16594 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 3, 1976 H.R. 13664. May 10, 1976. Government Op Provides financial assistance to persons Prohibits certain large petroleum refining erations: Rules. Abolishes certain Federal whose small businesses are displaced by Fed companies from acquiring or controlling an regulatory agencies unless, Within the next eral and federally assisted programs so that interest in the marketing of petroleum or three years: ( 1) the President recommends they are able to lease, rent or purchase re petroleum products. to Congress that any agency or agencies placement quarters. H.R. 13672. May 10, 1976. Interstate and should not be abolished; (2) the relevant H.R. 13668. May 10, 1976. Small Business. Foreign Commerce. Reaffirms the intent of committee investigates and publishes a re Amends the Small Business Act to allow the Congress with respect to the structure of the port on such agency; and (3) the Congress Small Business Administration to provide common carrier telecommunlcations indus adopts a concurrent resolution disapproving disaster loans to small businesses in areas try rendering services in interstate and for t he abolition of such agency or agencies. which the Administrator declares to have eign commerce. Reaffirms the authority of Requires three year automatic abolition of been struck by impacted disasters. the States to regulate terminal and station existing agencies unless similar positive ap H ..R. 13669. May 10, 1976. Small Business. equipment used for telephone exchange serv proval is given by the President and Con Amends the Small Business Act to increase ice. Requires the Federal Communications gress. the maximum Small Business Administra Commission to make specified findings in Allows for the transfer of agency functions tion share on a business loan. connection with Commission actions author to the President or a successor agency with H.R. 13670. May 10, 1976. Small Business. Amends the Small Business Act to provide izing specialized carriers. the continuation of the present rules and H.R. 13673. May 10, 1976. Armed Services. proceedings. that a small business concern shall include a nonprofit organization the purpose of which Authorizes the President to sell one landing H.R. 13665. May 10, 1976. Interstate and craft repair ship and one inshore patrol craft Foreign Commerce. Amends the Solid Waste is to provide economic benefit or valuable service to its members and which possesses to the Government of the Republic of the Disposal Act to prohibit the iSSuance of Philippines. solid waste management regulations With re such financial structure and prospects as would reasonably assure that it is able to H.R. 13674. May 10, 1976. Ways and Means. spect to the sale or distribution of beverage Amends the Tariff Schedules of the United containers at Federal facilities. meet financial obligations. H.R. 13666. May 10, 1976. Ways and Means. H.R. 13671. May 10, 1976. Small Business. States to lower the custom duty on vanadium Amends the Social Security Act by includ Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Amends pextoxide imported for processing into fer ing the services of optometrists under the the Small Business Act to authorize loans by rovanadium. Medicare supplementary medical insurance the Small Business Administration to cer H.R. 13675. May 10, 1976. Veterans' Affairs. program. tain small businesses in the pet roleum and Extends the period in which veterans may H.R. 13667. May 10, 1976. Small Business. petrochemical industries. use their veterans' educational assistance.
EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS
DR. HARRY RONALD FISHMAN Whereas, Dr. Fishman has designed more with funct ional diSabilities. Inventor of more than 50 devices to correct such weaknesses as than 50 therapeutic devices to aid the treat round shoulders, fiat feet, muscular and de ment of these diSorders, he has turned them HON. JOSHUA EILBERG fective posture; and over to schools, hospitals and clinics Whereas, Harry R. FiShman has given these throughout the country as a public service. OF PENNSYLVANIA devices free of charge to the Philadelphia The N .E. Junior Chamber of Commerce is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Public School System and to many hospitals proud to number Dr. FiShman as one of our Thursday, June 3, 1976 and has otrered to demonstrate the devices to rising community, and prouder still to cite physical education people in foreign lands him as "1956 Man of the Year". Mr. EILBERG. Mr. Speaker, Dr. Hany who have inquired about the appliances; and R. Fishman is retiring after 43 years as Whereas, Mr. Fishman has received cita Most noteworthy was a letter of com an inspirational teacher, dedicated edu tions from the University of Kentucky, Unl mendation from then Governor Shaffer of Pennsylvania: cator, and humanitarian. versity of Pennsylvanla Hospital, Pennsyl vania. State Unlversity, the State of New LETTER FROM GOVERNOR SHAFFER Dr. Fishman, who I have known per York, Temple Unlversity and Wayne Unlver DEAR DR. FISHMAN: Your outstanding work sonally for many years, has spent his life sity, for "his advancement of scientific helping children and adults learn and to in the field of physical welfare for the chil knowledge in remedial gymnastics"; and dren of your city deserves my congratula overcome physical handicaps as well as Whereas, his contributions to the well-be tions. those limitations placed upon them un ing of youth was the main topic at a recent It is my firm opinion that the children of fairly by society. session of the President's physical fitness Pennsylvania represent our greatest natural Dr. Fishman was first recognized for program committee in Washington; there resource and to devote your life to the de fore velopment of sound and strong bodies can his pioneer work in the field of correc Resolved, by the Council of the City of tive physical education. As a teacher in mean nothing but a. selfless devotion for the Philadelphia., that we hereby extend a pub betterment of mankind. the Philadelphia school system, he de lic tribute, on behalf of all of the people ot vised over 50 pieces of therapeutic equip this committee, to Harry R. Fishman, a Dr. Fishman's efforts in the field of ment which enabled boys and girls en teacher who is devoting his life to the de civil rights were also exceptional. When rolled in the classes to improve or correct velopment of sound and strong bodies among he first began to coach swimming and their functional disabilities. our children and by so doing is bringing much praise upon himself, our public school gymnastics at the Bok Vocational School, His work in this field became nation system and the City of Philadelphia.. black students had never tried out for ally known and men and women in the Resolved, that a. suitable engrossed copy these teams. Dr. Fishman encouraged field of education and medicine came to of thiS resolution be presented to Harry R. the black students to try to make the his school from all over the Nation and FiShman. teams, but he discovered that no swim even from foreign countries to observe Certification: This is a true and correct ming pool was available to blacks at that this new trend in corrective therapy. copy of the original Resolution passed by the Council of the City of Philadelphia on the time. Dr. Fishman was presented the Gold Going about the city, he pleaded with Medal Award by the National Podiatry seventh day of February 1957 .-James J. Tate, President of City Council. various pool owners to permit his young Association for sharing his knowledge sters to make use of their facility. Fi with the members of their profession. His The Northeast Junior Chamber of nally, through the help of the local success can be attested to by people who Commerce also lauded his efforts and YMHA a pool was made available the presented him with their Man of the to best could evaluate his contributions to Bok team. For the first time, blacks and the betterment of the health and welfare Year Award. The inscription on the plaque and scroll stated: whites shared the swimming pool and of the youth he served. competitive swimming with other school The City Council of Philadelphia: RESOLUTION N.E. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE teams became a reality. RESOLUTION The N.E. Junlor Chamber of Commerce is Another first was achieved by Dr. Relat ive to the Outstanding Contributions signally proud this year to honor Dr. Harry Fishman, when he was called upon by to the Physical Welfare of Young People by Ronald Fishman as its "Man of the Year" Harry R. FiShman. in recognition of his outstanding endeavors the school district of Philadelphia and Whereas, Harry R. Fishman, of 906 Knorr which have been aimed at improving the the Crime Preventio.n Association to or Street, a. Physical Education instructor a.t health and welfare of children, not only in ganize and conduct the school district's Fels Jr. High School, has gained national ac the Northeast, but throughout the country. first community recreation center. It claim for his work in correcting functional He has pioneered in the field of remedial operated every evening from 7 until 10, disabilities in children; and gymnastics to aid in the correction of pupils and he opened its doors to members of June 3, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16595 the black community. The area around presented to him upon hts leaving the which I have introduced relative to pensions the school was predominately white and school for medical reasons: for World War I veterans. the resentment was bitter by people who DEAK DR. FisHMAN: We are sad at the The bill, H.R. 3616. the "World War I Pen thought of your leaving and hope that you sion Act", would provide a. $150 a month did not share Dr. Fishman's desire to pension for either the World War I veteran welcome blacks to the program. It was Will get well and return again. The school remains, but the man who or his.widow. a known but subtle fact, that blacks at Mr. Chairman, it has been 60 years since that time were being denied access to brought the breath of life Within its walls will be missed. these Americans trooped off to Europe. It is the local city recreation center within Your humanitarian leadership is reflected easy for us to choose not to reflect on that the vicinity. He fought o:ff opposition to in symbol by the gold chain and emblem of part of our history, but I believe 1t 1s very reject black children in the school and Scorpio that the Students of West Phila beneficial and appropriate for us to recall achieved his objective in making it a real delphia Standard Evening High School pre the climate of those times. asset to the community. sent to you. When in April of 1917, the United States May it always be a reminder of the depth entered the war. Germany was winning. The Again visitors flocked to the school United States was Ul-prepared to declare war to see a new and vital program which of feeling that we have for you and may it add to the lustre of the golden years that on Imperial Germany-the odds seemed served both blacks and whites. It be your future holds. hopeless. The French Army was demoralized came a model for other centers which MANDY ADDISON, and in the midst of mutiny. The British and were established in the city. Presi dent of School Senate. the French were losing men not by battal In 1956, before a capacity crowd as ions and regiments but by divisions, virtu sembled in the school auditorium, Dr. Dr. Fishman served both at Fitz ally by armies. Simons and then West Philadelphia The young Americans who reported to the Fishman became the first white man to recruiting offices that year were not seeking receive an award from the local NAACP. Standard while still serving as vice prin cipal of the Fels Junior High School. It adventure. They were convinced, that re It read in part: gardless of the cost, America had to enter To Dr. Harry Ronald Fishman: was at Fels that his efforts in the re the war-and they were well aware of what A sincere friend of all youth and intelli medial physical education field crested. their part in such an effort would be. gent champion of their welfare, who has His promotion to vice principal of the They left this country to face the awe ably served as Principal of the FitzSimons school did not diminish his efforts to some trench warfare of the Western Front. Community Teen Center-a real contribu help boys and girls physically as well as Due largely to the valor of these men, the tion in the field of human relations. academically. bolstered Allied forces began to experience CHARLES A. SHORTER, It was during the early years at Fels victory after victory-we know the rest of Executive Secr etary, that he set up the first free rehabilita this history. Local Branch NAACP. What did a grateful nat ion provide to these tive clinic for foot and allied defects at valiant veterans? On the day of discharge For 16 years Dr. Fishman served as the Cleveland College of Podiatry. It also we presented him With $60-a happily re principal of the center. He labored un was a model for other clinics that emu ceived sum in the day when a dollar had ceasingly to make it grow and to make lated his work in the field. One would considerably greater buying power. Later, the its offerings available to as many teen be remiss if mention was not made that Congress passed the Adjusted Service Com agers as could possibly enter its doors. all the apparatus in the clinic was do pensation Act which provided the veterans Its enrollment became so large, that the n a ted by Dr. Fishman at his expense. with an average payment of $547.50. This doors had to be closed early in the eve It is noteworthy to record that he has total amount of $607.50 was his reward and ning because of the vast number of boys· been the recipient of over a hundred "thanks" from the nation which he served. In 1919, when most World War I veterans and girls who came every night. Need citations, degrees, and commendations, were discharged, there was no educational less to say, it proved to be a haven for and I am proud to have been able to help aid system. If there had been, the plight of those who attended and enrichment of to honor Dr. Fishman at this time. these veterans might be quite different today, the lives of thousands was its by-prod as the average educational level of World uct. Boys and girls no longer roamed the War I veterans is the sixth grade. streets at night-they had a place to go. For a majority of these veterans, their edu Dr. Fishman's educational leadership cation handicap prevented any large number PENSIONS FOR WORLD WAR I VET of them from achieving even moderate eco was manifested once again when, in ERANS: THE TIME TO ACT IS NOW nomic success. Also, by 1935, when the Social 1974, he became principal of the West Security system was created. World War I Philadelphia Standard Evening High veterans were too old to have time to build School. He took a school which was run HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON up maximum benefits. down, in a community where people OF CALIFORNIA In 1919, the Government did not help the feared to venture upon the streets at IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES veteran flnd employment. as in the case of recent veterans. Nor were there veterans hos night, and transformed it into a vital Thursday, June 3, 1976 institution. Thousands of men and wom pitals as there are today. The only assistance en, who were employed in the daytime, Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. provided to these men was vocational re Speaker, on May 21, I filed with the habilitation for those disabled in the war. returned to school after Dr. Fishman Has this caused these men to be bitter hired a sound truck to travel through Clerk of the House a motion in writing quite the contrary. I have always been im the community to personally exhort its to discharge the Veterans' A:ffairs Com pressed by the support which World war I people to come to the school and com mittee from further consideration of veterans have provided for the granting of plete their education. The message got H.R. 3616, the World War I Pension educational and other benefits to veterans of through, and men and women who had Act, a bill which I introduced 15 months later wars. In spite of the meager show of never received a high school diploma re ago. gratitude by this nation to World War I vet I have taken this action because I be erans, they have always maintained the atti turned and completed their education. tude that such benefits for later veterans Others availed themselves of the school lieve that it is imperative that the full have led to better citizenship and thus a curricula to improve their job skills and House of Representatives be afforded an better America. improve their monetary earnings. The opportunity to discuss and vote on The legislation which I propose-a $150 highest enrollment figures in the school's World War I pension legislation as soon a month pension for either the World War history attested to the success of Dr. as possible. I veteran or his Widow-will not cost as Fishman's leadership. H.R. 3616 would provide $150 a month much as simple arithmetic might indicate. pension for either the World War I vet Many veterans are receiving welfare pay Here at the school, Dr. Fishman la ments, and this pension would permit many bored for the rights of all people. It was eran or his widow, without regard to any to cease drawing such benefits. I belleve through his efforts again, that for the other source of income that he or she that it 1s a. national disgrace that men who first time in the history of the school's may have. served this nation with such valor are now operation, that a woman was recognized I recently presented testimony on this forced upon the welfare rolls. as an outstanding student by the city's legislation which I would like to Include My bill, H.R. 3616, will rapidly drop in an chamber of commerce. Prior to this, only at this time for the purpose of explain nual cost to the government. In the mean men were so honored for being head of ing the need for this legislation: time 1t will be a godsend to th& 893,000 World War I veterans still alive and to the surviv a family, gainfully employed in the day STATEMENT OF HON. GLENN M. ANDEBSON ing Widows of deceased veterans. I might time, and being an outstanding student. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. members of add, that at the present time, only 340,873 The sentiments of the student body this committee. I appreciate this opportunity of these veterans are receiving any kind of of the school can be attested to by a card to present testimony 1n behalf o! legtslatlon a veteran's pension. 16596 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 3, 1976 The pension system that is in effect now is miSsion on Human Relations, and among Federal agencies not only wastes a. type of welfare that is really beneath the chaired its Personnel Committee. He the efforts of dedicated agency employ dignity of those who have contributed so edited the published study of Baltimore ees, but also results in execessive confu greatly to our nation. For example, a married veteran of World War I, whose annual in· intergroup relationships, "An American sion in the regulated industries: The con come is $300 or less, is entitled to $186 a. City in Transition!' tinued existence of the FEA under the month pension ma.ximum-$2,232 per year. Not only has Rabbi Goldman served mandate of this bill impedes, rather than No pension is payable to such a. veteran actively in the rabbinate, and contributed aids in the quest for solution to our en whose annual income exceeds $4,500. generously of his time, energy, and ergy problems. The veteran without dependents is eligible knowledge to the community at large, he The House has performed a disservice for a pension only if his annual income is has been a scholar and author. Awarded to the energy industry by not providing less than $3,300. His maXimum monthly pen· sion, based on an annual income of less than a doctorate in Hebrew literature from the for an orderly transfer of FEA duties to $300, is $173-$2,076 per year. Jewish Theological Seminary, he has also other agencies. However, the failure of Mr. Chairman, I maintain that the pen· been awarded honorary doctorates in the House to measure up to the stand sion which I propose is not a. special privilege, divinity from the seminary and from ard regulatory reform which the general but rather, this legislation will serve to bring Brown University. He has written "The business and consumer communities the Nation's treatment of World War I vet· Life and Times of Rabbi David Ibn Abi have come to expect and demand is an erans to a point approaching equity with the Zimra" and ''Henry W. Schneeberger even greater disservice. benefits that veterans of later wars have His Role in American Judaism." received. I thank you Mr. Chairman and members Prior to his service as rabbi for the of this committee for allowing me this op· Chizuk Amuno Congregation, Rabbi portunity to share my strong views on thts Goldman was founding rabbi for Temple subject. I urge you to report the "World War Emanu-El, Providence, R.I., and served KOCH CLUB FLAG DAY PARADE I Pension Act" to the floor of the House as from 1940 to 1954 as the first director, AND CEREMONIES soon as possible. National Academy for Adult Jewish Edu cation, Jewish Theological Seminary. As Rabbi Goldman retires from active HON. JAMES A. BURKE service, my best wishes go with him for OF ~SSACEQcrSETTS RABBI ISRAEL M. GOLDMAN a pleasant and productive retirement. I IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HONORED know that his many friends will continue Thursday, June 3, 1976 to count on his wisdom and experience in the years to come. Mr. BURKE of Massachusetts. Mr. HON. CLARENCE D. LONG Speaker, I am very proud to enter into OF MARYLAND the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD a description IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES of this year's Koch Club Flag Day parade Thursday, June 3, 1976 THE FEDERAL ENERGY ADMINIS and ceremony. The Koch Club holds this TRATION AND THE NEED FOR parade and ceremony every year, and is Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, REGULATORY REFORM one of the highlights of Quincy's calen on June 6, Rabbi Israel M. Goldman will dar year. celebrate with his many friends in Balti HON. ABNER J. MIKVA The Koch Club has been in existence more the 50th anniversary of his ordina for 25 years, and it is fitting that this Bi tion to the rabbinate and mark his re OF ILLINOIS tirement after 28 years of service to the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES centennial Year is also the silver anni versary of the Koch Club. The Koch Shizuk A.muno Congregation in Balti Thursday, June 3, 1976 more. Club has a record of community service The rabbi's remarkably varied inter Mr. MIKVA. Mr. Speaker, one of the which the city of Quincy is very proud ests throughout his career have encom rarest hybrids produced by the political of. passed not only a deep concern for the process is an election year issue upon KOCH CLUB FLAG DAY PARADE AND CEREMONIES continuation of Jewish heritage and tra which both Democrats and Republicans dition, but interfaith understanding and agree. Among the many surprises of this The Koch Club of Quincy will sponsor its cooperation and civil rights and individ election year, none has been quite so un 25th Annual Flag Day Parade and Observance expected as the emergence of one of on Monday, June 14, 1976 starting at 6: 15 uals' welfare. P.M. with a parade stepping off from the Rabbi Goldman has been nationally those rare hybrids under the generic Hancock Parking Area. on McGrath High recognized for his pioneering work in the name of regulatory reform. way, proceeding onto Mechanic Street, onto field of adult Jewish education, and has The most popular, and I think wisest, Elm street, onto Hancock Street and con developed both materials and techniques of the reform proposals has been the tinue onto Southern Artery and into Veterans to foster the Jewish tradition of lifelong "sunset" concept which establishes a def Memorial Stadium for the Flag Raising Cere study and learning. He was an early ad inite date for termination of the opera monies. vocate of schools for adults as well as tions of a Federal agency unless Con In commemoration of this event annually children as parts of congregational pro gress and the President take certain sponsored by the Koch Club of Quincy for grams. prescribed steps to maintain the agency. the past quarter of a. century, a. flag flown As a leader within the Jewish commu· Unfortunately, the recent House de over our nations capitol and presented to nity, Rabbi Goldman has served with cision to extend the life of the Federal the organization by United States Congress Energy Administration indicates that man James A. Burke will be raised to open distinction as president for numerous the Flag Day Observance at Veterans Me organizations: The Baltimore Jewish while regulatory reform is a fine topic morial Stadium. Council, the Baltimore Board of Rabbis, for a rousing campaign speech, it is con During these past twenty five years, the the Baltimore Zionist District, the Jewish siderably less popular when the oppor Koch Club of Quincy has continued to en Historical Society of Maryland, and the tunity to translate talk into action arises. courage its youth and community to recog Rabbinical Assembly of America. The Federal Energy Administration nize Flag Day with special significance. As a leader in interfaith understand was created to respond to the emergency On this year, the 200th Birthday of our ing, Rabbi Goldman cofounded and co situation caused by the OPEC oil em- Nation, the Koch Club of Quincy observes chaired the Interfaith Council of Greater bargo. That embargo, at least for now, its 25th anniversary of sponsoring the Flag Baltimore, the first known instance in is over, but the FEA lives on to duplicate Day Parade and Observance by assembling Maryland history in which the three pre the functions of the 11 other Federal the boys and girls of Quincy and the South Shore to pay tribute and honor to the flag dominant faiths joined to launch a prac agencies and departments with jurisdic of our country by setting aside a period of tical program of social action for the tion over energy matters. This kind of time during Flag Day for participation in entire community. inefficiency is at the heart of the calls ceremonies to properly recognize the im For 18 years, Rabbi Goldman served for regulatory reform. Divisions and sub portance of this day in our nations history. as vice chairman of the Maryland Com· divisions of responsibility within and To commemorate Quincy History along June 3, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16597 the route, the parade will stop to pause at evening of family entertainment with boys (g) Estate Tax Revision. the Church of the Presidents while wreaths and girls marching as participants in a (h) Rural Post Offices. will be placed on the tombs of John Adams, parade rather than spectators; parents and Upon receipt of your answers, I plan to Second President and his wife Abigail and children joined together celebrating Flag Day have them printed in the Congressional Rec John Quincy Adams, the Sixth President in this our nation's Bi-Centennial Year. ord and make them available to the news un d his wife, Louisa Catherine. media. The parade will again halt at the John Thank you for your assistance. F. Kennedy Health Center while a wreath Sincerely, is placed to honor the memory of the thirty LARRY PRESSLER, flf"th President of the United States and the DEFINITION OF PRESIDENTIAL Member of Congress. only person ever conferred with honorary RURAL POLICY membership in the Koch Club. Last, but not least, the parade will stop at BURDEN OF FEDERAL GRANTS the Dorothy Quincy House to reoognize the HON. LARRY PRESSLER FALLS UNEVENLY ON STATES first lady of Massachusetts, when her hus band John Hancock was elected the first OF SOUTH DAKOTA Governor of the Commonwealth. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. HELENS. MEYNER In the period of the late sixties and Thursday, June 3, 1976 OF NEW JERSEY early seventies when some felt it more popu lar to defy and abuse the flag, the Koch Mr. PRESSLER. Mr. Speaker, be L~ THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Club continued in its efforts to foster re cause I am from a rural-based economy Thursday, June 3, 1976 spect for our Flag, the symbol of our coun district, I am very interested in how the try's tradition of Liberty and Justice For persons who are running for the highest Mrs. MEYNER. Mr. Speaker, now that All. office in our country feel about the de the House of Representatives has finished Each year at the Flag Day Parade, through velopment of a comprehensive ruraV its most pressing business of the day, I the generosity of a number of donors, smalltownlsmall business policy for the would like to call to the attention of 18"x12" are distributed to each boy and State. For this reason, I have written to this body a problem that affects New girl participating in the parade for them to Jersey and several other States. carry proudly in the line of march and keep the candidates for President to receive In this time of ever-tightening budg as a memento following the event. It is their views on what should be done for the forgotten people of the rural ets, taxpayers everywhere are concerned hoped that involvement in this patriotic that they get what they pay for. It is event by thousands of youths will instill a States and small towns. I include in disconcerting, therefore, to learn that lasting impression and greater appreciation the RECORD a copy of the letter that I of their country's heritage and history. sent to the candidates, and their an New Jersey residents have been shoul First started in 1952 with 100 members of swers as I receive them. I shall also send dering an excessive share of the Federal the Koch Club boys baseball and girls soft their replies to farm publications: tax burden for a number of years. In ball leagues marching through the streets of fiscal year 1975, for example, New Jersey Norfolk Downs to Cavanagh Stadium in WASHINGTON, D.C., May 26, 1976. received $1.5 billion in Federal grants-in DEAR PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES: I know North Quincy for the Flag Raising Cere that you are very busy with the primaries aid but paid more than $2 billion in monies, the numbers involved each year has in many of the states, but as a member of Federal taxes. This means that taxpayers continued to increase until the 1975 event the Congressional Rural Caucus and repre in New Jersey paid $1.36 for each dollar last year included 2500 marchers each senting the rural-based economy state of of Federal grant money in 1975. proudly displaying their new 50 star flags. South Dakota, I feel strongly about the de Only five other States paid more for Lieutenant General George S. Patton was velopment of a comprehensive rural/small less benefits. guest speaker on the 24th year and Captain town/small business policy. I am originally In an article that appeared in Monthly Richard A. Stratton, U.S. Navy Commanding from a farm, and I grew up in a rural en Tax Features, which is published by the Officer, will address the participants and Vironment. In looking at the race for nominee spectators at the 25th Observance on Monday, for President in both political parties. I Tax Foundation, Inc., a breakdown of June 14, 1976. would like to ask you to answer the questions receipts and outlays by States indicates Clergymen of each faith have been that follow in order to gain an idea of what that several States, notably those in the invited to attend the program and express directions you will be moving if you are Southeast, benefit greatly at the expense prayers of thanksgiving to God for the bless elected President. of others. ings bestowed on our nation in freedom, With some 30% of the American popula Mr. Speaker, I urge all Members in abundance and national resources and ask tion living in towns of 10,000 or less or on this Chamber to take note of the fol guidance that we may share these gifts with farms, I feel that the "forgotten people" in lowing article and to seriously consider our neighbors and brothers in need through the country are those who live and work in our rural areas and small towns. Conversa a more equitable tax burden/benefit ratio out our country and our world. for all States: Mr. John c. Comer, Massachusetts State tions with people in my district indicate to me the concern of many people that the BURDEN OF FEDERAL GRANTS FALLS UNEVENLY Commander of the American Legion, Will be rural areas are not given much attention in ON STATES Honorary Marshall of the Parade and City Washington. For this reason, I feel the fol Parade Coordinator Thomas M. McDonald, Federal grants-in-aid to state and local lowing questions are important to our state, governments totaled $48.2 billion in fiscal Past Commander of the Quincy Veterans and. would ask that you return the answers council and George F. Bryan Post V. F. W., 1975, the highest ever and up $3.6 billion to me: from the 1974 grants of $44.6 billion. will be Parade Marshall. 1. What is your policy on international The tax burden for such grants fell un Mr. Richard "· Koch, Executive Director agricultural trade? What steps would. you evenly on taxpayers across the nation, rang and Founder of the 28 year old Koch Club take to give agricultural imports/exports the ing from 42 cents per dollar of grants in of Quincy, will be Master of Ceremonies of same treatment our industrial exports re Alaska to $1.46 in Florida, according to cal the Flag Day Parade and Stadium Exercises. ceive? Would you use food as a foreign policy culations just completed by Tax Foundation. City and state dignitaries will be led by tool? Would you consider creating a "food Close behind Florida was Indiana, whose Mayor Joseph J. LaRaia, City Council Presi cartel" against the Arab oil cartel? taxpayers had a burden of $1.41 per dollar dent and State Senator Arthur H. Tobin, 2. Will you appoint a family farmer as of aid. Ohio paid $1.40, and Connecticut, members of the Quincy City Council, School your Secretary of Agriculture? In interna Delaware, Tilinois and New Jersey each paid committee and State Representatives. All tional trade agreements that affect agricul $1.36. appointed officials have been invited to ture, will the Agricultural Secretary be given Thirteen other states had a tax burden for attend and participate. the same negotiating power that the Secre grants greater than the grants they received. To climax the program, the Quincy Sym tary of State and the Treasury now enjoy? All the remaining states but two, and the phony Orchestra and Park and Recreation 3. What are your policies on rural/small District of Columbia, received more than they town/small business development--specifi paid for. Arizona and Pennsylvania came Board will jointly sponsor an hour long "Pope cally in the following areas: out even. concert" at the stadium at 8:30 P.M. to close (a) Business Development. Revenue sharing grants totaled $6.1 billion out the evening. (b) Transportation (Airline, Railroads, in Fiscal Year 1975. !