Retina Implant Treats Disease-Related Blindness Mission Accomplished: NASA-Developed Spinoffs

May 2009 Welcome to your Digital Edition of Medical Design Briefs

Surgical Robots Provide Helping May 2009 “Hands” in the OR Rebuilt Body Parts: Technology Puts a New Face On Disease and Disability Retina Implant Treats Disease-Related Blindness Mission Accomplished: NASA-Developed Spinoffs

A Supplement to NASA Tech Briefs

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Surgical Robots Provide Helping “Hands” in the OR Rebuilt Body Parts: Technology Puts a New Face On Disease and Disability Retina Implant Treats Disease-Related Blindness Mission Accomplished: NASA-Developed Spinoffs

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Free Info at http://info.hotims.com/22916-841 ➮ Intro Cov ToC + – A ➭ May 2009 Welcome to Medical Design Briefs FEATURES Reaching 40,000 engineers and managers who are designing and developing products for the 4 Surgical Robots Provide Helping “Hands” in the OR medical marketplace, Medical Design Briefs 10 Rebuilt Body Parts: Technology Puts a New Face On brings you exclusive coverage of the latest med- Disease and Disability ical and biomedical innovations from NASA, its 14 Retina Implant Treats Disease-Related Blindness industry partners, and other major players in 31 Mission Accomplished medical R&D worldwide. From heart pumps and defibrillators to surgical robots, NASA has devel- TECH BRIEFS oped thousands of medical breakthroughs on the way to space. 15 Three-Dimensional Optical Coherence Tomography 16 Isolation of Precursor Cells From Waste Solid Fat Tissue Published three times this year in May, 17 Benchtop Antigen Detection Technique Using Nanofiltration September, and November, Medical Design and Fluorescent Dyes Briefs will include articles and product briefs that 18 Wireless, Handheld Electronic Medical Record Application focus on design advances that are shaping the 19 Identification of Bacteria and Determination of Biological future of healthcare — improving safety and sav- Indicators ing lives while reducing costs. Each issue will 20 Further Development of Scaffolds for Regeneration of report on electronics, sensors, test and meas- Nerves urement, imaging, software, materials, mechan- 21 Chemically Assisted Photocatalytic Oxidation System ical components, manufacturing/prototyping, 22 Use of Atomic Oxygen for Increased Water Contact Angles and much more. of Various Polymers for Biomedical Applications 23 Open-Access, Low-Magnetic-Field MRI System for Lung This premier issue includes a special feature on Research surgical robotics, which is revolutionizing the 23 Microfluidic Mixing Technology for a Universal Health way minimally invasive procedures are done. Sensor Patients experience less pain and scarring, and 24 Microwell Arrays for Studying Many Individual Cells shorter recovery times, and surgeons experi- 24 Convergence Nanoparticles for Multi-Modal Biomedical Imaging ence better visualization, precision, and control using robotic assistance. You’ll also find a fea- 25 Trans-Skull Ultrasound Scanner for Diagnosis of Rhino-Sinusitis ture on “custom” implants created using 26 Microfluidic Extraction of Biomarkers Using Water as Solvent advances in digital medical modeling. Patient- 27 Identifying and Inactivating Bacterial Spores specific body parts are now made with amazing new speed and efficiency. And find out how 28 Crashworthy Seats Would Afford Superior Protection Argonne National Laboratory has developed an 30 Droplet-Based Production of Liposomes innovative artificial retina. DEPARTMENTS In this, and all issues of Medical Design Briefs, you’ll also learn about new products, find tech 33 New Products briefs describing new inventions, and learn about 36 Advertisers Index spinoff technologies that had their roots within NASA. ON THE COVER

You’ll see Medical Design Briefs at a number of The da Vinci™ Surgical System from Intuitive industry trade shows throughout the year. I Surgical (Sunnyvale, CA) is a robotic surgical encourage you to provide me with your feedback platform that consists of a surgeon’s console, a patient cart with four interactive robotic about our new publication. arms, a vision system, and EndoWrist® instruments. The surgeon is shown here sitting at the console, where he views a magnified, high-resolution 3D image of the surgical site. As he manipulates the controls, da Vinci responds to the surgeon’s input in real Linda L. Bell time, scaling, filtering, and translating his hand, wrist, and finger move- Editorial Director ments into movements of the instruments at the patient-side cart shown [email protected] in the background. Learn more about da Vinci and other robotic surgical systems in the feature article beginning on page 4. (Image ©2009 Intuitive Surgical, Inc.)

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Free Info at http://info.hotims.com/22916-842 ➮ Intro Cov ToC + – A ➭ Surgical Robots Provide Helping “Hands” in the OR By Linda L. Bell, Editorial Director

s human beings become more com- cologic, and cardiac procedures such as visualization, precision, dexterity, and A fortable sharing their space with mitral valve repair. control than what’s possible using tradi- robots, we can expect that robotic tech- These robotic surgical systems provide tional surgical approaches. nologies will infiltrate even more aspects benefits to both the surgeons and their of our lives. For the past decade or so, patients. Traditional procedures such as Degrees of Help robotic systems for surgery have been heart surgery require large (up to 8” or Current robotic systems for surgery fall tested, approved by the U.S. Food and 10”) incisions and opening of the rib into three main categories: supervisory, Drug Administration (FDA), and used cage; in robot-assisted heart surgery, surgeon-guided, and tactile or shared- successfully to perform operations that there are three or four small incisions. control. The main difference between previously required highly invasive surgi- Patients experience a shorter hospital each system is how involved the surgeon cal procedures. Robotic systems have stay, less pain, less risk of infection, less must be when performing a surgical pro- been used in tens of thousands of proce- blood loss, less scarring, and faster cedure. In some cases, robots perform dures including general, urologic, gyne- recovery. Surgeons benefit from better surgical techniques without the direct intervention of a surgeon. In others, doctors perform surgery with the assistance of a robot, but the doctor is doing most of the work. As part of the pre-operative planning stage, surgeons use computer tomography (CT) or other types of images of the patient’s body to determine the best surgical approach. Shared-control robotic systems aid surgeons during surgery, but the doctor does most of the work. The surgeon provides power for the instruments while the robotic arm constrains the instrument position within a registered volume. In orthopedic surgery, for example, surgical tools can damage soft tissue, so the robot constrains the area the surgeon can operate within by providing force feedback. As the surgeon approaches the soft tissue, the robot push- es back against the surgeon’s hand, offering more resistance. If the surgeon continues cutting toward the soft tissue, the robot locks. From a regulatory standpoint, the FDA pays close attention to the potential for error and whether robotic equipment meets performance standards. The agency evaluates the possibility of technical failure of the computer and whether it translates into any risk for patients. The FDA requires manufacturers to train surgeons before they can use robotic surgical systems on patients. Currently, it takes an average of 12 to 18 With the da Vinci system, the surgeon views a 3D image of the surgical site at the console. The surgeon’s hand, wrist, and finger movements are translated into movements of the instruments at the procedures (depending upon the type patient-side cart. (©2009 Intuitive Surgical, Inc.) of procedure) before surgeons feel

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Free Info at http://info.hotims.com/22916-843 M756/09 ➮ Intro Cov ToC + – A ➭ “Hands” in the OR comfortable and are able to perform The surgeon sits at a console to view a the procedures as quickly as with stan- magnified, high-resolution, 3D image of dard techniques. the surgical site. To operate, the surgeon uses master controls that work like for- da Vinci™ Surgical System ceps. As the surgeon manipulates the In July 2000, the FDA cleared the da controls, da Vinci responds to the sur- Vinci Surgical System from Intuitive geon’s input in real time, scaling, filter- Surgical of Sunnyvale, CA as an endo- ing, and translating his or her hand, wrist, scopic instrument control system for and finger movements into movements use in laparoscopic (abdominal) surgi- of the instruments at the patient-side cart. cal procedures such as removal of the Once the surgery is complete, the sur- gallbladder. In 2001, the FDA cleared geon removes the rods from the patient’s da Vinci for use in general non-cardiac body and closes the incisions. thoracoscopic (inside the chest) surgi- The system cannot be programmed, cal procedures. and it cannot make decisions on its own. The da Vinci system is a robotic surgical It requires that every surgical maneuver platform that consists of a surgeon’s con- be performed with direct input from the sole, a patient cart with four interactive surgeon. The surgeon views an actual robotic arms, a vision system, and patent- image of the surgical field while operated EndoWrist® instruments. The system is ing in real time. designed to enable complex procedures Dr. Eugene A. Grossi is a Professor of to be performed through 1-2 cm incisions Cardiothoracic Surgery at New York or operating “ports,” into which the sur- University (NYU) School of Medicine da Vinci’s robotic arms hold rods in place that contain EndoWrist® miniaturized instruments geon inserts three or four stainless steel and the Director of Cardiac Surgery that dissect and suture the tissue. (©2009 rods. The robotic arms hold the rods in Research. He is also the Director of Intuitive Surgical, Inc.) place. One of the rods has two endoscop- Cardiothoracic Surgery at the Manhattan ic cameras inside it to provide a stereo- VA Medical Center, and an attending The system is used in the company’s scopic image, and the other rods contain surgeon at NYU Medical Center, at MAKOplasty® Partial Knee Re surfacing the miniaturized instruments that dissect Bellevue Hospital Center and at the New for patients with osteoarthritis in only one and suture the tissue. Unlike convention- York Veterans Administration Medical part of the knee. By selectively targeting al surgery, the doctor does not touch Center. Dr. Grossi uses the da Vinci sys- the portion of the knee that has become these surgical instruments directly. tem for certain procedures, and is inter- damaged by osteoarthritis, surgeons can nationally recognized as a pioneer for isolate and resurface only the arthritic his work in robotic assistance in mini- portion of the knee without compromis- mally invasive mitral valve surgery. ing the healthy bone and tissue surround- According to Dr. Grossi, “As with any ing it. The procedure is performed operative procedure, there is a good through a 2-3” incision, as opposed to the amount of advance planning. But in 8” or larger incision required for tradi- addition to the typical planning, with a tional total knee replacement surgery. robotic system, you also have to plan for The surgeon can pre-operatively port placement and access for both the determine the damaged area of the scope and the ports. You have to be con- bone to be removed, and plan the pre- cerned about the relationship of the cise alignment and placement of the device to the patient so you don’t have resurfacing implant specific to the external conflicts.” patient’s anatomy. As surgeons use the Although Dr. Grossi no longer uses robotic arm to resurface the knee for the system for specific cardiac proce- placement of the implants, RIO provides dures, he stressed that there are some real-time interoperative visual, tactile, procedures for which it is very enabling. and auditory feedback. “Working deep inside the pelvis is The RESTORIS® MCK Multi Com- extremely difficult to do with hand partmental Knee System features instruments,” he explained. “For a radi- femoral and patellofemoral components cal prostatectomy, it’s very potentiating.” that nest together and allow for smooth Visit http://info.hotims.com/22916-145 patella tracking and transitioning. The for more information on da Vinci. RESTORIS inlay implant is designed to restore the natural function of the knee RIO™ Robotic Arm Interactive by playing the role of the cartilage lost to Orthopedic System osteoarthritis. It is comprised of two com- The RIO™ Robotic Arm Interactive ponents: the femoral component (af - Orthopedic System from MAKO Surgical fixed to the femur bone) and the tibial Corp. in Fort Lauderdale, FL, was the first component (affixed to the tibia bone). FDA-cleared robotic arm system for ortho- Visit http://info.hotims.com/22916-147 for MAKO Surgical’s RIO system is used in the company’s MAKOplasty® Partial Knee Resurfacing pedic surgery. It provides patient-specific, more information on RIO. procedure. (Photo courtesy of MAKO Surgical) 3D modeling for pre-surgical planning. (Continued on page 8)

