato powder Eggplants Reintros Reintros Chili peppers Sweet peppers Nightshade seasonings** Peeled potatoes Alcohol in larger quantities Grass-Fed Dairy Legumes traditionally prepared or fermented Certain Legumes Gluten-Free Grains or Pseudo Grains Lentils White Rice Split peas Foods you have had a strong reaction Garbanzo beans (chick peas) or allergy to Stage 1 Spice Reintros * Stage 4 Spice Reintros ** Fruit, Kernal, & Berry Seed Based Spices Piper Species (Pepper) Nightshade Seasonings Based Spices Ajowan Seed Cubeb Aleppo Allspice Anise Seed Long Pepper Ancho Ashwagandha Barberry Annatto Seed Black Peppercorns Cardamom: Black, Green, Bird’s Eye Caraway Seed White Peppercorns Calabrian White Jasmine Flower Buds Celery Seed Red Peppercorns Cascabel Juniper Berries Coriander (Cilantro Seed) Green Peppercorns -
Utilization of Garlic and Kaemfiera on the Strength of Fungi Growth in Sardine Fish 'Pedetan' (Sardinella Lemuru)
Utilization of Garlic and Kaemfiera on the Strength of Fungi Growth in Sardine Fish ‘ Pedetan ’ ( Sardinella lemuru ) Ni Made Ayu Suardi Singapurwa 1, I Putu Candra 2 {[email protected] 1, [email protected] 2} Department of Food Science and Technology, Warmadewa University Denpasar-Bali, Indonesia 12 Abstract. Sardine fish ‘ Pedetan ’ is one of the traditional foods in the area of Jembrana Regency, Bali. During the process of storing ‘ Pedetan ’, they are often damaged by fungi that pollute the Pedetan s. This study aims to determine the use of garlic and kaemfiera on the growth of fungi that can contaminate Pedetan . The results showed that the use of garlic and kaemfiera can inhibit fungal growth. The making of sardine fish sprouts using garlic spices can inhibit the growth of fungi with a inhibition zone of 21.15 mm and kaemfiera can inhibit the inhibition zone by 25.45 mm. Garlic and kaemfiera can inhibit fungal growth because they contain bioactive compounds that can be antimicrobial. Keywords: Garlic, kaemfiera, Sardine fish Pedetan 1 Introduction Pedetan is one of the traditional Balinese spicy dried fish food products processed by the community in the Jembrana Regency area of Bali Province. The community processes and extends the shelf life of the sardine by processing it into food products that can be stored longer, which is commonly referred to as Pedetan . Pedetan made from sardine, salt and spices, is dried in the sun for two to three days, then stored at room temperature [1]. Damage to dry fish can occur during storage and during distribution in marketing.