\Ir. Joseph E. Burke, Chairman of the and Trucking) . The formula under which the tax burden Park and Recreation Board and Mr. Andrew (c) Credit (FmHA, SBA, etc.). is allocated to the states was developed by T. Walsh, President of the Quincy Symphony (d) conservation (Topsotl preservation, Tax Foundation in cooperation with other Orchestra will participate in the evenings shelterbelts, etc.). organizations. The method and. bases for activities. (e) Housing. estimating the allocations have been in use June 14, 1976 should provide an enjoyable (f) Rural Water Systems. for the past 13 years. EXTENSlO~S , OE -l.U:~n States that got the most for their money FEA'-UNNECESSARY FEDERAL could have had. The longer we have FEA, the besides Alaska were New Mexico, which pald BUREAUCRACY more dangerous our dependence on foreign 50 cents, Mississippi, 52 cents, a.nd South oUts likely to grow. Dakota, 55 cents. The District of Columbia The reasons for abolishing FEA are had a tax burden of only 28 cents for each HON. BILL ARCHER manifold. dollar of aid. OF TEXAS New York, contrary to some opinions, also received a good deal on its grants from the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE NEW Federal Government. Its burden was 83 cents Thursday, June 3, 1976 YORK STATE FOOD STAMP COALI per dollar of aid. New York led the nation, TION however, in the total amount of grants it Mr. ARCHER. Mr. Speaker, on June 1, received at $5.7 billion. Its tax burden for 1976, the House passed H.R. 12169, a bill this aid was $4.7 billion. to authorize appropriations for the Fed HON. FREDERICK W. RICHMOND California, on the other hand, was a loser. eral Energy Administration. I voted OF NEW YORK Its tax burden for grants was $5.3 billion, against this measure. while it received only $4.9 billion in grants. The FEA has become another bureau IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES California taxpayers bore nearly eleven per cratic agency which has grown in size Thursday, June 3, 1976 cent of the total U.S. tax burden to fund and in desire to further regulate our do Mr. RICHMOND. Mr. Speaker, the grants. New York paid just under ten percent mestic energy industry. The increased of the total. New York State Food Stamp Coalition is Other states receiving substantial grants involvement of the Federal Government comprised of concerned citizen groups were Pennsylvania at $2.7 billion, illinois and in our energy policy will not assist our whose objective is to insure that those Texas with $2.2 billion, and Michigan, $2.1 country in becoming self-sufficient in the with low incomes have a real opportunity billion. Florida received $1.3 billion in grants energy field. Additional Federal controls to obtain adequate nutrition. Their ef against a tax burden of $1.9 billion, !our hamper our domestic developments in forts to end the administrative bottle percent of the total. the energy field and make us more de necks and inequities of the food stamp The Thx Foundation formula for allocat pendent on foreign sources. program are commendable. ing tax burden is designed to show more I wish to include in the RECORD ex Recently the conference met in Al accurately than the U.S. Treasury figures, cerpts from a column entitled ''Federal bany, N.Y., to discuss the current prob where the tax dollars actually originate. U.S. Energy Office: A Costly Outrage" by Treasury figures show where taxes are col lems of food stamp reform. The follow lected. For example, tobacco taxes are col Alan W. Bock-Anaheim Bulletin, May ing members who participated in the lected in a few southern states, but the 19, 1976. Mr. Bock points out the defects conference should be praised for their burden of the tax falls on smokers in all in the FEA: work. The resolutions adopted at the states. FEA-UNNECESSARY FEDERAL BUREAUCRACY meeting blaze the trail toward true re FEDERAL GRANTS-IN-AID TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERN FEA has provided a case study of bureau form which provides sufficient food MENTS AND ESTIMATED TAX BURDEN OF FEDERAL cratic growth and abuse. It began as a "tem stamps without bureaucratic redtape, GRANTS '-FISCAL YEAR 1975 porary" agency to meet a short-term emer and with a . recognition of the real needs gency. It has grown to well over $100 million of millions of Americans. I wholehearted Estimated Tax in budget and 3,400 in employees. The admin tax burden istration's bill to extend FEA for another ly endorse the recommendations of this burden per three years calls for tripling the budget to conference, and trust that my colleagues Grants for dollar will take a few moments to thoughtfully State (millions) grants 2 of aid $440 million. FEA has spent more on press agentry and consider them: lobbying than most people can understand. TotaL •..••••• $48,195.5 $48,195.5 $1.00 NEW YORK FOOD STAMP CONFERENCE It wanted to run television commercials SPONSORS Alabama •• ------809.7 597.6 . 74 which were so blatantly anti-Arab and Alaska •••• ------251.0 106.0 .42 Buffalo Hunger Task Force. Arizona. ___ •••• _____ noxious that the Madison Avenue fiacks who Capital Area Hunger Action Coalition. 458.8 457.9 1.00 had volunteered to help through the Ad Arkansas._------508.6 332.5 .65 Capital District Community Nutrition Ad- California •• _••• ______4,892. 9 5, 267. 8 1.08 vertising council were turned off and refused visory Committee. Colorado __ ------565.1 568.7 1. 01 to continue. When you offend an ad-man's Connecticut__ •••••• __ 672.7 915.7 1. 36 sense of decency you've done something. Community Service Society. . Delaware.------••••• 120.1 163.9 1. 36 Food Stamp Task Force (Community Ac Florida._. __ ••••••• __ 1,316. 5 1, 918.2 1.44 FEA then asked Congress for $20 million to do its own commercial advertising. FEA has tion for Legal Services). Georgia •••••••••••• __ 1, 176.9 949.4 .81 Hunger Task Force (Community Council Hawaii__ ___ •• ___ •• __ 246.6 216.9 .88 more than 100 professional publicists with a Idaho.------203.9 154.2 • 76 $3.5 million budget now. They turned out of Greater New York). Illinois __ .------2, 226.1 3, 017.0 1.36 more than 1,000 press releases in a few Inter Community Center for Justice and IndianaIowa ______------__ 805.5 1, 137.4 1. 41 Peace (NYC) . 555.6 592.8 1.07 months and stored them In computers for Kansas ______•• _____ 444.0 496.4 1.12 instant retrieval. Aren't you glad you're pay .Legal Aid Society of Albany. Kentucky_ •• ______• __ 832.4 578.3 .69 ing for that? Monroe County Nutrition Task Force louisiana •••••• ______878.0 655.5 • 75 Maine ______••.• _ . Lobbying and press agentry are supposed (Rochester) . 291.1 192.8 .66 National Association for the Advancement Maryland __ •• _. ____ _• 965.1 1, 065.1 1.10 to be forbidden to federal agencies. Fine Massachusetts ______1, 455.9 1, 426.6 . 98 points of law don't seem to bother FEA. Last of Colored People (Saratoga Chapter). Michigan. ____ •..••• _ 2, 112.2 2, 236.3 1. 06 Winter, though the Federal Power Commis National Organization of Women (New Minnesota ______... 899.2 833.8 .93 York Chapter). Mississippi__------632.9 327.7 .52 sion clearly has regulatory authority over Missouri.. ______905.9 978.4 1. 08 natural gas FEA coordinated a massive lob New York State Association for Human Montana ••••••••.• ___ 221.1 144.6 . 65 Services . Nebraska ______bying effort for deregulation and cranked out 337.3 327.7 . 97 all kinds of nice boo:.:lets. That brought on New York State Catholic Conference. Nevada _____ •..•..•. _ 138. 1 159.0 1.15 New York State Council of Catholic Chari New Hampshire. _____ 170.7 178.3 1.04 some suits by taxpayers, which failed to stop New Jersey ______1, 500.4 2, 043.5 1.36 distribution. ties Directors. New Mexico ______375.4 188.0 .50 Later, FEA Administrator Frank Zarb New York State Council of Churches. New York .------5,681. 7 4, 728.0 .83 New York State Health and Welfare Coali North Carolina ______1, 047.7 1, 002.5 .96 wanted to expand into meddling with nuclear North Dakota •••..••• _ 169. 6 120.5 • 71 energy. He hired 20 new employees and asked tion. Ohio_------__ _ 1, 787. 5 2, 496.5 1.40 Congress to come up with another $2 million. New York State Senior Action Council. Oklahoma •••••• __ • __ _ 652.9 496.4 • 76 Congress rejected the request and ordered Nutrition Task Force (New York State Oregon. __ ------__ •• _ 558.1 506.1 . 91 Alliance of Community Action Programs). Pennsylvania ...•...•• 2, 696.2 2,689. 3 1. 00 the new office abolished. The Wall Street Rhode Island ______248.7 216.9 .87 Journal reported that Zarb abolished the Program Funding, Inc. South Carolina. __ • __ _ 572.5 486.8 . 85 NAME of his Office of Nuclear Affairs, but Rensselaer County Food Stamp Task Force . South Dakota .•.•..•.• 211.9 115.7 . 55 kept the newly-hired employees working on Troy Area Labor Council, AFL-CIO. Tennessee. ______• 887. 6 785.6 .89 United Methodist- Church, Board of Glob:'ll Texas. ______...• ___ 2, 197. 5 2, 501. 3 1.14 nuclear issues. Utah .• ______•.• ____ • 287.9 212.1 . 74 You'd think that FEA's efforts to deregulate Ministries (Women's Division Central Con Vermont. ...•.•.. ____ 154.0 91.6 . 59 some aspects of the petroleun1industry would ference). Virginia ••••.•.•. _____ 1, 002. 5 1, 084.4 1. 08 Welfare Workers for .Justice/WRO (NYC). Washington .••.••. ••. 780.0 848.2 1. 09 mean fewer FEA employees. (Well, maybe West Virginia ______550.9 308.4 .56 you're not so naive, either). Somehow FEA, Wisconsin._------_.• 918.2 988.0 1.08 under the "phased deregulation" process NEW YORK FOOD ~~~MP COALITION Wyoming_------97.9 86.8 .89 found a way to add an additional 600 em 722.5 202.4 .28 In Albany, Wednesday, April 21, 1976, the District of Columbia ..• ployees to its army of regulators. conference of the ·New York State Food FEA, though t~e confusion, inhibition of Stamp Coalition adopteQ. the following rec 1 Excludes shared revenues; general revenue sharing and trust fund aids, the search for domestic energy, paperwork ommendations for · legis1at~ve reform as are 2 The total burden for aid payments is assumed to equal aid and lm.posttlon of artificial costs on energy, sult of the concern that the Food Stamp payments, has been the best friend the OPEC oil cartel Program is in fact intended to guarantee a June 3, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS ,: 16599 nutritionally adequat e diet to all low income A. The use of a retrospective accounting which I polled the citizens of the Fourth households: period would deny beneflts to persons who District of Kentucky. Some 17,000 of my I. The program should be made truly ac are recently unemployed and persons with constituents responded to the question cessible to the neediest households by ellml seasonal income. nating the purchase requirement: B. Current income use would allow the naire and I think the returns adequately A. The Purchase Requirement should be program to meet the actual needs of house demonstrate the views of the people in eliminated because: holds. the district which I represent. Since the 1. Less than 50% of t he persons with in· IV. The assets test currently in effect policy areas addressed are of national comes below the OMB poverty level currently should be frozen until a study of the effects concern and are by no means local issues, participate due to their inability to afford of proposed changes can be studied by Con the results may well be of interest to my t he cost of the stamps. gress: fellow legislators. 2. Ellminat ion of t he Purchase Require A. The Administration has proposed the ment would reduce program administrative adoption of the SSI assets test which would The questionnaire was made up of two costs by $36 million annually. eliminate elderly homeowners and the tem parts. In the first section respondents 3. It would reduce or eliminate vendor porarily unemployed from the program. were requested to rank nine issues of fraud, which current ly exceeds $25 million. B. The SSI assets test would greatly in current interest in order of importance. B. If the Purchase Requirement is not crease administrative costs and create the There was such a wide variance between eliminated, the cost of food stamps should potential for massive new program errors the responses from different areas within be set at a level no higher than 25 % of a and inequities. the fourth district that I have listed the household's net income. V. Administrat ive procedures must be sim II. The program should incorporate a sys plified and not further complicated by costly returns on the basis of counties, to avoid tem of deductions which allows for expenses and burdensome procedures such as counter distortion. On the second section of the of employment and a standard deduction signing food stamps, monthly income report questionnaire, the respondents were w~ich represents t he actual expenses of re ing and the use of photo I.D.S.: asked to answer yes or no to a question of cipient households: A. The State of New York estimates that policy on a single issue. Throughout this A. Expenses of employment which must be t he above procedures would increase their section there was an amazing level of deducted include mandatory payroll deduc administrative costs by as much as $50 mil tions, and the cost of maintaining employ lion per year. agreement throughout the district on ment (such as child care, transportation, E. Maladministration of the above proce practically every point. The only excep etc.) , so that working households are not dures would result in the denial or termina tion was the question on detente, upon penalized, but are provided with an incentive tion of benefits to thousands of poverty which the votes were evenly split. to seek and maintain employment. stricken households. Although busing ranked as the most B. The standard deduction must reflect important issue, only in Jefferson County t he actual monthly household expenditures and neighboring Oldham County, and for necessities, provide for an additional de duction for households which contain an was ranked as a much less important is elderly member, and reflect the higher ex WHAT DO YOU THINK? sue in the counties which have not been penses of larger households. closely affected by busing orders, I think C. The standard deduction must be up it is worth noting that there was virtu dated semiannually to reflect changes in the RON. GENE SNYDER ally unanimous opposition to busing cost of living. OF KENTUCKY throughout the district. Also noteworthy D. Deductions should also be allowed for are the importance placed on crime by households which are the victims of casual IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES t ies of disasters. Thursday, June 3, 1976 nearly all respondents and the solid m. Income for eligibility and benefits agreement on the need for welfare re must be based on the income which is cur Mr. SNYDER. Mr. Speaker, I present form, reduced Government spending, rently available to a household and not past for the interest of my colleagues, there · and mandatory minimum sentences. The earnings: sults of my re·cent questionnaire, through results of the questionnaire follow:
ENCLOSURE A QUESTIONNAIRE (1) Of those listed below, which do you believe to be the most important issues facing the American public? (Please list in numerical order with " 1" sta nding for the area of greatest concern and " 10" the least)
County No. 1 No.2 No.3 No.4 No. 5 No.6 No.7 No.8 No.9
Jefferson ______Busing ______Cri me ______Government Economy ______Inflation ______Government Energy ______Education ______Environment spending. regulations. Boone.______Crime______Government Economy_------Inflation ______Government Energy ______Education. ____ _ Busing ______Do. spending. regulations. Kenton ______do_------Economy_------Inflation ______Government Energy ______Government ___ do ______do ______Do. spending. regulations. CarroL ______------_ Government Inflation ______Economy ______Energy------___ Crime ______do ______Bu sing ______Education ______Do. spending. _____ do ______Gallatin ______------_____ Crime ______.do_------______. do ______Government Energy------Busing ______Government Do. spending. regulations. Oldham ____ ------Busing ______Crime ______lnflation ______do ______Economy_------Government Energy ______do ______Do. regulations. Trimble __ ------_____ Economy __ ----- Inflation ______Government Crime ______Energy------Busing ______Government _____ do __ ------Do. spending. regulations. CampbelL ------Crime ______:. ____ do______do ______Economy ______do ______Government Busing ___ .; __ ___ ~ ---- do ______Do • . regulations. ·
Co mposite 4th district______------Cri me: ______Inflation ___ ~ - --- Government Economy ______Busing-- -______------Government------Energy.---- ___ .: ___ __- Education- -- ______--· Environme----nt. - , spending. regulations.
!Please answer the following questions either yes or noJ
Yes No No response Yes No No response
2. Some experts believe that we must move to a 8. Would you fa vor a direct federal payment to balanced budget in order to control the rate persons in need rather than the current of inflation. Do you agree with this view? --- 85. 0 12.8 2. 2 welfare system? ------50.4 38.6 11.0 3. President Ford and others have proposed 9. Do you support court-ordered busing as a coupl ing a tax cutto a reduction in Federal means of achieving racial balance in our spending. Would you favor a dollar-for- schools?. __ ------______----- 2.7 96.2 1.1 dollar reduction in Federal spending to 10. Would yo11 be in favor of a constitutional equal the amount of any tax cut? ------85. 0 10.8 4.2 4. Should Congress impose a binding ce iling on g~s~~~~1~~~~r~~rg:e~~~ - ~~~~~~~~~~~- 90. 3 9.0 .7 the amount of Federal spending?------· 79. 6 16.9 3.5 11. Do you think the United States should con· 5. Do you support mandatory minimum sen- tinue to pursue a polic~ of detente (a re- tences for crimes comm itted with a fir~ laxation of tensions) wit the Soviet Union? __ 47.8 46.0 6.2 arm? ______---- 88.7 8.7 L6 12. Do you think the United States should re-eval- 85.5 11.7 2.8 uate its role in the United Nations?------91.2 5.7 3.1 ~: ~~eloouu ~~~r:~~rtl:~ti~:!"Jte~~~~h=e~r!:esrs:· . tern is in need of reform? •••••••••••••••• II. I ·' Ll 16600 EXTENSIONS OF~ June 3, 1976 AN EFFECTIVE GRAIN RESERVE ues of the traditional free enterprise system." organizations also dedicated to our cause. Secxetary of .Agriculture Butz concluded. There are dozens of them, surely one or more in your area. S~ppqit them, too. Then, as the Ides of November approaches, get out RON. PAUL FINDLEY and do some grassr~ts campaigning for the OP n.LINOJS OUR ENDANGERED TRADITION right candi~a.tes, If you, enough of you, do IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES all these things, perhaps by 1977 we can sit · back and enjoy our guns and our shooting Thursday, June 3, 1976 HON. JOHN T. MYERS sports with greater confidence in our rights Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, I urge my OF INDIANA under the Second Amendment. to Polls keep popping up in the news, and colleagues read the attached editorial IN THE HOUSE OF' REPRESENTATIVES many of them show results remarkably d.is from the Dlinois "Farm Week," May 24, Thursday, June 3, 1976 simllar to those reported by the professional 1976. Many of my colleagues who have pollsters. U.S. Congressman Bill Wampler called for a grain reserve should recog Mr. MYERS of Indiana. Mr. Speaker, (R-Va..) recently polled his constituents with nize that we already have one. As the a recent commentary in Field and stream ten questions on national issues. The fact editorial points out, our grain reserve on the issue of gun control legislation that two of those questions concerned guns today is '"'held in reserve by farmers, deserves the attention of our colleagues and gun legislation Is indicative of the im their cooperatives, processors, and pri as well as the American public in general. portance with which these issues are regard The article by E. B. Mann appears in the ed by many legislators. Wampler reports vate traders instead of the Government." "nearly twenty thousand" replies to his ma.ll It is 1n the hands of those who pro June issue and I commend it to all who ing-a significantly greater number than the duce, the farmer. At the same time, con have an interest in this important issue: 1,519 that controlled the recent Harris poll. trary to the comments of critics, the OUR ENDANGERED TRADITION I quote the questions to enable you to de United States has remained by far the (By E. B . Mann) cide whether they were "fair" or otherwise: dominant donor of aid to food deficit Pro-gun people, already critical of Presi Do you favor the federal registration and countries. dent Ford's track record on firearms issues. licensing of handguns? To this 67 percent of are voicing miXed emotions over his State of the answering Virginians wrote .. No." The article follows: the Union pronouncements. "The way to cut Do you believe ftu:lges should be required AN EFFECTIVE GRAIN RESERVE down on the criminal use of guns," the Presi to impose heavy prison sentences on crim You ca.n count on it. Once the electioneer dent said, "Is not to take guns away from inals who use gtms or other weapons to com ing Is over and Congress settles back down the law-abiding citizens but to impose man mit crimes? To this 95 percent of the answer to business, the matter o! grain reserves wlll datory sentences tot crimes in which a gun 1s ing Virginians voted "Yes." probably be advanced. used, make it harder to obtain cheap guns for Bill Wu.mpler is one of the 115 Congress men whose names appear on the Advisory Consumer activists will han the idea or criminal purposes, and concentrate gun con trol enforcement in big crime areas." Council of the Citizens Committee For the government-held grain reserves as a. way to Right to Keep and Bear Arms. cheaper food and protection from hunger. If the President had stopped after the word "used," he would have earned the pro Another member of the Citizens Commit The internatfona.lly-minded wll1 assert that tee Advisory Council, Representative John government grain reserves are necessary to gun vote. But what follows Is sheer political gobbledygook. "Cheap" guns are no more Ashbrook (R-Ohio), speaking before the continue Uncle Sam's role as the chief pro House, read into the RECORD the statement vider of food aid to hungry nations. dangerous in criminal hands than expensive ones, and the word "cheap" here can only be o! Los Angeles Pollee Chief Ed DaVis that It was probably with that in mind that an echo of the clamor over those "Saturday "The whole idea. [that anti-handgun legisla Secretary of AgricUlture Ea.rl Butz served up night specials," which no one has yet been tion would reduce murders and other gun a !ew reminders the other day to those pro able to define. Simllarly, the proposal to related crimes) ts absurd. We have countless ponents of government supply management. "concentrate enforcement in big crime areas" legal restrictions on guns now, but they don't Just because the government doesn't have by adding "500 additional federal agents in prevent [would-be assassins and others) its finger in the pie certainly doesn't mean the eleven largest high-crime areas" 1s not from receiving $50 fines or probation." that the United States suddenly has no sys only utterly lacking in logic, it is also bad Ashbrook added his own comment that "If tem of reserves, or that there Is no cushion politics. High-crime areas are exactly the we really want to reduce gun-related crimes, of grain stocks in this country, said Butz. areas in which law-abiding people most des all we have to do is to require Judges to im Butz pointed out that farmers are produc perately need guns for self-protection; and pose an additional penalty on those using ing tremendous quantities o! grains. The ex Americans, !rom colonial days forward, have guns in crime." cess grain today Is held in reserve by farmers, had no love !or, nor trust in, federal "gesta Justice Nathaniel Helman of the New York their coopet'atives, processors, and private pos"-a. !ear and distrust by no means les State Supreme Court ruled (December 1975) traders instead of the government. sened by the smash-in and shoot-'em-down that New York City police have no right to The tree enterprise syst-em, Butz reminded tactics of the IRS Alcohol Tobacco & Fire ask a. person to establish need when applying guarantees an efficient system of private arms goon squads in their six-year-long fail for permission to keep a pistol in their homes grain stocks because it provides individual ure to make a. stupid law-the Gun Control or places of business. (New York Times, 12/ opportunities !or farmers to make a pro:flt Act of '68---e1fective in crime control. The 24/75) and a system based on cash incentives tor ATF has already used that law as a. ladder This Is a ruling New Yorkers should note farmers from the marketplace. for empire-building and budget inflation, and and remember. It Is a knockout blow to the it Is at least reasonable to doubt that the Sullivan Law 1! the police can be forced to As an example of the way the price system thought of further expansion in that direc observe it. But it's a big "1!!" makes adjustments quickly and automa.tt win Divots from the TV weekly documentary, cally, the secretary pointed to the short feed tion will much favor with voters. grain crop in 1974 which occurred at the We wonder who ts advising the President "60 Minutes": According to a. criminologist on these matters. Whoever they are, better introduced as .. an authority," only one in same time total world grain production was advisors are available! We suggest that Pres thirteen serious offenders serve time at all; down. ident Ford (and you, before you vote) write and "rehabilitation does not work, as ts Even with the resulting shifts in livestock the Citiz-ens Committee For The Right To proved by the fact that two out of every production and marketing, consumers felt Keep and Bear Arms ( 1721 DeSales St. N-w., three criminals are repeaters." The stat is little impact of the grain shortage, Butz said. Dept. FS, Suite 203, Washington, D.C. 20036) tics are his, not mine. The lack of government-held grain re for a. listing of the 115 Congressmen who So maybe we should go back to the old serves certainly has not threatened our food have authorized the use of their names as fashioned idea. of "crime and punishment," aid to needy nations. The United States re members of the Advisory Councll of that instead of the theory that the criminal is mains by far the dominant donor of aid to Committee. just a poor, underprivileged victim of our food deficit countries. That's right: 115 Senators and Representa opulent society. At least the old way kept tives who are on record against anti-gun them off the streets for an appreciable pe Even with the lessons learned about a.grt (and a.ntl-huntlng) legislation by casting riod-a. period during which they were no culture and the gratn reserve pollcy in the their names, their prestige, and their per longer permitted to share in the vast prof last three years, there are strong pressures sonal e:trorts- into the pro-gun, pro-hunting its-estimated to be ''tnore than 40 billion to return to the old, outmoded system. or cause. A year ago, only thirteen members of dollars a.nnually"-tha.t crime takes out of high price supports and government-held Congress were enrolled on that AdVisory our national economy. grain stocks, Secretary of Agriculture Butz Council (then newly formed). Durtng-1975, Representative Jamea H. Quillen (R. noted. the number rose to 115-a.n increase of over Tenn.) is another Congressman whose name 750 percent, and growing. This is not enough appears on. the. roll , o! :the Citizens Com Such a. reversal woUld indeed be unfortu"" to control either House, but these men can, mittee Adivsory Councll. In the October 22, nate not only for farmers but !or all Ameri and do, make it more difficult for the 1975 issue o! Illln.ois Wildlife, Congress cans, Butz believes. "The beneflts we have Kennedy-Conyers-Mtkva-Javits-Bayh bloc to man Q-ulllen argued strongly against the seen !rom our current experience of minimal achieve their ends. provision in th.e_ proposed Criminal Justice government interference in agriculture When you write the Citiz~ns Committee, Reform Act that woUld make it a. federal should convince every American of the val- ask them for a list of the state and local crlnie for a citiZen to shoot a nlghttilne June 3, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16601 prowler in the home. "If this piece of idiocy duce a standard of living unequaled In the range impact on the industry, the economy is enacted, the criminal element in this world. and the American consumers would be little country will cheer.••• Obviously, the short of disastrous. police cannot protect citizens against every FACTS DON'T SUPPO,RT DIVESTITURE Bigness ls essential to the on industry, gunsel and thug bent on violence. . . . More A mass of legislation has been started with its massive financial requirements and gun control will only make life easier for through Congress with the stated intent huge facUlties. Big on just could not do the crooks while undermining the constitu to split up the nation's major oil com the job on a small scale. Divestiture would tional freedoms of citizens. . . . I am totally panies into producing, pipeline transporta force smallness on the industry, in the opposed to these proposals." tion and refining-marketing segments, each name of more competition. But it would So the news is not all bad. But it ls bad be at the cost of crippling an essential tn enough to warn all gun owners and shoot independent of the others. Advocates charge the oil companies with dustry at a time when the U.S. is trying ing sportsmen that the time to get crackin' to become more self sufficient. in pro-gun politics is now. Letters to law lack of competition and monopolistic prac tices, a charge the facts do not support. If Big Oil becomes the victim of divesti makers are fine, and they do help; but ture, other large American industries likely electing the right lawmaker is better. There are 10,000 oil-producing companies, about 130 refining companies, 100 interstate will be next in line. There would be a serious pipeline companies and about 300,000 gaso threat to the survival of private competitive line retaners. enterprise in this country. SHOULD WE BREAK UP THE OIL While concentration ratios in the oil indus Congress must move slowly and carefully, COMPANIES? try range from 29 to 38 per cent for the and in full recognition of the facts, not sus largest four companies, in other lines of picions or misconceptions. business ratios range from 30 to 92 per cent. There is a need for better regulation of Consider this: The four largest on companies the on Industry. But there is a vast differ HON. BILL ARCHER ence between controls and destruction. OF TEXAS control 33 per cent ofthe U.S. refinery out put; the four largest chewing gum com IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES panies control 86 per cent of the output; Thursday, June 3, 1976 the four largest office machine firms control 81 per cent of the output of typewriters; the A LOOK INTO THE WORLD OF THE Mr. ARCHER. Mr. Speaker, I am very four top greeting card makers control 67 per EDUCATIONAL TESTING SERVICE concerned with an attempt to convince cent of the greeting card output and the four the American people that we need to leading Ught bulb makers control91 per cent break up the oil industry. If successful, of the output of electric lamps. BON. MARIO BIAGGI this divestiture movement would be a The real question facing the nation ls not OF HEW YORK serious blow to the efforts of our colUltry whether the on industry should be torn IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES apart, but how it can most effectively meet to become self-sumci:mt in the energy our energy needs. Thursday, June 3, 1976 field and would greatly increase the price It takes money to develop alternative of energy for the American consumer. sources of energy in advance of the day when Mr. BIAOGI. Mr. Speaker, in late Fortunately, a number of newspapers the oil wells literally run dry. A recently March of this year, the Trenton, N.J. throughout the country have looked at published directory Usia several hundred Times conducted a major series into the this issue and produced some thoughtful organizations now working on proposals to operations of the Educational Testing and informative editorials on the conse develop solar energy. Among them, predict Service. The series was written by two ably, one finds oil companies busny at work. staff members of the Times, J. Stryker quences of divestiture. I insert into the Solar energy will only be developed if there CONGRESSIONAL RECORD editorials from Meyer and Jim Landers. are economic advantages. In recent years, there has been grow the Columbus Ledger of Columbus, Ga., Shell Oll is one of the first. Several years April 8, 1976; the State Journal of ago Shell's Houston headquarters received ing concerns registered among educa Topeka, Kans., April 22, 1976; and the a letter from a New York bank advising them tors and students alike about the validity Lewiston Daily Sun of Lewiston, Maine, a noted researcher in the solar energy 1leld of the standardized tests which are April23, 1976. My colleagues should read had developed a method of converting and conducted by the ETS for prospectiye these editorials carefully before this issue storing energy from the sun. This was one students seeking admission into colleges among thousands of letters received. and universities as well as medical comes before the House of Representa Shell invested $3 million in the idea. Under tives: schools, law schools. new agreements, the oil company put in The concerns have been triggered as DISMEMBERMENT No ANSWER another $3.6 million. There are those in Congress who believe This year, the company will market long a result of sharply dropping scores of that by brea.king up the major oil companies life solar energy modules for speCial uses in students on these examinations. most of the problems concerning oil and remote or mobile appUcations-s1milar to The article I am inserting today dis gasoline will be solved. the use of fiashlight batteries. So far, solar cusses the Educational Testing Service A Senate subcommittee has approved a bill energy has not produced electricity in com as a company. The article shows there that would affect 18 of the top 20 oil com mercially marketable quantities for utility markable growth of the ETS in its 28- panies operating in the United States. distribution Unes. year history to such a point that it now The bill, sponsored by Sens. Birch Bayh The interesting fact is that only an on and Philip A. Hart, would prohibit companies company had the courage and resources to provides tests for more than 5 million from both producing crude oil and refining back this research. Dismemberment would students as well as conducts research or marketing it. Refiners would also be pro have prevented it from doing so. projects, provides financial aid services hibited from directly operating any service Congress should be wary of cutting o:ff and a whole range of other programs and stations they didn't already operate as of that source of energy development capital. services. Their expansion can be seen in Jan. 1, 1976. Facts indicate it would do only harm. their financial situation. In the words of Several things are obvious if this oil break the authors "the corporation has grown up bill actually becomes law. This legislation would reduce the capa BREAKING UP BIG OIL from a small test development company bil1ty of the oil industry to explore for new A fixation on the part of the American with an operating budget under $2 mil sources in the United States. In turn, it would public that bigness in business is bad is lion to a burgeoning, multifaceted test cause the United States to become even more behind the c~ent efforts to persuade Con ing/research industry that had a $58.5 dependent on foreign oil. gress to break up the on industry. Actually, million budget in 1975." The regular ETS The consumer would pick up the tab for bigness is essential in many fields and the staff has grown from a few hundred to increased costs of operating separated oil on industry is one of them. nearly 2,000 employees. producing and oil refining systems. Congress has before it a bill which would W. T. Slick Jr., senior vice president of attack what is known as vertical integration I and several of my colleagues have Exxon company, recently gave a Senate sub in the oil industry, forcing the companies been looking into various facets of the committee an idea of what would happen if to limit their operations to one, but no more, operations of the Educational Testing the dismemberment of these oil companies of the four basic functions: Searching for Service over the past several months. becomes a reality. and producing oil and natural gas; making My attention has been focused on the He said the move would increase unem products from oil; transporting the raw administration of the law school admis ployment and reverse the current trend of materials and products; and marketing pe sion test, and whether it is a reliable economic recovery. It also would reduce the troleum products. The legislation would re n ation's domestic energy supplies, increase quire Big Oil to divest itself of the assets indicator of a student's ability to succeed in ternational payments defiCits and increase and operations In other than a single !unc- in school. I have also been looking into the cost of energy to consumers. ·- tion. _ how the Federal funds obtained annually . Congress should think twice before tam At first glance, it appears like a good way by the ETS are used. Other inve.Stiga~. pering with a system that has helped pro- to cut Big OiJ. down to size. But the long tions_ into the _subject have focused on 16602 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 3, 1976 the maintenance of individual student for educational democracy, attacking bar the same In the future if testing remains as records by the ETS and their relation riers to learning .and work that often have deep 1n the fabric of Am.erlca.n life as it 1S prevented the black, the poor, the disad today. ship to the individual's right to privacy. vantaged and the scorned in society from Willard Wirtz. director of the National I am pleased to provide my colleagues realizing the American dream of unlimited Manpower Institute ln Washington. D.C., and with the benefit of this article. Sub opportunity. former U.S. Secretary of Labor under Presi sequent articles from this series will fol But a growing number of critics, from out dents Kennedy and Johnson, currently chairs low in the near future. side professionals 1n the education commu a panel of experts investigating why the The Trenton Times article entitled nity to students groping through three Scholastic Aptitude Test scores of mlll1ons "The Company Under a Halo" now hour exams, might choose another word for of American high school students have been ETS: Power. The power of a.n organization decllnlng for 12 years. As part of that in follows: that shapes national and local policy, that quiry, Wll'tz feels the panel must begin THE COMPANY UNDER A HALo sways Judges 1n their decisions, that stands investigating the power of testing itself. (By Jim Landers a.nd J. Stryker Meyer) like the mute doorman of fate before the "The extent to which we a.re putting our (First of four parts) gates of school and work deciding who shall selves as a. country at the mercy of a. series In October 1969, a.t the height of the anti get ln. and who shall not. For the critics of tests is a. hell of a thing-and not a. litt le of ETS, the halo is tarnished; the company disturbing," he said. war movement, Educat;Ional Testing Service Itself is the barrier to equal opportunity; Willlam W. Turnbull, the president of ETS, put aside designing tests for a day to hold power bas been concentrated in the hands of has been with the company since Its birth. in-house workshops on the America.n pres a few men a.nd women, whose professional He acknowledges that the critics of testing ence 1n IndochJ.na. It was an expression of accounta.blllty to society is ambiguous. and ETS are more numerous today than at corporate conscience. "Far too many educators appear to believe Two years later, when the Navy's ROTC any other time. that standardized tests were constructed in "Some of their criticisms are thoughtful, program asked the t&-tlng company to sup heaven by God and His angels," said Norman and others are not." he said. "It is roughly in ply it with the names of scholarship appli R. Dixon, an assocta.te professor of higher cants with superior test scores, an ETS em proportion to the centrallty testing has been education at the University of Pittsburgh. achieving In our way of life." ploye sent the Navy 100,000 names of stu .. Yet, standardized tests have telling effects dents who had performed dismally on ETS ETS tests are now a major, and often cen on the aspirations and opportunities of those tral, part of the lives of 2.5 mlllion elemen exams. It was an expression of 1ndiv1dua.l who are powerless, poor, and lnslgn1ficant conscience, according to one former company tary school children; 1.4 milllon high school to loca.I, state and national governments." students hoping to get Into college; 319,000 official, th:a.l. ETS hastened. to correct but There is ample evidence to support both later regarded with a certain amount of college graduates hoping to earn higher de views of ETS: there is service and there Is grees; and hundreds of thousands of people bemusement. power, merit and abuse, opportunity and ob Those acts o! protest seem long ago. But asplrlng to careers fn gynecology. teaching, struction fn the workings of a nonprofit cor the CIA, architecture, radiology. law. auto they refiected the current of moral pa.sslon poration with annual revenues now exceed mechanics, stock brokerage and even profes that has run through ETS since It was cre ing $58.5 million and a. net income of more sional golf. ated, a moral passlon that has given it the than $1.1 million. 