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Free Info at http://info.hotims.com/22916-844 ➮ Intro Cov ToC + – A ➭ “Hands” in the OR Compact OEM Diaphragm Pump Acrobot Surgeon-Controlled System Efficient • High Flow at Vacuum or Pressure London-based Acrobot provides surgical systems for computer- Low Pulsation • Quiet Operation assisted 3D planning, surgical navigation, and surgeon-controlled advanced diaphragm pump technology - why settle for less? robotic surgery, particularly for knee and hip implants. (Acrobot products currently are not available in the U.S.) The patient has NEW 2.1LPM•9psig•12in.Hg NEW a pre-operative CT scan and the CT data files are processed using PUMP! the Acrobot Modeller™ Software to produce a 3D model of the anatomy. This can then be imported by the surgeon into Acrobot Planner™ software, which produces an individual patient plan showing the exact positioning and size of the implant required. Planning can be performed pre-operatively or immediately prior to surgery, depending on surgeon preference. The patient-specific plan is then loaded into the Acrobot Navigator, a non-optical/non-electromagnetic navigation system that does not interfere with the surgical site and is housed NMP015.1.2 Air & Gas within a cart. The surgeon can see the actual versus planned Perfect for use in portable instruments. ISO position of each instrument to achieve accurate bone prepara- Lightweight, compact , quiet operation 9001:2000 tion. The system uses mechanical tracking arms attached Clean, corrosion-resistant oil-free transfer CERTIFIED through the main incision to monitor the position of the Integrated 2-head leaktight design for low pulsation patient relative to the instrumentation. For analyzers, medical devices, imaging, pneumatics Visit http://info.hotims.com/22916-148 for more information on Acrobot. DC, low EMI/RFI BLDC or ironless-core motors Small quantities available for prototyping use Your special OEM projects are always welcome ROBODOC Orthopedic Surgical System KNF applied its 60+ years of diaphragm pump experience to bring you a The ROBODOC® surgical system from CUREXO Tech- new pump designed to provide improved pneumatic performance and nology Corp. of Sacramento, CA, allows surgeons to pre-oper- smaller size.The 2-head design with integrated connectors results in low atively plan their surgery in a 3D virtual space and then exe- pulsation and minimum noise emissions. cute the surgery exactly as planned. An early prototype of the KNF NEUBERGER, INC. ROBODOC system was developed in 1986 when IBM’s Thomas Trenton, NJ 08691 609-890-8600 J. Watson Research Center and researchers at the University of datasheets at www.knfOEM.com PUMPS California, Davis, began collaborative development of a system

Free Info at http://info.hotims.com/22916-845 for Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA). The system includes ORTHODOC®, a computer workstation equipped with proprietary software for 3D preoperative surgical planning; and the ROBODOC Surgical Assistant, a computer-controlled surgical robot used for cavity and surface preparation for hip and knee replacements. ORTHODOC converts the CT scan of the patient’s joint into a 3D bone image, which can be manipulated by the surgeon to view bone and joint characteristics. A prosthetic image is selected from ORTHODOC’s digital library; the surgeon manipulates the 3D model against the CT bone image, allowing for optimal prosthetic selection and alignment. This virtual surgery creates a preoperative plan customized for each patient. In a primary THA procedure, the surgeon plans the femoral cavity preparation on the ORTHODOC, and can determine the specific brand, size, and type of prosthesis. The preoperative plan created on ORTHODOC is electronically transferred to the ROBODOC, which can precisely execute the plan. Using controlled, gentle pressure, the ROBODOC can mill the bone with submillimeter accuracy as specified by the preoperative plan. The robot mills cavities for hip implants, removes bone cement for revision surgeries, and planes the femoral and tibia surfaces for knee implants. Visit http://info.hotims.com/22916-149 for more information on ROBODOC.

The Future of Surgical Robotics Many of the systems currently in use are still in early genera- tions, and there seems to be no limit to the types of surgeries that will eventually be performed using robotic assistance. There are plans by some manufacturers of surgical robotics equipment to expand capabilities of the systems into procedures such as spine and cranial surgeries. Said Dr. Grossi, “I’m a believer in technology, and the systems are only going to get better.”

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Free Info at http://info.hotims.com/22916-847 ➮ Intro Cov ToC + – A ➭ Rebuilt Body Parts: Technology Puts a New Face On Disease and Disability

oldiers returning from the nologies and, in fact, often see Sconflict in Iraq, accident vic- them as superior ways to reduce tims, cancer patients, or those surgical time when the patient is with muscle-wasting diseases often open and exposed to infection. end up with grossly misshapen Third is 3D modeling software bodies for which there is no off- that better accommodates organ- the-shelf prosthetic. For these ic shapes. Traditional 3D CAD individuals, obtaining recon- modeling packages were created struct ed, rebuilt body parts is as for designing cars and aircraft, essential to treatment as ad- where geometric shapes could be dressing core activities of daily liv- readily extruded mathematically. ing. Yet even today, there’s no However, with complex, organic such thing as a spare cranium shapes – like the bones of the or jawbone. human body – the time required Recent advances in digital to create such models skyrockets. medical modeling are delivering Medical modelers increasingly customized human body parts reach for so-called sculptural with amazing new speed and effi- CAD solutions, such as the ciency, and putting a new face on FreeForm® modeling system from disease and disfigurement – liter- Figure 1. Orbital implant designed using sculptural CAD. (Photo SensAble Technologies because ally. Doctors today are ordering courtesy of Walter Reed Army Medical Center) they are designed to quickly and up just about any patient-specific easily handle the intricate organic body part, designed with digital perfec- ment has made custom implants more shapes of patient-specific implants. tion, in far less time and with improved adaptable for clinical use. Once I identi- The next advance is the rapid revolu- fit and patient ease. These custom body fy what I need from an implant, it’s tion from better scanners, 3D printers, parts are facilitating faster surgeries and almost a one-stop shop from data acqui- RP, and RM techniques, as well as bio- more complete patient recovery, as well sition to surgical modeling to implant compatible materials that knit into the as restoring patients both aesthetically creation and delivery.” patient’s own bone for faster re-growth. and emotionally. The second advance is the fact that “The next frontier is seeding these cus- younger, tech-savvy physicians and tech- tom scaffolds with cells and/or growth Materials and Digital Data nicians are comfortable with digital tech- so that the implant ultimately transitions Advances What’s behind the advances? First, is the digital transition. “The technology to create a digital 3D model has existed for some time, but it’s really taking off now because the process is vastly easier – from data acquisition to modeling and manufacturing,” said Dr. David G. Genecov, a craniomaxillo- facial surgeon and director of the International Craniofacial Insti- tute, who has provided numerous custom-made reconstructive implants to adults and children. “We frequently have to recon- struct just one side of the face, and computers can create a mirror image based on the normal side that’s far more accurate than hand- Figure 2. Facial asymmetry before and after surgery in a 16-year old female. White areas on the right are drawings. The technology improve- mandible implants designed in the FreeForm sculptural CAD system. (Photo courtesy of MedCAD, Inc.)

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Free Info at http://info.hotims.com/22916-848 ➮ Intro Cov ToC + – A ➭ Rebuilt Body Parts into bone; therefore, relieving side. Working with sculptural any stress of implant incompati- CAD, PDR’s staff moved from bility, movement, or extrusion. design to completion in approxi- We’re already doing similar pro- mately one-third less time than cedures in the skull,” Dr. using traditional wax models, and Genecov said. spared the patient lengthy chair- The final advance is the side appointments for fittings. A “Extreme Makeover” effect. Cele - panel of 13 experts rated the digi- brity makeovers have heightened tally created prosthesis as the expectations among consumers, same or better than a convention- according to Allen Andrews, ally created prosthesis in terms of president of AART, a full-service positional accuracy and shape. implant provider in Reno, NV that does one-third of their busi- Pectoral Muscle/Breast ness in patient-specific implants. Implant The firm has seen its custom Lopsidedness in other body implant business grow ten-fold in parts can also be addressed with the past ten years. custom reconstructive muscle implants. A fit, healthy woman in Extensive Military her mid-fifties was born with Applications Poland’s Syndrome, a condition With soldiers’ frequent expo- in which underdeveloped chest sure to blunt trauma, military muscles leave female patients medical centers are a logical with the appearance of having, at choice for digital medical model- best, only one breast, and at ing. Walter Reed Army Medical worst, a sunken depression next Center has operated a 3-D to the normal breast. The patient Medical Applications Center previously received off-the-shelf since 2004, and handled over Figure 3. Pectoral muscle/breast implant. A custom pectoral mus- breast implants with unsatisfacto- cle implant provides better support to an off-the-shelf breast 200 cases in 2008 alone. For implant for a woman with Poland’s syndrome. (Photo courtesy ry results. example, 3D lab technicians cre- MedCAD, Inc.) Using sculptural CAD to ated an orbital (eye socket) achieve the perfect fit, MedCAD implant for a soldier who sustained assisted Dr. Ron Caloss, now at the designed a custom pectus excavatum severe blunt trauma from a gunshot University of Mississippi, to plan for sur- implant to address the chest wall defor- wound to the head (see Figure 1). gery on a 16-year-old female with mity. The surgeon attached the implant Beginning with a CT scan of the sol- Langer-Giedion Syndrome. The disease to her intact muscle wall and used it as a dier’s intact left orbital bone structure, left her with an asymmetrical face (see solid foundation for addressing the the Center’s technician sculpted in “vir- Figure 2, “before” view) and pain while missing, undeveloped pectoral muscula- tual clay” to match the unique surface chewing. After importing her CT scan ture (see Figure 3). Using CAD technol- features and complicated geometries of data files, MedCAD made 3D models of ogy, MedCAD also was able to estimate the patient’s damaged orbital area. her face showing the precise degrees of and specify the best-fitting, off-the-shelf Because the eye socket has different con- movement required to realign her max- breast implant to match the opposite cavities, it is tricky to design — stretch- illa and mandible, and e-mailed them to side. The patient was thrilled to be sym- ing out side-to-side with unique geome- Dr. Caloss as 3D PDFs. Once he saw the metrical for the first time in her life. try based on the patient’s eye shape and digital 3D models, Dr. Caloss realized size, while also extending back into the through the surgical planning that the Custom-Made Dignity head. Special care was required to bones would collide, and therefore virtu- CAD technology isn’t just for making design the implant so that it could allow ally planned a better surgical approach car parts better, faster, and cheaper. sturdy attachment sites located on avail- by applying a custom mandibular Digital medical modeling techniques are able facial bones to allow the small implant that was perfectly shaped to the restoring physical normalcy to those with screws that hold it in place. Using digital new facial design. The result was a new, trauma-based deformities, life-threaten- modeling allowed the Walter Reed cen- symmetrical face for the young woman ing injury, or diseases. It is delivering cus- ter to complete a formerly three- to four- that required less surgery time and less tom replacement body parts with im - week process in days, or, in emergencies, risk overall (see Figure 2, “after” view). proved fit faster, and hastening their to design the model in 24 hours and return to the dignity and confidence that complete the finished sterile implant in Prosthetic Nose comes from a restored appearance. a week. The University of Wales Institute — This article was written by Dr. David Chen, Cardiff’s National Centre for Product Chief Technology Officer of SensAble Tech - Facial Asymmetry – Mandible Design & Development Research (PDR) nologies, Inc. in Woburn, MA, and Nancy Implant — and the Maxillofacial Lab at Morriston Hairston, President of MedCAD in Dallas, TX. Many times, disease causes facial asym- Hospital, Swansea, digitally created a For more information on SensAble Technologies, metry that warrants the creation of nasal prosthesis for a male in his early six- visit http://info.hotims.com/22916-175; for replacement bones. MedCAD, a Dallas- ties with cancer. The prosthesis is held on more on MedCAD, visit http://info.hotims. based medical modeling service bureau, the face by small magnets on its under- com/22916-146.

12 www.techbriefs.com Medical Design Briefs, May 2009 ➮ Intro Cov ToC + – A ➭ GETGET OUTOUT OFOF THETHE ICEICE AA GEGE Cycle From -40 °C to + 100 °C

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Free Info at http://info.hotims.com/22916-849 ➮ Intro Cov ToC + – A ➭ Retina Implant Treats Disease-Related Blindness

illions of people with diseases that starve eye tissue and With the artificial retina device, a miniature camera Mnerves of oxygen may avoid blindness with a procedure mounted in eyeglasses captures images and wirelessly sends developed by researchers at the U.S. Depart ment of Energy’s the information to a microprocessor (worn on a belt) that Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), the University of converts the data to an electronic signal and transmits it to Southern California, and the a receiver on the eye. The receiver University of Tennessee. sends the signals through a tiny, The technique uses “smart” prosthet- thin cable to the microelectrode ic implants to provide oxy gen to retinal array, stimulating it to emit pulses. tissue being deprived of oxygen because The artificial retina device bypass- of restricted blood flow. This condition es defunct photoreceptor cells occurs mostly in patients with diabetic and transmits electrical signals retinopathy, which is caused by changes directly to the retina’s remaining in the blood vessels of the retina. Those viable cells. The pulses travel to with diabetic retinopathy at first may the optic nerve and, ultimately, to not notice changes to their vision. But the brain, which perceives pat- over time, diabetic retinopathy can get terns of light and dark spots corre- worse and cause vision loss. sponding to the electrodes stimu- The procedure involves surgically lated. Patients learn to interpret implanting a feedback-controlled these visual patterns. three-electrode electrolysis system that Three models are now in devel- stimulates production of oxygen near With the artificial retina, a miniature camera mounted in opment or testing. Model 1, with 16 eyeglasses captures images and wirelessly sends the infor- the retina. The electrodes provide mation to a microprocessor hat converts the data to an electrodes in a one-inch package, small amounts of current in very short electronic signal and transmits it to a receiver on the eye. has been implanted in six patients. pulses — about 200 microseconds. The receiver sends the signals through a cable to the Each of these previously blind indi- microelectrode array, stimulating it to emit pulses. The This results in a rapid production of artificial retina bypasses defunct photoreceptor cells and viduals has since been able to detect oxygen and suppressed production of transmits electrical signals directly to the retina’s remain- light, identify objects in the sur- chlorine, which is potentially harmful. ing viable cells. The pulses travel to the optic nerve and, rounding environment, and even ultimately, to the brain, which perceives patterns of light By using three electrodes and a and dark spots corresponding to the electrodes stimulat- perceive motion. feedback loop made possible by ed. (U.S. DOE) Clinical trials for a second, more implanting a “ground” electrode compact device with 60 electrodes behind the patient’s ear, the team is able to maintain constant are underway with U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) pH in the area being treated. At the same time, any pH drift permission. A third, far less invasive and higher-resolution can be exported to a surface-accessible region where it can be model is under development. Second Sight Medical Products easily dealt with. manufactured the Model 1 and Model 2 devices (the latter This new technique builds upon the DOE’s successful artificial with DOE contributions), and will integrate DOE technologies retina project begun in 2004 at ORNL in which Elias Greenbaum into the third design. and his colleagues at ORNL’s Chemical Sciences Division were The second-generation retinal prosthesis is designed to last a joined by Dr. Mark Humayun of the Doheny Eye Institute and lifetime and contains 60 electrodes embedded in a tiny array. The Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern array is surgically attached to the retinal surface and used in con- California, and Dan Close of the University of Tennessee. junction with an external camera and video-processing system to provide rudimentary sight to the implanted subjects. Fitting neat- Project History ly into the eye’s socket, the new prosthesis is only about a quarter The DOE’s Artificial Retina Project is a collaborative, multi- of the size of the original retinal implant, thereby dramatically institutional effort to develop an implantable microelectronic reducing surgery and, potentially, recovery times. retinal device that restores useful vision to people blinded by reti- A third implant model under development will have more nal diseases. The ultimate goal of the project is to restore reading than 200 electrodes and use more advanced materials than ability, facial recognition, and unaided mobility in people with those in the two previous models. A special coating, only a retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration. few microns thick, will replace the bulky sealed package used Described as a group of inherited eye diseases that affect the in the other models. Additionally, the new model will be con- retina, RP causes degeneration of the photoreceptor cells that structed of flexible materials that conform to the shape of the enable sight by capturing and processing light. Normal vision inner eye and will be many times smaller than earlier models. begins when light enters and moves through the eye to strike spe- Eventually, the DOE collaborators hope to produce a 1,000- cialized photoreceptor (light-receiving) cells in the retina called electrode device that potentially could restore enough sight to rods and cones. These cells convert light signals to electric enable facial recognition and even the ability to read large print, impulses that are sent to the optic nerve and the brain. Retinal in addition to unaided mobility. diseases like age-related macular degeneration and RP destroy For more information on the DOE’s Artificial Retina Project, visit vision by annihilating these cells. http://artificialretina.energy.gov/

14 wwww.techbriefs.com Medical Design Briefs, May 2009 ➮ Intro Cov ToC + – A ➭ Three-Dimensional Optical Coherence Tomography Advantages over prior OCT systems include less bulk and greater speed. John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio

Three-dimensional (3D) optical coher- by means of a combination of electronic OCT system also includes a probe of ence tomography (OCT) is an advanced scanning along the optical (Z) axis and improved design and utilizes advanced method of noninvasive infrared imaging mechanical scanning along the two axes signal-processing techniques. Improve- of tissues in depth. Heretofore, commer- (X and Y) orthogonal to the optical axis. ments in performance over prior OCT cial OCT systems for 3D imaging have In 3D OCT, 3D imaging involves a form systems include finer resolution, greater been designed principally for external of electronic scanning (without mechani- speed, and greater depth of field. ophthalmological examination. As cal scanning) along all three axes. Figure 1 includes a simplified sche - explained below, such systems have been Consequently, the need for mechanical matic representation of the optical sub- based on a one-dimensional OCT princi- adjustment is minimal and the mecha- system of a typical prior OCT system. ple, and in the operation of such a sys- nism used to position the OCT probe can In this system, near-infrared light from tem, 3D imaging is accomplished partly be correspondingly more compact. A 3D an incandescent lamp or other low- coherence source is sent through optical fibers and a fiber-optic coupler to a Piezoelectric Transducer reference mirror. Some of the light is also sent through the fiber optics to a Lens Optical Fiber lens that, in turn, focuses the light to a Fiber-Optic Coupler point that lies at or near the depth of Light Source interest in a specimen. In the fiber- optic coupler, light reflected from the Reference Mirror reference mirror is combined with light scattered from a focal point in the Photodetector specimen and is then sent along another optical fiber to a photodetector. Lens When the length of the optical path Specimen SCHEMATIC OPTICAL LAYOUT from the light source to the mirror equals or nearly equals the corresponding length to the focal point in the specimen, the photodetector puts out a Envelope signal representing a pixel at the focal point in the specimen. Scanning along Instantaneous the depth (Z) axis is accomplished by Amplitude using the piezoelectric transducer to move the reference mirror closer to, or farther from, the light source. Scanning along the X and Y axes is or Envelope Amplitu d e Instantaneous Amplitu d e Time During Transducer Actuation Cycle or accomplished by mechanical motion of Corresponding Mirror Displacement the probe along X and Y. The lower part of Figure 1 depicts a INSTRUMENTAL RESPONSE (POINT-SPREAD FUNCTION) typical instrumental response (point- spread function) in the photodetector Figure 1. In a Typical Prior OCT System, scanning in Z involves piezoelectric actuation of the reference output obtained in scanning along the Z mirror, and scanning in X and Y is involves mechanical motion of the probe. axis. The response includes oscillations attributable to interference between the

Amplitude Modulator Multimode Optical Fiber Phase Shifter Connector ϕ 11 x 1 AM1 4 X or Y 2 Light Source AM2 4 2 Point-Spread 3 ϕ Function y 3 1 AM3 2 3 Personal ϕ 4 Computer z Single Mode Optical Fibers To Fiber Tips Z Point-Spread AM4 Disposable Probe Function Photodetector MAGNIFIED VIEW OF PROBE TIP Optical Fibers

Figure 2. In a 3D OCT System, scanning in all three dimensions involves a combination of amplitude modulation, nonlinear detection, and advanced signal processing.

Medical Design Briefs, May 2009 www.techbriefs.com 15 ➮ Intro Cov ToC + – A ➭ light scattered from a point in the speci- • Instead of utilizing lenses and a piezo- men and light scattered from the mirror. electric actuation of a reference mir- As the Z displacement increases, the ror to effect scanning in Z and focus- contrast of the interference pattern is ing in conjunction with mechanical reduced by the loss of coherence. scanning in X and Y, the system uti- Usually, the envelope of the oscillations lizes a combination of (1) amplitude (in contradistinction to the oscillations modulation of the light in the three themselves) is what is measured. In such illuminating optical fibers and of a a case, the width of the envelope and, portion of the source light sent direct- thus, the depth resolution, is compara- ly to the photodetector, (2) nonlinear ble to the coherence length of the light detection, and (3) an advanced signal- source. processing technique that, among Figure 2 includes a simplified sche - other things, exploits the 3D nature of matic representation of the optical sub- the interference pattern in order to system of a 3D OCT system. This system obtain (4) a 3D point-spread function is based partly on the same principles as that affords localization in X, Y, and Z. those of the prior system. However, In principle, because mechanical there are several important differences: scanning is no longer necessary, it is • Light from the source is fed through a possible to achieve scanning at a video more-complex fiber-optic subsystem, frame rate. not only to a photodiode but to three This work was done by Mikhail Gutin, Xu- single-mode optical fibers on a probe. Ming Wang, and Olga Gutin of Applied Light emerging from the tips of these Science Innovations, Inc. for Glenn Research three fibers illuminates the specimen Center. For more information, download the and creates a 3D interference pattern Technical Support Package (free white in the specimen. paper) at www.techbriefs.com/tsp under the • Light scattered from the specimen is Bio-Medical category. collected and sent to the photodetec- Inquiries concerning rights for the commer- tor by a wider, multimode optical fiber. cial use of this invention should be addressed The probe containing the illuminating to NASA Glenn Research Center, Innovative ExpertsInPrecision single-mode fibers and the light-col- Partnerships Office, Attn: Steve Fedor, Mail lecting multimode optical fibers is sig- Stop 4–8, 21000 Brookpark Road, Laser Contract nificantly smaller and more rugged, Cleveland, Ohio 44135. Refer to LEW- relative to a lens-containing probe in a 18352-1. Manufacturing prior OCT system.

• Over 30 Years of Experience • R&D Engineering Isolation of Precursor Cells From • Production Laser Machining Waste Solid Fat Tissue of Most Materials: Metals, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas Plastics, Rubber, Polymers Ceramics & Composites A process for isolating tissue-specific progenitor cells are recovered and ic progenitor cells exploits solid fat tis- placed in a tissue-culture medium in • Laser Welding sue obtained as waste from such elec- flasks or Petri dishes. The tissue-spe- • Laser Drilling tive surgical procedures as abdomino- cific progenitor cells can be used for plasties (“tummy tucks”) and breast such purposes as (1) generating • Laser Scribing reductions. Until now, a painful and three-dimensional tissue equivalent risky process of aspiration of bone models for studying bone loss and • Electropolishing marrow has been used to obtain a lim- muscle atrophy (among other defi- ited number of tissue-specific progen- ciencies) and, ultimately, (2) generat- • Fully or Semi-Automated itor cells. ing replacements for tissues lost by Application Development The present process yields more tis- the fat donor because of injury or dis- sue-specific progenitor cells and ease. • ISO 9001:2008 Registered involves much less pain and risk for This work was done by Diane Byerly of the patient. This process includes Johnson Space Center and Marguerite A. Call For A Free Quotation separation of fat from skin, mincing Sognier of Universities Space Research Tel: 800.830.3070 of the fat into small pieces, and forc- Association. For more information, down- ing a fat saline mixture through a load the Technical Support Package (free sieve. The mixture is then digested white paper) at www.techbriefs.com/tsp www.laserage.com with collagenase type I in an incuba- under the Bio-Medical category. MSC- tor. After centrifugation tissue-specif- 23775-1

Free Info at http://info.hotims.com/22916-862 www.techbriefs.com Medical Design Briefs, May 2009 ➮ Intro Cov ToC + – A ➭ Benchtop Antigen Detection Technique Using Nanofiltration and Fluorescent Dyes This technique can help to monitor the quality of water by testing for contamination at restaurants, water treatment plants, and food processing plants. John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio

The designed benchtop technique is and will bind to the respective antigens present, are removed via the nanofiltra- primed to detect bacteria and viruses if present. To eliminate any false position process using a portable, table-top from antigenic surface marker proteins tives, excess antibodies, i.e., those anti- centrifuge. The remaining NIR dye/ in solutions, initially water. This inclu- bodies not bound to an antigenic pro- antibody and antigenic protein pairs left sive bio-immunoassay uniquely com- tein or those with no respective antigen on the nanofilter are transferred to bines nanofiltration and near infrared (NIR) dyes conjugated to antibodies to isolate and distinguish microbial antigens, using laser excitation and spectro- metric analysis. The project goals include detecting microorganisms aboard the International Space Station, space shuttle, Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV), and human habitats on future Moon and Mars missions, ensuring astronaut safety. The technique is intended to improve and advance water contamination testing both commer- cially and environmentally as well. Lastly, this streamlined technique poses to greatly simplify and expedite testing of pathogens in complex matrices, such as blood, in hospital and laboratory In the ER, the OR, or your clinics. The approach relies on NIR fluores- MD’s office, you can rely cent dyes derivatized to specific antibody sets that are selected to bind and differ- on Master Bond entiate microbial surface proteins, termed antigens. In a solution containing an antigenic slurry, NIR conjugated Reliable Solutions For The antibodies are added to the mixture, Assembly of Medical Devices