1ma.ge of a company with a. halo. For those taking the occupa.tlona.l tests.. ETS and the College Entrance Examina jobs often depend on the scores. ETS now ETS has been gathering the best and the tion Board point with pride to a vast array writes tests used by professional Ucenslng brightest in the fields of iestlng and re of Cinderella stories that describe how dis boards that determine who shall gain certi search for 28 years. providing them with the advantaged youngsters, with no strong sense amenities a! a.cademla'& Iwry Tower and fication in fields such as dentlsty, podiatry. of self-esteem or ambition. ~ the Scholas psychiatry and nurslng. Even policemen are turning them loose on the task of reform tic Aptitude Test in high school, scored well, ing education in America. now certtfled on the basis of ETS testa. were encouraged to go on to conege and Examples of the abuse of these tests From its lowly begl.nn1ngs on a. Princeton eventually found thriving careers 1n the street corner, ETS has grown Into a. nation abound. American ma1n.stream. Consider Ralph Dungan, the state Chan wide company testing five m.llllon people There are other stories to remind the each year and conducting research into the cellor of Higher Education. Faced with a per listener of what the country was like before ceived decline 1n student abUftles, and an education of other mllllons. the tests came &long. The company is best known far Its work abundance of college graduates seeking Jobs "I can think of no better example of how in fields already overcrowded. Dungan has with the College Entrance Examination standardized tests have changed America Board; it writes the SCholastic Aptitude called for the use of predetermlned SCholastic than Paul Robeson,•• the famous a.thle~ Aptitude Test scores as mlnlmum require Test. But ETS has moved. tar beyond the singer, actor and civil rights leader, sa.ld examiner's role for would-be freshmen. ments to New Jersey's state colleges and William H. Anghoff, executive director of universities. sta.te and loca.I governments throughout college boards programs with ETS. the country are agonizing over school finance Dungan proposes to use "cutoff scores." ""Robeson's story Is tragic. Here's a man According to a. memorandum he presented reform. and ETS 1s there, testify1ng 1n who was born on Witherspoon street, a. bril courtrooms where judges strike down the to the State Board of Higher Education. he liant man who was rejected by the school would like to see cutoff score&-& minimum property tax as a tool that denies equal Just up the street (Princeton University). He educational opportunity. achievement level-a.pplled either to Individ was Phil Beta Kappa at Rutgers, and a re uals or to an entire class of students hoping School boards 1n Loutsvme, Detroit,. B.lch markably talented man, yet (In 1915) Prince to become freshmen. mond and a host o! other ctttes worry over tin would not have him. If we had had a According to various executives at El'S, formulas for successful school integration. a dUierent kind of selection system, like the Dungan's proposa.l would be an abuse of the El'S 1.s there_ studying communities acrass SAT (Scholastic Aptitude Test). back then. test. the country in a.n effort to define effective things might have been very different." As ETS Executive Vlce President Robert J. desegregation. The case of Robeson, a black presumably Solomon expla.lned recently. cutoff scores Coileges struggling to fill sparsely popu denied admission to the Ivy League because can make the Scholastic Aptitude Test & lated dormitories are wondering where to of his race, lllustrates the high moral pur barrier to educational opportunity. recruit, and ETS !s there, providing these pose of providing objective, color blind tools .. Narrow, technocratic a.pproachea are schools with ln!orma'tlon about prospective of measurement that ETS views as the cor bound to deny opportunity," he said. "The students from a data. bank that includes nerstone to its !unction In society. question of college admissions 1S not a test the names of an estlma.ted 15 mllHon But of late. the power of ETS and its tests ing issue, not even a.n. educational issUe-it's Americans. has reached unprecedented proportions a social issue." And then there are the tests, hundreds of across the nation. It 1s a power transferred, In the literature and guidelines explalnlng them, the exa.mlna.tlons taken by mfillons o1 with few sanctlons guiding its use, to test its tests, ETS repeatedly wa.rns against the Americans each year at thousands of admlnlstrators who ha.ve repeatedly abused dangers of using only a student's test scores schools, universities and compa.nles. For ETS it. It is a power under attack and Investiga in making decisions. The only thing the these a.re the spea.rpoint ot' a lance atmed at tion on at "least seven dlfferent fronts. rang Scholastic Aptitude Test bas ever been shown barriers to equal opportunity In the United ing from Ralph Nader's lnst1tut1onal gadtlys to 1nd1ca.te is a student's grade performance States. They are seen by the company and to Congress. Principals, teachers, students, in h.ls first year of college; a.nd even then, a by admissions omcers and personnel di psyc.hologists, politicians and professors are high school record is a better forecast. Cut rectors as objective yardsticks to use 1n questioning ~he pervasive influence of stand o.tr scores. Solomon said, when used with the reaching decisions &bout who gets Into col ardized tests. Some have now called outright Scholastic Aptitude Test may even be un lege, who gets a. Job. which studena need !or their abolition. constitutional, ..a violation of due process for remedial school work or special education. The questions these people are asking the student." If ETS could be summed up in a single focus on ETS at the ilagshlp of the •1'70 mn ETS ls often caught in the middle In sit word, from top exectrtlves to clerical workers, llon standardized testing Industry. They have uation& of this kind. The public and its the company's 1.968 regular employes might seen ~be tests abused. they have seen them educators, demanding a means o! a.ccounta well choose ..l!lel"Yfce ... They see tbemselves as challenged a.s biased and they have seen them bllity for the performance ot students and the servants of American education. That. work as profoundly defeating lnfiuences on teache.rs are making demands on taU that service taltes them out to fight the holy war the llves of students. And they see more of they were never Intended to service. The June 3, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16603 resulting abuses have led to demands for "As far as the students that fell through K. Patricia Cross, a senlor research psy abolition of the tests themselves. the cracks, they were just so botched up chologist with the company's Berkeley omce, ETS tests have been used in many pa.rts that we never hea.rd about it:• he said. "That sketched this picture ot ETS in a paper de of the country to deny the>us&nds e>f school was just a bad scene, no question about it... llvered in 1973 before an audience of edu children, college ca:adidates, teachers and Other complaints against ETS deal with cation writers and editors: ot hers an equal chance at school and work. the potential for abuse. These are mostly "Agencies su1:h as ETS are shaped by, and Historically, test barriers have stood high concerned with two issues: privacy and test 1n turn help to shape, the directions of edu est before those who come from the lower bias. cational innovation.... Professionals at sooio-economic backgrounds. They a.re 1m Within the computers and microfilm 11- ETS must p1ay the role of educational states posed by test ad.m.ln.istrators whe> use test braries at the ETS site in Lawrence Town men and reformers by recognlzlng educa scores as their e>nly guidance in ma.k.lng decl ship are the names of an estimated 15 mil tionally sound ideas and helping to influ sie>ns that c&n have enormous consequences lion people. Several mllllon of these (no one ence the development of the tools that on an individual's life: scores that often have at the company 1s sure how many) are the would make possible their implementation. not been valid instruments, when taken 1n names of students who participate in the Our role as scientists and eduactional re isolation, for assessing the abilities of peo ETS Student Search Service, a program con searchers 1s to understand the lmpllcatlons ple. tracted for by the College Entrance Exam of data that extend the frontiers of knowl Elementary school youngsters 1n several ination Board on behalf of more than 1,000 edge about the educational process. And our states have been segregated into classes for colleges and universities that are looking for role as soothsayers 1s to recognize, even be the mentally retarded or slow learners classes recruits. fore they articulate it, what colleges and stu solely on the basis of test scores. Before the colleges are allowed to partici dents a.re going to want." Teachers in Virglnla, Lou.is1a.na ~nd North pate in the service, they must sign a pledge It Is a remarkable guiding philosophy. How Carolina (primarily blacks) have been de saying the information wlll be used only by well it suits a company like ETS is a ques moted, fired or refused work on the basis them in their hunt for students. Yet, on tion being debated right now both within of Invalidated cutoff scores for the National three dlfferent occasions 1n the last four and without the nation's small community Teachers Examination, an ETS test that some years, that ple"'ge has been broken. The com of test makers. of tb& company's own resea.Tchers have pany refused to discuss these violations. charged is biased against anyone not from a As for bias, contradictory reports swell traditional. middle class background. the research literature. At the hea.rt of the STATE DEATH TAXES: CHARITY Law firms have made use of the ETS Law issue are the persistently lower scores of BEGINS AT HOME? School Ad.m.iss1ons Test in making hiring disadvantaged minority groups on ETS tests. deciSions. despite the companrs protesta The company's critics cha.rge that the tests tions that the exa.m serves only as an lndl are written unfairly and discrlmlnate aga.lnst HON. CHARLES A. VANIK cator of a student's performance during the minorities. For its pa.rt, ETS points to a first year of legal studies--and not his work group of its own va.lldity studies that show OF OHIO performance. how the test results continue to predict the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mississippi has used the ETS Graduate performance of students once they reach Thursday, June 3, 1976 Record Exa.mlnation to deny educators, higher school years and college, and for test again prlma.r1ly blacks, a chance to teach in ing job appllcants, work performance. U Mr. VANIK. Mr. Speaker, the Ways state public schools. there is a bias, ETS says, it Is merely a re and Means Committee is currently con All of these practices vle>late the intent flection in the tests of a larger bias in so sidering legislation to reform Federal for which ETS says the tests were designed, ciety. estate and gift tax laws. During the com and courts have ruled most e>f them uncon Many of these problems and potential mittee's hearings last March on estate stitutional. Cutoff scores a.re a legal approach problems are the result of fallings by those tax reform proposals, we listened to a to hlrlng p~tlces, ETS agrees reluctantly, who make use of ETS materials, others are, but only 1f such uses have been proven perhaps, better laid directly on the com long list of witnesses from all parts of through lengthy valldity studies. pany's doorstep. ETS fs aware of them all; the Union, ranging from Maine to Cali But test abuse constitutes only pa.rt of the its actions 1n dealing with them range from fornia. By my count. witnesses from 29 concern critics have with ETS. A look at the inertia to reform 1n the way it conducts its States and the District of Columbia ap compla.1nts of test takers and others whe> use business. peared before the committee to offer the companys• services, coupled with an ..I think the only way you can get valid their versions of how these laws should exa.m.lnation of confidential ETS documents, tests 1s 1f they serve as indicators for the be changed. shows the company acting by itself on oc country," said Turnbull. "There are those I certainly do not mean to imply that casion to create obstacles for those seeking who cha.rge that our indicators may be good entrance to the mainstream of American for conservative institutions of higher edu they should not have come before the life. cation. but not for a .McLuhanesque society. committee, for I wholeheartedly support More than 1,000 students applying to law Certa1nly, th1s 1s no frivolous argument, but the committee's efforts for full discus schools in tlle 1970-71 sch{)()l year were pre I'm not sure how you would set standards sion of the issues and due process. How vented. from having their applications re for a fast-changing society. Institutions are ever, these deliberations call to mind the viewed because of the inability of ETS to conservative. Insofar as we follow them with old adage. "Charity begins at home." forward their college transcripts, aocording our measurements to service their needs, An examination of the State taxation to current and former company employes. we a.re conservative." laws that many States impose on estates The snafu was one ot information over Turnbull, Solomon and others with the and gifts leads one to wonder what le>ad. Acting at the request of one of the com company said 1n recent interviews that much pany's regular customers, the Law School Ad more needs to be done to curb the abuses efforts these individuals and lobbying missions Councll, ETS designed the Law of standardized tests, including the possibU groups are making to change their own School Data Assembly Service. The program ity of licensing test administrators. State State's laws. In many States, the lion's involves compiling transcripts, Law School ments were also made about exploring direc share of estate taxes for estates under, Admissions Test scorces and grade averages tions in which the company itself should say, $150,000, which is no small estate, of students hoping to get into law schools change. goes to State tax collectors. and forwarding these figures to the colleges. "It can always be said that we're not The State of Maryland, for example, According to an assessment of the difficul doing enough, and some of it is constructive charges a flat 1 percent inheritance tax ties encountered during the 1970-71 yea.r criticism," said Ronald Flaugher, a senior on money received from an estate. contained in the company's confidential research psychologist at ETS. "Right now, memos, ETS went into the project completely the halo is slightly tarnished when it comes Spouses as well as adult children are unprepared to handle the numbers of stu to our efforts at communicating proper test allowed a specific exemption of $150 dents who used the service (80,000 more than us-e." from this tax. This means that Mary anticipated). The number of students who Solomon, however, feels the critics miss land actually charges more for smaller called in to complain about delays in the the point when they accuse ETS of being estates than does the Federal Govern processing of their applications was 15,515. irresponsible With Its products. ment. On an inheritance with a gross "LoU; of cases were handled as they came "Tests are neutral tools by themselves. value of $60,000, Maryland levies a tax up to rectify complaints, and we went to bat The question is how people use them," he of $598.50. The Federal estate tax on for the students with the law schools on said. "They can be used to close doors, and this amount is zero. When a person in admissions deadlines," said John Winterbot they can be used to open them." herits a spouse's estate worth $100,000, tom, the former head of ETS law programs ETS, its conscience stung and its ha.lo Maryland raises its tax to $998.50, but who now serves as a special assistant to the tiiiled, has begun to regroup, tacitly agree company's president. ing t hat testing carries much more power the Federal estate tax is still zero. It is Winterbottom is skeptical about the figure than the company initially felt itself capable not until the value of the estate rises to of 1,000 students prevented from having their of generating. The corporate self-portrait has almost $15u,OOO that the Federal estate law school applications processed, but he expanded the definition of service to 3.ccom tax for a spouse rises to an amount conceded that the company never went back modate this power while insuring that the greater than the Maryland inheritance to come up with a figure of its own. cause of educational democracy is not lost. tax. The Federal estate tax on a $150,000 16604 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 3, 1976 estate is $1,650, and the Maryland tax $4,800, or nearly twice this amount. they represent the current level of the is $1,498.50, or a difference of $151.50. However, it should be noted, that this specific exemption, and two proposals for Mr. Speaker, time and again, the wit Federal tax amount does not include raising the specific exemption, respec nesses testifying before the committee consideration of other estate tax loop tively. Certainly, it must be agreed that stressed that they were after relief for holes that may be employed to escape estates over $100,000 are large by any the small farm, the small business, and paying Federal taxes, such as the gen standards. The sample of States used in the small individual. However, it appears eration-skipping trust, or other deduc this comparison were among the most that in cases such as Maryland's this tions for settlement and funeral-related heavily represented during the Ways and relief could be first coming from the expenses. Means Committee's considerations of gift home State. In the case of a marital Pennsylvania taxes inheritance at a and estate tax reform, and represent a transfer, Federal estate taxes have no fiat 6 percent and allows no specific fair cross-section of death tax treatment consequence until the estate reaches exemption. This State's taxes are the by States. I would like to stress that the more than $120,000, thanks to the com highest of the States I examined. A figures used in this table do not take bined effects of the 50-percent marital $60,000 estate which is free from Federal deduction and the $60,000 specific taxation gets socked with $3,480 due in into account other tax-saving devices exemption. Pennsylvania inheritance taxes for inter such as the generation-skipping trust, Ohio taxes on $60,000 estates that are spousal transfer. Pennsylvania's death charitable deductions, administrative transferred between spouses amount to taxes appear to be among the highest in expenses, or casualty or other losses. For $600 and to $1,310 for transfers to adult the Nation. A person who inherits his the sake of simplicity and the ease of children. However, the specified $60,000 spouse's $150,000 estate must pay Penn comparison, this table assumes that the exemption permits freedom from Federal sylvania $11,840 in estate taxes, or entire estate has been transferred to 1!be taxation for this size estate. A $100,000 seven times the Federal estate tax of recipient named. estate is taxed at $1,700 for interspousal $1,650. Federal tax relief will do little to Mr. Speaker, it is only as estates ap transfer in Ohio, but again, the Federal ease the problems of the widow or wid proach a size of $150,000 that Federal tax is zero. For estates transferred in ower in Pennsylvania. estate taxes begin to really outdistance their entirety to adult children or others, Mr. Speaker, the following table com State death taxes. I believe that this however, Federal estates do begin to rise pares the amounts of Federal taxes that should be kept in mind as the Ways and at this level. The Ohio estate tax on a would be paid with the amounts of State Means Committee and Congress consider $100,000 estate that is transferred to an taxes that would be paid on estates proposals to ease fw·ther the gift and adult child amounts to $2,510, while the amounting to $60,000, $100,000, and estate tax levels. Federal tax on this estate amounts to $150,000. These sizes were chosen, since The comparison follows: COMPARISON OF FEDERAL AND STATE DEATH TAXES
Amount of taxes paid Size of gross estate Federal Maryland Ohio Pennsylvania Massachusetts Iowa Nebraska
Transfer to spouse: $60,000 ______------0 $598.50 $600 ~ . 480 $845 0 $500 0 998.50 1, 700 5, 880 2, 805 $425 900 $1,650 1, 498.50 3,400 11,840 5, 815 2,575 1,400 Transfer11~~:~======to adult child: ======$60,000 ______------·------0 598.50 1, 310 3, 480 1, 490 1, 375 500 $100,000 •••• ------· ------ 4,800 998.50 2,510 5, 880 3,630 3, 425 900 $150,000------117,500 1,498.50 4,480 11, 840 6,835 6,775 1,400
1 Includes $400 allowable tax credit for State death taxes paid.
CONGRESSIONAL STAFFER------Since Mr. Higgs has chosen to thrust able to pay the high estate taxes. They DENOUNCES 30 MEMBERS himself forward by providing the Mexi are forced to sell the family farms. can press with banner-headline denun I have also introduced H.R. 5131. It ciations of Members of Congress, call would, at the election of the executor, HON. LARRY McDONALD ing them "irresponsible slanderers," he allow a farm estate to be assessed at its OF GEORGIA is once again asking for public exposure. value for farming purposes. This is a val uable alternative to present tax policy of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES valuing land at its highest potential Thursday, June 3, 1976 NEED FOR FEDERAL ESTATE TAX value. Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, it may LAW CHANGES Farmland should be assessed at its interest those Members who joined with value as farmland. Computing the estate me in calling attention to the leftward tax based on a nonfarm use often forces course of events in Mexico to learn that HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK a family to sell the farm. they have been denounced in the Mex OF OHIO Action is needed on these proposals. ican press as kukluxklanescos--Klans IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In:flation has made current law seriously men-and "irresponsible slanderers" by Thursday, June 3, 1976 out of date. Present exemptions work a congressional staff member. against the best interests of the United The source of the eight-column head Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, Fed States. line is William Leon Higgs, legislative as eral estate tax laws are seriously out dated. The present estate tax exemption sistant to Representative AUGUSTUS is $60,000. Previously I have introduced PATTERSON ASKS FOR HAYS HAWKINS. A summary of Mr. Higgs' pub legislation which would have doubled RESIGNATION lic activities, delicately omitting his con the exemption. but inflation over the past gressional connection, can be found in half dozen years has made that increase HON. JERRY M. PATTERSON the REcoRD-September 10, 1975, page too low. To remedy this situation I have 28533. Mr. Higgs, who was disbarred introduced legislation (H.R. 12277) OF CALIFORNIA after conviction for a serious morals of which would increase the exemption to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fense against a boy, later rendered such $200,000. Thursday, June 3, 1976 sterling legal aid to the New Mexico rad The House Ways and Means Commit Mr. PATTERSON of California. Mr. ical. Reies Tijerina, that Tijerina re tee is currently considering legislation Speaker, I respectfully ask you and my ceived a 3-year prison term. Since then, to change the estate tax laws. I am colleagues to act in the best interest of Mr. Higgs has amused himself with CIA heartened to see recognition of the prob the American people and the House of baiting and other fashionable Commu lems of farmers and small businessmen. Representatives in urging Representative nist Party-directed pastimes, st:ch as The present $60,000 estate tax exemp WAYNE HAYs to resign the chairmanship the disarming of America--see RECORD, tion has bit hard. For example, when a of both the House Administration Com March 22, page 7726. farmer has died, many families are un- mittee and the Democratic Congressional June 3, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16605 Campaign Committee until the charges that they are trying to make the reve their missile building, the story 1s the against him are resolved. nue sharing program so unpalatable to same. The alleged misuse of taxpayers' local Government omcials that they will The article from the Baltimore Sun money that HAYs has been accused of is no longer want to receive these badly detailing the proposal states that the a very serious matter. We must set our needed funds. Secretary of Commerce has the power to own House in order. As pointed out in dissenting views, ef veto this technology transfer. That is I commend the House Ethics Commit forts have surfaced to employ the reve exactly what he should do. tee in its unanimous decision to "proceed nue sharing concept as the vehicle for At this point I include the text of the immediately with a full investigation" of a variety of regulations and restrictions article .. Soviet Seeks Oil Equipment the charges against Congressman HAYs. on the independence of local governing Deal" from the Baltimore Sun: Public confidence in the integrity of Con units. The original concept of revenue SOVZET SEEKS OIL EQUIPMENT DEAL gress has been shaken and prompt action sharing was based on the reasonable be "Soviet oil specialists have approached is needed to begin restoring that confi lief that local governments, which are American companies -a.bout putting together dence. much closer to the citizens than the :Fed a deal for oil-refinery equipment potentially The actual guilt or innocence of the eral bureaucracy, could better decide worth $2 billion. parties involved is, of course, a matter to how to utilize tax revenues most wisely. "If the deal goes through, it will be the be decided by the House Ethics Commit There is no justification whatsoever for first sale since World War II of American the Federal strings which .are now at oil-refining technology. tee and the Federal grand jury after "Commerce Department officials, accord their thorough investigations now under tached to revenue sharing-strings ing to businessmen in Moscow, have warned way are completed. However, in the in which can only lead to greater Federal that part of the deal may be jeopardized by terest of preserving the integrity of the intervention in local affairs, and greater government guld~llnes on the sale of mate House o! Representatives, I feel it is our local dependence on the Federal bureauc rials a.tfecting the strategic capability of the responsibility as Members of the House racy. What is also unfortunate is that Soviet Union. The Soviet Union wants to many of the smaller communities will buy eight basic machinery units for improv to insist that Representative HAYs relin ing the quality of its oil. quish his authority -as chairman of the have to spend an amount almost equal to the revenue sharing funds they receive "In two weeks, Western sources here said, two committees. the Soviet Ministry of Oil Refining Will issue in order to comply with the new rules speclfl.cations and seek bids for the equip and regulations which means they will ment. It hopes to have the units in opera not have a net increase in revenue. tion by the end of the current five-year plan REVENUE-SHARING EXTENSION Mr. Speaker, I would urge my col 1n 1980. leagues to read H.R. 13367 and the ac "Most of the money in the deal would be companying committee report very care made by Europeans. Because the United fully before it is brought to the House States government does not subsidize financ Hon. G. V. (SONNY) ONTGOMERY ing for trade with the Soviet Union, the OF MISSISSIPPI floor for consideration. I feel sure they credits and construction are expected to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES will be just as alarmed as I am over the come from Western Europe. redtape and Federal strings that will be "The required technology, however, exists Thursday, June 3, 1976 attached to revenue sharing if the bill in only in the United States, according to a Mr. MONTGOMERY. Mr. Speaker, its present form is passed. I fully intend local representative of an American engi within the last few days, I have had the to support those amendments on the neering firm. As he outlined the deal, Amer opportunity to read rather thoroughly House floor which will remove these ican companies would supply blueprints to totally unnecessary and overly stringent the European manufacturers of the equip the legislation to extend the State and ment. Then the American firms would super Local Fiscal Assistance Act of 1972 and regulations on local governmental units vise Installation in existing Soviet refineries. the committee report accompanying this participating in the revenue sharing pro "Even this roundabout route would legislation. To say the least, I am quite gram. The bill in its present form 1s amount to selling American technology to disturbed with several of the amend nothing more than a wolf in sheep's the Soviet Union. The Commerce Depart ments added in committee to a bill that clothing that must be shorn of its un ment, acting from a set of policy guidelines, started out as a simple extension of reve necessary provisions if we are to pre blocks those sales that it bel1eves are nue sharing. vent the wool being pulled over the eyes harmful. of the American people. ...In the past, these guidelines have in Before going further, let me explain cluded anything to do with oil refining. that in 1972 I had very serious reserva "Negotiators for the Soviet deal have made tions about the entire concept of revenue preliminary inquiries to the Commerce De sharing because of the lack of Federal partment, the American representative in moneys to be shared. However, since COMMERCE SHOULD VETO OIL Moscow said, and been told that sale of at then I have seen evidence that the pro TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TO SO least one of the units might violate the gram is worthwhile and does provide a VIETS guidelines. means for local government to meet its "He said the sale still might go through 1f an American company licensed the proc obligations to its citizens without the ess to a European company, which would need to raise further revenues them HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK not be a.tfected by the guidelines, and the selves. Under the 1972 legislation, we are, OF OHIO European company then sold it to the Soviet in simple terms, returning to the tax IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Union... payers of America the taxes the!' have paid to be used by their local elected offi Thursday, June 3, 1976 cials for those projects to benefit the Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, a short PAUL FLACKS TO RECEIVE JUS most people and with the least amount time ago I discussed Soviet efforts to TICE LOUIS D. BRANDEIS DISTIN of Federal strings attached. gain American aid in developing their GUISHED SERVICE AWARD However, this noble concept has been natural gas resources. Now they appear completely reversed in H.R. 13367. to be attempting to obtain about $2 bil Rather than keeping the Federal Gov lion worth of oil refinery equipment. HON. CHARLES W. WHALEN, JR. ernment and its bureaucratic redtape On a number of occasions I have dis OF OHIO out of the picture, the Committee on cussed the Soviet need for American IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Government Operations, by rather nar technology. Much of the advanced energy row margins, has decreed that one Fed technology can only be obtained in the Thursday, June 3, 1976 eral string after another will be attached United States. Is this country now in the Mr. WHALEN. Mr. Speaker, I am very to the revenue-sharing funds. process of giving up its lead in energy pleased to learn that the 1976 recipient Mr. Speaker, I may be reading between technology to the Soviets? of the Justice Louis W. Brandeis Distin the lines too much, but I have the very So-called East-West trade has been guished Service Award will be Paul distinct impression that some members largely a one-way street. The Soviets Flacks, of Dayton, Ohio. This honor will of the committee are trying to kill the have gained needed technological ad be accorded Mr. Flacks on Sunday eve revenue sharing program through crip vances often at little cost to themselves. ning, June 6, 1976, at the Dayton Dis pling amendments since they know they From the world's largest truck plant on trict's American Zionist Fund Award cannot kill it outright through an up or the Kama River to a ball bearing ma Dinner. down vote on the House floor. It appears chine that has helped the Soviets in Mr. Flacks is currently the national 16606 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 3, 1976 director of public affairs for the ZOA. In prehensive plans for achieving effective To pass the Senate the bUl would have to this capacity, as in so many other under and positive desegregation. satisfy equivalent Senatorial needs. Add Legislation of this type is needed for $2,800,000 more for a grand total of $14,980,- takings, he has compiled an outstanding 00()-$15 million 1n round figures. record. several reasons. No branch of the Fed Then congressmen, being otherwise pleas Through the years Mr. Flacks and I eral Government has provided clear di antly diverted and having blunted their ag have met frequently on legislative mat rection or meaningful assistance to local gressive edge, would reject the $92 billion ters of mutual concern. While he states school officials to help them determine 'bomber bill. The result: at a cost of $15 mil his views with passion and force, his and implement the most effective, least lion taxpayers would save $91,985,000,000. positions invariably are buttressed by disruptive and most educationally sound Moral. Make love, not war. fact and logic. It is this dedication and