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Medical Design Briefs, May 2009 Free Info at http://info.hotims.com/22916-850 17 ➮ Intro Cov ToC + – A ➭ cuvette, excited by an NIR laser, and hours) produced an increased percent- Research Center. For more information, down- detected by spectrometer. Using simple age of antigen detection. Further testing load the Technical Support Package (free computer software, the results are easily at incubation times such as 1 hour or white paper) at www.techbriefs.com/tsp interpreted as intensity peaks at the lower could potentially increase positive under the Bio-Medical category. appropriate NIR offset wavelength emis- predictability based on the study’s Inquiries concerning rights for the commer- sion. results. Also encouraging were negative cial use of this invention should be addressed Initial data reveal the assay sensitively control experiments with nonspecific to NASA Glenn Research Center, Innovative identified antigens at intensity counts of antigens, beta galactosidase and thy- Partnerships Office, Attn: Steve Fedor, Mail 100 IC or higher (or roughly 36 pW) roglobulin, which showed results of 100 Stop 4–8, 21000 Brookpark Road, with an accuracy of 85 percent for 2- percent accuracy, with no false positive Cleveland, Ohio 44135. Refer to LEW- hour incubations and 75 percent for 3- detection. 18387-1. hour incubations. Interestingly, samples This work was done by Maximilian C. incubated for less time (2 hours vs 3 Scardelletti and Vanessa Varaljay of Glenn

Wireless, Handheld Electronic Medical Record Application Healthcare providers can view, update, and share patient information from a handheld device. Delphi Medical Systems, Troy, Michigan PocketChart™, available in numer- format, transmit prescriptions to phar- patient demographic in formation and ous medical specialty editions, is a wire- macies, and capture billing codes. appointments and to retrieve appropriate less, handheld electronic medical Electronic data entry helps promote billing codes for prompt processing). record application that will help physi- medical record accuracy. The applica- • User manuals and video tutorials. cians increase productivity, reduce tion also features over 300 clinically • Synchronizing capability. Using cradle, transcription costs, and increase rev- tested note templates, point-and-click WiFi, Bluetooth®, or infrared, patient enue through improved code levels. operation with customizable menus, notes and electronic prescriptions PocketChart enables a PocketPC to synchronized appointments and billing (with RxFax option) can be transmit- synchronize with a desktop computer, code reports, an E&M Code Wizard ted or printed directly from Pocket- allowing healthcare providers to con- that reads and codes notes, and RxFax Chart to local or network printers. It tinuously update, view, exchange, and ePrescriber that electronically trans- connects wirelessly in the clinic, hospi- print patient information. It is mits prescriptions to pharmacies tal, or on the road. designed for use at point-of-care in a nationwide. The General Surgery & Trauma/ variety of clinical settings including Standard features include: Critical Care Edition is designed for hospitals, homes, and extended-care • PocketChart v 3.5 software (single physicians in the general surgery, trau- facilities. device license). ma, and critical care fields. It includes: PocketChart integrates numerous • Desktop Manager, which integrates all of • Special general surgery, trauma, and functions, allowing physicians to easily the PocketChart desktop configurations critical care note structures for intake, and quickly download patient lists, cre- into one application/location such as daily progress notes, procedure notes, ate patient notes in a HCFA-compliant PCView (enables PocketChart to be run and operative reports. via a desktop PC), Tem - • ICD9 and CPT codes specific for gen- plate Manager (trans- eral surgery, trauma, and critical care, fers templates be tween preloaded in personal and reference Pocket Chart and PC), code lists for quick entry. Backup Man ager (trans- • Thomson Mobile PDR medication fers back up files be - database, including drug interaction tween Pocket Chart and checks and more than 1,200 common- PC), Print Manager ly used medications. The database (auto matically prints all automatically updates each time queued documents to PocketChart is synchronized and con- PC’s default printer or nected to the Internet. physician can select spe- PocketChart runs desktop Microsoft® cific files for printing), Windows® PC running 98/NT/2000/XP Desktop Template Edi- OS, and Windows Mobile 5.0 PocketPC tor (customizes tem- 2002-2003/HPC 2000/Win CE version plates to match personal 4.2-3.0x with 16 MB RAM minimum. preferences), and Desk - This technology is offered by Delphi Medical The PocketChart Application lets healthcare providers track patient top Link Scheduler Systems. For more information, view the yet2.com data, medications, and lab tests from one handheld device. (allows staff to enter TechPak at http://info.hotims.com/22916-171.

18 www.techbriefs.com Medical Design Briefs, May 2009 ➮ Intro Cov ToC + – A ➭ Identification of Bacteria and Determination of Biological Indicators Identifying mechanisms of micro-organisms can prevent forward contamination in space missions and can help in developing new antibiotics and amino acids. NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California

The ultimate goal of planetary protec- surfaces is of major concern to NASA ity methods. It would be devastating to tion research is to develop superior and others commissioning modern-day the integrity of a mission directed at strategies for inactivating resistance-bear- space exploration. The search for life pristine environments such as the ing micro-organisms like Rummelibacillus elsewhere in the solar system will rely Europa’s subsurface ocean or the stabekisii. By first identifying the particu- heavily on validated cleaning and steril- Martian polar caps to be compromised lar physiologic pathway and/or structural component of the cell/spore that affords it such elevated tolerance, eradication regimes can then be designed to HEAT AND COOL LIQUIDS target these resistance-conferring moi- eties without jeopardizing the structural integrity of spacecraft hardware. Fur- Liquid Chillers thermore, hospitals and government agencies frequently use biological indicators to ensure the efficacy of a wide range of sterilization processes. The spores of Bench Top, OEM, Rummelibacillus stabekisii, which are far more resistant to many of such perturba- tions, could likely serve as a more signifi- and Rack Mount cant biological indicator for potential survival than those being used currently. TECA Liquid Chillers are a compact Numerous surveys of the contami- and reliable alternative to nant microbial diversity housed within spacecraft assembly facilities over the conventional recirculating liquid past six years have resulted in the recur- coolers. Many different versions rent isolation of spore-forming bacteria and platforms give the designer belonging to the Bacillus genus. As a wide range of choices where Bacillus species are capable of existing maximum flexibility is key. as metabolically inactive, extremely hardy spores, many lineages exhibit • Single set point or program temperature vs. time profiles remarkable resilience to varying modes of bioreduction/sterilization aimed at • Control tolerance capability of within ± 0.1 ºC their eradication (UV and gamma radi- • Use internal or external RTD sensor ation, oxidizing disinfectants, etc.). The microorganism Rummelibacillus • Multi segment ramp and soak programming stabekisii sp. nov. was isolated from the surfaces of the cleanroom facility in • Quiet fan design which the Mars Exploration Rovers • RS232 communications (MER) underwent assembly. This bacterium has not been previously report- • Optional OPC scope and OPC server porgrams ed, and shows no close relation to any previously described species (as is • Optional RS232 - USB adapter with software assessed via 16S rRNA gene sequence • Optional cascades for cooling down to -40 ºC comparison). This unique isolate, and the Bacillus species most genetically • Optional stainless steel heat exchanger similar to it, were subjected to a multi- tude of biochemical tests in order to • Multiple pump options thoroughly characterize its taxonomic • Multiple control options position based on physiological and phylogenetic evidence. The results Another versatile product from TECA clearly show that this bacterium is sig- For more information visit www.teca.us nificantly different from its nearest rel- ® atives. Contact TECA today! 1-888-832-2872 The microbial colonization of spacecraft and cleanroom assembly facility

Medical Design Briefs, May 2009 Free Info at http://info.hotims.com/22916-851 19 ➮ Intro Cov ToC + – A ➭ as a result of terrestrial microbial con- ultraviolet and gamma radiation than every novel micro-organism isolated tamination. To this end, planetary pro- other wild type spore formers, have nev- from these spacecraft-associated clean- tection policies are in place to ensure ertheless been shown to survive up to rooms. the cleanliness and sterility of mission- six years under interstellar space condi- This work was done by Kasthuri critical spacecraft components in order tions. Previously undescribed spore- Venkateswaran, Myron T. La Duc, and to prevent forward or backward con- forming species, such as Rummelibacillus Parag A. Vaishampayan of Caltech for tamination. stabekisii, may exhibit even greater NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. For more Spores of Bacillus subtilis, a model resilience. It is in the best interests of information, contact [email protected]. spore-forming laboratory strain that NASA to thoroughly understand the NPO-46221. demonstrates higher susceptibility to physiological capabilities of each and

Further Development of Scaffolds for Regeneration of Nerves Scale-up toward clinically significant dimensions has been partially completed. NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California

Progress has been made in continuing PMMA fibers in a tube, filling the inter- For repairs of the central nervous sys- research on scaffolds for the guided stices in the tube with a hot agarose solu- tem, there is an additional requirement growth of nerves to replace damaged tion, cooling to turn the solution into a that each scaffold contain between ones. The scaffolds contain pores that are gel, and then immersion in acetone to about 100 and about 1,000 pores; for approximately cylindrical and parallel, dissolve the PMMA fibers. The scaffolds repairs of peripheral nerves, there is a with nearly uniform widths ranging from were typically limited to about 25 pores requirement for sustained or timed tens to hundreds of microns. At the earli- per scaffold, square cross sections of no release of brain-derived neurotrophic er stage of development, experimental more than about 1.5 by 1.5 mm, and factor (BDNF) or another suitable scaffolds had been made from agarose lengths of no more than about 2 mm. nerve-growth agent to enable growth to hydrogel. Such a scaffold was made in a To be clinically relevant, the scaffolds continue to the required lengths. multistep process in which poly(methyl must be scaled up: They are required to The work performed since the earlier methacrylate) [PMMA] fibers were used have typical cross-sectional dimensions stage has been oriented toward satisfying as templates for the pores. The process of the order of 1 cm and to have lengths these and other requirements. The work included placement of a bundle of the in the approximate range of 2 to 2.5 cm. has included development of a more-

Peripheral Peripheral Nerve Nerve

Reservoir of Nerve-Growth Agent

>5 mm

Agarose Hydrogel

Reservoir

Channels

CROSS SECTION

A Nerve-Growth Scaffold containing a reservoir of a nerve-growth agent would be attached to severed ends of a peripheral nerve.

20 www.techbriefs.com Medical Design Briefs, May 2009 ➮ Intro Cov ToC + – A ➭ complex version of the prior multistep rate, into scaffolds, reservoirs containing from the reservoir to the channels by dif- process that has made it possible to part- such agents. In cases in which the agent fusion through the agarose hydrogel ly satisfy the scaling-up requirements in is BDNF, the proposal encompasses an matrix. that scaffolds having cross sections alternative approach in which the reser- This work was done by Jeffrey Sakamoto of exceeding 1 cm2 in area and lengths up voirs would be filled with genetically Caltech and Mark Tuszynski of UC San to 1 cm have been fabricated. One engineered cells that secrete BDNF. The Diego for NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. notable feature of the present version of figure illustrates the proposal as it might In accordance with Public Law 96-517, the process is a multistep subprocess in be implemented in a scaffold that would the contractor has elected to retain title to this which a template of polystyrene (PS) be attached to the severed ends of a invention. Inquiries concerning rights for its fibers is made from a composite of poly- peripheral nerve. Attached to the scaf- commercial use should be addressed to: styrene fibers surrounded by a continu- fold would be open-ended sleeves that Innovative Technology Assets Management ous PMMA matrix. Another notable fea- would enable attachment to the severed JPL ture of the present version of the process nerve ends. The pores in the scaffold Mail Stop 202-233 is the use of centrifugation to ensure would serve as channels to guide the 4800 Oak Grove Drive complete permeation of the template by growth of the nerve ends toward each Pasadena, CA 91109-8099 the hot agarose solution. other. The reservoir containing the E-mail: [email protected] To satisfy the requirement for sus- nerve-growth agent would be integrated Refer to NPO-45303, volume and number tained or timed release of nerve-growth into the outer wall of the scaffold. The of this NASA Tech Briefs issue, and the agents, it has been proposed to incorpo- nerve-growth agent would be delivered page number.

Chemically Assisted Photocatalytic Oxidation System Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas

The chemically assisted photocatalytic of an air-handling system that ventilates redundant treatments. In the upstream oxidation system (CAPOS) has been pro- an indoor environment. The CAPOS stage, the air stream and, optionally, sur- posed for destroying microorganisms would comprise an upstream and a faces of the air-handling system would be and organic chemicals that may be sus- downstream stage that would implement treated with ozone, which would be gen- pended in the air or present on surfaces a tandem combination of two partly erated from oxygen in the air by means

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Medical Design Briefs, May 2009 Free Info at http://info.hotims.com/22916-852 21 ➮ Intro Cov ToC + – A ➭ of an electrical discharge or ultraviolet and ozone from the first stage would be In accordance with Public Law 96-517, light. In the second stage, the air laden photocatalytically degraded to O2. The the contractor has elected to retain title to this with ozone and oxidation products from net products of the two-stage treatment invention. Inquiries concerning rights for its the first stage would be made to flow in would be H2O, CO2, and O2. commercial use should be addressed to: contact with a silica-titania photocatalyst This work was done by Jean Andino, University of Florida exposed to ultraviolet light in the pres- Chang-Yu Wu, David Mazyck, and Arthur A. Environmental Engineering ence of water vapor. Hydroxyl radicals Teixeira of the University of Florida for Johnson Weil Hall generated by the photocatalytic action Space Center. For more information, down- Gainesville, FL 32611 would react with both carbon-containing load the Technical Support Package (free Refer to MSC-23828-1, volume and num- chemicals and microorganisms to even- white paper) at www.techbriefs.com/tsp ber of this NASA Tech Briefs issue, and the tually produce water and carbon dioxide, under the Bio-Medical category. page number.

Use of Atomic Oxygen for Increased Water Contact Angles of Various Polymers for Biomedical Applications Improved polymer hydrophilicity is beneficial for cell culturing and implant growth. John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio

The purpose of this study was to deter- each polymer was exposed to a maxi- is more likely the contributor to increased mine the effect of atomic oxygen (AO) mum fluence of 5.16 × 1020 atoms/cm2. hydrophilicity than texture, as texture exposure on the hydrophilicity of nine It was determined that after the short- continues to develop with fluence. The different polymers for biomedical appli- est atomic oxygen exposure (fluence of water contact angles of fluorinated poly- cations. Atomic oxygen treatment can 2.07 × 1018 atoms/cm2), non-fluorinated mers were found to change significantly alter the chemistry and morphology of polymer samples became significantly less than non-fluorinated polymers for polymer surfaces, which may increase more hydrophilic than their pristine equivalent atomic oxygen exposures, and the adhesion and spreading of cells on counterparts. This may be due to either two of the fluorinated polymers became Petri dishes and enhance implant surface texture changes or oxidation more hydrophobic. growth. Therefore, nine different poly- functionality surface changes. Despite Significant decreases in the post-expo- mers were exposed to atomic oxygen and long-term exposure (fluence of 5.16 × sure water contact angle were measured water-contact angle, or hydrophilicity, 1020 atoms/cm2), the water contact for non-fluorinated polymers. The was measured after exposure. To deter- angles remained relatively unchanged majority of change in water contact mine whether hydrophilicity remains after the initial exposure. This implies angle was found to occur with very low static after initial atomic oxygen expo- that increasing the atomic oxygen fluence fluence exposures, indicating potential sure, or changes with higher fluence after an initial short exposure did not fur- cell culturing and other biomedical ben- exposures, the contact angles between ther affect the hydrophilicity of the poly- efits with very short treatment time. the polymer and water droplet placed on mers. Rather, polymers were affected by a This work was done by Kim de Groh of Glenn the polymer’s surface were measured ver- very short exposure (<1 × 1019 atoms/cm2). Research Center; Lauren Berger and Lily sus AO fluence. The polymers were This indicates that oxidation functionality Roberts of Hathaway Brown School; and Bruce exposed to atomic oxygen in a 100-W, Abbreviation Polymer Name Trade Name Thickness 13.56-MHz radio frequency (RF) plasma asher, and the treatment was found to significantly alter the hydrophilicity of PE Polyethylene Alathon; Lupolen 2 mil non-fluorinated polymers. Pristine samples were compared with PET Polyethylene terephthalate Mylar A 2 mil samples that had been exposed to AO at various fluence levels. Minimum and POM Polyoxymethylene Delrin; Celcon 4 mil maximum fluences for the ashing trials were set based on the effective AO ero- PS Polystyrene Lustrex; Polystyrol 2 mil sion of a Kapton witness coupon in the asher. The time intervals for ashing were PP Polypropylene Profax; Propathene 20 mil determined by finding the logarithmic values of the minimum and maximum PMMA Polymethylmethacrylate Plexiglas; Lucite 2 mil fluences. The difference of these two values was divided by the desired number FEP Fluorinated ethylene propylene Teflon FEP 2 mil of intervals (ideally 10). The initial desired fluence was then multiplied by PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene Fluon; Teflon 2 mil this result (2.37), as was each subsequent desired fluence. The flux in the PCTFE Polychlorotrifluoroethylene Neoflon CTFE M-300 5 mil asher was determined to be approximately 3.0 × 1015 atoms/cm2 sec, and Polymers Tested for atomic oxygen-altered hydrophilicity.

22 www.techbriefs.com Medical Design Briefs, May 2009 ➮ Intro Cov ToC + – A ➭ Banks of Alphaport. For more information, addressed to NASA Glenn Research Center, download the Technical Support Package (free Innovative Partnerships Office, Attn: Steve white paper) at www.techbriefs.com/tsp under Fedor, Mail Stop 4–8, 21000 Brookpark the Bio-Medical category. Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44135. Refer to Inquiries concerning rights for the com- LEW-18386-1. mercial use of this invention should be

Open-Access, Low-Magnetic-Field MRI System for Lung Research MOTION CONTROL Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas SOLUTIONS FOR An open-access magnetic resonance coils and associated circuitry to apply a imaging (MRI) system is being devel- pulsed magnetic-field-gradient for MEDICAL oped for use in research on orientation- each spatial dimension; a single, al/gravitational effects on lung physiol- detachable radio-frequency coil and APPLICATIONS... ogy and function. The open-access associated circuitry for inducing and geometry enables study of human sub- detecting MRI signals; a table for sup- jects in diverse orientations. This sys- porting a horizontal subject; and elec- INDUSTRIAL tem operates at a magnetic flux density, tromagnetic shielding surrounding the SHOCK considerably smaller than the flux den- electromagnet coils. ABSORBERS sities of typical other MRI systems, that This work was done by Ross W. Mair, can be generated by resistive electro- Matthew S. Rosen, Leo L. Tsai, and Ronald magnet coils (instead of the more- L. Walsworth of the Harvard-Smithsonian HYDRAULIC expensive superconducting coils of the Center for Astrophysics; Mirko I. Hrovat of DAMPERS other systems). Mirtech, Inc.; Samuel Patz of Brigham and The human subject inhales air con- Women’s Hospital; and Iullian C. Ruset and 3 129 taining He or Xe atoms, the nu cle - F. William Hersman of the University of New GAS ar spins of which have been polarized Hampshire for Johnson Space Center. SPRINGS by use of a laser beam to obtain a mag- In accordance with Public Law 96-517, Available in 316L netic resonance that enables high-reso- the contractor has elected to retain title to this stainless steel lution gas space imaging at the low invention. Inquiries concerning rights for its applied magnetic field. The system commercial use should be addressed to: TUBUS includes a bi-planar, constant-current, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics ELASTOMER four-coil electromagnet assembly and Cambridge, MA 02138 BUMPERS associated electronic circuitry to apply Refer to MSC-24182-1/3-1, volume and a static magnetic field of 6.5 mT number of this NASA Tech Briefs issue, and throughout the lung volume; planar the page number. ROTARY DAMPERS

Microfluidic Mixing Technology for a ACE products offer controlled motion for MRI units, mail order Universal Health Sensor drug dispensing machines, surgical John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio scrub dispensing machines, medical beds, lighting equipment, test A highly efficient means of microflu- ing two streams of fluid into an elliptical or idic mixing has been created for use curvilinear design that allows the combina- equipment lid control, laboratory with the rHEALTH sensor — an ellipti- tion of the flows into one channel. The cabinets and ambulance gurneys. cal mixer and passive curvilinear mixing mixing is accomplished by either chaotic patterns. The rHEALTH sensor provides advection around micro fluidic loops. rapid, handheld, complete blood count, All components of the microfluidic cell differential counts, electrolyte meas- chip are flow-through, meaning that urements, and other lab tests based on a cleaning solution can be introduced 23435 Industrial Park Drive reusable, flow-based microfluidic plat- into the chip to flush out cells, plasma Farmington Hills, MI 48335 form. proteins, and dye. Tests were performed P: 800.521.3320 / F: 248.476.2470 These geometries allow for cleaning in a on multiple chip geometries to show e-mail: [email protected] reusable manner, and also allow for com- that cleaning is efficient in any flow- plete mixing of fluid streams. The through design. The conclusion from www.acecontrols.com microfluidic mixing is performed by flow- these experiments is that the chip can

Medical Design Briefs, May 2009 www.techbriefs.com Free Info at http://info.hotims.com/22916-853 ➮ Intro Cov ToC + – A ➭ indeed be flushed out with microliter ations. It also can be used for daily Inquiries concerning rights for the commer- volumes of solution and biological sam- meas urement of hematocrit for pa - cial use of this invention should be addressed ples are cleaned readily from the chip tients on anticoagulant drugs, or to to NASA Glenn Research Center, Innovative with minimal effort. detect acute myocardial damage out- Partnerships Office, Attn: Steve Fedor, Mail The technology can be applied in side a hospital. Stop 4–8, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, real-time health monitoring at patient’s This work was done by Eugene Y Chan Ohio 44135. Refer to LEW-18391-1. bedside or in a doctor’s office, and real- and Candice Bae of DNA Medicine Institute time clinical intervention in acute situ- for Glenn Research Center.

Microwell Arrays for Studying Many Individual Cells Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas “Laboratory-on-a-chip” devices that microfluidic network formed in a layer In accordance with Public Law 96-517, enable the simultaneous culturing and of poly(dimethylsiloxane) on the under- the contractor has elected to retain title to this interrogation of many individual living side of the chip. The microfluidic net- invention. Inquiries concerning rights for its cells have been invented. Each such work makes it possible to address wells commercial use should be addressed to: device includes a silicon nitride-coated (and, thus, cells) individually to supply ROI Coordinator silicon chip containing an array of them with selected biochemicals. The Office of Technology Licensing micromachined wells sized so that each microfluidic channels also provide elec- University of Washington well can contain one cell in contact or trical contact to the bottoms of the wells. 1107 NE 45th Street, Suite 200 proximity with a patch clamp or other This work was done by Albert Folch and Seattle, WA 98105 suitable single-cell-interrogating device. Turgut Fettah Kosar of the University of Refer to MSC-24046-1, volume and num- At the bottom of each well is a hole, typ- Washington for Johnson Space Center. For fur- ber of this NASA Tech Briefs issue, and the ically ≈ 0.5 µm wide, that connects the ther information, contact the JSC Innovation page number. well with one of many channels in a Partnerships Office at (281) 483-3809.

Convergence Nanoparticles for Multi-Modal Biomedical Imaging This technique enables detection, sensing, navigation, and actuation in a single nanosystem. Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio

A project is underway to develop a Fabrication of magnetic nanoparticles them ideal for both cancer diagnosis and novel, versatile, multi-functional conver- for simultaneous diagnosis and hyper- therapy, have been investigated. gence nanoparticle system that utilizes thermia treatments; 2) fabrication of a For the project’s purposes MnFe2O4 inorganic nanoparticles for advanced convergence nanoparticle system; and (MnMEIO, manganese doped magnet- biomedical applications. Inorganic 3) multi-modal utilization of conver- ism engineered iron oxide) was used. nanoparticles exhibit improved optical, gence nanoparticles. MnFe2O4 is synthesized via high-tempera- magnetic, and electronic properties Magnetic nanoparticles have novel ture decomposition of MnCl2 and compared to classical bulk materials, magnetic properties arising from Fe(acac)3 in the presence of oleylamine making them useful as key components nanoscale phenomena. For example, and oleic acid as capping molecules fol- for futuristic nano-device applications. magnetic nanoparticles have been widely lowing known methods. The approach being used to develop used as a diagnostic agent for MRI. The synthesized nanoparticles [1 multi-functional convergence nanopar- Therefore, the heat-generation efficiency mg/ml (Mn+Fe)] were mixed with can- ticles involves three stages: 1) of magnetic nanoparticles, which make cer cells (MCF7) and heat-generation efficacy was measured with the cell viabil- a b viability c viability 95% 16% ity under the alternating current (AC) magnetic fields (500 kHz). Live cells were stained with Calcein-acetoxymethyl (AM). The MnMEIO nanoparticles dis- b played significant cancer-cell killing effect with the AC magnetic-field irradiation compared to the case without AC No AC Magnetic Field AC Magnetic Field Irradiated 50nm magnetic field (see figure). TEM image of synthesized MnMEIO Nanoparticles, which show significant cancer cell killing effect In the next stage, prototype conver- with the AC magnetic field irradiation compared to the case without AC magnetic field. gence nanoparticles (Co@Pt-Au) are