means for achieving desegregation. We HOWARD H . JEWEL. articulateness which have made him have let the courts decide. The Con OAKLAND. such an effective spokesman for the gress has not given this issue a long Zionist cause. And, it is these quallties hard look. Now and then an effort is which have made him so deserving of the made to enact an amendment to the HAZARDOUS PRODUCTS AND THE honor which is being bestowed upon him Constitution or a knee-jerk attempt is CHALLENGE OF LAWYERS Sunday evening. made to tack an inappropriate rider on Mr. Speaker, I plan to join Mr. Flacks' to something like a major energy bill. many friends in paying tribute to him We, the Congress, have not done our HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN this weekend. He is without question an part either. Political posturing is achiev OF MASSACHUSETTS outstanding member of the Zionist Orga ing nothing except feeding emotional IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nization of America and one most de ism. serving of praise for his efforts. The harms and benefits of busing are Thursday, June 3, 1976 still very much in dispute. In fact, bus Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, I have the ing often is counterproductive in that it privilege today of inserting in the REc results in "resegregation." James Cole ORD an excellent and distinctive article by A COMPREHENSIVE AND LOCAL man notes that white parents often take Edward M. Swartz, Esq., of the Massa APPROACH TOWARD INSURING their children out of schools where bus chusetts Bar. Mr. Swartz is the author of EQUAL EDUCATIONAL OPPOR ing is mandated, thereby creating again, the book "Hazardous Products Litiga TUNITIES separate white and black schools. Also, I tion" and is a former chairman of the have heard that frequently when stu Continuing Legal Education Division of dents are bused, they are put into aca the Association of Trial Lawyers of Amer HON. HERBERT E. HARRIS II demic tracks. Such ability grouping, ica. His article, "The Hazardous Products OF VIRGINIA however valid and useful, often creates Plague," appears in the May 1976 issue IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES segregation within a particular school. of Trial magazine, the journal of the In this day and age, no one questions ATLA. Thursday, June 3, 1976 the need to provide quality and equal Mr. Swartz' article cites the astrono Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, today I educational opportunities. This is the mical incidence of product-related in am introducing a bill which I believe law of the land and I believe it is widely juries and the horrendous suffering these will be the beginning of a constructive, accepted. However, people are tired of injuries cause. Mr. Swartz asserts that comprehensive and local approach to the Bostons and the Louisvilles. No one lawyers must help to educate the public ward insuring equal educational oppor wants the strife and agony and dis and must work to influence the Consum tunities. This bill would establish a 15- ruptiveness that forced busing some er Product Safety Commission and the member commission to study alterna times causes. I am convinced that we National Bureau of Standards to act in tives to the forced busing of school can provide equal educational oppor the public interest, particularly when the children. It would not alter any current tunity to all in a humane and educa public interest differs from the interest law. Rather, what it "says.'' is that 1t is tionally sound way. This bill could lead of industry. time we sit down and take a thoughtful, the way and I urge my colleagues to Mr. Swartz' reasoning with respect to long-range look at a variety of methods join me in support. influencing the Consumer Product Safe for effectively integrating our public ty Commission is particularly timely now. schools. And it is time we use local peo Although the Commission has thus far ple to develop local solutions. A MORAL HERE failed to fulfill its promise to radically The Commission on Alternatives to increase the safety of products, the Sen Busing would be composed of individ HON. FORTNEY H. (PETE) STARK ate last week confirmed a candidate of very questionable fitness, S. John Bying uals who know educational problems OF CALIFORNIA first-hand: school administrators, teach ton, to become a member of the Com ers, parents of schoolage children, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mission for 2¥2 years. Due to President local elected officials and students. We Thursday, June 3, 1976 Ford's intention to appoint Byington have had our ivory-tower theorists for Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, a constitu chairman, the Senate in effect confirmed too long; it is time we asked those who ent of mine has expressed the penulti Byington to head the Commission. live and work with youngsters and it is mate last word: According to the Washignton Post of time we use their expertise. The bill May 27, after the Senate vote Byington A MORAL HERE directs the commission to prepare a pledged a "vigorous attack on the many study of alternatives to busing such as Editor-A federal employee by the name problems of consumer safety" and said, redrawing school zones, relocating build of Elizabeth Ray is the subject of current "I intend to demonstrate the Senate's ings, restructuring curricula, and pair attention. confidence is well-placed." ing and clustering. Additionally, the Whether this lady was originally employed If the Senate's confidence is indeed commission would be required to hold a for her secretarial skllls or for her more en justified, the severe problems cited in Mr. grossing talents is a matter under debate. national conference of parents, educa Undenied, however, is the fact that her con Swartz' article will be alleviately by end tors, local officials, students and others gressional services-whatever they may have of Mr. Byington's term. If the Senate's in order to compile opinions and recom been--commanded a salary of $14,000 a year. sanguinity is unfounded, however, it will mendations on achieving equal educa It is also undeniable that the Congress is be well for the private bar to pay special tional opportunity. This study would currently debating legislation which would heed to Mr. Swartz' call to action. then be transmitted to the Congress. It put into production a fleet of 144 B-1 bomb The article follows: would give the Congress a firm, knowl ers at a cost of $92 billion. edgeable basis for formulating legisla If the Congress in its wisdom decided to THE HAZARDOUS PRODUCTS PLAGUE tion that provides practical, sound solu provide each of its 435 members with the (By Edward M. Swartz) tions to this problem. The emphasis in same service Ms. Ray provided, the cost for The number, the variety, and the severity a year would be a paltry $6,090,000. Since of product-related injuries in the United this bill is at the local level-not direc that body is not known to be miserly when States today are simply astonishing. Deaths tives from Washington or the courts. it comes to its own perks, the bill would from product-associated incidents are 1n the The commission would be encouraged probably provide that the same service be tens of thousands and injuries are in the to study and suggest ways local school accorded not only in Washington, D.C., but millions. The dollar costs to our society of people could develop long-range, com- in the district as well. Add another $6,090,000. these tragedies are in the blllions. The suf- June 8, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16607
fering is enormous, often excruciating, fre '1'HB ENORMOUS ECONOMIC TOLL LAWYERS AS EDUCA"I.'ORS quently unrelievable. This hazardous prod This malming and killing by product in We have all been more or less effectively ucts plague pervades every home, every office, volves extraordinary human and economic conditioned by the folklore that "accidents every factory in our nation. It threatens costs as well. In addition to the 47 mUlion will happen" into the assumption, ordinarily every farm. It lurks in every schoolroom and deaths and injuries a year, the enormous unspoken and impllcit, that when something playground. It is ubiquitous, insidious, and and sometimes unrelievable su1fer1ng, the terrible happens to us, it is usually either pandemic. And it presents a direct and ur shattered families, and the broken bodies our own fault or just one of those things gent challenge to the trial lawyers of and spirits, there are medical expenses in that make life a risky business at best. The America. volved which run into the mlllions of dol assumption 1s false. In almost every instance The challenge is threefold, and I believe lars, with millions more required for physical of "accidental" injury, there is a discover that our response thus far has been excellent and psychological rehabilitation and therapy, able human error which can be identified, on one level, but insufficient on the other and for the support of widows and orphans, assessed, and, where appropriate, sued upon. two. This article explores the threefold chal and for the care of the disabled and depend But, it sometimes takes imagination to per lenge, and suggests some ways of responding ent victims themselves. The 1974 National ceive this. Most of the people who have been to its demands. Safety Council dollar estimates of the eco injm·ed in "accidents" never think of getting First, some facts and figures. The National nomic consequences to society of "accidents" a lawyer. They blame themselves, lick their Safety Council has estimated that more than are staggering: $13 billion in present and wounds, and try to "take it like a man." This 50,000 people die each year in non-automo future wage losses from death and perma unfortunate state of affairs leads me to tive "accidents." Of these, at least 30,000 a.re nent disability; $5.7 billion in medical and the second aspect of the threefold chal killed in directly product-related incidents. hospital fees and expenses; $7.4 billion in lenge which I think the hazardous products At least 20 million people are so severely in time lost because of accidents which do not plague presents to trial lawyers; the chal jured by products that they require treat permanently disable or kill. The total cost lenge of public education. ment in hospital emergency rooms, while 27 of these items comes to a round $33 billion! Public education with respect to product mlllion more are treated in doctors' offices or With this background in mind, you can safety has two complementary functions: at home for less disabling product-associated see why I have denominated the high and on the one hand, we should all try constantly injuries. And these incidents most often in costly incidence of product-related injuries to become more aware of sound safety prac volve the people who are least able to defend and deaths a. "plague," and have spoken of tices; and on the other hand, we should also themselves-children and the elderly. (The the "challenge" which it presents. I see this be aware that when we have been hurt, we startling truth is that the leading cause of challenge--as it relates to trial lawyers have a. right to seek redress. The first func death among American children through age as composed of three related elements. tion is carried on chiefly by those individuals 14 is "accidental death," and that these ac First, there is the challenge With which and organizations charged with direct re cidents klll more of our young ones each all of us are conversant: the challenge to sponsiblllty for safety education, although year than do cancer, pneumonia, 1n.fluenza, our skHls, as attorneys on behalf of the vic lawyers should participate in this. But the and congenital anomalies-the next leading tims of this plague, to gain for them, second function is one in which we trial causes of death among children--combined.) through the legal process, that ''full, fair lawyers especially should take an active part. PRODUCTS THAT CAN MAIM OR KILL and reasonable compensation" to which they There are many ways in which we can do The variety of products involved in these and their families are entitled as a matter this and do it more effectively than we have injuries and deaths 1s astonishing. In my of simple justice. The plaintiff's bar in haz done so far. One is by lecturing on safety own trial practice, over the past decade, we ardous products litigation does. on the whole, and on the rights of injured consumers to have been called to represent people killed an excellent (and compassionate) job in school and community groups. Another is by or injured by the following products, among representing individuals who have been writing on these topics for the popular press, others: drain cleaners, la.wnmowers, ladders, harmed by dangerous products. including newspapers. A third is by lectur ing to the bar itself and writing in legal floor wax, stools, color television sets, hair Il\!I:AGINATION AS A TOOL dryers, room vaporizers, refrigerators, electric periodicals, not only on the principles of Yet, if I were asked for one suggestion effective hazardous products litigation, but ovens, vacuum cleaners, cooking oil, hair which could further improve our performance curlers, charcoal lighter fluid, paint re also on the possibflities for effective litiga mover, children's blankets and sleepwear, in this area, I would say this; we lawyers tion in situations where most lawyers, like flammable clothing, glass doors, gas heating must constantly expand our range of vision most people, simply would not think a law and hot water systems, gas stoves, soft drink and imagination. This very general principle suit was feasible or likely to be successful. cartons and bottles, automobile steering translates into quite specific details In the There has been some heartening progress mechanisms, and tire-changing and tire .handling of products liability cases. For in made of late in this last area, but much more mounting equipment. stance, in most hazardous products litiga needs to be done. And even when it is done Also, slingshots, model cars, toy tops, air tion which is brought under a theory of more thoroughly, it will not suffice as a. de rifles, darts, model planes, swings, slides, negligence, the negligence which 1s pleaded fense against hazardous products. swimming pools, snowmobiles, dune buggies, often reduces to the proposition that the PUSHING THE GOVERNMENT bicycles, boats, tents, sunglasses, parachutes product was defectively manufactured or This suggests a third dimension to the and parachute harnesses, rtfle cartridges, had a hidden hazard or didn't wo1·k the way challenge which the hazardous products go lie masks, golf carts, football helmets, it was supposed to. plague presents. It is much more difficult. It soap, laundry detergents, spray paint, pea But, there are much broader concepts of is the challenge of using our professional nut batter, canned foods, antibiotics, tra.n negligence which are often equally appro skills and our personal qualities of persist qu111zing drUgs. contraceptive foam, IUD's, riate, and negligence in the labeling (failure ence, persuasiveness, and logic to bring a and massage belts. to warn adequately, failure to instruct ade truly e:ffective governmental presence into Also, slipcovers, safety matches, carpets, quately), in the design of the containers the field of product safety. I am pessimistic automoblle seat belts, balloons, ski boots and (unstable bottles for caustic cleaners), in about this because of my own experience, bindings, spray deodorants, liniments, bat the advertising ("safe"), and so on, is also particularly in the field of toy safety. tery booster cables, charcoal briquets, trac a fertile ground for liability. There are four sets of players involved in tors, snowblowers, catheters, altimeters, This is especially true when there are the struggle to get the government genuinely building nails, laboratory safety equipment, several defendants in the case, one whose and significantly working Ior product safety conveyor belts, bulldozers, gas masks, fire negligence is primary and obvious, others in an effort to 1·educe the deaths and to extinguishers, and kites. whose activities did in fact contribute to the mitigate the severity of the injuries which And Just as the variety of products is al these hazardous products so often cause: most infinite, so are the injuries sustained ultimate injury but whose contributions seem, at first glance, relatively secondary. the government itself; the public, especially quite often fearfully terrible. I have repre as the public are consumers of the products This can become critical when, for one rea sented children who have had their flesh siz which kill and injure them; the manufactur zled to the bone or chemically melted into son or another, the primary defendant is ing and distributing and retailing companies soap by contact with burning synthetic fibers unavoidable. (We had a case, for instance. (and their marketing and advertising staffs); or splashing household cleaners made of in which a young mother was horribly burned and, the independent professionals-doctors, caustic lye. A young father lived only long from neck to knees when her flammable teachers, engineers, and lawyers. enough to tell his wife and children how nightgown caught fire as she leaned into But, the government only moves when it much he wanted not to die, before the ex the "family oven. Her second chlld, which she is pushed, and the public is so amorphous quisitely painful burns he suffered when the had been carrying for eight months, was and so dispersed that its push is felt only family's hot water heater exploded claimed stillboxn a few days later. The nightgown gently, if at all, by government. The manu him forever. A young girl of great promise had been completely consumed by the fire. facturers and their collaborators, however, was decapitated when "safety" equipment in She had no recollection of where or from are pushing. and pushing forcefully and the research laboratory in which she was whom she had bought it, and no memory of cleverly. They know where the pressure working blew up and tired large shards of the maker's label in -the gown itself. We points are, 1'nd they have their hands firmly glass acrDss the room. The catalogue of these sued the stove manufacturer for negligence on them. As for the independent profession depressing and unnecessary tragedies is ln the design of the oven and recovered a als, we lawyers, like the doctors, the teacheTs nearly endless. quite substantial sum !or the young mother.) and the engineers, have been so far largely 16608 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 3, 1976 ineffective in the battle to get the govern is at least technically plausible and he can car prices. It seemed to me that inflation ment working on the side of the public and argue its merits from a background which is in materials, labor, and overhead was not on the side of the manufacturers. The technically adequate. primarily responsible for the ever reasons for this are complicated and beyond TAKING Dm.ECT SAFETY ACTION the scope of this brief essay. But, what we can higher cost of cars. Fourt~ly, we should be alert to the pos To gain some perspective on this con do now is, though difficult to execute, not so sibilities which arise in our own watch over hard to sketch in principle. hazardous products. When an injured client troversy, I asked the Congressional Re First, we each should individually develop comes to us in search of some monetary sub search Service to undertake a study of a personal expertiSe in the field of govern stitution for his lost eye or his dead child, the historical impact of automobile emis mental regulation of product safety. ThiS we should not only give him as strong force sions standards on the inflation in auto means acquiring a detailed familiarity with ful representation as possible, but we should mobile Pt:ices with a view toward quanti the specific provisions of the various state also see whether it 1s possible to take action fying how much. of the increased costs and federal acts, such as the Hazarqous Sub directly and immediately against the prod st ances Act, the Flammable Fabrics Act, and in car prices in recent years was due to uct itself. We could, 1n appropriate in the Clean Air Act's requirements, and so on, as well as with the all-important reg stances, petition the CPSC to ban the prod ulations issued under these acts. It also uct as an imminent hazard forthwith or to how much to other factors. I also asked means developing a working knowledge of set emergency standards for the product at CRS to project the degree of automobile the structure and the operations of such issue. worker unemployment which might re entities as the Consumer Product Safety We can organize safety information com sult if we proceeded to meet the statutory Commission and the National Bureau of mittees which disseminate information standards in 1980 or 1981. Standards. about product injuries to local merchants The CRS study, "The Economics of LOBBYING THE CPSC and consumer groups. We can use the Free Auto Emission Controls: An Historical The CPSC has statutory authority to issue dom of Information Act to get information Overview" throws grave doubt on the mandatory product standards and to have about product hazards and complaints out products which do not meet these standards of the files of the CPSC and out to the pub validity of the arguments being made removed from the market. The NBS pro lic. And we can do as many other things in on behalf of an extended freeze of the mulgates "recommended" standards which, this area as our imaginations can suggest. current emissions standards. In brief, the although voluntary, establish an effective Let me note, not so incidentally, that all of study's major conclusions were as fol level of safety compliance. Since these stand these activities will inevitably make us bet lows: ards are critically important, it is also crit ter products liability lawyers for our clients, First. Although automobile emission ically important that there be substantial better able to handle their individual cases. control requirements have increased consumer-oriented input into their formula Imaginatively developing new theories of tion. But so far there has been relatively liability for product injuries, more fully automobile prices noticeably, these in little consumer-oriented input and a great educating the public to its rights to redress creases are relatively small in compari deal of manufacturer-oriented input. More for product injuries, and informing the bar son to the costs of other options. over, the CPSC has opted for a philosophy ot of the less obvious possibilities for hazard Second. The data and aggregate de product safety regulation which puts the ous productS litigation-all these contribute mand studies suggest that emission con stress on long-range standards development to a more favorable climate for these cases trol-rel£-ted cost increases are by no and leaves it off short-range imminent-haz generally. Fam111arity with governmental means the most significant factor atfect ard enforcement. regulation of products (and product adver ing auto sales and employment. This means that the agency's budgetary tising) may equip us with additional bases and personnel resources will be less available for liab111ty (failure to meet a standard Third. .A].though the auto industry for the investigation and reca.ll of dangerous false advertising, deceptive warranty, etc.): contends that safety standards and pol products out in the field and more available Cooperation with other disciplines in work lution controls are major reasons for de for the quiet, barely-noticed work of develop ing for product safety will give us a broader creasing fuel economy, a study of the ing standards back in the otfice. But this understanding of the products themselves evidence does not lead to the conclusion "barely-noticed work back in the office" is and of their · hazards as a foundation for that they are the primary cause of the noticed thoroughly by the industry lobbies, suit, and a fuller notion of where and how whose very skillful agents are in frequent and to find experts for our own cases, as well a.s a increases in automobile weight--the most effective contact with the people developing certain basic fam111arity with the technical significant variable atfecting fuel econ- the standards which wlll set the level of language and fundamentals of several dif omy. _ product safety for probably years to come. ferent sciences. We may then be better able Fourth. Nor are they primarily respon Thus, the public is less protected in the short to perceive unusual but valid causes of ac sible for the increases in car prices. Most run and not very influential in the long run tion and to penetrate technically inadequate of the price rises can be attributed to either. defenses for our clients. · the purchase of numerous accessory Therefore, secondly we should organize our The hazardous products plague 1s abomi luxury, or power options. ' selves as a profession so as to have a salutary nable, and the cha.llenge it offers 1s demand ing. I have no doubt, however, that the trial Fifth. Even at the statutory standards and measurable impact on the process ot with the price increases that might standards development, as wen as on the lawyers of this nation can respond to that re~ decisions, such as the decision to accentuate challenge and make great strides in the ef suit, industry analysts predict only a 1 fort to eradicate the pl~e. long-range work and de-emphasize enforce percent reduction in new car sales. Meet ment. Most of us who are trial lawyers have ing the ~fornia standards in 1978 a disinclination to get involved in tedious would appear to have little potential for and arid arm-wrestling with bureaucracies. atfecting production or employment. But, if we are going to get the government THE WAXMAN-MAGumE AMEND The Waxman-Maguire amendment, in going in the right direction, we are going to MENT AND THE CLEAN AIR ACT-ill other words, would not adversely atfect have to do some of this and do it soon. the growth or· profitability of the auto Thirdly, because of the specialized nature manufa-cturers, or the job security of the of our skills as trial lawyers and because of HON. HENRY A. WAXMAN automobile labor force. The CRS study the nature of the skills of the legal profes OF CALIFORNIA sion as a whole, this organizational work leads one to conclude that pollution con must include a vigorous effort to establiSh IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES trols are being singled out as the fall some inter-disciplinary bodies which, far Thursday, June 3, 1976 guy for a whole host of other economic more than any or all of their separate constit ills which have plagued the industry. uent parts, can really contribute intelligent Mr. WAXMAN. Mr. Speaker, propo Following, for the benefit of my col ly to product safety. A lawyer, for instance, nents of the Dingell and Brodhead leagues, are excerpts from the CRS can tell you whether a. bill, a.s drafted, or a amendments on automobile emissions study: regulation, as proposed, will get done what its have claimed that going forward with proponent intends should be done. But, he THE ECONOMICS OF AUTO EMISSION CONTROLS : meeting the full statutory standards AN HISTORICAL OVERVIEW is rarely qualified to assess the technical en would cause enormous increases in the gineering specifications which may be found price of new cars-to the detriment of (By Joseph P. Biniek; Specialist, Environ in a complicated product safety regulation. n;tent and Natural Resources Policy Divi the co::tsumer and the recovery currently swn, May 1~, 1976) The well-financed corporate Io}?byist, how in ever, draws on not only the legal,. but also underway Detroit. · SUMMARY the technical and the public relations special I have long believed, however that the The report £epresents a partial study of ists in his company or his company's trade a~to industry has ~nf~irly and {mjusti:fi the impact of implementing the Olean Air association ~ And, when he arrives at the ably singled out envi;r<;>~mental and safe Act Amendments. It is partial in that it does agency with a proposa.I or .an ameri.dment, it ty standards as the main cause of rising not attempt tQ equate. benefits with costs. June 3, 1976 16609 The da.ta in this report suggest tha.t emis The average year-to-year price changes on A question that cannot be answered by sion control requirements do increase auto· U.S. cars (Table 2) have 1luctua.ted over the secondary data is, how many of the options mobile prices noticeably; however, these in past two decades from decreases of $17 in purchased are fostered by industry's prede creases are relatively small in comparison to 1962 to increases of $449 tn 1975. Translated termined inventories? In other words, how t he costs of other options. Studies by the in percent change from previous year prices many people buy cars as they want them, Nat ional Academy of Sciences (NAS) show the range is--0.57 to 10.19 percent. The Auto versus how many buy "over equipped" cars t hat current levels of control of 1.5 g / mi., motive News reports: in order to avoid "special order" delays? 15 g/ mi., 3.1 g/ mi. for HC, CO, and NOx, re EMISSION CONTROLS spect ively have increased "sticker prices" by FIGURE 1 No secondary data are available to est ab $78 to $123 for a six cylinder car. Indust ry AVERA GE ANN UAL WHOLESALE PRICE 1973- FEBRUARY lish an historical industry construction cost test imony suggests that additional costs of 1975 (1967 = 100 PERCENT) baseline. Nevertheless, a. study by the Cali $23 to $50 are required to move to a 0.9 g/mi., fornia Institute of Technology provides some 9.0 g/ mi., 2.0 g/ mi. level for HC, CO and ANNUAL AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES, 1975 insight into the costs of various components, NOx, respectively. Further reductions to 0.4 and the ma:r.k up to arrive at sticker prices. g/ mi., 3.4 g/mi., 0.4 g/mi .. HC, CO and NOx, fin percenti respectively, according to NAS, could result According to this study, emission controls account for $86 of the total cost of $1,321 in sticker price increases of $273 to $377. February Increases or decreases in lifetime costs 1967 1973 1975 for a subcompact 1972 car (Table 7). are considered by many to be a more mean ·Estimates of component costs of pollution control equipment are presented in Table 8. ingful basis for comparison. Such compari Passenger cars ______100 115.4 130.9 100 123.0 148.8 Since the costs are represented in 1972 dollars sons include sticker prices, fuel and main TrucksIron and ••• steeL ---- ______------._____ tenance. The NAS study suggests that a di 100 136.2 200.5 they do not represent current costs, never Nonferrous metals ______100 135. 0 176.1 theless, they do provide a basis for compari rect-fuel-injection, strati.fled charge engine Rubber and plastic products. _ 100 112.4 150. 0 could achieve 0.4 g/mi., 3.4 g/ mi., 0.4 g/mi., Chem ical and allied products. 100 110.0 178.1 son of emission control costs with other op HC, CO, NOx levels with savings in fuel and unthetic textile products ____ 100 121.8 129.3 tions. For example, the $86 emission control etalworking machinery ____ _ 100 125. 2 167.1 costs multiplied by 1.6 gives a sticker price maintenance. With this option, the overall Fuels and power______100 134. 3 232. 3 impact of emission control could decrease of $137 for emission control, to which $22 discounted lifetime costs by $40 to $418 from Average hourly earn- for "tool up" costs must be added to bring current levels. ings (SIC 371) the total cost to $159. motor vehicle man- A more complete analysis of emission con Sticker prices of cars have increased sig 100 153. 5 173. 0 ni.flcantly from 1966 to 1976. For example, ufacturing_ ------trol hardware has been prepared by the Na a Ca.dillac de Vllle has increased about $3,000; tional Academy of Sciences.T They estimate a Buick Le Sabre about $2,100; Dodge Dart It should not be inferred that high prices that "sticker prices" for emission controls $1,100; Volkswa-gen Beetle $1,900; Chevy Nova were the only reason for the horrendous sales could reach $392 for meeting statutory re $1,100, and so on. figures in the early months of the 1975 model quirements in 1976. Table 9 presents in In addition to base sticker price, power, year, but prices were unquestionably a major creases by model years as well as cumulative luxury-comfort and other options add sig f.actor.5 price increases due to pollution control. nificantly to final purchase prices. Addition The base or sticker price presented in Table Table 10 presents a chronology of emission of an automatic transmission, power brakes, 1 provides only a partial basis for trend com controls beginning with the PCV addition in power steering, radio and air conditioning parisons. The actual purchase price is deter 1966. The table reflects the interim standards adds $900 to $1,000 to the base price. Vinyl mined by the numerous accessary, luxury, or and assumes complete compliance with the tops and other options contribute additional power options otfered to or desired by the statutory standard by 1976. Since the chro upward price pressure. purchaser. nology does not reflect suspension and cur· The price elasticity for the demand for cars, POWER, LUXURY, AND ACCESSARY OPTIONS rent proposals under debate on emission according to Thomas Dyckman, is --0.6. This controls, it might be useful to review them. suggests that a. 1 percent decrease in car Suggested retail prices provide only the base figure for determining the price of a. "Background.-The Clean Air Act Amend prices could be expected to increase demand ments of 1970 (Public Law 91-604) required by 0.6 percent. Disposable income elasticity car. Data. in the Automotive News indicate that options and a.ccessaries a.dd slgn1flcantly manufacturers of new cars to clean up ex appears to be about 4.0. haust emissions by 90 percent from the al Changes in price, income and inventories to the final purchase price of new cars. are not the entire story. Major changes in Options purchased by the average buyer in lowable levels in etfect for the 1970 model crease the purchase price by $800 according year. For two pollutants-hydrocarbons (HC) tastes, attitudes, credit terms and other fac 6 tors, according to Dyckman, can be very 1m· to the Los Angeles Times. Radios, bucket and carbon monoxide (CO)-this clean up portant determinants of sales volume. Never seats, vinyl tops, adjustable steering column was to be achieved by model year 1975. For theless the data. and aggregate-demand and speed regulating devices are among the the third pollutant-oxides of nitrogen studies suggest that emission control cost in luxury-comfort options. About 85 percent of (NOx)-this was to be achieved by model creases are by no means the most significant the cars were equipped with radios in 1967, year 1976. factor affecting auto sales and employment. about 92 percent in 1973 and 87 percent in 1975. Vinyl tops were purchased on 22 per SUMMARY OF THE AUTO EMISSION STANDARDS . AUTOMOBILE SIZE AND PIUCE cent of the cars in 1967; this increased to 49 A common argument of the auto industry percent in 1973 and then decreased to 47 lin grams per mile) is that regulations for safety and pollution percent in 1974 and 1975. The growth of are major reasons for decreasing fuel econ other luxury-comfort options from 1967-1975 HC co NO.c omy. Furthermore, the industry contends are presented in Table 3. that the required components are responsible In addition to the luxw·y-comfort options, Uncontrolled cars (Pre-1968)_ 8. 7 87. 0 3. 5 for weight increases, directly or indirectly power equipment are popular options on 1974: t Federal standards _____ 3.0 28. 0 3. 1 during the period 1971 to 1974.4. The data. in U.s. automobiles. 1975 :: Table 1, Comparison of Selected Automobiles, They include power brakes, air condition Federai49- State stand- ards ______---- __ • 1.5 15.0 3.1 does show substantial increases in weight and ing, power assiste~ seat adjustments, power California______.9 9. 0 2.0 price during the period 1966-1976. However, steering and power assisted side and tailgate 1976: 3 there is no consistent pattern to the increases windows. As indicated in Table 4 power Federal 49-Standards • • 1. 5 15.0 3.1 • in prices or auto' weights prior to or after 1971 brakes, ai! conditioning and power steering California ______.9 9.0 ' 2.0 1977 :4 Federal 50--State that would allow one to conclude that safety are most popular and were included in 77, standards _____ ----______1. 5 15.0 2. 0 or pollution control equipment were the pri 72, and 90 percent of the cars respectively in 1978: Statutory standards ___ • 41 3. 4 .4 mary cause of the increases in prices or 1975. Administration bill: weight. Nonetheless, the data indicate th.a.t Power train options also inftuence the final 1977-81- 50 State stand- ards ______--_ . 9 9. 0 3. 1 nearly all cars increased their weight steadily price of an automobile. Of the 1975 cars, 92 Post 1981- 50 State during the deoa.de. Price increases, however, percent had automatic transmission, 72 per standards ______(G) (5) (6) have been more drastic. Figure 1 illustrates cent had VB engines and 93 percent had disk EPA proposal : the change of auto prices in terms of the brakes (Table 5). The purchase price of op 1977- 79 __ ------1.5 15. 0 2.0 wholesale price index. This figure provides tions, whether included as standard equip 1980-BL ------.9 9.0 2.o the rea.der with a graphic comparison of auto ment or as "selected options," can account mobile prices with other commodities. Com for signi.flcant increases in the consumers t Imposed administratively by EPA. investment in a new car. For example, the 2 Imposed by EPA as interim standards after suspension of pared with the 1967 index of 100, the passen statutory standards, except for Cal ifornia's HC and NOK stand ger car wholesale price index rose to 130.9 by purchase of a.n automatic transmission, ards which were set by the State. February 1975. Fuels, iron and steel, and power steering, power brakes, radio and air a Imposed by Congress in Public law 93-319, except for other commodities rose to signi.flcantly higher conditioning on a. Chevy Nova. would raise California's NOK standard, which was set by the State. levels during the same period. the price by about $1,000 (Table 6) in 1976 • Imposed by EPA as interim standards after suspension of models. The same options in 1966 could be ~~;~~o~~ ~~~~~:~s(P~~~rJ'ta~r9 f-~i 9~~andard which w;~s im- Footnotes at end of article. acquired for about $660. ' Administrative discretion. CXXII--1047-Part 13 16610 E~TENSIONS OF~ JurjJe 3, _1976