24 www.techbriefs.com Medical Design Briefs, May 2009 ➮ Intro Cov ToC + – A ➭ fabricated through epitaxial growth on Lastly, the multi-component conver- the seed. Convergence nanoparticles gence nanoparticle system can enable NEED STOCK can be fabricated through self-assembly multimodal multiplexing imaging and of nanoparticles using molecular assem- detection of biological processes by OR CUSTOM blers or selective secondary nucleation conjugating with bio-active materials. on top of the seed nanoparticles. Conventional detection systems are FILTERS? Since the chemical/biological mole- operated independently and each cules can be designed and synthesized detection system has its own advan- to have high symmetry and have the tages and disadvantages. However, con- ability of self-recognition and assembly, vergence nanoparticles can overcome the use of these molecular assemblers the many shortcomings that are pres- enables the systematic construction of ent for single-imaging modality meth- multi-component convergence nano- ods. As a model case study, magnetic- particles. In the case of the formation optical convergence nanoparticles for of convergence nanoparticles through the dual-mode detection of proteins secondary nucleation on the seed, (amyloid protein) or lymph node is modulation of similarity of the lattice planned. geometry between seeds and secondary This work was done by Jinwoo Cheon of materials; affinity between two materi- Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, for the Air Force als such as alloying, electrochemical Research Laboratory. For more information, potential differences; activity of a spe- download the Technical Support Package (free cific surface; and catalytic activity is white paper) at www.techbriefs.com/tsp under important. the Bio-Medical category. AFRL-0109

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Medical Design Briefs, May 2009 www.techbriefs.com Free Info at http://info.hotims.com/22916-854 ➮ Intro Cov ToC + – A ➭ sive, and low-cost procedure to evaluate This system provides a compact the time response of the ultrasound the presence of fluid inside the paranasal method for assessing the presence of probe. This results in higher signal to sinuses by means of an ultrasound scan. viable bacteria inside the paranasal cavi- noise ratios (SNR) and better sensitivity The system transmits a high-amplitude ties without having to rely on imaging to detect fluids inside the sinus (see fig- acoustic wave through the maxillar bone techniques with ionizing radiation. It ure). The system uses a frequency in the towards the back wall of the sinus cavity in deploys a compact, low-cost, and range 8-10 MHz, resulting in higher sen- the inner side of the bone. The air cham- portable ultrasonic echo apparatus (A- sitivity. The compensation for the reflec- ber present in a normal sinus prevents the Scan) as its basic system, and measures tion loss and scattering caused by the tis- ultrasound propagation (only one echo with high resolution the echoes generat- sue under study are compensated by from the front wall of the paranasal sinus ed by the inner sinus (fluid or air). means of matched filters (increased is produced). If the sinus is infected, it will The low cost of the system is achieved SNR) and blind equalizers. be filled with fluid that conducts the ultra- by the deployment of standard high-fre- This technology is offered by Delphion. For sound, and a second echo from the back quency piezoelectric composites cou- more information, view the yet2.com TechPak wall will be generated. pled with a linear classifier matched to at http://info.hotims.com/22916-170.

Microfluidic Extraction of Biomarkers Using Water as Solvent Terahertz modulation of permittivity of water would enable solvation of molecules of interest. NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California

A proposed device, denoted a minia- such as soils and rocks. Traditionally, only those molecules lying within nar- ture microfluidic biomarker extractor such extractions are performed on a row ranges of specific chemical and (µ-EX), would extract trace amounts of large scale with hazardous organic sol- physical characteristics that notably chemicals of interest from samples, vents; each solvent capable of dissolving include volatility, electric charge, and

Hydrogen-Bonding Network of Water Molecules Disrupted Hydrogen-Bonding Network of Water Molecules Unsolvated Macromolecule Solvated and Hydrolized Molecules

Applied Electromagnetic Field (300 to 600 GHz)

Microfluidic Channel Waveguide Inlet Interaction Volume Outlet

Flow

Water Flowing in a Microfluidic Channel would be exposed to electromagnetic radiation, causing the solvation of biomarker macromolecules that would otherwise be insufficiently soluble in water.

26 www.techbriefs.com Medical Design Briefs, May 2009 ➮ Intro Cov ToC + – A ➭ polarity. In contrast, in the µ-EX, extractions could be performed by use of small amounts (typically between 0.1 and 100 µL) of water as a universal solvent. LASERSYSTEMS As a rule of thumb, in order to enable solvation and extraction of molecules, it is necessary to use solvents that have polarity sufficiently close to the polarity of the target molecules. The µ-EX would make selection of specific organ- Laser ic solvents unnecessary, because µ-EX would exploit a unique property of liquid water: the possibility of tuning its polarity Plastic to match the polarity of organic solvents appropriate for extraction of molecules of interest. The change of the per- Welding mittivity of water would be achieved by exploiting interactions between the translational states of water molecules and an imposed electromagnetic field in the frequency range of Precision for medical 300 to 600 GHz. On a molecular level, these interactions applications: would result in disruption of the three-dimensional hydrogen-bonding network among liquid-water molecules and subsequent solvation and hydrolysis of target molecules. The • Hermetic sealing µ-EX is expected to be an efficient means of hydrolyzing • No particulate chemical bonds in complex macromolecules as well and, • No vibrations thus, enabling analysis of the building blocks of these com- • Clean, fast, flexible plex chemical systems. The µ-EX device would include a microfluidic channel, part of which would lie within a waveguide coupled to an Leister Technologies, LLC electronically tuned source of broad-band electromagnetic 1253 Hamilton Parkway Itasca, IL 60143 | USA radiation in the frequency range from 300 to 600 GHz (see phone: 630 760 1009 figure). The part of the microfluidic channel lying in the web: www.leisterusa.com waveguide would constitute an interaction volume. The dimensions of the interaction volume would be chosen in accordance with the anticipated amount of solid sample Welding 15 micron clear membrane material needed to ensure extraction of sufficient amount Free Info at http://info.hotims.com/22916-855 of target molecules for detection and analysis. By means that were not specified at the time of reporting the information for this article, the solid sample material would be placed in the interaction volume. Then the electromagnet- AAC Takes the Vibration ic field would be imposed within the waveguide and water would be pumped through the interaction volume to effect the extraction. Out of Your Operation This work was done by Xenia Amashukeli, Harish Manohara, Goutam Chattopadhyay, and Imran Mehdi of Caltech for NASA’s Soft silicone gel absorbs Jet Propulsion Laboratory. For more information, contact vibrations not eliminated by [email protected]. NPO-46150 other materials. Engineering Expertise Years of experience & customer speciﬁcations has led to an Identifying and Inactivating extensive & varied product line. Bacterial Spores Excellent Durability Unique gel material performs in NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, any weather, -40°F to +392°F, and California is ozone, UV & chemical resistant. Problems associated with, and new strategies for, inactivat- Shock Absorption & ing resistant organisms like Bacillus canaveralius (found at Vibration Damping Kennedy Space Center during a survey of three NASA clean- rooms) have been defined. Identifying the particular compo- Call with your latest application nent of the spore that allows its heightened resistance can or visit our Web site. guide the development of sterilization procedures that are targeted to the specific molecules responsible for resistance, Advanced Antivibration Components while avoiding using unduly harsh methods that jeopardize 2101 Jericho Turnpike equipment. New Hyde Park, NY 11040 The key element of spore resistance is a multilayered pro- QrG www.vibrationmounts.com tein shell that encases the spore called the spore coat. The coat of the best-studied spore-forming microbe, B. subtilis,

Medical Design Briefs, May 2009 Free Info at http://info.hotims.com/22916-856 27 ➮ Intro Cov ToC + – A ➭ consists of at least 45 proteins, most of which are poorly This work was done by David Newcombe, Anne Dekas, and Kasthuri characterized. Several protective roles for the coat are well Venkateswaran of Caltech for NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. characterized including resistance to desiccation, large In accordance with Public Law 96-517, the contractor has elected to toxic molecules, ortho-phthalaldehyde, and ultraviolet retain title to this invention. Inquiries concerning rights for its commer- (UV) radiation. cial use should be addressed to: One important long-term specific goal is an improved steril- Innovative Technology Assets Management ization procedure that will enable NASA to meet planetary pro- JPL tection requirements without a terminal heat sterilization step. Mail Stop 202-233 This would support the implementation of planetary protec- 4800 Oak Grove Drive tion policies for life-detection missions. Typically, hospitals and Pasadena, CA 91109-8099 government agencies use biological indicators to ensure the E-mail: [email protected] quality control of sterilization processes. The spores of B. Refer to NPO-45182, volume and number of this NASA Tech canaveralius that are more resistant to osmotic stress would Briefs issue, and the page number. serve as a better biological indicator for potential survival than those in use currently.

Crashworthy Seats Would Afford Superior Protection Adjustments enable optimization of support for different body sizes and shapes. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas

Seats to prevent or limit crash injuries to astronauts would likely not be suitable for non-spacecraft applications, aboard the crew vehicle of the Orion spacecraft are under- parts of the design could be adapted to military and some going development. The design of these seats incorporates civilian aircraft seats and to racing-car seats to increase lev- and goes beyond crash-protection concepts embodied in els of protection. prior spacecraft and racing-car seats to afford superior pro- The main problem in designing any crashworthy seat is to tection against impacts. Although the seats are designed to provide full support of the occupant against anticipated crash support astronauts in a recumbent, quasi-fetal posture that and emergency-landing loads so as to safely limit motion, along any axis, of any part of the occupant’s body relative to (1) any

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28 Free Info at http://info.hotims.com/22916-857 Medical Design Briefs, May 2009 ➮ Intro Cov ToC + – A ➭ LITERATURE & WEB SITE SPOTLIGHT

Free catalogs and literature for Medical Design Briefs’ readers. To order, enter the corresponding number on the Online Reader Service Page at www.techbriefs.com/rs, or visit the appropriate URL.

2009 COMPONENTS CUSTOM SEWN ELECTRIC HEATERS, CATALOG BAGS – POUCHES CONTROLS & SENSORS Qosina announces our 2009 catalog, SOFT CASES Tempco’s 864-page 35th Anniver - illustrating thousands of single-use Since 1958, SeamCraft, Inc. has sary catalog offers Electric Heaters, OEM components displayed full size resolved countless product utiliza- Temperature Sensors, Temperature on a 1 cm grid for accurate sizing. The Qosina tion problems for other firms by Controls, Turnkey Process Heating Catalog is an essential tool for engineers and design- Systems and related Accessory supplying them with functional ® ers offering connectors, luers, caps, clamps, adapters, custom sewn accessories. We are Items. New products include Gemini Twin Bore stopcocks, valves, spikes, syringes and tubing. 2009 an ISO 9001 certified Chicago Quartz Tube Heaters, VS Glow Infrared Heaters and Catalog highlights include sections featuring Colder firm that also produces many specialized sewn com- PPR-1800 Video Graphic Data Recorders. Select Products’ quick disconnect couplings, sample kits, ponents, and serves several industries. For design from stock items or have Tempco custom design and packaging and laboratory products. Complimentary help and quick quote contact us at: 800-322-2441; manufacture for your application. Many products are samples are available to qualified industries. Be sure Fax: 773-975-9200; www.seamcraft.com. recognized and/or certified by UL, CSA and CE. to sign up for our monthly e-newsletter to keep aware Tempco Electric Heater Corporation, Wood Dale, IL; of our latest additions. Tel: +1-631-242-3000; e-mail: Tel: 800-323-6859; Fax: 630-350-0232; e-mail: [email protected]; www.qosina.com. [email protected]; www.tempco.com. Qosina SeamCraft, Inc. Tempco Electric Heater Corporation Free Info at http://info.hotims.com/22916-869 Free Info at http://info.hotims.com/22916-871 Free Info at http://info.hotims.com/22916-872

MULTIPHYSICS ALPAO HI-SPEED BIOMEDICAL INTRODUCTION CDS DEFORMABLE ELECTRICAL SAFETY The CDs contain well-chosen MIRRORS SERIES TESTER examples from specific applica- The ideal wavefront cor- Dranetz-BMI’s DranEST III+ is tion areas. Audio-visual instruc- rectors for Vision Science: the one Electrical Safety Tester tions guide you through the Very large stroke: ±45µm that performs tests required by 60601 (UL/IEC modeling, simulation, and analysis processes. A great of focus and astigmatism /AAMI /JCAHO) and 62353 (IEC) for compliance way to experience the COMSOL tools and get an intro- (wavefront). Compact: 52 to 97 actuators (pitch with North American and International Standards on duction to the topic at the same time! 1.5mm). Fast: bandwidth of 1kHz, settling time of Medical and Laboratory equipment. With fully auto- Introduction to Multiphysics 1ms. Find our flexible and powerful adaptive optics mated test sequences, advanced user safety features, Introduction to AC/DC Simulation systems on our website: www.alpao.com and integrated memory storage, the DranEST III+ is Introduction to Acoustics Simulation the single solution for all Medical and Bio- Introduction to RF Simulation Medical applications. Come see us at AAMI, Introduction to Chemical Engineering booth 911. Dranetz-BMI, 1000 New Durham Rd., Introduction to Structural Mechanics Edison, NJ 08818; Tel: 800-372-6832 x 482; e-mail: Place your order at: www.comsol.com/ntb-introCD. ALPAO [email protected]; www.dranetz-bmi.com COMSOL, Inc. Dranetz-BMI Free Info at http://info.hotims.com/22916-876 Free Info at http://info.hotims.com/22916-875 Free Info at http://info.hotims.com/22916-863

PRESSURE SENSORS MINIATURE SPEED, VALUE, INNOVA- ARE IDEAL FOR LINEAR STAGE TION FOR MEDICAL MEDICAL AIR AND USB “STICK” DEVICE COMPANIES APPLICATIONS CONTROLLER Orchid Orthopedic Solutions is a worldwide leader Kavlico’s P6060 high accuracy NAI redefines “small” with in contract design and manufacturing for the ortho- pressure sensors are ideal for use in oxygen genera- the release of their MM-1M-F-5mm motorized mini- pedic, dental, and cardiovascular markets. Orchid’s tors, respirators, and ventilator applications. Rugged stage. Only 2" x .5" x .5" this stage delivers high mission is to be the leader in contract medical design and lightweight (1.3 grams max.) the sensors have a torque, high resolution, precision positioning and and manufacturing by compressing time to market, piezoresistive (PRT) sense element in a low-profile 5mm travel. The Servo Stick Controller is powered providing new technology, and being the best total surface mount package, measuring 21.29 x 16.71 from the USB port on your computer and has VB and supply-chain value. The company consists of five divi- mm. Available in pressure ranges of 13" H20 and 0–1 LabVIEW interfaces. National Aperture, Inc.; Tel: sions that offer an array of implants and instruments thru 0–75 PSIA/G and PSID. Provide a 0.5 to 4.5 lin- 800-360-4598; e-mail: [email protected]; within the five core capabilities: design, forging, ear amplified output proportional to pressure. RoHS www.nationalaperture.com machining, plastics, and coatings. Tel: 517-694-2300; compliant. www.kavlico.com e-mail: [email protected]; www.orchid- orthopedics.com. Kavlico National Aperture, Inc. Orchid Orthopedic Solutions

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Medical Design Briefs, May 2009 www.techbriefs.com 29 ➮ Intro Cov ToC + – A ➭ LITERATURE & WEB SITE SPOTLIGHT EPOXY OFFERS EXCEPTIONAL The seat includes a thigh-support down the arms, are also sized for occu- TEMPERATURE structure and a lower-leg support struc- pants having shoulders of maximum ture that can be adjusted for various breadth and to be fitted to smaller AND CHEMICAL heel-to-back-of-knee lengths. The occu- occupants by use of spacer pads. The RESISTANCE pant’s heels are supported by a heel seat supports bony protrusions of the Master Bond EP62-1MED is a two-component epoxy support pan and could be affixed to torso at the shoulders and hips only, adhesive/sealant and encapsulant, which meets USP Class VI specifications. It has a long working life at the pan by clips similar to those of leaving the mid-torso area free of sup- room temperatures and cures rapidly at 200-250°F. mountain biking shoes and pedals or ports to enable the occupant to leave It is designed to withstand repeated cycles of steam, by straps over the tops of the feet. At the seat by rolling though the clear ETO, radiation, and chemical sterilants. It has superior electrical insulation properties and excep- the pivot between the thigh and lower- space. tionally low shrinkage upon cure. Master Bond; leg support structures there is a flat The seat includes a head support. http://masterbond.com/tds/ep62-1med.html. panel that provides for strength in However, head support on the prototype Master Bond adjustment and provides lateral sup- differs from the envisioned Orion head port of the knees. The combination of support: In Orion, the occupant would Free Info at http://info.hotims.com/22916-865 lateral support of the knees and sup- wear a space helmet and the head support and restraint the of the feet is port would extend along the right and UNIQUE OEM intended to prevent flailing or other left sides of the helmet to prevent lateral ELECTRONICS! movement of the legs while the occu- motion of the head. Remarkable test equipment pant is seated. Another prominent design feature is a and components with specs or The seat includes lateral supports at load-distributing seven-point harness prices you won’t find anywhere else: premium quality, eco- the hips that serve the dual purpose of similar to harnesses worn in off-road nomical LCD oscilloscopes, restraining the occupant from shifting automobile racing. The seven-point har- spectrum analyzers, USB and laterally and providing structural sup- ness includes straps over the tops of the Logic analyzers, pure RF sources, DMMs, wireless and wired data loggers, test port to the rest of the seat by acting as shoulders that act, in effect, as wrap- equipment, touch-sense, Ethernet and USB ICs, a gusset. To accommodate all hip around extensions of the lateral shoul- high-reliability PCs, wireless and I/O control, sizes, the seat pan is designed to fit the der supports. Ethernet-serial/USB-serial/RS232-485, software, etc. Saelig; www.saelig.com largest hip breadth allowable. For a This work was done by Dustin Gohmert of smaller occupant, spacer pads can be Johnson Space Center. For more information, Saelig installed to fill the voids. Shoulder download the Technical Support Package supports, which cover the shoulder (free white paper) at www.techbriefs.com/tsp Free Info at http://info.hotims.com/22916-870 joints and extend short distances under the Bio-Medical category. MSC-24485-1

NEW THERMOELEC- TRIC PRODUCT CATALOG AND SIZING SOFTWARE Droplet-Based Production of Newly published CD features TECA’s current catalog, TECAware Sizing Sofware and product prices. Liposomes Catalog: Air Conditioners, Cold Plates, Liquid Chillers and Accessories; Detailed specifications, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas application and reference data. TECAware: Step-by- step prompts; Estimates cooling requirements and A process for making monodisperse The resulting lipid bilayers present recommends products. Please contact for a free liposomes having lipid bilayer mem- the hydrophilic ends of the lipid mole- copy: TECA ThermoElectric Cooling America branes involves fewer, simpler process cules to both the inner and outer mem- Corporation; Tel: 773-342-4900; www.teca.us steps than do related prior methods. brane surfaces. If lipids of a second kind TECA ThermoElectric Cooling First, a microfluidic, cross-junction are dissolved in the solvent in sufficient America Corp. droplet generator is used to produce excess before use, then asymmetric lipo- vesicles comprising aqueous-solution somes may be formed. Free Info at http://info.hotims.com/22916-873 droplets contained in single-layer lipid This work was done by Donald E. Ackley membranes. The vesicles are collected and Anita Forster of Nanotrope, Inc. for FDA REGULATORY in a lipid-solvent mix that is at most Johnson Space Center. For further informa- CONSULTATION partially soluble in water and is less tion, contact the JSC Innovation Partnerships mdi Consultants, Inc. has dense than is water. A layer of water is Office at (281) 483-3809. been providing USFDA/EU/ Canadian regulatory consultation worldwide since dispensed on top of the solvent. By In accordance with Public Law 96-517, 1978. Services include: 510(K), PMA, Technical Files, virtue of the difference in densities, the contractor has elected to retain title to this QSR/cGMP, ISO13485, Clinical Trials, Training pro- the water sinks to the bottom and the invention. Inquiries concerning rights for its grams, System and Software Validations, FDA trou- bleshooting, responses to 483s and Warning Letters. solvent floats to the top. The vesicles, commercial use should be addressed to: For Foreign Companies, US Agent and Official which have almost the same density as Nanotrope Inc. Correspondent Services are available. Clients world- that of water, become exchanged into 3030 Bunker Hill St wide. Staff includes former US FDA Officials and Industry Experts. mdi Consultants, Inc.; Tel: 516-482- the water instead of floating to the top. San Diego, CA 92109 9001; Fax: 516-482-0186; www.mdiconsultants.com/. As there are excess lipids in the solvent Phone No.: (858) 270-7992 solution, in order for the vesicles to Refer to MSC-24302-1, volume and num- mdi Consultants, Inc. remain in the water, the addition of a ber of this NASA Tech Briefs issue, and the second lipid layer to each vesicle is page number. Free Info at http://info.hotims.com/22916-866 energetically favored.

30 www.techbriefs.com Medical Design Briefs, May 2009 ➮ Intro Cov ToC + – A ➭ NASA-developed technologies have found new uses in a variety of medical-related applications. Here we highlight some of those spinoff innovations that had their roots in NASA.

LED Device Illuminates New Path to Healing

mong NASA’s research goals is increased understanding of Afactors affecting plant growth, including the effects of microgravity. Impeding such studies, traditional light sources used to grow plants on Earth are difficult to adapt to spaceflight, as they require considerable amounts of power and produce relatively large amounts of heat. As such, an optimized experimental system requires much less energy and reduces temperature variance without negatively affecting plant growth results. Ronald W. Ignatius, founder and chairman of the board at Quantum Devices Inc. (QDI) of Barneveld, WI, proposed using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as the photon source for plant growth experiments in space. The Wisconsin Center for Space Automation and Robotics, a NASA-sponsored research center, teamed with QDI to determine whether an LED system could provide the necessary wavelengths and intensities for photosynthesis, and the resultant system proved successful. NASA subsequently identified another need that could be The WARP 75 (left) has 7.5 times more coverage area than the previous- addressed with the use of LEDs: astronaut health. A central ly developed WARP 10 (right). concern in astronaut health is maintaining healthy growth of cells, including preventing bone and muscle loss and boosting QDI then used a Defense Advanced Research Projects the body’s ability to heal wounds — all adversely affected by Agency (DARPA) SBIR contract to develop the WARP 10 prolonged weightlessness. Thus, having determined that LEDs (Warfighter Accelerated Recovery by Photobiomodulation) can be used to grow plants in space, NASA decided to investi- unit as a full realization of its PBMT research. WARP 10, a gate whether LEDs might be used for photobiomodulation handheld, portable HEALS technology originally intended for therapy (PBMT). military first-aid applications, received U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance in 2003, and a consumer ver- How it Works sion was introduced for temporary relief of minor muscle and PBMT is an emerging medical and veterinary technique in joint pain. WARP 10 has been found to relieve arthritis, muscle which exposure to high-intensity, wavelength-specific light spasms, and stiffness; promote relaxation of tissue; and tem- can stimulate or inhibit cellular function. PBMT modulates a porarily increase local blood circulation. body’s organelles — structures within a cell (e.g., mitochon- In 2007, the FDA cleared the WARP 75 device, the latest iter- dria, vacuoles, and chloroplasts) that store food, discharge ation of the technology that began with the HEALS technolo- waste, produce energy, or perform other functions analogous gy. The WARP 75 improves on the WARP 10 design, boasting to the role of organs in the body as a whole — with wave- 7.5 times the actual coverage area of the WARP 10, an automat- length-specific photon energy to increase respiratory metab- ic timed cycle of 88 seconds with an audible alarm, AC power, olism, reduce the natural inflammatory response, accelerate the ability to be mounted on an articulated arm, and fan cool- recovery of injury or stress at the cellular level, and increase ing. System controls are located on the top panel for easy light circulation. dose delivery, and the device is placed directly against the skin A NASA Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) con- where treatment is desired. The unit can be operated with one tract was granted to QDI to develop an LED light source for hand and remains cool to the touch during operation. use in a surgical environment as the photon source for its pro- QDI is exploring other medical applications of the HEALS- prietary Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) treatment. An emerg- based technology, including combating the symptoms of ing cancer treatment, PDT requires high-intensity, monochro- bone atrophy, multiple sclerosis, diabetic complications, matic light to turn on the cancer-killing properties of a drug, Parkinson’s disease, and a variety of ocular applications. Most allowing physicians to activate a drug in the tumor only. recently, Marshall awarded QDI another grant to study syner- QDI and Dr. Harry T. Whelan of the Medical College of gistic wound healing and conduct a PDT study with silver nan- Wisconsin based their work on QDI’s High Emissivity oclusters. Aluminiferous Light-emitting Substrate (HEALS) technology, which was developed for use in the plant growth experiments More Information in 1993. The technology was successfully applied in cases of For more information on QDI’s LED-based technology, visit pediatric brain tumors and the prevention of oral mucositis in http://info.hotims.com/22916-173. Learn about other NASA spinoff pediatric bone marrow transplant patients. technologies at www.techbriefs.com/spinoff.