"In the same Act, Congress authorized the resulting price increase was described by 11 Federal Register, Ibid., p. 11915. Environmental Protection Agency . (EPA) to Chrysler as 'nominal, an additional $10', Tr. a Dyckman, , ~~ ~. An Aggregate-De grant a one-year delay of these standards. 4:9 and by General Motors as ~0 to $25. Tr. mand Model for. Automoblles. The .Journal EPA later did grant a delay. Thus, the 1975 313." lO oj Business . .V:o~.)tX~v ·m. July 1965. requirements for HC and CO were pushed ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CONTB.OLS back to 1976, and the 1976 requirement for NOx was pushed back to 1977. The suspension document also continued a terse appraisal of the economic Impact of "When EPA granted this one-year delay, it imposing more stringent standards. The Ad- set interim standards for 1975, as was re ministrator stated: · SAUDI ARABIAN OFFER TO AID quired by law. One set of standards was set "Both prices increases and reductions 1n SOMALIA for the 49 States. A more stringent set was in fuel economy that might resUlt from tighter effect for California in 1975. Neither was as emission standards could in theory be ex st ringent as the full 90 percent reduction pected to a:tfect new car sales adversely. How HON. LEE H. HAMILTON requirements. ever, a study by my staff indicates that even OF INDIANA "In June 1974, Congress amel\ded the Clean at statutory levels the Impact on sales would Air Act, by adopting the Energy Supply and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES be on the order of a 1 percent reduction.'' 11 Environmental Ooordination Act (Public Law Other studies appear to confirm the Ad Thursday, June 3, 1976 93-319). That Act further delayed the new mlnlstrator's assessment. Professor Thomas car emission standards. The 1975 interim Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, in early R. Dyckman concludes that the disposable May, James Akins, former U.S. Ambas standards prescribed by EPA were carried income elasticity appears to be about +4.0, over through model year 1976. In add1t1on, sador to Saudi Arabia, testified before Congress authorized EPA to grant one more while price seems to be inelastic at about -0.6. Changes in income, prices f!.D.d car Congress that the United States did not year's delay of the He and co standards s~cks, he states. is not the whole story. pursue a 1975 Saudi Arabian offer to through model year 1977. Finally, Congress The state of the economy, major changes in tlnance military and economic aid pro postponed the full 90 percent NO. reduction tastes, attitudes. credit terms and other fac grams to Somalia as a possible means of requirement until model year 1978. "The March 5, 1975, dec1s1on of EPA has tors can be lmportant.u His conclusion 1s eliminating Soviet presence in Somalia. based on numerous studies which are sum I wrote the State Department asking suspended the statutory HC and CO stand marized below: ards for that year equal to the 1975 49-State for its reply to this assertion. The De standards. The 1977 interim standards also PRICE AND INCOME ELASTICITIES OF VARIOUS partment replied that it studied the apply to Callfornla. Although EPA found that STATISTICAL DEMAND STUDIES• Saudi Arabian offer but felt that on catalytic converter technology was available balance "we could not propose to under to permit the statutory HC and CO standards take a major arms relationship with to be met without undue fuel penalty or cost Elasticity Somalia." increases, due to emtsslon of sulfurlc actd Study Price Income mists. Until the extent of the riSk could I enclose for the interest of my col be accurately determined, the Agency con leagues my letter of May 10 to the State cluded that it would be unwise to force appli Department. the Department's reply of I. Suits (431------0.6 +4.2 cation of this new technology on a nation 2. Suits (441'------.7 a+L7 May 21, and the Washington Post article wide basis." 8 3. Equation (4)•------.7 •-L7 of May 5 reporting on Ambassador When the AdmJn.istrator suspended the 4. Subcommittee on ADtitrust IDcl Monopoly (52(:• Akins' testimony: 1977 standard, he commented on the cost of MAY 10, 1976. Study No. fii------ -.6 +4.4 achieving a standard of 0.9, 9.0, and 2.0 for Study No. '------ -.7 +4.1 Hon. HENRY A. KISSINGER, HC, co, and NO.. respectively. He stated: Study No. "------L2 +3.9 Secretary of State, "There was somewhat more variation 1n 5. Equation (5)'------.8 +4.0 Washington, D.C. estimates of auto price incree.ses that might 6. Nerlove [341------.9 +2.8 DBAll MJl. SECRETARY: I read with concern 7. Chow (91------L2 +3..6 accompany attainment of the statutory emis 8. Atkinson -L4 +2.5 reports in the newspaper that the Depart 121------ment of State did not pursue a 1975 Saudi sion standards than was the case for fuel 9.. Roos and von Szeflski [411----- •+L5-2.5 economy. Still, the esti.ma.tes were an in the -Ls} •+2.5-3.8 Arabian offer to finance military and eco same basic area with the auto companies nomic aid programs to Somalia as a. possible once again tending to the pesstmlstlc side. • These studies are based apotl Suits' model. means of ellminating the Russian presence "General Motors estimated that a sticker • The standard errors of the elasticity estimates In the present there and that the Department of State dis price increase of $130-$150 over present sys study may be compared to those of Suits' 1960 study. Tbey couraged a Congressional Visit to Saudia are: for study items 0.3, and 0.2, respectively for study items tems would result ff a "warm-up• converter 2. Arabia on a trip to Somalia to learn about 3, O.land 0.2; and for study items 5, 0.1, and 0.2. the Soviet presence there. were used and $35-$50 (with possible upward • Supernumerary income. adjustment for catalyst change) 1f it were • Disposable income estimate: given by Suits [43L p. 278, I would like to know the particulars of this Saud! otrer, when it was made, why it not. These figures were in 1975 dollars. GM Source: Dyckman, Thomas R., ..An Aggregate-demand was not pursued, why the Congressional App. 1-b-2, 4-b-4. Model for Automobiles; .. The Journal of Business, vol XXXVIII, delegation was discouraged from visiting "Ford's estimate is likewise about $150, July 1965, p. 261. Saud! Arabia and why it is not 1n our i.n mostly for increased size and precious meOO.l In light of these studies, the price increases loading of the catalytic converter, though terest to work with all states to d1m1n1sh of $23 to $50 to move from 1.5 15, 8.1 g./mt., Soviet influence in the Horn of Africa. this was inflated by factoring ln an inflation to .9, 9.0 and 2.0 g/mi. respectively for HC, I would appreciate an early reply to this adjustment for 1977 which was estimated at co, and NO,. appear to have little potent1al letter and would also like to see any re 15 percent. F. App. I-C-2; Appendix 6 p. '1; for affecting production or employment. buttal to the statement former Ambassador Tr. 831-32. FOOTNOTES James Akins made that the Department "Chrysler was significantly higher at $260, issued. C. App. IV-H-8, a figure adjusted to account •Ibid. 11 Automotive News. 1976 Market Data Book With best regards. for the e:trect of an estimated 20 percent total Sincerely yours, inflation by 1977, Tr. 152. Issue. April 28, 1976, p. 64. I..BE" H. HAMILTON, "These figures are at the high end of the • "Most GM Prices Top $4,000.'' Los Angeles Times. August 28, 1974. Part m, p. 11. Chairman, Special Subcommittee on range estimated by my technical sta:tf, see Investigations. Status Rept. p. 4-4, and significantly more ., U.S. Congress. Senate. Decision of the Ad than the estimate of the National Academy ministrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Regarding Suspension of the 1975 DEPARTMENT OF STATE, of Sciences, NAS Rept. p. 89. The National Washington, D.C., May 21, 1976. Academy, however, did not attempt to ac Auto Emission Standards. Hearings before the Subcommittee on Air and Water Pollu Hon. LEE H. HAMXLTON, count for the use of 'start catalyst.' 11 tion of the Committee on Public Works. 93rd Chairman, Special Subcommittee on Investi "There is even more agreement as to Congress 1st Session. April 1973. gations, Committee on International the impact of emission standards set at the 8 U.S. Congress. House. Committee on In Relations, House of Representatives. current California levels. GM estim.ates that terstate and Foreign Commerce (Sta1f report) DEAR MR. CHAlRMAN: The Secretary has sticker orice increase at a.bout $23 over that Clean Air Act Amendments-1975. Commit asked me to respond to your letter of May 10 of the ·current national system, GM App. tee Print No. 5 94th Congress 1st Session concerning newspaper reports that the De I-C-2. That increase was set by Ford at $50 March 1975. partment of State did not pursue a 1975 (presumably once again with an adjustm.ent • National Academy of Sciences. Report by Saudi Arabian o:trer to finance mllltary and for inflation), F. App. I-c-2, by the NAS at the Committee on Motor Vehicle Emissions. economic aid programs to Somalia as a possi about $40, see NAS ~pt. p. 89, and by my own November 1974. pp. 88-95. ble means of ellm1nating the Russian pres technical sta1f at about $40, Status Rept. p. u Application for Suspension of 19'17 Motor ence there and that the Department of State 4-4. Chrysler did not provide an estimate. Vehicle Em1sslon Standards Decision of the discouraged a · Congressional vlsit to · Saudi "As for the suggestion that the standards Admlntstrator. Federal Register. Vol. 40, No. Arabia on a trip to Somalia to learn: about be· set at .9 g/mi. CO, and 3.1 g/ml. NOx, the 51. March 14, 1975, p. 11915. the Soviet pre~~nce there. 1 1 I June 3, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS· 16611 A suggestion by Saudi Arabia in May 1975 was stimulated by U.S. officials who made wnLIAM DWIGHT; SR. regarding possible collaboration in assisting available to the saudis photographs of So Somalia received careful consideration in the viet naval fac1lities ln Somalia. The Saudis, Department. Insofar as military assistance said Akins, "became very frightened." was involved, any U.S. decision to ship large The terms of the Saudi proposal which he HON. SILVIO 0. CONTE quantities of arms to Somalia would have reported to Washington, Akins said, was that OF MASSACHUSETTS entailed serious complications in our rela the Saudis would provide some $15 milllon IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tions With friendly states in Africa bordering in economic support and for the supply of on Somalia, some of which were the object U.S. m111tary aid to Somalia. Thursday, June 3, 1976 of Somali territorial claims. It would have Akins said he had no idea whether the Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, I rise to gotten us deeply involved, for the first time, proposal was acceptable to the Somalis be cause it was stopped dead in Washington. mark the retirement of one of the giant in arming both sides in a confllct in Africa, figures of New England journalism. At and would also have presented difficult finan After Akins' testimony, Symington con cial problems. For these principal reasons fronted Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld the beginning of this year, William we concluded that we could not propose to and Navy Secretary William Middendorf Dwight, Sr., ended his long and fruitful undertake a major arms relationship with about the allegations, Reuters reported. reign as publisher and editorial con Somalia, despite our continuing deep con [Both denied knowledge of the reported science of the Holyoke Mass., Trans- Saudi offer. A State Department spokesman script-Telegram. ' cern over the growing Soviet presence there. declined to comment on the testimony.] We did, however, decide to offer to restore Akins, a 22-year career Foreign Service vet Bill Dwight's contributions to journal a modest economic aid program in Somalia, eran and specialist in Arab affairs, was dis ism and to his community have been and informed Saudi Arabia-as well as So enormous. These were best summarized malia-of that decision in september 1975. missed as ambassador to Saudi Arabia last year in the wake of his differences with sec in a special 1965 award to him during As for the proposed visit by a Congressional retary of State Henry A. Kissinger over deal 50th anniversary ceremonies at the Co delegation to Saudi Arabia in connection ings with the Saudi government and on oil with its trip to Somalia in July 1975, an ex lumbia University Graduate School of policy questions. He is no longer in the For Journalism. His citation read: tensive search of Department records shows eign Service. that the Department of State did not stand In another revelation, Akins acknowledged You are that ideal, a publisher with real in the way of such a trip. It is possible that a in reply to a question that the State Depart editorial backgrouna and one who has made misunderstanding may have grown out of ment denied him permission to go to London extraordinary contributions to journalism prellminary conversations among officials ar in late 1974 in an effort to persuade Prince over the years. Columbia's Graduate School ranging the logistics of the trip and that a Fahd to agree to a large auction of Saudi of Journalism honors itself by honoring you conclusion was drawn that the Department oil-a move that would have moderated the today with this 50th Anniversary Medallion. did not favor it. In fact, the Department steep climb in Persian Gulf oil prices. actually sought to arrange such a visit to The Holyoke Transcript-Telegram, Top Saudi government officials, Akins said, one of New England's foremost dally Saudi Arabia. In the end the visit did not had asked him to intercede with Fahd who take place because of factors beyond the was under pressure by other oil-producing newspapers, was founded in 1883 by Bill Department's control. countries to call off the auction. Dwight's father, William G. Dwight. For Sincerely yours, Akins testified under oath that his trip more than 50 years, since he was a high ROBERT J. MCCLOSKEY, to see Fahd was vetoed by superiors in Wash school student, Bill Dwight has worked Assistant Secretary for ington on grounds that the State Depart for this newspaper, where he steadily ex Congressional Relations. ment lacked travel funds for the Jidda-to panded its coverage and prestige. London journey and that his presence in (From the Washington Post, May 5, 1976] Bill Dwight has always had a real re London would be "too conspicuous." porter's sense of what will interest his SAUDI OFFER OF Am REPORTED On another matter, Akins said he was not readers, and whether it was an anniver (By Laurence Stern) aware of the use of Saudi Arabian arms agent Adhan Khashoggi as an intermediary sary party or the annual Holyoke St. Former U.S. Ambassador to Saudi Arabia Patrick's Day parade, the Holyoke Trans James Akins told a Senate subcommittee in contacts between President Nixon and yesterday that the State Department turned King Falsal during and after the 1973 Middle script has covered it in its columns. a deaf ear last year to a saudi government East war, as reported yesterday in The Wash Following graduation from Princeton offer to finance military and economic aid ington Post. University, 1925, and the Columbia programs to Somalia as a means of eliminat Questioned about The Post article, Akins Graduate School of Journalism, 1926, ing the Russian presence there. said: "I was not aware of any such com Bill Dwight joined the staff of the Akins said he was informed by a State munications and I don't believe they took Transcript-Telegram on a full-time Department colleague that the reason he place." If they had, he told the subcommit tee, it would have been "highly irregular and basis. In 1930, following the death of his receive~ no answer from Washington to the saudi offer was that the Defense Department improper." father, Bill Dwight became the paper's was pressing its case for development of a However, he said that the Saudi defense managing editor. In 1957, he became major U.S. naval base in the Indian Ocean minister, Prince Sultan. had confided to him publisher. on Diego Garcia island. that Khashoggi had boasted in Riyadh "that Born into a newspaper heritage, Bill A powerful Pentagon argument to Con he got me removed (as ambassador) ln re Dwight has proudly passed his family's gress on the Diego Garcia base last year was prisal for having blocked agent fees." legacy to his sons. Will1am Dwight, Jr., the growing threat of the Soviet presence in The former diplomat testified ruetully that "I still think it (Khashoggl's boast) 1s a Joke, has succeeded his father as publisher of Somalia. the Holyoke Transcript-Telegram. And "This is the most dishonest thing I have but I don't think it's as funny anymore." heard in 30 years in Congress," exclaimed Donald Dwight, the fonner Lieutenant Sen. Stuart Symington (D-Mo.), who op Governor of the Commonwealth of Mas posed the Indian Ocean base in the Senate sachusetts, was recently appointed the Armed SerVices Committee. PERSONAL EXPLANATION publisher of the Minneapolis Star " ... The argument was used with great Tribune. persuasion in Congress that since the Rus Bill Dwight also established a tremen sians were in Somalia it was necessary to HON. PIERRE S. (PETE) du PONT dous legacy of community service. He establish a base in Diego Garcia," he said. OF DELAWARE Cong!l'ess approved $13.8 million for a was active in politics as well as business, permanent naval base on the Indian Ocean IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES education, and journalism. As a political island after a stormy battle over costs and Thursday, June 3, 1976 leader, Bill Dwight was elected as a increasing military rivalries in the region. member of the Holyoke Board of Alder Subcommittee Chairman Frank Church Mr. nu PONT. Mr. Speaker, I was ab men, 1927-29, served as a Hampden (D-Idaho), after hearing Akins, said, "the sent in Delaware on Tuesday when the county commissioner, 1946-48, and rep circumstantial evidence certainly suggests House voted on rollcalls Nos. 315 through resented the First Congressional District a relationship between the desire of the Navy 320. Had I been present, I would have at two Republican National Conventions, for the Diego Garcia base with a continua voted as follows: 1948 and 1964. tion of the Russian presence in Somalia to No. 315-"yes." As a businessman, he se1·ved as a justify the base." No. 316--"no." Akins said the Saudi offer was relayed to trustee of Northeast Utilities, the Hol Washington through him because of the No. 317-"yes." yoke Savings Bank, and the Holyoke Hos growing concern of the Saudi governtnent No. 318-"yes." pital. He is a past director of the Frank over the Russian naval bulldup in Somalia. No. 319-"yes... lin County Trust Co. of Greenfield and This concern, the former ambassador said, No. 320-"yes." the Phoenix Mutual Life Insurance Co. 16612 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 3, 1976 In 1954-55, he served as chairman of the came business manager. The late Mlnnie R. have another son, Donald, for many years New England Governor's Textile Com Dwight, mother of W1111am Dwight. became connected with the Transcript-Telegram, publlsber and held that position until her rising to associate publisher and who later mittee. death in July, 1957. At that time William became Lieutenant Governor of Massachu As an educator, he served as a. trustee Dwight was elected publlsher. setts. He is now assocla..te publisher of of Mount Holyoke College and Williston Dwight has been active in the regional and the Minneapolis (Minn.) Star Tribune. Academy. national newspaper scene. He has served as And as a. journalist, Bill Dwight has president of the American Newspaper Pub [From the Holyoke Daily Transcript, been a. director of the Associated Press, Ushers Association, chalrman of the News Dec.lO, 1975] publisher of three newspapers-Holyoke paper Advertising Bureau, a director and vice NEWSPAPER AND COMMUNITY Transcript-Telegram, Greenfield, Mass. president of the Assoclated Press and presi One of the more difficult tasks is to write Recorder, and Concord, N.H., Monitor. dent of the New England Da.lly Newspaper an encomium Without its sounding like an Publishers Association. obituary. or an overly simplistic tribute with and director of four other newspapers Hls other newspaper interests have been as Raleigh, N.C., News and Observer, Bur words saying less (or more) than intended. director of the Raleigh. N.c .• News and Ob Such is the situation today as the Tran lington, Vt., Free Press, Haverhill, Mass., server, Burlington. Vt., Free Press. Haver script-Telegram says goodbye to its mentor, Gazette, and Catskill, N.Y .• Dally Mall. hlll Gazette and Catskill, N.Y., Dally Mall. its very essence, of the past thirty years. He has been elected president of the He has retired from the first three news William Dwight is stepping down from American Newspaper Publishers Asso papers but continues on the board of the his position as editor and publisher of the ciation, 1956-58, and president of the Ca.tsklll newspaper. newspaper he loves with all his hea.rt and New England Dally Newspaper Associa In 1943 he served as assistant admlnlstra soul, and to which he has dedicated himself ttve omcer of the War Shipping Adminlstra tion, 1940-42. He has also served as a so completely as to, in fact, mold the paper tlon. to hls persona.llty, and his always a.cttve pur jurist for the Pulitizer Prize awards. NOB.Tl:IEAST TBUSTEB suit of excellence. For his years of achievement and He 1s a former trustee of Northeast UtU• In so doing he has also dedicated himself leadership, Bill Dwight Is owed a great !ties. and the Holyoke Savings Bank. He to the community he loves. The pair-news debt of gratitude by the people of Hol Is a past director of the Franklin County paper and community-go hand in hand, and yoke and the Connecticut River Valley. Trust Co. of Green.fleld. and Is a past trustee that has been his conviction and phllosophy I want to congratulate Bill and hJs of Mount Holyoke College, W11llston Acad· as learned from his mother and father who lovely wife and partner in his endeavors, emy and the Holyoke Hospital. He was also brought the newspaper tnto being. Dorothy. May they enjoy to the fullest a director of Phoenix Mutual Life Insurance In a tlme when corporate structures tend Co. to overcome the humanness of the indivi the increased leisure that retirement will dual it 1s not easy to see one of the few re this He represented Ward Five on the Holyoke bring. At point in the REcoRD, I sub Board of Aldermen in 1928 and 1929, and malnlng practitioners of personal leadership mit several articles concerning Bill served as Hampden County Comm1ssloner give up his role. But that time has now come, Dwight: by appointment 1946-1948. Dwight was a and as must happen to all things, we shall (From the Holyoke Transcript} delegate from the First Congressional Dis be moving under new direction. WILLIA.M: DWIGHT Rl:rmiNG As Po"BLisliE& OJ' trict to Republican national conventions The newspaper, without Wllltam Dwight TR.&NsCBJPT in 1948 and 1964. w111 never be the same. It will, however-, strive to preserve the fine traditions and Wllllam Dwight of 60 IJndor Heights, Is He was born in Holyoke 72 years ago and feels the time is propitious for hla retire high standards he brought, and fought to retiring the end of the year as publisher of Insure. The Transcrf.pt-Telegram will re the Holyoke Tra.n.scrlpt-Telegram. ment. He stressed to his assoelates that wn 'Ham Dwight Jr. and George w. Wilson main, to the grestest extent possible, a At the same time he Is rel1nquJsh1ng hls monument to h!s devotion and that of his positions as president and treasurer of the are dedicated newspapermen who are pre pared and equipped to assume the responsi pM"ents. Holyoke Transcrtpt-Telegram Publlshlng 00. To that end his successors pledge them Inc., and as president and treasurer of Hol bllltles of their new omces. Hts son. Wtruam Dwight Jr. Is president selves. yoke Tra.nscript Inc.. parent firm of the Con WILLIAM DWYGHT, Jr. cord, N.H.. Monitor. of the New England Dally Newspaper Pub lishers Association. This Is the fourth father W1111am Dwight Jr. of 30 Clevel&nd St., edi (Prom the Holyoke Transcript, Dec. 19, 1975} tor o! the Tra.nscript-Telegram, succeeds him and son team to hold this poettion. Tm!: END OJ' AN ERA as publlsher and at the same tf.me takes over Mr. and Mrs. William Dwight are leav the two principal corporate positions in Hol· ing for thetr winter home 1n Sarasota, Fla.._ (By Ella Dicarlo) yoke Transcript-Telegram Publlshing 00. Inc. this week. Mrs. Dwight ts the former The biggest change 1n the scene here a.t George w. WUson of Concord, N.H.. who Dorothy Rathbun of Madison. N.J. They plan the T-T ts, of course. that W11lla.m Dwight succeeded Dwight as publisher of the Con to spend the winter in Florida but wfl1 be Sr. has retired. Not only w1ll it make a. cord Monitor in July, 1974. has been elected !n Holyoke for the choice 8ea80ns of the difference here. but in the community a.t president and treasurer of Holyoke Tran year-spring, summer and autumn. large. script Inc. TBlB.D GENERATION It's not that Bffi Dwight, as some people tmagine, wrote the Transcript single-handed, Larry D. Lewis of Farmington. Conn.. who William Dwight ~r .• the new publisher Is a director of Holyoke Transcript Inc., has and principal corporate oftl.cer of Holyoke or made all the declsions. or even saw what been elected a ~tor of the Holyoke Tran Transcript-Telegram PubUshtng Corp., Is went 1n untll the paper came out. In fact, script-Telegram Publishing Co. Ine. the third generation of the Dwight fam!ly many a news item 1s bl&med on the Dwigbts Dwight is co-publisher of the Greenfield to operate Holyoke's dally newspaper. which really should be placed on other shoul Record and 1s relinquishing that position. He was born in Holyoke 46 years ago. at ders, despite what some folks, who don't These changes were e1fected at meetings of tended the local public schools, Holyoke High know how a paper 1s put out, think. Of course, I knew of Mr. Dwight long be the boards of d1rectors in Holyoke. School, Deerfield Academy and graduated fore I ever dreamed I'd some day be working Wi111am Dwight will continue his associa from Princeton University in 1951. He served for him. His name appeared in the news tion with the two local corporations as direc as an officer with the Marine Corps during tor and chairman of the two boards. columns and was praised and castigated in the Korean War and was wounded in action. the Safety Valve. He has been with the Transcript-Telegram He Is a past president of the Greater When I came to work at the T-T he wel since his graduation from the Columbia Holyoke Chamber of Commerce and was a comed me, but had very little to do with me School of Journalism in June, 1926. However. co-founder of Holyoke Inc. He Is promi as a reporter. It was when I became the wire during hls school days at Holyoke mgh and nently identified with several social service editor that I got to know him very well. during the summers as an undergraduate at agencies in the city. He served as admin Mr. Dwight, whatever else he might have Princeton University he was with the Tran istrative assistant to Congressman Sllvio 0. been, was first and foremost a newspaper script sports department. Conte from 1959 to 1961. man. Naturally, one might say. But. no, When he became a full time newspaperman George W. Wllson. who assumes the prin there are people 1n the newspaper business 1n Holyoke 49 and a half years ago, there were cipal corporation omces of Holyoke Tran who also have other interests. For B111 two daily newspapers here-the Transcript script Inc.. Is a native of Scranton, Pa.. He Dwight. the news was all. Everyone he met and the Telegram. On Jan. 1. 1927. the Tran grew up in Aiken.. S.C., graduated from and everything he read turned into a story. script bought the Telegram and merged it Harvard College, and has worked as a re He had a great m.em.ory and also could zero into the Transcript-Telegram. porter for the Washington Post and as an 1n on what was essential in a story. And of In 1930, WUllam G. Dwight, founder o! the administrative aide to United States Senator course he knew the background of every Dally Transcrtpt in 1883 and !ather of Wil Strom Thurmond of South Carolina. Wilson body and every business so that. being lazy liam Dwight. died. At that time the latter is married to the former Ma.rily Dwight, reporters, we often went to him for the in became managing editor of the T-T succeed daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Dwight Sr. formation we should have gotten from the lug his uncle, the late Arthur Ryan. who be- The retiring publisher and Mrs. Dwight files. June 3, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16613 As the wire editor, I determined what past 18 years, announced Wednesday he will common emergency number. The Fed went on the front page, and sometimes what retire from his post at the end of the year. eral Communications Commission added I thought was the top news was not what He also will rellnqutsh his corporate posi its endorsement to the recommendation. he would think was top news and he'd let tions as president and treasurer of the me know after the paper came out. Holyoke Transcript-Telegram Publishing Co., Florida's surgence into the forefront "What made you lead with that?" he'd Inc., and president and treasurer of Holyoke in the 911 implementation effort will ask, and I'd explain what led to that de· Transcript, Inc., parent fi'l"m of the Concord, hopefully be the catalyst to encourage cision. Sometimes it would even be, "What N.H., Monitor newspaper. the other larger States-as well as the the heck made you ..." and that would take Dwight 1s copublisher of the Greenfield smaller ones-to adopt the 911 concept a bit longer in explalnlng. Recorder and is giving up that position also. because in the event of a serious emer FRONT PAGE NEWS Dwight's son, William Dwight Jr., 46, will become publisher of the Transcript-Tele gency, time can mean the difierence be One time I decided to lead with the arrest gram and assume the two principal corpo tween life and death. Too often now, of an army officer in the My Lai case at the rate positions 1n the Ttranscript-Telegram precious moments are lost when people same time former Mayor Wllllam Taupier Publishing Co. under the stress of an emergency situa announced he would run again. "What the Dwight attended Holyoke High School, heck .. :• said the Big Boss. And I said every tion-stumble through the phone book Princeton University and Columbia School of body knew Blll would run again, but that trying to find the number for the police, Journa.11sm. During the last 49 years he has or the fire department, or an ambulance that had been the first time an army officer worL..ed as reporter, managing editor and had been charged as in the My La1 case. service. He accepted the decision (after all, the publisher of the Transcript-Telegram. He served as a War-d 5 alderman in 1928 paper was already out) but wasn't so sure I and 1929 and as Hampden County Commis knew what I was talking about. Luckily, the next morning, the New York Times, which sioner between 1946 and 1948. ITALIAN NATIONAL DAY has got to be the journalists' Bible, saved me by also running the My La1 story on top. Other times I wasn't so lucky. For instance, when I began running the stock market re· THE EMERGENCY 911 TELEPHONE HON. PETER W. RODINO, JR. ports on the jump page dally, all those num NUMBER MAKES PROGRESS CD' HEW .JERSEY bers meant nothing to me. But I soon found IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES out they meant a lot to the Boss. "Don't you reaJ.lze the market broke 900 Thursday, June 3, 1976 yesterday?" he asked me as he noted I'd HON. C. W. BILL YOUNG Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker, I am very run the column with the conventional one OF FLORIDA column head. He could have said it broke pleased to have this opportunity to pay nine or 9,000 for all it meant to me, but I soon IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES special tribute to the Italian nation earned. When it broke 1,000, I was ready Thursday, June 3, 1976 which is celebrating its 30th anniversary with a nice, big splashy hea.dllne. as a republic. Perhaps the most important thing he Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Speaker, there recently appeared a llstlng 1n the Though the past 30 years are a mere taught me was to learn to ask myself, "What in are people talking about today?" There might CONGRESSIONAL RECORD of several States instant the lifetime of this ancient have been a wa.r going on across the world, and communities which have adopted the society we know as Italy, they represent but if we were deluged with rain or snow "911" emergency telephone number-a an important politica.l transformation. here, or if the thermometer soared to as common, easily remembered telephone In this, America's Bicentennial Year, we tronomic heights, that's what area people number for citizens to use when request can look with pleasure on the demo would be talking about and wanting to read cratic values that have taken hold in about. ing help 1n police, fire or medical emer gencies. Italy. The same ideals of personal free DISAGREEMENTS doms, liberty, and representation that Obviously, no two people think alike and Because of the importance of this con Americans celebrate this year, Italians no two editors would put out exactly the cept, I first introduced a bill in the 92d same kind of paper. Even editors on the same Congress to require the Federal Com also proudly hall. It is gratifying to note paper disagree on what 1s important and munications Commission, which regu that in 1976, when many academics and what isn't. What was happening out there lates phone companies, to set regulations statesmen are speaking with foreboding in the business world was all new to me to provide for a nationwide 911 emer of the emergence of totalitarian regimes and so that I wouldn't neglect to provide in· as the only way to meet the demands of formation, Mr. Dwight busily cUpped items gency number system. I have sub the modem state, the comparatively from the Times to be put into the Transcript. sequently reintroduced this bill 1n each young republic of Italy remains :firmly And I learned to watch for such economic Congress. indicators on the wire. committed to its beliefs in political free In the meantime, my home State of dom. He had other interests which kept us Florida is well on the way to becoming alert. Railroads interested him, world famous the first large State where 911 will be the The transformation of Italy in the hotels, but mostly people. He knew some past 30 years complements the history of thing about everyone and if someone had statewide emergency telephone number ever stopped in Holyoke for any reason, he'd for ambulance, police and fire services. a society which constitutes the genesis of remember that and it would have to be in This accomplishment in Florida has Western civilization. After a 3,000 year serted in a wire story that the famous John been due--in large measure--to the history, Italy's new republic has retained Doe, on his way to Washington, passed effort of State Senator Richard J. Deeb, the traditional Italian concern for hu through Holyoke, pausing to have his car who serves my home county of Pinellas. man values and the search for knowl filled at Yoerg's garage. It gave the news a edge. bit of a local slant. And, because Senator Deeb has shared It was his hand that placed many of the my concern, Pinellas County will have The cultural contributions of the items in the Oracle column and on any trip the new system in operation by July 1 Italian people are too numerous to list, of his he would meet people who became 1977. • but names such as Da Vinci, Michel interesting items in the Oracle. Mr. Speaker, the idea of a common angelo, Titin, Verdi, and Puccini in the We're happy to have Bill Jr. at the helm number for emergencies is not a new one. arts, and Galilee, Marconi, and Fermi in now, but we're going to miss Bill Sr., al the sciences give an indication of the though we're sure he'll pop in .:from time to As a matter of fact, the concept was time to straighten us out. introduced in England during the 1930's. Italian dedication to improving human As for me, I'm sorry I missed that story Today in Europe, the number 999 is existence. about the Brazillan killer bees, Mr. Dwight, ·widely used as an emergency number. I am proud that during the past 200 but I'm watching that stock market real It was not until 1957 that the concept years many Italians have made America closely. If it tops 900 again when I'm on, I'll of 911 began to gain favor in the United their home, so that the rich Italian cul be ready this time. ture has become a part of American cul (From the Springfield (Mass.) Union, States-with the support of the Inter Dec. 11, 1975) national Association of Fire Chiefs. How ture. WILLIAM DWIGHT STEPPING DoWN As ever, it was to be a decade later-in With gratitude, I honor the Italian TRANSCRIPT Pu1n.LsHEa 1967-before the President's Commission republic and its great people. And in the W1111am Dwight, 72, publisher of the Hol on Law Enforcement was to make a spirit of friendship, I wish them a pros yoke Transcript-Telegram newspaper for the recommendation for a nationwide perous future. 16614 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS · June 3, 1976 TO CREATE A NATIONAL COMMIS - · Does not it seem strange that our so the privUege of being a charter member of SION ON SOCIAL SECURITY cial security system is good enough for the sh1rtworkers local 28, Allentown, Pa. most American workers to pay for but My ll!e was enriched wlth the honor and not good enough for the Members of pleasure o! having known Miss Jule Lesnick HON. ELLIOTT H. LEVITAS who later became Mrs. David Monas. Her Congress or other Federal employees to efforts were tireless when it came to helping OF GEORGIA participate in? Because that is exactly the shlrtworkers. We walked the picket lines IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the situation that prevails, and the at 5 o'clock 1n the morning, rode on the back Thursday, June 3, 1976 American public is becoming increas of trucks from one factory to another in ingly aware of it. Allentown, Northampton and Emmaus. We Mr. LEVITAS. Mr. Speaker, on The retired, disabled and widowed even spent some time at pollee court, and March 6, 1975, I intt·oduced a blll, House Americans are becoming fearful about Jule was right at our side not only as our leader and organizer, but most of all as our Joint Resolution 291, to create a Na the future of social security. We have an tional Commission on Social Security. I friend. We owe her a lot. unbreakable commitment to them. To I of all people should know in those early did so because I had come to the firm honor it, something must be done. days, my weekly pays were very small some conclusion that our approach to the The President has proposed raising tlines only a dollar a week or a 1 Y:z cents a social security program must be thor the regressive payroll tax. This is wrong. doz. to learn. There wasn't any work in the oughly overhauled. I said at the time It creates more animosity by already industry so we had to settle for these con that there were too many warning sig overtaxed citizens and does not deal ditions to learn a trade. We were happy when nals which we could no longer afford to with the root problems of the social se the union organizers came into our town to ignore. help us. They got us strike benefits which curity system, as a National Commission were more than we earned in the factory. The warning signals are getting louder would. I must not forget the dally coffee and do and louder, and we still ignore them at Young people, paying into social se nuts they gave us at the union hAll, because our peril. curity, are cynically aware they wlll never this was a treat in those days. We didn't Unllke private employers, local and see their benefits returned to them and have any money to buy them ourselves. To State governments can drop their mem they are demanding some new approach day it is taken for granted, a so-called coffee berships in social security after giving es. A National Commission will provide break. the Federal Government 2 years' notice. this. All this was possible by other members in In the past 2 years, 138 local govern Mr. Speaker, I plead for this Congress other places giving their dues and donations to help organize the sweatshops of the Le ments have relinquished their member to get on with the job. high Valley. These shops had moved out of ships; another 208 have said they in New York City and took away the work at tend to do so. cheaper wages. Now comes the 1976 annual report of It took almost a year to get all the fac the Board of Trustees of the Federal Old THE AMALGAMATED CLOTHING tories signed up, but I must be fair to my own Age and Survivors Insurance and Dis WORKERS OF AMERICA employer, when the unions came to Allen ability Insurance Trust Funds. What town, they were one of the first to sign up 1n 1933. does it say? Now through the growth of our union I The trustees of the social security sys HON. GUS YATRON wlll receive the security 1n my retirement of tem, heretofore so sanguine about the OF PENNSYLVANIA a substantial pension and life insurance for inherent future strength of the program, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES which I am very grateful. have finally admitted that even under Thursday, June 3, 1976 I have a lot of sad and also happy mem the most optimistic assumptions possible ories of early days and receiving all these the trust funds will be exhausted by the Mr. YATRON. Mr. Speaker. On benefits made it all worthwhile. · earlY 1980's. Predicting even further into June 2, it was my pleasure to attend a To whom it may concern my sincere dinner given by the Pennsylvania Joint thanks. - the future, the report states: The union is only as strong as lts members The long-range actuarial cost estimates Board of the Amalgamated Clothing made it. I hope the membership continues to indicate that for every year in the future, Workers of America. During the course grow and be strong, because without a union under present law, the estimated expendi of the evening, Mr. Peter J. Swoboda, the there will be nothing again. tures wm. exceed the estimated income from manager of the Pennsylvania Joint I am not a very good letter writer but these taxes. Board, read a letter which he received words are from my heart. Sincerely, Put bluntly, this means the social se from one of the Amalgamated Clothing curity program is on shaky fiscal ground, Workers' retired members, Mrs. Eleanor ELEANOR M . FIALA. unless something is done to change the M. Fiala. present course. The Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America have made a continuing ef The final paragraph of the trustee re EDWARD WILLIAMS TRmUTE port conveys a sense of urgency to me: fort to help their members; and the fol The Board also recommends that the de lowing correspondence is a. testimony of velopment of additional plans to further the tireless efforts of this organization. HON. RICHARD L. OTTINGER strengthen the long-range financing of the The text follows: OF NEW YORK old-age, survivors, and d.lsablllty tnsurance ELEANOR M. FIALA, program be given high priority. 2456 Market Street, Allentown, Pa. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 18104, May 1, 1976. Thursday, June 3, 1976 At last, the official experts are ad PETER J . SWOBODA, mitting that something is wrong. Pennsylvania Joint Board, Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. Speaker, on Mr. Speaker, my bill, House Joint Res 1720 Market Street, June 9, Edward Williams will be honored olution 291, is an attempt to examine Pottsville, Pa. on the occasion of his retirement from thoroughlY our present social security DEAR Sm: I received word from the New the Robert Fulton School in Mount Ver program in all of its aspects and to York office of the Amalgamated Retirement non. I would like to take this time to· examine viable alternatives to a system Fund that with the approval of the Joint share with my colleagues a few of Mr. which many actuarial experts-not to say board my pension plan has been completed Williams' many accomplishments. with a coverage of the 44 years of member the vast bulk of a concerned public-be ship in the union and my employment at Edward Williams attended Mount lieve is no longer tolerable, with high the Lehigh Valley Shirt Co. of Allentown, Pa. Vernon schools, gaining an outstanding costs to the taxpayer and pitifully sparse I want to express my sincere thanks to the reputation in a number of sports. His benefits to the recipients. Penna. Joint Board officers and my local talents and skills were such that he won Although this bill has received sig officers of Local 128 for their efforts on my a football scholarship to New York Uni nificant cosponsorship, no action has yet · behalf. A special thanks to my chairlady, versity. Mrs. Anna Onkotz who gives a lot of her been taken by Congress. If the Members time and efforts for the welfare of the mem Prior to a career in education, Edward of Congress and other Federal employees bers who work at the Lehigh Valley Shirt Co. Williams chaired the Mount Vernon Rec had a stake in the social security program The membership has come a long hard reation Commission Advisory Board, themselves, I frankly have no doubt that route since I was involved in the so called worked with the Children's Aid Society, we would have had remedial action -long ' baby strike of the shirtworkers during the and served in World Warn; out of tQe ago. depression years beginning in 1931. I have service, Mr. Williams gave much of his J~~ 3, 1976 ~XTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16615 time and energy to the rehabilitation of active practice, nursing must be acknowl such vital commodities as oil, minerals, and veterans -who had been blinded during edged as a vital component of the health fish. Such agreement and regulation likewise the war. · care team and be accorded the appro must protect the interests of nations such as He began his teaching career back in Iceland that are dependent upon offshore priate rights and responsibilities as pro resources. . Mount Vernon in 1956 at the Washing fessional practitioners within this law. Ironically, Great Britain, which has as ton Junior High School. He later moved Inasmuch as providers educated and serted her own 200-m.ile commercial water to Nichols Junior High School where he practicing in professions other than llmits in order to claim newly discovered was an assistant principal up until the nursing do not have the experience or North Sea oll reserves, also may be depend time he began his duties as principal of educational background to effectively ent upon offshores resources in the near fu the Robert Fulton School. · evaluate the necessity, appropriateness, ture. I know the community will miss the and quality of nursing care, it follows The Liberal Party of New York State ear leadership and counsel of Edward Wil nestly hopes that the current International that members of the nursing profession Conference on the Law of the Sea, sponsored liams. His contributions to the lives of should be involved in ctecisions as to the by the United Nations, w111 reach equitable countless Mount Vernon children will quality of professional care/service, agreement on the proper conservation and miss the leadership and counsel of Ed rendered by nurses. use of offshore resources throughout the ward Williams. His contributions to the My bill to amend the Social Security world. lives of countless Mount Vernon chil· Act provides for the minimal changes in Meanwhile, until equitable international dren will long be remembered. On June 9 Public Law 92-603 to effect the rightful agreement is concluded and implemented, it is only fitting, then, that students, the Liberal Party of New York State calls role of professional registered nurses in upon the United States Department of State, parents, and teachers join together with PSRO. as a matter of humanitarian justice, to take others from the Mount Vernon commu all possible action through established dip nity to express their appreciation and lomatic channels to persuade Great Britain thanks. RESOLUTION OF THE LIBERAL and all other nations to respect Iceland's PARTY OF NEW YORK STATE ON 200-mlle fl.sherles water llmits. ICELAND INTRODUCTION OF A Bn.L TO AS· SURE APPROPRIATE PARTICIPA TION BY PROFESSIONAL REG BICENTENNIAL ESSAY BY MARC ISTERED NURSES IN PSRO'S HON. EDWARD I. KOCH RESZEL OP NEW YORK m THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. MARTHA KEYS Thursday, June 3, 1976 HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI OF KANSAS OP ILLINOIS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. KOCH. Mr. Speaker, I have re ceived the statement of the Liberal IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, June 3, 1976 Party of New York State concerning the Thursday, June 3, 1976 Mrs. KEYS. Mr. Speaker, it is most im so-called cod war between Iceland and Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, an portant that we support the basic prin Great Britain which recently entered outstanding young man in my district, ciple of accountability of all health care the cease-fire stage but has not yet been Marc Reszel, age 13, has written a Bi practitioners to provide care which is of resolved. centennial essay which has already won a high standard and which is available I believe that the proposal of the Lib him first prize in two levels of competi and accessible to all at a reasonable cost. eral Party of New York State to resolve tion sponsored by the American Legion. The participation of the Federal Gov this issue is well done and should be He is now competing for the statewide ernment in health care matters brings pursued by the parties involved. I urge award. I take pleasure in inserting his with it an increasing governmental con that our colleagues read the statement essay in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD and cern about standards of practice and that is appended: commend him for his patriotism and their implementation. LIBERAL PARTY STATEMENT CONCERNING scholarship. Marc is also the valedicto I support the concept that the gov ICELAND rian of his graduating class at Highlands ernment at all levels should provide It is an ugly sight to see a small, demo Junior High School in La Grange, Dl.. mechanisms whereby professions can in cratic, progressive nation relentlessly pushed. to the edge of catastrophe by the intransi AMERICAN LEGION BICENTENNIAL THEME crease the effectiveness of their self-reg (By Marc W. Reszel) ulatory activities. The bill I am introduc gence of a larger neighbor. The world is Witnessing the spectacle of (Theme question: Group B-"What con ing today is one such mechanism. It the might of the British Navy thrown tributions have been made by whom, to make simply provides professional registered against a country of some 200,000 popula the United States of America the best coun nurses appropriate participation in the tion With no army, air force, or navy. If Brit try in which to llve, since it declared inde professional standards review organiza ish force prevails, the small but historic pendence July 4
THE WORLD'S TALLEST CAXE around the wooden beams. The cake is rest grainfields and rangeland across the The town of Milford has "Bicentennial ing on fiat bed trucks donated by the high country-regardless of whether it is cake fever." way department National Guard. needed, practical or even feasible. It was a. circus atmosphere this morning Once the television taping is finished, the crew is expected to take the cake apart and It takes little imagination to figure out when the Bicentennial Commission unveiled how tough it will be to try and comply its 30-foot, six-tier cake, which is supposed transport it back to the highway dept. gar to break the Guiness Book of World Rec age. Scafuto said the cake would be fresh with regulations like these in areas ords mark. for Sunday afternoon's party. "You won't where wheatfields are a quarter section After it took nearly two hours to as even realize when it's been baked," said or larger. The facilities would have to be semble the three-section cake, a. Boston tele Scafuto. "We have used special ingredients." placed either in the middle of nearly vision film crew began video taping a. seven The five other bakers are Norman Martell, every field or have a mobile capability, minute segment to be shown on Channel 5 Rick Auger, Nicholas Oliva, Bruce Blair, and Marlo Scafuto. neither of which makes any sense at all. tomorrow morning. I am encouraging every farmer and With a. crowd of about 1,000 jamming Sunday's party will be held in downtown around the confectionery skyscraper, you Mllford from 1 to 4 p.m. In addition to the rancher in South Dakota as well as farm had to wonder "who's working?" cake, children will receive free ice cream and organizations to join me in protesting The long morning began shortly after 6 lollipops. Eight booths will also be set up on this unnecessary bureaucratic nonsense. Main Street. ~ · a.m. when the IDghway Department headed And even protesting is not going to be for Fino Field annex from the town barn on easy: OSHA has specifications on how Central Street. It took three trips to move this is to be done, too. the 10,000 pound monster. PRIVY SQUAD FOR OSHA? Ridiculous? That is an understate While the trucks crawled up East Main Street commuter traffic was slowed to a snail's ment. If California wants or needs such pace. For early morning drivers it was an HON. JAMES ABDNOR . rules, that should be California's deci unusual way to wake up. OF SOUTH DAKOTA sion. For the rest of the Nation, the en By 7:45 a.m. the first two sections of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tire proposal: "Subpart !-General En cake were in place at the annex, between vironmental Controls, Section 1928.110 Fino Field and the Municipal pool. Slowly, Thursday. June 3. 1976 Field Sanitary Facilities," should be a crane donated by the Consigll Construc scrapped. Farmers have enough prob tion Co. lifted the second two sections into Mr. ABDNOR. Mr. Speaker, many of us place while the crowd gasped. pooh-poohed George Orwell's "1984" lems without the Government meddling Sabatino Scafuto, the key man behind when it was written some years ago, but in their toilets. the creation, worked from the Fire Depart as that date draws nearer the specter of ment's "cherry picker" as he guided the Big Brother hovering over every decision two-by-four frame into place. and act looms more and more into real TRIDUTE TO GERRI AND MANNY A minor problem developed when the ity. Call it Big Brother, EPA, OSHA, or ROHATINER crew attempted to lower on the top two layers-the crane was sllghtly out of posi whatever, it cannot be denied that free tion and Sca.fu to was unable to complete dom of individual citizens to make every HON. HENRY A. WAXMAN the job. After moving the crane ahead day decisions concerning their liveli OF CALIFORNIA (with the layers stlll suspended) the crisis hood and working conditions is being IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES passed. Shortly after 8:30 a.m. the world's steadily eroded. tallest cake was in one piece. One of the most recent incursions is Thursday. June 3, 1976 The next scene was a bit hectic for Mil the ridiculous decision of the Occupa ford District Court Judge Francis J. Larkin. Mr. WAXMAN. Mr. Speaker. it is my Judge Larkin, who was dressed in a three tional Safety and Health Administra pleasure to join the Los Angeles commu piece suit, was hoisted to the top of the tion in proposed standards for field sani nity in paying tribute to Gerri and Man cake with a tape to make the official meas tary facilities. The standards they hope ny Rohatiner at a concert to be held at urement. Not counting the eagle, the cake to mandate across the land were pub the Scottish Rite Auditorium on Sunday, measured exactly 30 feet, breaking the lished in the Federal Register on April June 12, 1976. Guiness record by seven feet. 27, 1976. The public has been invited to This event is being sponsored by the A number of town officials were in at comment on them until July 6, 1976. National Conference of Synagogue tendance to authenticate the height. Among them were Selectmen Emillo E. Diotalevi, Regulations for toilet facilities "within Youth-NCSY-in honor of Mr. and Mrs. John V. Fernandes, and Mrs. Marie J. a 5-m.inute walk of each employee's place Rohatiner, who by their leadership in Parente. of work in the field," are prescribed and chairing a citywide banquet, the first Other groups participating for the TV per they are detailed right down to the toilet major fundraising event for NCSY, formance were the Milford Youth Militia paper holder and the inside lock on the helped establish a base of support for the and Milford IDgh School Band. The taping door "to insure privacy." Handwashing organization's continued good work. was stlll going on late this morning. facilities are also required with signs, Since that time, Manny has chaired the FlUKE EXPENSIVE and the quality of water, towels, and NCSY West Coast Youth Commission, The CommJ.sslon had hoped to make the soap specified. and was recently elected to the vice pres trame 1n a home carpentry shop, but when Also included are provisions requiring idency of the Union of Orthodox Jewish the size of the cake became apparent the task Congregations of America on the west was carried out at the highway barn. availability of drinking water which Used to make the wooden frame was 1,000 "shall be dispensed either through the coast, the official organization for the feet of two-by-fours. Also 50 sheets of ply use of a drinking fountain equipped with orthodox movement. wood, two-by-twos and two-by-eights. In an angled jet outlet, or a gravity water The NCSY is the youth arm of the order to support the weight, the frame had tap." Cooling of the water, drinking orthodox movement. Manny and Gerri to be carefully built. cups, and construction and maintenance have dedicated many years of their lives The only major concern was a 25-mile per with endless devotion, warmth and love, hour Wind blowing from the northwest. The of containers are specified together with construction of the frame allowed most of a requirement "all containers, fountains. and a deep spiritual commitment to its the air to pass through the cake, averting or other devices used for the storage or growth on the west coast. any disaster. When the crew began assem dispensing of drinking water shall be The Rohatiners have been actively en bling the cake it was only 35 degrees. conspicuously marked 'drinking water.'" gaged in various philanthropic endeav A number of figures are being tossed As far as I can see this is another case ors within the Los Angeles Jewish com around, but one seems certain about the of Government trying to apply blanket munity for the past 25 years. The United actual cost. The lumber cost about $800. regulations to situations where they can Jewish Appeal, the Guardians, B'nai Anthony J. Brenna, chairman of the Bicen tennial Commission, said the cake would cost not possibly work. It was just a few B'rith, American Mizrachi Women, the town under $1,000. years ago that OSHA tried to regulate Young Musicians Foundation, City of Scafuto said 1f he were to sell the cake the number, size, and shape of toilets for Hope, Hillel Hebrew Academy, and retail, tt would be worth as much as $12,000. all business firms including the smallest Yavneh Hebrew Academy are just a few It was estimated that about 500 man hours shop, and they finally had to back off to of the organizations that they have sup were need to complete the project. It took concentrate on industries with high about three working days to piece the cake ported through the years. together and frost it. safety hazards. Manny has also had an active political Basically, the cake is red, white and blue, Now they are at it again. and this time career for many years. He served a.s dep with flag decorations and jimmies. Red and they have decided to make a proposal uty for Supervisor Debs and found great white crepe paper is stretched around the designed for the fruit and vegetable satisfaction in helping people with their entire cake with red, white and blue paper fields of California apply to the vast problems. He has actively supported 16624 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 3, 1976 many worthy candidates for public of auto emissions for 1976 model autos have legislation I have sponsored so far during been reduced by 83% compared to uncon the 94th Congress: fice. trolled pre-1968 emission levels (with the Gerri and Manny Roha.tiner are two exception of nitrogen oxides) . Further reduc LEGISLATIVE STATUS REPORT: JUNE 1976 very fine human beings and it is my tions would be increasingly costly to the AGRICULTURE pleasure to express to. them and to my consumer and would involve decreases in H.R. 6737 (Seiberling). Research funds for colleagues my commendation of them. fuel efficiency. improved fertllizer and food production The Senate and House amendments, as methods. presently written, fail to strike the proper H.R. 9890 (Burke of Mass.) : Distribution THE PRESIDENT'S CONCERN ABOUT balance between energy, environmental and of seeds and plants for use in home gardens. CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF THE economic needs. Therefore, I am announcing ARTS AND HUMANITIES CLEAN AIR ACT my support for an amendment to be co sponsored by Congressman John Dingell and H.R. 2898 (Krueger): Establish folklife Congressman James Broyh111, which reflects center in the Library of Congress. (Enacted HON. JAMES T. BROYHILL the posltlon recommended by Russell Train, as Public Law 94-201.) Admin1strator of the U.S. Environmental H.R. 4030 (Whitehurst): Assistance to OF NORTH CARO~A Protection Agency: This amendment would zoos and aquariums. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES provide for stabutty of emissions standards H.R. 11137 (Gude): Amends Dwight Eisen Thursday, June 3, 1976 over the next three years, imposing stricter hower Bicentennial Civic Center Act. standards for two years thereafter. Further H.C. Res. 97 (Bingham): Authorize bust or Mr. BROYHILL. Mr. Speaker, 1n a more, a recent study by the Environmental statue of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., to be matter of days this body w1ll begin con Protection Agency, the Department of placed in the Capitol. (Passed House; pend- sideration of legislation which w1ll have Transportation and the Federal Energy Ad ing in Senate.) · far-reaching effects on virtually every m1n1stration indicates that the Dingell B.R. 18522 (Brown): Establish a National segment of our economy. I am speaking Broyhill Amendment, relative to the Senate Museum of Afro-American History. ASIAN-AMERICAN AFFAIRS of the Clean Air Act Amendments of and House positions, would result in con sumer cost savings of billions of dollars and H.R. 6548 (Anderson of Calif.) : Cabinet 1976. fuel savings of b1llions of gallons. Resulting Many of the Nation's polieymakers Committee for Asian-American Affairs. alr quality d11l'erences would be negligible. I BVDGJ:'l' both in and out of Congress-have voiced believe the Dingell-Broyh111 Amendment at concern about two particular sections of thls point best balances the critical consid H.R. 7449 (Moorhead of Pa.) : Intergovern erations of energy, economics and environ mental Countercyclical Assistance Act. (En this bill: that which seU; auto emission acted as Title n, H.R. 5247; vetoed by Presi standards and that which prohibits sig ment. I am also concerned about the potential dent.) nificant deterioration of air quality. It impact of the sections of the Senate and B.R. 12007 (Metcalfe): Revenue Sharing has been a great help to us here that House Committee Amendments that deal Reform Act. they have made their views known before with the prevention of significant deteriora CHILD WELPABE we must make a final decision on this tion of air quality. In January 1975, I asked H.R. 2967 (Brademas) : Comprehensive very complex bill. Their arguments have the Congress to clarify their intent by elim child care b1ll. enabled all of us to know more thor inating signiflcant deterioration provisions. B.R. 8408 (Daniels): Youth Camp Safety oughly the many different aspects of the As the respective Amendments are now Act. (Passed the House: pending in Senate.) issues involved. written, greater economic uncertainties con H.R. 5702 (Mitchell of Md.) : Grants for cerning job creation and capital formation pre-school education programs. To that end, President Ford has ex would be created. Additionally, the impact pressed his reservations about the com CIVn. LmERTIES on future energy resource development might H.R. 353 (Dellums): Amnesty. (Judiciary mittee amendments dealing with auto well be negative. While I applaud the efforts Subcommittee hearings held.) emiSSions standards and significant of your committee in attempting to clarify H.R. 354 (Dellums): Gun control. (Judi deterioration. this d11Dcult Issue, the uncertainties of the ciary Committee markup pending.) In a letter to Chairman STAGGERS, Mr. suggested changes are disturbing. I have H.R. 3235 (Goldwater): Comprehensive Ford endorsed the Dingell-Broyhill asked the Environmental Protection Agency protection of constitutional rights of privacy. amendment on auto emissions as strik to supply me with the results of impact H.R. 8887 (DuPont): Allows women in ing the proper balance between energy, studies showing the effect of such changes on military academies. (Passed House as amend various industries. I am not satisfied that ment to 1976 DOD authorization bill.) environmental, and economic needs. The the very preliminary work of that Agency is H.R. 4134 (Drinan): Abolishes capital President also stated that, because of sufilcient evidence on which to decide this punishment. potentially disastrous effects on unem critical issue. We do not have the facts neces H.R. 5129 (Abzug): Amends the Privacy ployment and on energy development, sary to make proper decisions. Act of 1974 to allow individuals to correct he could not endorse the committee rec In view of the potentially disastrous effects personal files. ommendations on significant deteriora on unemployment and on energy develop H.R. 5452 (Abzug): Gay Rights. tion. While applauding the committee's ment, I cannot endorse the changes recom H.R. 8964 (Metcalfe): Permits suits against mended by the respective House and Senate governments for civil rights violations. attempt to clarify this complex issue, he Committees. Accordingly, I believe the most H.R. 9451 (Spellman): Prevents housing called for the Congress to amend the act appropriate course of action would be to discrimination on grounds of marital sta.tus. to preclude application of all significant amend the Act to preclude application of all H.R. 9666 (Harrington): Protects consti deterioraJtion provisions until sufficient significant deterioration provisions untll tutional rights and liberties for disclosure of information concerning its final impact sufilcient information concerning final im private communications. can be gathered. pact can be gathered. H.R. 10093 (Bingham): Prohibits prior Mr. Speaker, because some of my col The Nation 1s making progress towards restraint. reaching its environmental goals. As we con H.R. 12504 (Kastenmeier): Criminal code leagues may not have seen the Presi tinue to clean up our air and water, we must reforms. dent's letter, I insert it in the RECORD be careful not to retard our efforts at energy COMMERCE at this point: independence and economic recovery. Given H.R. 3229 (Frenzel): Accelerates capital THE WHITE HOUSE, the Uncertainties created by the Clean Air formation through employee stock ownership. Washington, May 28, 1976. Amendments, I wUl ask the Congress to re H.R. 3352 (Seiberling): Man CONGRESSIONAL REFORM H.R. 10586 (Anderson of Calif.): Discour GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS H.&. 1268 (Denums): Congressional review ages trap use on animals and birds. (Fisher H.R. 343 (DeUums): CIA Control Act. of Executive agreements. (International Re· ies and Wildlife Subcommittee hearings H.R. 351 (Dellums): Continuing Congres- lations Committee hearings held.) held.) sional Oversight Act. . H.R. 3045 (Railsback) : Publlc disclosure H.R. 10756 (Studds): Compensation for on H.R. 355 (Dellums): Provides for receipt of of lobbying. (Committee on Standards of Of pollution damages and cleanup costs. (Sub testimony and information from Executive ficial Conduct hearings held.) committee on Coast Guard and Navigation agencies and bodies. H.R. 9102 (Phillip Burton): Provides pub hearings conducted.) H.R. 1267 (Dellums): CIA Disclosure Act. He financing of Congressional campaigns. H.R. 11520 (Koch): Establishes Commis H.R. 3000 (Clay): Hatch Act amendments. (Defeated on floor as amendment to Federal sion on the Humane Treatment of Animals. (Passed House; Senate vote pending.) Election Commission Reform bill.) H.R.· 12087 (Fisher)·: Prohibits landing H.R. 3050 (Rosenthal) : Confiict of interest H.R. 11708 (Kastenmeier) : Requires all rights at Dulles International and Washing pf public servants. candidates and federal officers to file finan ton National Airports for supersonic aircraft. H.R. 5007 (Drlnan): Controls on impound cal statements. H.R. 12475 (Melcher.): Revised strip min ment. H. Res. 442 (Stark): Additional staff for ing control bill. H.R. 5300 (Mitchell of Md.): Establishes certain House members. H.R. 12661 (Taylor) : Land and Water Con Federal Protective Service Police force within servation Act amendments. the General Services Administration. CONSUMER AFFAIRS H.R. 14027 (Mineta): cans for establish H.R. 352 (Dellums) : Bans war toys. H.R. 6026 (Fa.scell): Opens meetings of ment of jet noise standards. government agencies to the public. H.R. 4149 (Ford of Tenn.): Requires all H.J. Res. 539 (Bell): Imposes an embargo packages to have individual prices. H.R. 6939 (Gude): Procedures for location on the products of all foreign enterprises en of post offices. H.R. 10881 (St Germain) : Aid and techni gaged in commercial whaling. cal assistance to specialized credit sources. H.R. 8201 (Dellums) : Bureaucratic Ac FOOD STAMPS countabillty Act. DISTRICT OF COL'tJ'll,tBIA H.R. 6417 (Richmond): Food Stamp Pro H.R. 8388 (Kastenmeler): Code of account H.J. Res. 432 (Fauntroy): Full District of gram improvements. ability and liability for Government officials Columbia representation in Congress. (House H.R. 7695 (Harrington): Prohibits cuts In engaged in making and implementing na vote pending.) food stamps because of increases in monthly tional security policy. (Courts, Civil Liberties H.R. 13467: (Rees): D.C. Pension reforms. Social Security payments. and Admlnlstrative Justice Subcommittee DRUGS H.R. 12044 (Cornell): Reforms welfare. hearings held.) H.R. 5170 (Koch): Recall of unsafe drugs. food stamp programs. H.R. 9201 (Carr): Prohibits Secretary of H.R. 6108 (Koch) : Decrfmfnaltzation of H.R. 12105 (Richmond) : Prohibits new food State from holding position of Assistant to marijuana. stamp regulations from taking effect until the President for National Security Affairs. EDUCATION Congress ~nacts new legislation. H.R. 10853 (Cornell): Prohibits Congres H.R. 349 (Dellums): Grants to the Degana H. Res. 45 (Peyser): Rescinds Admin1stra sional appointments to service academies. widah-Quetzalcoatl University. tion's Food Stamp regulations. (Enacted as H.R. 11338 (Simon): Requires arms con H.R. 2600 (Meeds): Comprehensive school P.L. 94-4.) trol tmpact reports for international nu health programs. FOREIGN AFFAIRS clear materials transfers. H.R. 8584 (M1ller of Cal1!.) : Authorizes H.R. 350 (Dellums): Indochina Peace H.R. 11786 (James V. Stanton): Estab nutrition education projects and programs. lishes position of Special Assistant to the Pledge Legislation. EMPLOYJ4ENT H.R. 1845 (Fraser) : Rhodesian chrome 1m• President for National Security Affairs. H.R. 12292 (Rosenthal): Establishes an in H.R. 345 (Dellums): El1.J:nlnates employ port ban. (Falled in House.) ment d1.scrim1nation on the basis of military H.R. 2438 (Findley) : Development of land dependent visa and naturalization agency. c:Uscha.rge status. grant type universities in developing natl<>ns. H.R. 12315 (Ketchum): Benefits for state meat and poultry inspectors. H.R. 346 (Dellums): Extends Age Discrim H.R. 5162 (Drinan) : Requires submission H. Con. Res. 138 (Mitchell of Md.): Ap ination Act to states. of reports to Congress on exports of arms and preciation to Frank Wills. H.R. 1609 (Hawkins): Full Employment ammunition. Act. H.R. 6632 (Drlnan): Increases Congres H. Res. 106 (Holtzman): Directs the Pres H.R. 2394 (Riegle) : Puts price stability as ident to provide Information on CIA activi sional oversight of foreign military arms ties to the House Committee on the Judi the goal of 1946 Employment Act. sales. H.R. 6730 (Riegle): Unemployment com ciary. H.R. 6937 (Fauntroy) : U.S. participation H.J. Res. 959 (Badillo): Establish Office pensation program extension. in African Development Fund. ('Banldng H.R. 8567 (Burke of Cal1!.): Establishes of Hispanic Mairs in various executive currency and Housing Subcommittee hear agencies. service programs for displaced pomemakers. ings held.) H.R. 11503 (Sullivan): Provides for loans HEALTH H.R. 7223 (Diggs): Bans transfer of nu H.R. 4155 (Fraser): Establishes emergency to finance urgently needed state and local clear materials to countries which have not public fac1lities. health benefits program for the unemployed. ratlfied nuclear non-proliferation treaty. (Health and Environment Subcommittee H.R. 12437 (Perkins): Opportunities and H.R. 9462 (DeLugo): Virgin Islands Con Industrlallzation centers job creation and hearings held; markup completed.) training act. stitution. (Passed the House; pending in H.R. 5265 (Mitchell of Md.): Establishes Senate Interior and Insular A1fairs Commit ENERGY controls on the use of vitiligo. tee.) H.R. 1768 (Green): Suspends power of the H.R. 7345 (Pepper): Aid for graduate pro H.R. 10236 (Bingham) : Repeals embargo grams in geriatrics and gerontology. President to raise all ta.r11fs. (Passed Con on U.S. trade with North and South Viet gress; vetoed.) H.R. 7364 (Koch): Assistance for geriatrics H.R. 6870 (Fish) : Halts nuclear power nam. schools and departments. H.R. 11012 (Fish) : Provides for refusal of H.R. 7367 (Koch) : Continuing education plant license grants. nonlmmigrant visas in some instances. H.R. 8943 (Harrington) : Prohibits oil com al grants for geriatrics programs. H.C. Res. 191 (John Burton): Cuts off H.R. 7375 (Koch): Paramedical educa pany control of alternative energy sources. military aid to South Vietnam and Cam H.R. 9181 (McCormack): Promotes electric tion assistance. bodia. H.R. 12132 (Fauntroy) : Extends for one vehicle studies. H.C. Res. 356 (Bingham) : Disapproval of H.R. 10824 (Drinan) : 011 import fee pre year the District of Columbia Medical and proposed sales to Jordan of Hawk misslle and Dental Manpower Act. (Awaiting presiden servation and consumer distribution. tial signature.) H.R. 11768 (Allen) : Permits electric utility Vulcan anti-aircraft systems. H. Con. Res. 449 (Fraser): Calls for self lifeline rates (Commerce Subcommittee H.C. Res. 414 (Zablocki): Proposes inter national treaty to ban lethal chemical wea help aid increase to persons receiving inade hearings held.) quate nutrition. H.R. 12090 (Fraser) : Divestiture of oil in pons. terests in pipeline transportation. H.J. Res. 535 (Ottinger) : Renounces the HOLIDAYS first use of nuclear weapons. (Subcommittee H. Res. 1057 (Scheuer): Investigation of H.R. 1810 (Conyers): Designates the birth Transportation Secretary Coleman's Con hearings held) day of Martin Luther King, Jr. as a legal corde decision. H. Res. 28 (Gude): Seeks agreement with public holiday. U.N. members on prohibition of weather ENVIRONMENT H.J. Res. 636 (Byron): Designated Sept. modlfication activity as a weapon of war. 14, 1975 as "National Saint Elizabeth Seton H.R. 3246 (Jeffords): Returnable Beverage (International Organizations Subcommittee Day." (Enacted as Public Law 9~95.) Container Act. (Interstate and Foreign Com hearings held.) H.R. 692 (Myers of Ind.): Designates week merce Subcommittee hearings held.) H. ~ Res. 536 (Harrington): Directs the of Thanksgiving "National Family week." H.R. 4328 (Rogers): Ozone Protection Act. Secretary of State to furnish ln!ormatlon to H.R. 4386 (Brown of C~lif.): Strengthen• the House of Representatives concemlng the HOUSING ing of Clean Air Act. (House vote p_endlng.) Mayaguez incident. (Full International Re H.R. 344 (Dellums): Defrays mortgage pay H.R. 8778 (Foley): Humane ·tl:eatment of lations Com.mittee hear~gs held.) ments for the tem.po:raruy unemployed. (En certain animals. (Passed House.) · H. Con Res. 356 (Bingham): Disapproves acted as Public Law 9~50.) H.R. 9218 (Fraser) : Enviro~ental Health proposed sale of Hawk mlsstles and Vulcan H.R. 6240 (l4it~hell of Md.) : Building of Act. anti-aircra::ft systems to Jordan. three mUllan. low incot;ne homes. CXXII--1048-Part 13 16626 H.R. 8095 (Ashley): Provides emergency H.R. 6883 (Miller of Calif.): Enlarges Se- H.R. 7372 (Koch): Veteran training for housing assistance. quota. National Park. paramedical programs in nursing homes. H.R. 9526 (Badillo) : Establishes pilot H.R. 6898 (Bell): Santa. Monica. Moun- H.R. 7378 (Koch): In-home care for elderly homestead programs in selected cities. ta.ins and Seashore National Park. individuals. H.R. 12658 (Stokes): Repair program for H.R. 7631 (Phillip Burton): Enlarges Red- H.R. 7384 (Koch): Training grants for urban dwellings. wood National Park. nurse practitioners to provide primary health H.R. 12699 (Stokes): V.A. program of aid H.R. 7819 (Krebs) : Land use study of care in nursing homes. for repair of urban dwellings. Kaiser Ridge in the Sierra National Forest. H.R. 7385 (Koch): Demonstration projects LABOR (Subcommittee on Public Lands hearings for elderly care. H.R. 5023 (Mitchell of Md.): Collective held.) H.R. 7388 (Koch) : Full disclosure of bargaining for postal employees. (Subcom H.R. 10753 (Seiberling): Prohibits incom- ownership interests of nursing homes. mittee hearings started.) pa.tlble activities within any area. of the na.- H.R. 7391 {Koch): Improved audits of H.R. 5042 (Phillip Burton): Strikes on con tiona.l park system. (Similar S. 2371 reported nursing homes. from Interior Committee.) H.J. Res. 970 (Downey): White House con- struction sites. ference on aging. H.R. 7348 (Pepper): Prevents fining of H.R. 13280 (Krebs): Adding Mineral King H. Res. 493 (Koch): Action plan on nurs- employees for giving Congressional testi to Sequoia Nat. Park. . ing homes. mony. H.J. Res. 154 (Dingell): Establishment of SOCIAL SECURITY H.R. 7552 (Clay): Equal treatment of craft the Tule Elk National Wildlife Refuge. (Full H.R. (Burke of Mass.): Social Secur- and industrial workers. (Passed Congress; Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee 3149 vetoed by President.) hearings.) ity rate changes.. . H.R. 8612 (Charles H. Wilson of Calif.): SENIOR CITIZENS H.R. 3765 (Collins of ill.): Provides cancer tests under Medicare. Establishes postal arbitration board. H.R. 2396 (Riegle): Food Allowance for H.R. 6333 (Koch): Cost-of-living increases H.R. 10490 (Harris) : Ellmina.tes Presi dential authority to offer alternative com Older Americans Act. in Social Security benefits. parability pay plans for federal employees. H.R. 3601 (Mitchell of Md.): Provides for H.R. 6769 (Holtzman): Cost-of-living and H.R. 13743 (Ryan) : Prohibition of con monthly consumer price indexing for older other benefit increases. · Americans. H.R. 6934 (Burke of Mass.): Allows blind tractors firing strikers. H.R. 13744 (Ryan) : Establishes fact-find H.R. 7255 (Pepper): Tax changes for nurs- to receive disa.b111ty benefits. ing panels in strikes involving government ing home expenses. H.R. 7138 (Ottinger): Special housing a.l~ H.R. 7258 (Pepper): Assistance for pro- lowance for Social Security insurance. contractors. vision of long-term care 1n rural areas. H.R. 7252 (Pepper): Intermediate care LEGAL SERVICES/COURT REFORM H.R. 7261 (Pepper): Social Security funds services under Medicare. H.R. 2986 (Conyers): Grand Jury reform. for nursing homes. H.R. 7696 (Harrington) : No cut in Social H.R. 8742 (Drina.n): Provides reasonable H.R. 7264 (Pepper): Required MD visits to Security insurance because of Social Secur- attorney fees in civil and constitutional nursing homes. tty increases. rights litigation. (Courts, Civil Liberties and H.R. 7267 (Pepper): Twenty-four hour H.R. 11148 (Abzug): Increases Social Se- Administrative Justice Subcommittee hear professional care in nursing homes. curlty reimbursements to states. ings held.) H.R. 7270 (Pepper): Handling of medica.- H.R. 11863 (Bedell): Increases Social Se- H.R. 8743 (Drina.n): Provides recovery of tion in nursing homes. curlty base rate to $28,500. attorney fees as part of costs in certain civil H.R. 7273 (Pepper): Medical directors for SPORTs action. (Courts, Civil Liberties and Adminis nursing homes. H.R. 347 (Dellums): Athletic Safety Act . trative Justice Subcommittee hearings held.) . H.R. 7276 (Pepper): Staff ratios in nursing H.R. 348 (Dellums): Athletic Care Act. _ H.R. 10303 (Koch): Government payment homes. H.R. 2355 (Selberllng): Protects the civil of attorney fees to accused when not con H.R. 7279 (Pepper): Social services in and constitutional rights of professional a.th- victed. H.R. 13658 (Dellums): Bi-lingual court nurstng homes. · _letes. (Commerce, Consumer and Monetary proceedings in U.S. District Courts. H.R. 7282 (Pepper): Admissions contracts Affairs Subcommittee hea.rtngs held.) for nursing homes. · TAXES MILITARY AFFAIRS H.R. 7285 (Pepper): Safety provisions in H.R. 1040 (Corman)!' Tax Equity Act. H.R. 1820 (Dellums) : Establishes the Office nursing homes. H.R. 3447 (Mitchell of Md.): Tax exemp~ of Assistant Secretary of Defense for Equal H.R. 7288 (Pepper): Requirements for tlon for the handicapped. Opportunity. nursing homes. · H.R. 4195 (Litton): Restricts use of income H.R. 2964 (Bennett): Regulate discharge H.R. 7291 (Pepper): Reporting of diseases tax returns. certificate issuance. in nursing homes. H.R. 4897 (Dellums): World Peace Tax H.R. 4220 (Moss): Jerry L. Pettis Memorial H.R. 7294 (Pepper): Procedures for nurs- Fund. Veterans' Hospital. ing home state plans. H.R. 6229 (Drina.n): Denies tax deductions H.R. 5413 (Ottinger): Prohibits production H R 7 2 97 ( for oil company ads. of binary nerve gas. ho~e~. Pepper): Ratings of nursing H.R. 9061 (Whitehurst): Allows deduction H.R. 5894 (Fraser): Increase in veterans' H.R. 7300 (Pepper): Nursing home om~ for public utlllty taxes. educational assistance. (Subcommittee hear budsman program. H .R. 10086 (Moa.kley): Tax Justice Act. ings completed, bill reported to committee.) H.R. 6261 (Holt): Assistance to states for H.R. 7303 (Pepper): Inspector General for TRANSPORTATION veterans cemeteries. Health Administration. H.R. 2149 (Ka.rth): Terminates airlines H.R. 6890 (Schroeder): Alternative Defense H.R. 7306 (Pepper) : No fees for referrals mutual aid agreement. Authorization Bill. to nursing homes. WOMEN'S RIGHTS H .R. 7225 (Drlnan) : Repeals Selective Serv H.R. 7309 (Pepper): Controls for safety of H.R. 9013 (Wolff): Permits women ad- ice Act. nursing homes. mission to the Coast Guard Academy. (Sub- H.R. 7848 (Hicks): Military Health Care H.R. 7312 (Pepper): Outlaws bribe as committee hearings started.) Program amendments. means of getting in nursing-homes. H.R. 9061 (Adams): Credits women's serv- H .R. 14020 (Dellums): Requires Defense H.R. 7315 (Pepper): Standards for long- i~e . ln telephone operating unit of U.S. Signal Department to retain civilian employment term care facility personnel. · Corps. . whenever possible. H.R. 7318 (Pepper): Nursing home pay~ · H. Con. Res. 3(}1 (Fraser): International PENAL REFORM ment form changes. Women's Year. (Passed the House.) H.R. 7321 (Pepper): Increased federal in- H.J. Res. 212 (Burke of Calif.): Study of H.R. 2803 (Dellums): Omnibus Penal Re spection of nursing homes. the local, state and federal criminal justice form Act. . H.R. 7324 (Pepper): . Increased federal _systems as they a.ffec~ wo~en. H.R. 3603 (Mitchell of Md.): Limits use of funding of nursing home audits. prison inmates for medical research. (Courts, H.R. 7327 (Pepper): Inspections of nurs Civil Liberties and Ad.m.inistra.tive Justice ing homes. RECOGNITION OF THE NATIONAL Subcommittee hearings held.) H.R. 1689 (Ba.dillo): Prisoners' rights. H.R. 7330 (Pepper): Class action suit for SOCIETY DAUGHTERS OF THE nursing home patients. BARONS OF RUNNYMEDE PUBLIC LANDS H.R. 7333 (Pepper) : Financial incentives H.R. 2241 (Pettis): Establishes conserva for nursing homes. tion area in California desert. H.R. 7336 (Pepper) : Construction loans HON. ELFORD A. CEDERBERG H.R. 2620 (Stark) : Feasibility of Ridge for non-profit nursing homes. OF MICHIGAN lands Park area. H.R. 7339 (Pepper): Nursing homes in mi H.R. 3510 (Udall): Land use planning. nority areas. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (Tabled by the Interior and Insular Affairs H.R. 7342 (Pepper): Aid to repair and ren Thursday, June 3, 1976 Committee.) ovate nursing homes. H .R. 6637 (O'Neill): Disposal of surplus H.R. 7357 (Koch) : National Home Health Mr. CEDERBERG.' Mr. Speaker, the government property. (Government Activities Care Act. United States certai:rly must express its and Transportation Subcommittee hearings H .R. 7361 (Koch): In-service training of gratitude to the British people for their held.) nursing home personnel. generous Bicentennial gifts. Tile golden EXTENSIONS ~F REMARKS 16627 replica and the loan of the time-honored group that remembers these individuals 200 years ago, when Benjamin Franklin copy of the Magna Carta form a magnif who had the courage to stand up to King arrived in France to become our ambassador John. This group, . known as the Na there, he wrote to a friend 1n America and icent tribute to the American Bicenten noted, " 'Tis a common observation here that nial celebration. In expressing our tional Society of the Daughters of the our cause is the cause of all mankind, and gratitude it is important that we not Barons of Runnymede, traces its ances tha-t we are fighting for their liberty in de overlook an American organization of try back to those gallant men. The Na fending ours." women, whose ancestors played a large tional Society of the Daughters of the 200 years later, our cause is still the cause role in the history of the original docu· Barons of Runnymede helps maintain of all mankind--or at least of all free men ment. the rich heritage of Anglo-American re and we are still fighting for their liberty in Historians still dispute over the exact lations. In extending our thanks to the defending ours. If we were to let fall the British people for their generosity 1n banner of freedom and liberty, who would location of the original location· of the pick it up?-No other nation is capable. signing of the Magna Carta. Some main· extending these precious gifts, we also So, on our shoulders rests the weight and tain that the signing occUlTed on a recognize the descendants of the orig· honor of leadership in the defense of liberty. grassy bank overlooking the Thames inal 25 Sm·eties, or th~ National Society The burden is great-as it always has been River, called Runnymede. Others con· of the Daughters of the Barons of Run· but if we fail or falter, then the cause of free tend that the actual signing took place nymede, for the role that their ancestors dom would soon be in jeopardy. on an island out in the Thames River. played in the history of the Magna The only thing necessary for the triumph Carta. of evil-and the loss of liberty-is for good There is little debate however, over the men to do nothing. I think that many of date and the circumstances involved in you in the audience today remember what this document. POLISH CONSTITUTION DAY happened less than 80 years ago when the In 12i5, King John of England was good men of the west were unable to do faced with the rebellion of many of the anything in the defense of Poland. In this English barons. When these barons HON. JOSHUA EILBERG nation today, there are far too many good marched on London, King John was OF PENNSYLVANIA men doing nothing. There is a mood of forced to compromise with these feudal IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES complacency; a feeling that we no longer have to work and fight to maintain what we lords. King John met the barons on the Thursday, June 3, 1976 have and what we are. outskirts of London and attempted a Mr. En..BERG. Mr. Speaker, on Sun It is well that we recall now-on the com compromise. This compromise became memoration of the 185th anniversary of the the Magna Carta, or Great Charter. day, May 2, 1976, I was privileged to formation and adoption of the Polish con The Magna Carta was an attempt to attend the Polish Constitution Day stitution of May 3rd, 1791-some of the his outline the specific powers granted to gathering held at Independence Mall in tory and tradition that underscores Poland's the King of England in feudalistic Philadelphia. The occasion of this festive and the Polish people's contribution to the meeting was the !85th Anniversary Com cause of liberty. - society. This document force-.l the King In earlier centuries and up to about 1700, to consult the Great Council about any memorative Exercise and Polish-Ameri can Youth Day. The program was Poland was a leading country on the con increases in taxation, authorized the tinent of Europe. But its fortunes gradually right of all free men to hav~ a trial by sponsored by the Polish American Con declined-the other surrounding countries a jury of their peers, and made King gress and the main speaker was Brig. were monarchies--they were imperialistic John responsible to the laws of the land. Gen. Felix J. Zaniewski. General Zani so these external forces aided the gradual The Magna Carta represents one of the ewski spoke eloquently of both his per ;decline of Poland. sonal and the general experience of being Despite this gradual and continual decline, first attempts to limit a monarchy in the constitution of May 3 was adopted to European history. a Polish-American and in serving the causes of liberty throughout the world. stem the tide to decline and to attempt tore Included in the Magna Carta, in what build the fortunes of the country. This con has come to be known as section IX, this His remarks are most appropriate dw·ing stitution played a significant role in Poland's document called for the naming of 25 this year of our Bicentennial and at this history from that day on. As an example, at Sureties. These Sureties were to be chos· time I enter them into the RECORD: the time, General Thaddeus Kosciousko gave en from the Barons of England and were SPEECH BY BRIG. GEN. FELIX J. ZANIEWSKI the peasants full civil rights, which included Mr. Chairman, Councilman Zazyczny, owning thier own land. And, some 40 and 70 to see to the enforcement of the charter. years later, in 1830 and 1860, the patriots Anything done by tlie King or his members of the Polish-American Congress, ad friends, guests, Polish-American youth, and who fought against Poland's enemies and in ministratoi·s in violation of the charter, fellow Polish Americans: the uprisings, were fighting for a new Po the Sureties would meet and decide on Czuje Sie Wielce Zaszczycony Zaproszeniem land-the constitution of 1791 was their sym a suitable recourse. These Sureties were: by W. Okresle Dwuch-Setlecia. Naszego kraju, bol-their banner. After the First World William d'Albini-Lord of Belvoir Cas· wyra.zic uczucia w Tej Dorocznej Uroczystoscl War, Poland regained its independence and tle; Roger Bigod-Earl of Norfolk and Obchodu Konstytucji Trzeciego Maja. that constitution of 1791 was the foundation It's a great privilege and honor for me to of the new political order. Suffolk; Hugh Bigod-the Earl of Nor Two important factors played significant folk's heir; Henry de Bohum-Earl of speak to you toda-y at this ha_llowed place ..• hallowed by its location in Independence roles in the 1791 constitution. First, it was Hertford; Richard de Clare-Earl ,f Hall-the symbol of liberty and freedom ..• influenced by the American Revolution and Hertford; Gilbert de Clare-Earl of Hert· hallowed by the day we celebrate--the 185th the Declaration of Independence. Second, it ford's heir; John Fitz Rober~Lord of anniversary of the adoption of the· Constitu was inspired and partially authored by Poles Warkworth Castle; William De Forti tion of the third of May, 1791 ... hallowed whose desire was to improve the position of bus-Earl of Albemarle; Robert Fitz by the presence and participation of our the peasant and to unify the country from Walter-Lord of Dunmow Castle; Wil Polish-American youth of greater Philadel within. This unity has been revived from liam de Hardell-Mayor of London; Wil phia, and hallowed most of all by your time to time, especially during the period presence. between World War I and World War IT liam de Huntingfield-a feudal baron; Patriots, citizens ... representing two he and the unity is seen today. John de Lacie-Lord of Halton Castle; roic nations with a tradition of freedom And, so, we commemorate again the adop William de Lanvalli-Lord of Stanway the United States and Poland. I might add tion of the constitution of 1791-as Polish Castle; William Malet--sherifi of Somer that, as a lawyer, thfs particular weekend Americans do each year around the country, set; Geoffrey de Mandeville-Earl of means something additional to me, since yes and the world, to commemorate that hope Essex; William Marshall-the Earl of terday was designated "Law Day, USA" by ful time in Poland's history when all eyes Pembroke's heir; Roger de Montbegon the President and Congress-to remind us of and hearts looked to freedom and democ the importance that law has played in our racy-a time of hope, desire and enlight Lord of Horneby Castle; Richard de lives as free citizens as we celebrate our Na enment. The constitution of 1791 was to be Montfiche~a feudal baron; William je tion's Bicentennial. the guiding light, and even today, it keeps Mowbray-Lord of Axholme Castle; As I tried to weave these separate threads alive that fire of unity which has burned for Richard de Percy-a feudal baron, Sr..ire constitution and law day-Poland and the 185 years. de Quincey-Earl of Winchester; Robert United States-the Bicentennial Year and I am proud to share this day and time de Roos-Lord of Hamlake Castle; Geof Polish American patriotism-into some co with you. There are those who try to hide frey de Say-a feudal baron; Robert herent pattern, it struck me that there was or deny thier ethnic background. They ob one . . . and that the common thread was ject to references to the fact that they are de Vere-the Earl of Oxford's heir; Eus liberty. A topic that we are all concerned Pol·es, ·or GermanS, or Italians, and such. But tace de Vesci-Lord of Alnwick Castle. with and one which I, as a member of the this country of ours was formed and molded These men were responsible for· the en armed forces with a special obligation to and developed by people such as these. All forcement of the great charter. protect that liberty, might be able to dis of us here have either come from other coun ·Today in the United States, there is a cuss with some degree of competency. tries or our parents or grandparents have. 16628 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 3, 1976 We are all Americans, but we all have come teachers in New Amsterdam, John Rutkow and prosperity of the Poles. Even Calvln from varied ethnic backgrounds. Personally, ski and Caslmlr Butkiewicz. Wojciec.h Adam Coolidge admitted once that it took the I feel a sense of pride when people say to kiewicz was a successful builder, and, as I Polish lmmlgrants to show the Yankees how me: "Your name indicates that you are a mentioned, Marcin Krygier was elected co to tm the soil. Pole." Or, when people ask, "What kind of burgomaster of New Amsterdam. The reaction of the Polish-Americans in name is that?" I say: "It's Polish." It doesn't Polish pioneers participated in the French World War I was truly remarkable. Of the occur to me to object to being described as and Indian wars. Their names are on record. first 100,000 men to volunteer, about 40,COO a Pole. I feel quite proud when people rec Charles Blaszkowicz, a surveyor, surveyed were Poles. In the Nation at that time four ognize .that I am a Pole because the Poles the coast of New England and drew the first percent of the population were Poles, but in this country of ours enjoy an excellent map of this territory. Two of his maps are twelve percent of those who died for their reputation as citizens and individuals. in the British Museum in London. country were of Polish descent. Politically, Poles have been deeply con A number of Poles assisted in our fight Many, many, in fact over 900,000, Polish cerned with our democratic process. They for freedom in the Revolution. At least a Americans were involved in World War II. have been involved in politics since the early thousand names of unmistakably Polish Five of them rose to the rank of Genernl and days of this country-captain Marcin Krygier origin are listed in the muster roles of the the list of those who were recognized and was elected co-burgomaster of New Amster Continental Army. The contributions of two decorated for bravery and valor is long in dam in 1653. He served a second term in 1655, especially have been recorded indelibly in deed. I and was elected again in 1661. In 1662, 01- the history of this great Nation. In Korea and Vietnam, Polish-Americans bracht Zaborowski was the first justice of Thaddeus Kosciousko, born February 12, have done their share. As history has re the peace for upper Bergen County, New Jer 1746. It is impossible to evaluate his share corded, the love of democracy and freedom, sey. And, today, we have many elected of in the br1lliant victory of the American forces pride in their country and strong sense of ficials in Federal, State and city offices around near Saratoga, on the upper Hudson River duty has made Polish-Americans always wm the country. Poles have also been deeply in on October 17, 1777. Kosciousko's choice of ing to contribute their share, even to laying volved as voters. To us, the. democratic proc battlefields and his fortifications made a down their lives for our country. ess is a way of life-Poles truly understand noteworthy contribution to this victory. No recitation of the great Poles or Polish the meaning and value of liberty. Woodrow Wilson, in his "History of the Americans would be complete in this audi Socially, Poles are examples of sound and American People," said: ence of "Lotnikow Polskich" (Polish Air close knit families. The father is respected. "It was the gallant Polish patriot, Thad Force pilots) without reference to the mem The mother is revered and the children are deus Kosciousko, who had shown General ory of Second Lieutenant Joseph Raymond taught honor, loyalty, dignity and integrity. Gates how to entrench himself upon Bemis Sarnoski, a Congressional Medal of Honor In economics, the Poles have contributed Heights." winner, who was killed in action in the much to industry, commerce and agriculture The Battle of Saratoga is considered the Solomon Islands on June 16, 1943. Although in this country. One of the best recognized turning point of the American Revolution. not regularly scheduled to fiy on that day, characteristics of a Pole is his ability and Kosciousko undertook the building of Lieutenant Sarnoski volunteered for the will1ngness to work hard. fortifications at West Point--the location to mission. His citation reads in part as fol I Morally, Poles are honest and God-fearing. day of the United States M1lltary Academy. lows--"When the mission was nearly com Polish-Americans seldom appear in the di While there, he planted a fiower garden in a pleted, about twenty enemy fighters inter vorce columns or in crime and juvenile delin secluded spot where he spent his spare mo cepted. At the nose guns, Lieutenant Sar quency statistics. For us and our famil1es, it ments. To this day it is known as "Kos noskl fought ofi' the first attackers, making is considered a disgrace to be involved in any ciousko's garden"-it is a part of the lore of it possible for the pilot to finish the plotted thing 1llegal or immoral or unethical. the corps of cadets. course. When a coordinated frontal attack by We Poles are a close knit people, we gather He is considered the founder of West Point. the enemy extensively damaged his bomber, together-we like to retain the old Polish When it was first resolved to found a train and seriously injured five of the crew, Lieu customs and traditions, we like to speak our ing school for young men, Kosctousko urged tenant Sarnoski, though wounded, continued native language. And, those famous old Po that it should be placed at West Point. For firing and shot down two enemy planes. A will lish recipes and cooking never be for his record with our forces, Congress awarded 20-mm. shell which burst in the nose of the gotten because they are handed down from him the privilege of American citizenship, an bomber knocked him into the catwalk under mother to daughter. annual pension and the rank of brigadier the cockpit. With indomitable fighting spirit, We are deeply religious. We consider edu general, which he retained in the Polish he crawled back to his post and kept on fir cation an absolute necessity and have a high service. ing until he collapsed on his guns. Lieu regard for talent. Casimir Pulaski, too, is recorded in history. tenant Sarnoski, by resolute defense of his We like to sing and dance. We love our Count Caslmlr Pulaski, a Polish patriot and aircraft at the price of hfs ltfe, made possible native polka music and dance to it with light revolutionary soldier, was the most romantic the completion of a vitally important mis hearts and light feet. And, we shed a tear and professionally the most prominent. He sion!' when we sing "Boze Cos Polske." came to the United States under the auspices And, so, I'm proud of my own Polish back of Dr. Franklin from Paris. Recognized for A contemporary Polish-American aviator is the top ranking living ace of all wars- ground because of the kind of people we are. his brilliance With the cavalry, he gave John Colonel Francis Stanley Gabreski, of Oil City, And I'm proud that you asked me to be here Hancock plans for the organization of a corps of volunteers. Pulaski was the first cavalry Pennsylvania. He knocked out 31 enemy with you today. planes in Europe before he was shot down on But, there is another reason why I am officer of the Republic and had been called "father of the American cavalry." July 20, 1944, and held prisoner of war until proud of my Polish background-and we all May 1945. During the Korean action, he should be proud-this is because we Polish In September 1777, because of his prior Americans can point with pride to the ac heroic and outstanding service, particularly brought down another six and a half for a his actions at Brandywine, the Congress total of thirty-seven and a hal!. Some of you complishments of Polish-Americans in the recall him as the liaison officer to the Polish history of our nation. The part they played in awarded Count Pulaski the rank of Brig Air Force in England !rom November 1942 the development and the progress of this adier General and command of all the American Cavalry forces. In 1779, rushing to to February 1943. great country of ours. It surprises me some Parenthetically, three of us Polish-Ameri what that many of us are not aware of the the aid of American forces near Savannah, he was mortally wounded. He is remembered cans serve as general officers within the Air contributions that Polish-Americans have Force today: Major General Edmund Rafalko made in all facets of American life and ex till this day by impressive parades each year perience. in our larger cities, monuments erected to of Stoughton, Mass., the Commander of the For instance, there is some basis for the his memory, counties and cities named after Oklahoma Air Logistics Center; Brigadier him. General Selectee John L. Piotrowski, of belle! that one of Columbus' crew was a Pole. Detroit, Mich., Vice Commander of the It has been written that the name of this The contribution of the Poles is legion. During the Civil War, they served in the Keesler Technical Training Center, Missis sa.ilor was Francis Warnodowicz. sippi, and I. Two years ago, I succeeded Brig Authenticated history reveals that Polish Union and Confederate armies. According to official records, Captain Thaddeus Strawinskl adier General Joseph E. Krysakowski of settlers came to Virginia and settled in 1608. Bridgeport, Connecticut, as Staff Judge Ad This was twelve years before the Pilgrims was the first Confederate casualty. The first vocate of Strategic Air Command when he re landed at Plymouth Rock. By the time the Union officer to die was Capt. Constantine tired. It could well be that major John Gra Pilgrims arrived, Poles had cleared land, built Blandowskt. Vladimir Krzyzanowski, first blewsk.l of Philadelphia might be an even cabins and had dug wells. cousin of Frederick Chopin, recruited a tual successor to my job. Captain John Smith, who settled James regiment among all Poles of the Union. His Poles have played important roles in other town, reported in his writings that his life regiment fought many battles and he was areas besides the ml11tary. Polish-Americans was saved on one occasion by two Poles when honorably discharged in Nashville, Tennes have become prominent in the professions, he was ambushed by Indians. see. On October 1, 1885, at the time of the as physicians and lawyers, surgeons, etc. Polish settlers drifted to New Amsterdam Civil War, there were 30,000 Polish-Ameri There are educators, publishers, authors, at the tip of Manhattan Island. One was cans. Seven thousand of them were in the engineers, composers, diplomats, poets and Daniel Litscho, who participated in Gov military service. historians. ernor Stuyvesant's expedition against the Polish peasant pioneers established a great Casimir Funk, a Polish-Am.e1·ican, dis Swedes on the Delaware River. He was an reputation also. The New Englanders of the covered vitamins. infiuential burger and also the fire inspector Connecticut Valley speak in terms of high Stanislaw Vlam and Emil Konopenski were in New Amsterdam. There were Polish est praise of the industry-efficiency, thrift atomic scientists. They worked with Edward June 3, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16629 Teller on the development of the atomic and OUter Continental Shelf bill (H.R. 6218), and the Department of State which at hydrogen bombs. which we are scheduled to take up to test to the health of our domestic oil rig Ignace Paderewskl was not only a world morrow. industry and point out the dangers for famous pianist, but a great diplomat. He gave 167 recitals in his first American tour of six The facts show that such an amend this industry and other export industries m onths. In March, 1902, he filled Carnegie ment is completely unneeded and would and workers if a "buy national" amend Hall and the Metropolitan Opera House. His result in far more harm than good for ment for the OCS is adopted. fame reached every land. He gave a benefit Amelican workers and companies. I urge As the ad hoc committee has pointed performance to raise money for a reminder my colleagues to take a very critical look out to us, there has been a good deal of of George Washington's inauguration in New at this amendment. When this is done, "slippage" in the expected pace of oil York. The white marble arch that spans the I feel sw·e that Members will not want drilling on the OCS and around the entrance to Washington Square Park at the world. One result has been something of foot of Fifth Avenue is the result. His charity to give the approval of the House to such was known all over-unemployed musicians, a proposal. a surplus of completed offsho.re drilling veterans, American Legion !und and disabled As I see it, the issue for the futw·e of rigs. However, the surplus is expected to veterans. He is buried in Arlington, along the oil rig industry in this country is not end soon, as offshore drilling on the OCS, with Vladimir Krzyzanowski. Both of these whether we can guarantee that every in the North Sea, and elsewhere around men were related to Frederick Chopin. single OCS oil rig is American-made, the world picks up. See Business Week Leopold Stokowskl and Artur Rodzenskl but rather whether we can maintain for article below, "The Oil Business Bubbles are well-known symphony conductors. ourselves a healthy share of the strong Again." John Gronouskl distinguished himself as future market for offshore oil rigs around Supporters of a "buy national" OCS postmaster general and U.S. Ambassador to amendment are arguing that other coun Poland. the world. Much of this market will lie I could go on and on. In sports, there are in foreign offshore areas. tries have already taken steps to insure too many to mention. Carl Yastremskl, Stan Because of our technological superior that offshore development on their coasts Musial are only two of hundreds. ity in this :field and the productivity of is carried out by their own nation's rigs In college football, "all American honors" American :firms and workers, all fore and crews. Quite the contrary is true. have been pinned on one or more Americans casts indicate that we will be able to do Although the United Kingdom in of Polish descent almost every year since this and that there may be more rather tended to require the use of domestically 1927. Americans of Polish origin began to produced equipment in offshore oil and climb up the ladder of sports, to such an than fewer American jobs involved. extent that at one point the ''Fighting Irish" However, it is certain that we will not gas development, those provisions of the of Notre Dame had so many players wlth be able to achieve this goal if we provoke United Kingdom's submarine pipelines Polish names that Knute Rockne was asked foreign countries into their own "buy bill which would have given such a re how he picked his players. "It's a cinch," he national" legislation for offshore drill quirement the force of law were reWI·it answered with a grin, "when I can't pro ing. The oil rig industry and its workers ten before the bill was passed by Parlia nounce 'em, they're good." have far more to lose than gain by an ment. Currently the only inducement to All these people gained fame in all fields OCS "buy national" amendment. "Buy British" is in the Offshore Opera of endeavor. They have brought tremendous tors Agreement, which calls on firms op credit to all of us Polish-Americans. But Further, since trade restrictions have there are many whose names are not in a tendency to spill over from one area erating in British offshore areas to insure sctibed on the face of history. Those who of trade to another, retaliation against that British firms have a "full and fair'' came to this country as immigrants-who other U.S. exports and escalating trade opportunity to compete for business in had to adjust to new situations-far differ restrictions in the world economy could the offshore equipment market. ent from their previous patterns. They were well result from creation of this kind of In other areas around the world, op lonely, and separated and sometimes they trade restriction by the world's richest position to foreign involvement-U.S. in despaired. But wtth their tenacity, moral country. The victims here would be those volvement-in oil and gas production is and physical strength, they overcame many easing. In the face of the prevailing high obstacles. workers and companies connected with I speak of the Poles who fm·nished the our $108 billion in annual export oil prices, Brazil, Argentina, Norway manpower of this country-in the mines, the business. north of 62 degree latitude, which was to foundaries-my own father was an iron and As we have learned the hard way, good be developed solely by Staton, the Nor brass-molder-on the farms. They are the and patriotic sounding proposals are not wegian national oil company-Australia carpenters, mechanics, those who worked in always what they seem to be. It is a little and others including the Democratic Re the stockyards. They also made great contri hard to judge the actual merits of a "buy public of Vietnam have or are expected butions to this country. Polish-Americans to ease restrictions on foreign involve such as you who sit here. national" OCS amendment, since the These are the backbone of the country amendment has not been given any con ment in their respective offshore areas. the doers. These Polish-Americans deserve sideration at all by the ad hoc Select Supporters of a "buy national" amend our utmost respect. OCS Committee or by any other commit ment have also circulated some figures So, I am proud of my heritage, my ethnic tee of the House. For this reason alone, it which purport to show that oil rig orders background, my predecessors. And we should should not be approved by the House. at U.S. shipyards have declined drastic all be. With this background and our tradi Further, it exceeds the jurisdiction of the ally over the past several years. Since tions, we can contribute to this great coun there is no source given for the :figures try of ours-towards its future. We can con ad hoc committee, infringing on the tribute greatly to freedom and liberty for all jurisdiction of other committees. and no further information on them, nations and nationalities. We have a poten Beyond this, all the information I have it is somewhat difficult to judge their tial for greater achievement. We Polish come across indicates that this amend validity. However, they do not seem to Americans, as wtth our ethnic groups, share ment is worse than a pig in a poke-it is jibe with facts and :figures which I have the ability to hold tightly to good human a real bombshell. received from industry and Government principles and to overcome the great prob I would like to share with other Mem energy experts about U.S. dominance of lems which must be faced. bers what information I have been able the industry here and abroad, including Today, as we commemorate the Bicenten nial and the Constitution of May 3, 1791, let to dig up on this issue. I think it brings these figw·es: our constitutions be the guiding light to the amendment into serious question and .U.S.-made products today account for help us keep alive that fire of unity and should make us very concerned about about 90 percent of oil drilling equip liberty that has burned for 200 and 185 adopting such a proposal, especially in ment worldwide, with a value of $1.5 years. the absence of hard facts and full con billion in sales in 1975. sideration of the very serious effects U.S. services provided in connection "BUY NATIONAL" OCS AMENDMENT which are likely to result. with this equipment amounted to WOULD BACKFIRE Included in this information is: another $1.5 billion last year. A Business Week article on the grow Fourty-four percent of U.S.-produced ing boom in offshore oil drilling. oil drilling equipment is exported, an.d HON. SAM GIBBONS A refutation of some of the arguments these exports have been growing rapidly OF FLORIDA being used by supporters of a "buy na in recent years. Of 339 U.S.-made oil IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tional" amendment. rigs operating, 113 are in U.S. waters A "Dear Colleague" letter from several and 226 are in foreign waters. Thursday, June 3, 1976 of us, which gives further reasons for op Employment in the industry reached Mr. GIBBONS. Mr. Speaker, a rigid posing this amendment. record levels in 1975, as reported in the "buy only American-made products" Letters from the Office of our Special Commerce Department's U.S. Industrial floor amendment will be offered to the Representative for T.rade Negotiations Outlook-1976. 16630 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 3, 1976 According to the same Commerce De tive advantage over other producers of simi gas production equipment (Standard Indus partment estimates, this Is the outlook lar equipment, as to price, quality and tech trial Code (SIC) 3533). The Department of for 1985 for the industry: nology. In fact, we look to U.S. sales of this Commerce in U.S. Industrial Outlook-1976 type of equipment, to other countries seek forecasts that "the expected growth in for The expected growth in foreign explora ing to develop ofi'shore sources of on, to pro eign exploratory activity during the next 10 tory activity during the next 10 years should vide a major export market for U.S. manu years should assure a strong export market assure a strong export market for U .S.-made facturers in the months and years ahead." for U.S.-made equipment. U.S. exports of equipment. U.S. exports of oilfield machinery oilfleld machinery are projected to reach $3.1 are projected reach $3.1 bllllon, increas Some foreign-made on rigs may come to be to used on the OCS, but it is also true that billion, increasing at a compound annual ing at a compound annual rate of 9.0 per rate of 9.0 percent from the 1975 level. U.S. cent from the 1975 level. U.S. imports of this some U.S. companies are bunding on rigs for foreign companies here in the U.S. 90% of on imports of this machinery are relatively in machinery are relatively insignificant and signflcant and are expected to remain so." are expected to remain so. drilling equipment used world-wide today 1S U.S. made. It is estimated by the Bureau of Domestic Industry spokesmen estimate that by 2. Such a "buy national" requirement on Commerce that in 1975 U.S. exports of these 1985 $8 billion of new capital oil drilling private industry would put us in clear viola types of products represented 44% of total equipment will be needed in foreign tion of our obligations under the GA'IT in value of product shipments ($1.3 blllion of countries; they expect that at least $5 ternational trad.lng laws. This would allow $2.95 bllllon). Imports, however, have been every other nation of the world to retaliate negligible. These statistics indicate that the billion of this amount will be produced against our exports-not just U.S. on rig ex amendment cannot be justified on the basis in U.S. shipyards. This is true even ports, but also aerospace products, manu of the needs of the industry. though the economics of offshore petro factured goods, farm products and the other The amendment confiicts with U.S. policy leum equipment production dictate that exports which now account for more than to seek elimlnation of non-taritr barriers to some of the equipment, notably rigs and $108 bnlion of income and jobs to us each international trade, and could invite emula hulls, be bullt near the prospective drlll year. tion at a considerable cost to U.S. exports. ing sites. Giant offshore oil rigs are Ironically. with such a strong export mar Other countries, particularly the U.K., Nor clumsy and expensive to transport long ket for U .B.-produced on rigs, it 1s exactly way and Canada, may be induced to adopt those u.s. producers of on rigs and their simllar policies at least with respect to like distances. Transporting such a rig over workers tha.t could be hurt most if a "buy na projects carried out in their territories. This long distances could cost from $1 mllllon tional" OCS amendment is adopted and slml would be serious, for example, 1n the case to $3 million. Although there may have lar "buy only national products" restrictions of U.S. sales of North Sea offshore equip been some decline in the percentage of are implemented for North Sea offshore dril ment. There has been strong pressure in the U.S. sales of rigs because of this and ling and elsewhere. Thus far, vigorous U.S. U.K. for the U.K. offshore Operations Asso because of shortages of steel tubing and diplomatic efforts have helped us to avoid ciation (UKOOA) and the British govern pipes during 1974, there has been no de such restrictions in. for instance, the North ment to develop purchasing procedures for cline in the absolute amount of U.S. Sea. on companies operating in the U.K. sector Also, such a "buy national" amendment of the North sea, favorable to U.K. industry. sales. Also, the United States has a would needlessly violate our pledge in the The U.S. objected to this possibllity and the virtual monopoly on sales of highly International Energy Agency to avoid trade UKOOA is now committed to provide British sophisticated oil production equipment, restrictions on energy and energy-producing firms with only a "full and fair" opportunity including drilling bits. equipment. The purpose of this pledge by to compete for business in the u .K. offshore Virtually all oil rigs on the U.S. Outer the major on consuming nations is to avoid market. British government estimates put Continental Shelf today are American delays and problems for lEA countries in British industry's share of the market at made, owned and manned, and this Is making themselves more independent of between 40-45%, but British analysts believe not expected to change much in the OPECoU. that an insistent ''buy British" policy could future. Some foreign-owned oil rigs are To our credit, the United states has fewer increase this share to 70%. Thus, the U.S., unnecessary government restrictions on pri as a major supplier of otrshore extractive being made in U.S. shipyards. Fin.ally, vate companies than most countries do. At equipment and technology would stand to there has been talk of bringing at least a time when we're trying to get rid of the lose far more than it would gain by passage some rigs made in the Far East to the needless restrictions we do have. it seema of this amendment. OCS. However. this is not expected to be especially unwise to adopt new ones which The reaction could be much broader, af done to any extent as offshore drilling are not justifl.ed by economic facts. A "buy fecting a whole range of trade issues, since picks up in the area of Vietnam, Malay national" OCS amendment would be such a 1t would be received by other countries as sia, Thailand, Australia, Indonesia, and restriction. Even worse, it invites retalla strong evidence of a shift by the U.S. towards the Philippines, and so forth. tion against our profitable, job-producing increased protectionism as a general policy. Some further information on the pro export industries. It is not needed and al There could be repercussions in the Multi most certainly would result in much more lateral Trade Negotiations (MTN) currently posed "buy national" OCS amendment harm than good for us. We ask you to join us being held in Geneva, and certainly in the follows: in opposing this amendment. OECD where the U.S. and other industrial FROM THE OFFICE OF HONORABLE SAM GmBONS Sincerely. ized countries have been engaged in a.n ef (Reasons to oppose any "buy national" SAM GmBONs, fort to develop an international government Floor amendment to Outer Continental Shelf BILL FRENZEL, procurement code, with a view towards open blll (H.R. 6218 scheduled for Friday) (May BARBER CONABLE, ing government markets to competitive in be otrered by Congressman MURPHY of New ABNER MxKvA. ternational trade to the greatest extent York).) possible. DEAR CoLLEAGUE: A "buy national" Floor DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Thus, the restrictive procurement amend amendment may be offered to H.R. 6218. Washington, D.C., May 25, 1976. ment can only be damaging to the U.S. po Such an amendment is needless, counter Hon. AL ULLMAN, sition in the development of a Code in the productive and potentially very harmful to Chairman, Committee on Ways and Means, OECD as well as forthcoming work in the U.S. companies and workers. We ask you to House of Representatives. MTN to secure a fair and uniform approach join us in opposing this amendment, which DEAR MR. CHAmMAN: The Department of to procurement which would benefit Ameri would exclude from OCS on drllling and State understands that a restrictive procure can exporters by opening up new markets. production any on rig, vessel or structure ment amendment to H.R. 6218, The Outer The amendment is also contrary to the in which was not wholly built in the United Continental Shelf Lands Act amendments of tention of Article m, Paragraph 4 of the States, owned by U.S. citizens and operated 1976 bill, may be introduced shortly. The General Agreement on Tar11fs and Trade by U.S. citizens. Here are some of our reasons amendment provides that vessels, rigs, plat which states in part: for opposing it. forms and other contingencies involved in "The products of the territory of any con 1. The United States dominates the oil U.S. Outer Continental Shelf operations must tracting party imported into the territory o! drilling equipment industry here and abroad. be built, or rebuilt, in the United States; any other contracting party shall be ac OCS equipment and personnel are American. must be documented under the laws of the corded treatment no less favorable than that; The amendment is unneeded, unwarranted United States; and must be e1·ewed by United accorded to lilce products of natural origin and has not been justified. It was not dis States citizens. The Department of State in respect of all laws, regulations and re cussed at all during the Ad Hoc Select OCS submits the following comments in opposi quirements affecting their internal sale, of Committee's hearings and markup of H.R. tion to such an amendment for your fering for sale, purchase, transportation, 6218. Further, it exceeds the jurisdiction of consideration. distribution or use." the Committee, infringing on the jurisdic TRADE PO_LICY CONSIDERATIONS Restrictive procurement requirements tion of those committees which handle trade The Department of State questions the have been interpreted by courts in the U.S. and investment matters. need for this type of restrictive procurement to be a violation of GATT obligations. In short, U.S. industry dominates this field amendment. According to .information from ENERGY POLICY CONSIDERATIONS already. As our Office of Special Representa the Petroleum Equipment Suppliers Asso Introduction of restrictive procurement tive for Trade Negotiations puts it: "The ciation in Houston, U.S. manufacturers pro provisions in the development of our Outer United States enjoys a substantial competi- duce roughly 90% of the world's on and Continental Shelf mineral resources would June 3, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16631 seriously prejudice major elements of U.S. Presidential frontrunners, Gerald Ford, Ron Thus oilmen believe they have nowhere to international energy policy. Since the emer ald Reagan, and Jimmy Carter, antagonists go but up. Gulf Oil Corp. Chairman Jerry gence of the energy crisis in 1973, the U.S. of the industry. McAfee, for example, reckons that the new has taken the lead among the industrialized THE NUMBERS energy law will reduce his company's earn countries in establishing an overall frame ings by $10 million this year. But, he says, Profits dropped precipitously last year fol "as bad as these programs are for us, for our work for energy cooperation. This has re lowing the big gains in 1973 and 1974 caused sulted in: customers, and for the country as a whole, by the sudden jump in crude-oil prices. Ac we at least now have the framework within The formation of the 18 nation Interna cording to a. survey by the American Petro ~ional Energy Agency (lEA) ; which to plan our future." He points out leum Institute, earnings of the 25 largest that U.S. exploration budgets are essentially The establishment in the lEA of an emer domestic oil companies plummeted 23.6% in gency program to counter the threat of geared to the price of domestic crude that is 1975. But some of the first-quarter 1976 expected to prevail when the new fields start another embargo; and comebacks were spectacular. Sun's profits producing, not to the current price. "Under The adoption by the lEA of a program of leaped 160%, Atlantic Richfield's 98%, Shell's the most recent FEA proposals, new oil will long-term cooperation in conservation and 94%, Cities Service's 82%. Ashland registered the development of new energy resources to a. return on common equity of 18.5%, Exxon be in the range of $13 to $14 a bbl. by the time controls are scheduled to end in May, reduce our dependence on OPEC oil. 16.1%, Standard of Indiana 16%. The long-term program recognizes that Most of the companies note that the big 1979," adds McAfee. "It will take at least that the national energy policies and reduced de first-quarter gains will not be followed by long to bring most new offshore discoveries pendence efforts of the U.S. and other IEA comparable advances during the rest of the into production." countries can be significantly reinforced by year. Nevertheless, oil experts are optimistic, ON CONTROLS multilateral cooperation in the development if somewhat cautious about 1976 profits. One The new law also opens the possibility of of new energy resources. Moreover, it repre analyst, Geoffrey Hertel of Rotan Mosie Inc., ending controls on all refined products this sents a firm political commitment to energy forecasts that industry earnings for the year year. Price controls and allocations for resid cooperation as an essential part of our over will rlse 15% to 25%. He suggests that oil ual fuel oil will end on June 1. The FEA has all political, economic, and security coop company stocks may be a "haven for port now proposed that controls be lifted on mid eration. An integral part of this long-term folio profits from other areas." dle distillates, which include home heating program is a best efforts commitment by The optimism should linger as long as oil and diesel fuel, and it will consider de each country to avoid the introduction of demand for oil products remains strong. control of aviation fuel and gasoline later new legislation which would prevent other Crimped by higher prices, the recession, and lEA countries from receiving national treat this year. the nationwide campaign for conservation, "The climate is beginning to stabilize," ad ment in the energy area. The introduction demand fell 4% in the U.S. in 1974 and an of the proposed procurement amendment mits Leland W. Carter, president of Mitchell additional 2% last year. But when the econ Energy & Development Corp., an independent would clearly be contrary to the spirit of omy started picking up early this year, de producer. "The biggest problem now is nat this commitment. Its enactment as legisla mand for oil grew quickly. It wound up tion would significantly reduce the credibil ural gas." Like other producers, Carter was 3.2% higher in the first quarter than in unhappy when proposed legislation to de ity of the long-term program as part of our the first quarter of 1975. And Exxon has pre overall response to the energy crisis and regulate interstate gas prices failed to get erode the ability of the U.S. to continue to dicted that demand for the year will soar through Congress earlier this year. But "next exercise leadership among the consuming an impressive 9%. year I think we have an excellent chance The revival is being led by gasoline, which better than 50-5o-of getting a. phase-out of countries. In addition, if introduction of discrimina spurted ahead 6.3% in the first quarter and controls," he says. tory provisions such as the proposed restric has accelerated even more in recent weeks. Even though gas producers did not get de tive procurement amendment to this Act Prior to the embargo, increases of 7% a regulation this year, they did get somewhat causes adoption of similar provisions by year were common. The big oil companies, higher prices. Rotan Mosie's Hertel thinks other lEA countries, it could slow signifi however, are hesitant to voice much en producers will realize an average of 55¢ per cantly the development of new energy in thusiasm about a. possible return to the gas 1,000 cu. ft. for their gas this year, vs. 44.5¢ IEA countries, thus prejudicing our basic guzzling days of the 1960s. While runaway in 1975, and just 30.4¢ in 1974. "Even with interest in the accelerated development of demand obviously boosts profl.tabllity in the the expected decline in production this year," all energy alternatives to OPEC oil. short run, it raises the politically sensitive he says, "the industry will wind up with $1.7 For all of the foregoing reasons, the De issue of conservation. And in the long run, billion in additional revenues." And his partment of State opposes the proposed re it could leave the companies with virtually estimate does not include the possibility that strictive procurement amendment to H.R. no leverage at all as they grow more de the Federal Power Commission may hike the 6218 and hopes that, should it be introduced, pendent on increasingly nationalistic gov price allowed for new gas, which is now set it will be defeated. ernments for crude supplies. At Shell's an at 52¢ per 1,000 cu. ft. "We expect the FPC Sincerely yours, nual meeting last month, retiring Presi to review this price and come out with a new ROBERT J. MCCLOSKEY, dent Harry Bridges told shareholders that ceiling of at least 80¢ per 1,000 cu. ft.," Hertel Ass(Stant Secretary he was disappointed in the sharp increase in says. for Congressional Relations. gasoline demand. His personal solution: a SOME DAMPERS 40¢ per gal, federal tax. One factor that is still dampening en [From the Business Week, May 24, 1976] SPENDING PLANS thusiasm among oilmen, however, is loss of Further evidence that oil companies are the depletion allowance, which reduced the THE On. BUSINESS BUBBLES AGAIN expecting better times is an API report that industry's cash flow last year by some $2 bil James P. Murphy, president of Houston indicates that 22 majors plan to spend a. lion, according to Citibank's petroleum de based Vaquero Petroleum Co., is unequivocal total of $25.3 billion in exploration and other partment. A sampling of companies that re about the state of the oil business these days. new capital projects this year. That would ported the impact of that loss showed an "We've never had it so good," he declares. work out to an increa~ of about 10% over average 13% reduction in net income last Few oil company executives would inter 1975 and 16% over 1974. Exxon U.S.A. just year, the bank notes. rupt their ever-ready tirades about the evils revealed that it is planning to spend $2.5 But a. far bigger concern among oilmen is of government interference in their business billion in the U.S. this year, 25% more than the lingering threat of divestiture. "While to make such a. glowing assessment. But there it did in 1975. "We view the long-term out the trend in the Presidential race is en are clear signs that Murphy may be right. look as optimistic," explains Randall Meyer, couraging," says the president of a major First-quarter profits were up across the president of the company's domestic opera domestic company, "we see no indication that board. According to Investors Management tion. Hughes Tool Co. is forecasting a surge the bent of Congress will be changing." Sciences in Englewood, Colo., not one inte in drilling activity during the last half of As for the independents, they seem un grated oil company in the U.S. reported a the year even though fewer rigs are now fazed. "Divestiture would hure consumers profit downturn and only a few nonintegrated at work than at this time last year. "The because it would raise prices," contends one. companies did. After two years of pitching issuance by the Federal Energy Administra "But," he adds, "the only people really wor and rolling in the wake of the Arab oil em tion of proposed price schedules for the next ried about it are the managements of the big bargo, the price runups that followed, and 36 months removes some uncertainty and companies." the backwash that resulted, the oil industry provides a basis for planning," explains seems headed once again into a period of Hughes President James R. Lesch. DEPUTY SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVE stability The price schedules came as a result of FOR TRADE NEGOTIATIONS, Business has unquestionably been bol the new energy law. Although the law ini Washington, D.C., May 12, 1976. stered by the revival in demand for oil prod tially rolled back the average price of do Hon. AL ULLMAN, ucts that started earlier this year and shows mestic crude oil and slapped controls on so Chairman, Committee on Ways and Means, no sign of abating. Moreover, the Energy called new oil for the first time, it provided U.S. House of Representatives, Policy & Conservation Act of 1975-better a mechanism by which the President could Washington, D.C. known as the omnibus energy bill-has elim increase prices by as much as 10% a year. DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: It ha.s been brought inated much of the uncertainty about crude The FEA can also recommend that Congress to Ambassador Dent's and my attention that oil prices that had been paralyzing oil opera approve an increase of higher than 10% , and the Ru1es Committee is now considering an tions. Even the political climate is brighten the agency will hold hearings in June to amended version of H.R. 6218, The Outer ing for oilmen, who do not consider the three examine this possibility. Continental Shelf Lands Act, reported by an 16632 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 3, 1976 ad hoc committee made up of Members of was born in 1916, and is a. housewife. Two you write 1n the letter to the members of the the Committees on Interior and Insular At of their daughters together With many of Executive COmmittee of the International fairs and Merchant Marine and Fisheries. their relatives were murdered by the Ger Federation of Automatic COntrol (IFAC) As amended, it would provide for a "Buy mans in 1941 when Vinnitsa. was occupied that my son and daughter should be thrown American" requirement on all U.S. purchases by the Germans. out from the post-graduate course as you do of off-shore oil rigging and drilling equip Until 1971 Prof. Lerner occupied a. promi not want to train specialists in science for ment. nent position 1n Soviet society. He super the State of Israel. I am writing to give you our personal vised a. large department (more than 100 I would like to remind you of your state views as trade negotiators of the serious ad scientist colleagues) in the Institute of ment saying you will do everything in your verse foreign trade consequences of enact Problem Management of the Aca.demy of Sci power to prevent me from leaving the ing such a requirement. ences of the U.S.S.R., which developed USSR. And you fulfilled this promise supply In the first place, such a requirement 1s theories for managing large systems; worked ing the KGB false data. about my alleged unnecessary. The United States enjoys a. sub as a. regular professor at the Moscow physics knowledge of ~re<:ret materials at the time stantial competitive advantage over other technical university; served as a. member of when you knew better than anybody else producers of similar equipment, as to price, the editorial staff of the Soviet Encyclopedia; that I have not been taking part in any quality and technology. In fact, we look to was a member of the editorial collegium of secret works for many years. You know very U.S. sales of this type of equipment, to other the Journal "Automation and Telemechan well that for many years I am engaging in countries seeking to develop off-shore sources tcs" and of the Cybernetics Council of the such open fields of cybernetics as the theory ex! oil, to provide a major export market for Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of of discernment of shapes, the theory of large U.S. manufacturers in the months and years the U.S.S.R. He was also Deputy Chairman systems' control and mainly the solution of ahead. of one of the committees of the International medical problems by using mathematical More important, to restrict our market to Federation of Automation Admlnistrators methods. U.S. equipment would invite and surely re (I.F.A.C.) You are, in fact, showing solidarity with sult ln our competing supplier nations fol Pro!. Lerner is the author of 168 scientific General Vereln of the Ministry of Interior lowing suit With "Buy Na.tional" restric works; among them 12 books, many of which who had otnclally told me that the a.uthor tions on their markets. This could cost the have been translated into English, German, ities prefer to let me rot in the Soviet Union United Sta.tes many mlllions of dollars of French, Chinese, Ja.panese and other lan rather than to let me work overseas. potential export sales a.nd thousands of U.S. guages. He has presented scientific pa.pers Prof. AI.EKsANDER LERNER. jobs. at Science Congresses, conferences and sym Further, we are engaged in a. major effort posia. in the U.S.A., Japan and almost all the 1n the multilateral trade negotta.tlons in countries of Europe. THE MYTH OF MY POSSESSION OF SECRET& Genev-a, over which your COmmittee has Prof. Lerner's scientific accomplishments ALEXANDER LERNER jurisdiction, to persuade other countries to were concentrated 1n the following (areas) : It is now four and a. half years that my open up their government procurement theory of automatic admlnistra.tion, theory wife Judith Perlman, my son Vladimir Lerner markets to U.S. competition. Tb.ls hopefully of optimum admlnistra.tlon, theory of a.d and I, Alexander Lerner, are being held in wm be done through negotiation of an in mlnistra.tlon of large systems, theory of the USSR against our will, on the excuse terna.tlonal government procurement code method identification, the adapta.tton of of my, so-called, being privy to State secrets. which ca.Us for open bids and awards on mathematioal formulae for solving medical Tb.ls myth is based on false information re government purchase contracts. problems, problems dealing with the con ceived by the KGB from the a.cademicla.n For us to adopt the same kind of restric struction of artificial hearts. VADIM TRAPEZNIK. Out of a. feeling of tion that we are asking our trading partners After he submitted a petition concerning vengeance, like that of a. slave holder who to a.ba.ndon would compromise and severely his declsion to leave for Israel, Prof. Lerner is about to lose a useful slave, he deliberately jeopardize our efforts at opening up markets was dismissed from all his duties and re submitted a distorted account of my being for other U.S. goods a.nd equipment. moved from all the elected bodies. His 26 privy to secret experiments and the danger When the detrimenta.l effects of this year old daughter Sophia. was discharged to the State of my being allowed to travel amendment are fully considered, it becomes from her position as mathematics researcher. abroad. That this pretext for detaining our apparent tha.t the proposed action 1s un She now lives in Israel With her husband family is totally unjustified is sustained by warranted and would be counterproductive and two daughters. His 31 year old son Vladi the following uncontradictible, facts: to our own interests. mir an engineer 1n system analysis, has been 1. In the last 12 years I have not partici We would, of course, be pleased to dis discharged from his research a.ctivitiea; has pated in any secret projects and confined my cuss this matter further, and to answer any not as yet been able to find employment 1n self to theoretical work 1n the area of eco questions you or your colleagues ma.y have. his specialty, and Is compelled to work at nomic administration and adaptation of With kindest regards. unskilled, odd jobs. mathematical methods to the solution of Sincerely, medical problems. My single work in the CLAYTON K. YEUT'l'ER. [Translated from Russian] last few years, which has any practical re lationship, dealt with meta.l supply. But my AN OPEN LETrER 'l'O ACADEMICIAN TaAPEZ participation in this work was not only of NIKOV, 'l'HE DmEC'l'OR OF 'l'HE INSTITU'l'E OF a most exclusively theoretical nature, but CONTROL PROBLEMS OF 'l'HE ACADEMY OF also was actually a. more detailed restatement ALEXANDER LERNER SCIENCES OF USSR of propositions formulated by tens of British "It is not important in what country a. specialists. Furthermore, everything which I scientific finding is made. It is important knew in this field, I. reported in detail at an HON. JAMES H. SCHEUER that it should be made and that it should international conference 1n Cleveland (USA) be of benefit to the mankind." 1n July, 1968, and it was published in the OF NEW YORK Thus you stated publicly whlle staying in journal "------" No. 5, 1969. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the USA as a. head of a Soviet scientific dele 2. My participation in one confidential gation. The hyprocrisy of this statement had Thursday, June 3, 1976 project was discontinued 12 years ago. It has shocked me so deeply that I can not leave it to do with optimum systems of administra Mr. SCHEUER. Mr. Speaker, it is al unanswered. tion. Tb.ls work was declassified in 1963, was most impossible for us to comprehend How dare you make such pompous state submitted to the I.G.A.S. Congress 1n Lon the harsh realities of Soviet life to which ments and pose as a. humanist and a. don, a.nd published in the U.S.S.R. in the Russian applicants for emigration are scientist standing above egotistic state in Journal of Automatics and Telemechanics, terests after everything you had done to me No. 6, 1964, and in releases of the Congress subjected. and to a number of other scientific workers. abroad. I submit for our colleagues the follow Was not it you who demanded to dimlss 3. In the last decade of my activity in the ing brief resume on Prof. Alexander me from the reading of lectures at the Institute of Problem Management, I have Lerner and two letters, written by him, Physical-Technical Institute because I had many times been sent on missions abroad. that need no comment: handed in the application to go to Israel? And on each such occasion, the academician ALEXANDER LERNER Was not it you who dismissed from the In Trapenznikov reported to the KGB that I stitute of Control Problems my sons and my was not privy to any State secrets. Alexander Ya.kmrlevich Lerner was born in daughter for the same "crime"? And so, the pretext of secrecy, on which is 1913 in the city of Vlnnltsa, Ukraine. Since Was not it you who dismissed Yulia based the refusal to release me, is patently 1931 he has lived in Moscow where, in 1936, Shmukler a.nd Grigory Pinus from the absurd. Even more absurd is this excuse for he finished the Moscow Energy Institute. In same institute because they received invita detaining my son who in his entire life has 1939 he was awarded the academic degree tions from Israel? not had the slightest glimpse of secret docu of Candidate; 1n 1954 that of Doctor of Sci I! you really think that it is important to ments or participation in secret activities. ence, and in 1955 the academic title of Pro contribute to the conditions for scientific Alexander Lerner, Professor. Moscow, fessor. His wife, Judith Abramovna Pearlman progress wherever it is happening-why did March 30, 1976.