Medical Design Briefs, May 2009 wwww.techbriefs.com 31 ➮ Intro Cov ToC + – A ➭ Periodontal Probe Improves Exams and Alleviates Pain

onventional periodontal probing is indeed inva- Csive, uncomfortable for the patient, and the results can vary greatly between dentists and even for repeated measurements by the same dentist. It is a necessary procedure, though, as periodontal disease is the most common dental disease, and usually results from an increased concentration of bacteria in the pocket, or sulcus, between the gums and teeth. These bacteria produce acids and other byproducts, which enlarge the sulcus by eroding the gums and the periodontal ligaments. By measuring the depth of the sulcus, periodon- tists can have a good assessment of the disease’s progress. Presently, there are no reliable clinical indicators of periodontal disease activity, and the best available diagnostic aid, periodontal probing, can only measure what has already been lost. With the development of ultrasound probing technologies, dentists can detect small increments of peri- The USProbe device rides along the gum line, sending a signal down the pocket odontal ligament breakdown, permitting earlier between the gums and teeth. Echoes are recorded by an ultrasound transducer and then analyzed by a computer system. A foot pedal is used to start the flow of water, diagnosis and intervention with less costly and read data, and then send the information to a computer, where it is fed into a chart- time-consuming therapy. ing software program The roots of these ultrasound probes are in an ultrasound-based time-of-flight technique routinely used to were for corrosion detection and bolt tension measurements. measure material thickness and length at NASA’s Langley This ultrasound measurement system was adapted to the Research Center in Hampton, VA. The primary applications Periodontal Structures Mapping System, invented at Langley. Patented as the Ultrasonagraphic Probe (USProbe), Visual Programs Inc. of Richmond, VA, obtained an exclusive license Your Global Distributor of Adhesives, for the system. Sealants and Assembly Equipment How it Works The USProbe mapping system is a noninvasive tool to make Medical Device and record differential measurements of a patient’s periodon- Assembly Adhesives tal ligaments relative to a fixed point - the boundary between the crown and root of a tooth, called the cemento-enamel junc- Rapid and Light Cure; tion (CEJ). The mapping system uses ultrasound to detect the UV / Visible Solutions top of the ligaments at various points around each tooth, and Medical Grade uses either ultrasound or an optical method to find the CEJ at Cyanoacrylates the same points. The depth of the sulcus is calculated as the difference between these two points. Dispensing Equipment Dispensing Equipment The probe used in the mouth to send and receive ultrasound & Accessories & Accessories signals is very small, and additional instrumentation is contained Class VI & ISO 10993 within a standard personal computer, allowing the entire meas- Certified urement to be computerized. In addition, manual charting of White Paper pocket depth will be eliminated, since the data will be automati- Selection Criteria for cally transmitted to the computer. In addition to solving the prob- Medical Device Adhesives lems associated with conventional probing, the USProbe may ellsworth.com/mdb.html also provide information on the condition of the gum tissue and the quality and extent of the bond to the tooth surface. The USProbe automatically detects, maps, and diagnoses problem areas by integrating diagnostic medical ultrasound techniques with advanced artificial intelligence. Visual ISO 9001:2000 Programs expects it will replace the current uncomfortable and invasive techniques. Visit our website and chat with the Glue DoctorTM about an adhesive assembly solution. More Information www.ellsworth.com 877-262-6029 For more information on Visual Programs’ USProbe technology, visit http://info.hotims.com/22916-174. Learn about other NASA spinoff technologies at www.techbriefs.com/spinoff.

32 Free Info at http://info.hotims.com/22916-858 Medical Design Briefs, May 2009 ➮ Intro Cov ToC + – A ➭ New Products

Pressure-Indicating Sensor Film RF-Wireless Foot-Operated Pressurex® flexible Mylar-based sensor film from Sensor Controls Products (Madison, NJ) captures and permanently records STEUTE Meditech (Ridgefield, CT) has pressure distribution and magnitude between mating or con- introduced wireless foot-operated controls tacting surfaces in the injection-molding of medical devices. that are CE-, TUV-, and UL-compliant. The After being clamped up and placed around the parting line of units feature spread-spectrum, frequency- a mold, the sensor film indicates whether the pressure is even- ly distributed. It reveals pressure from 2 – 43,000 PSI and is available in eight different pressure ranges. When placed between two contacting surfaces, the film instantaneously and permanently changes color directly proportional to the actual pressure applied. Pressure magnitude is determined by comparing the resulting color intensity to a color correlation chart. Physically similar in appearance to ordinary paper, the film is 4 or 8 mils thick, and conforms to curvaceous surfaces. It is available in rolls or sheets. The film has an operating temperature range of 41 to 95°F. For Free Info Visit http://info.hotims.com/22916-166

Low-Power Sensor OmniVision Technologies (Santa Clara, CA) offers the OV6930 medical image sensor. It is a low-power, 400 × 400 pixel square graphics array, or SquareGA™, CMOS image hopping technology for interference- sensor with an optical format of 1/10”, and a packaged foot- immune performance. Operating in the ISM print of 1.8 × 1.8 mm. It is designed for camera applications 2.4-GHz band, the short-range technology that require less than 2.8-mm outside diameter, such as med- (up to 10 meters) provides continuous moni- ical endoscopes for minimally invasive procedures. toring of the integrity of the bidirectional The sensor uses a three-micron OmniPixel3-HS™ pixel for transmission path, a handshaking protocol low-light performance of 3300 mV/Lux-second. It provides full- for device compatibility, and a floor sensor to frame or cropped analog images in RAW RGB format via the con- protect against inadvertent operation. trol of a serial I/O, which allows for two-wire cabling up to 14'. It has power consumption of Multiple or different foot controls can be 80mW with, and 10mW without I/O usage. It also features an image array capable of operating operated in parallel and in close proximity at 30 frames per second in full resolution, and 60 fps at 400 × 200 resolution. Proprietary sens- without crosstalk or interference. The controls ing technology reduces or eliminates fixed pattern noise and smearing. can provide up to 14 digital and 2 analog con- For Free Info Visit http://info.hotims.com/22916-161 trol functions, and require power of 2.9 to 3.4V at 150mA. They are powered by rechargeable lithium batteries that provide more than 20 hours of continuous operation. Charge level Electrospinning Technology can be monitored via a digital or analog dis- Zeus (Orangeburg, SC) offers an electrospinning platform for the medical device and filtra- play, or an audible low-charge alarm signal. tion industries. Electrospinning produces polymer fibers with thicknesses from the nano scale to Applications include x-ray equipment, the micro scale. Fabrics with complex shapes can be developed from solutions, pastes, and bioab- laser surgery devices, surgical microscopes, sorbables. The electrospun polymer fibers and fabrics feature high surface-to-weight and volume positioning tables, high-frequency surgical ratios for controlled biological interactions and filtration media. The company can introduce equipment, bone saws, dental systems, and into the solutions additives ranging from therapeutic agents to property modifiers, which are diagnostic camera systems. then incorporated into the fibers and fabrics. For Free Info Visit For Free Info Visit http://info.hotims.com/22916-164 http://info.hotims.com/22916-150

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Medical Design Briefs, May 2009 Free Info at http://info.hotims.com/22916-859 33 ➮ Intro Cov ToC + – A ➭ New Products

AC-DC Power Supplies Micro-Components Astrodyne (Mansfield, MA) has introduced Kugler of America (Somers, CT) provides micromachining the PMK/PMMK AC-DC switching power sup- technologies for producing single parts and series production plies that deliver 450W with active PFC. They of micro-components for the medical industry. Production are qualified for medically approved AC-DC series or prototype parts using production steps based on power supply applications. The series pro- micro-precision cutting or laser machining processes. The vides standard output voltages of 5, 12, 24, 36, company provides high-speed production for 2-1/2 or 3- and 48V, and are available in two styles: one dimensional micro-components made of metal or plastic. contains an enclosed fan, and the second is Micro-bores, channels, bars, or webs of a few microns and very high aspect ratios can be inte- supplied with a U-channel in a 5 × 8 × 1.57" grated in a variety of hard or soft materials. enclosure. Both can be ordered with a DIN For Free Info Visit http://info.hotims.com/22916-165

Alternating Syringes Qosina (Edgewood, NY) has introduced alternating syringes in 1, 3, 5, and 10 ml sizes. The single-use reciprocating syringes provide a single-handed solution for injection and aspiration. Two syringes, in a molded finger grip housing, work in tandem via a pulley system. This allows the index and middle fingers to remain stable, while the thumb controls the direction of the syringe plungers. The syringes are color-coded: 1 ml is clear, 3 ml is green, 5 ml is pink, and 10 ml is blue. For Free Info Visit http://info.hotims.com/22916-162 rail clip for mounting. The medically approved PMMK meets both UL 6061 and EN Medical Device Silicones 60601 specifications. Features include single line current share remote sense lines, remote Henkel Corp. (Rocky Hill, CT) has released single- inhibit, output voltage adjust, and a 5V stand- component light- and moisture-curing silicone adhesives by mode. for use on medical devices that incorporate silicone mate- For Free Info Visit rials or require flexible bond joints or coatings. The adhe- http://info.hotims.com/22916-156 sives cure within 30 seconds on exposure to a suitable UV/visible light source. They eliminate part racking and allow immediate quality control testing. The adhesives provide high-bond strengths on silicone and plastics such Sanitary Dial Thermometers as polycarbonate, and demonstrate tear strengths in excess of 50 pounds per inch and elonga- tion of more than 140% in the cured state. They can be used on catheters, respiratory devices OMEGA Engineering (Stamford, CT) and connections, medical tubing, and tracheotomy devices. offers bimetal sanitary dial thermometers Loctite® 5055™ is a low-viscosity, light yellow, transparent liquid that provides adhesion to with all-316/316L stainless steel wetted parts polycarbonate and tensile strengths of nearly 1500 psi. Loctite® 5056™ provides heat and with a 3-A certified design. The hermetically humidity resistance in its cured state. Loctite® 5240™ is a UV/visible light curing silicone that sealed thermometers have an easy-to-calibrate offers a secondary moisture cure that takes place in shadowed areas in 24 to 72 hours. It cures to depths of 0.75" and delivers a colorless bond line. All three silicones meet ISO-1093 biocom- patibility requirements for medical device assembly. For Free Info Visit http://info.hotims.com/22916-159

External and Embedded Modems Radicom Research (San Jose, CA) offers a series of external and embedded modems designed to meet medical requirements. Avail- able in both serial TTL and USB interfaces, the modems operate under Windows, Linux, or Mac environments. The modems are safety, emissions, and telco compliant to meet most medical device requirements. They are compli- reset screw, along with a standard glass lens. ant with IEC60601-1, as well as CCITT and Bell The thermometer is designed for direct compliant. insertion into sanitary process applications Both the USB and serial versions are available with 3KV breakdown, FAX, voice playback and when a standard thermowell is not specified, record, and DTMF tone generation and detection. Line-in-use and connection detection allows or the process environment is not exposed to the modem to share a phone line with other equipment, enabling a user to check status and pressure. receive reports on remote facilities and respond to abnormal conditions immediately. For Free Info Visit Applications include healthcare home monitoring systems and data retrieval devices. http://info.hotims.com/22916-163 For Free Info Visit http://info.hotims.com/22916-158

34 www.techbriefs.com Medical Design Briefs, May 2009 ➮ Intro Cov ToC + – A ➭ Medical Device Manufacturing Pressure Sensors Texcel (East Longmeadow, MA) offers custom Kavlico, a unit of Custom Sensors & medical device development and manufactur- Technologies (Moorpark, CA) has intro- ing, including surgical, interventional, and duced the P6060 pressure sensors for air pres- implantable devices such as endoscopic instru- sure measurements in oxygen concentrators, ments, spinal/orthopedic implants, and artificial respirators, and ventilators. The lightweight hearts and neurostimulators. The company spe- sensors have a piezoresistive sense element in cializes in bone-fastening devices, cardiac assist a low-profile surface-mount package. The devices, metal and non-metal biocompatible sensors measure 21.29 × 16.71 mm. Using a materials, and general instrumentation such as 5V input, they provide 0.5 to 4.5 Vdc linear disposable catheter devices. analog amplified output proportional to pres- For Free Info Visit sure. Users can specify a digital output that http://info.hotims.com/22916-157 conforms to SPI protocol.

Digital Pressure Gauge Automation Products Group (Logan, UT) offers the PG5 digital pressure gauge that features a five-digit display. The gauge uses MEMS-based sensing technology, and incorporates user-selectable setup features. It provides 0.01-digit resolution through 100 PSI, and is available with ranges from vacuum to 500 PSI, and from 0 to 10,000 PSI at ±0.25%. The unit is self-powered by a standard 9-volt battery. The gauge incorporates an all-stainless-steel sensor that is resistant to vibration and shock. It features a microprocessor-based circuit with TARE capability stan- Internal temperature compensation using dard. User-selectable functions include auto-off, maxi- an ASIC ensures ±1% of span total error band mum and minimum readings, and units of measure over 0 to 60ºC. Available pressure ranges (psi, bar, mbar, kPa, etc.). Standard features include a include 13” H O and 0-1 through 0-75 PSIA, bar graph analog readout, peak hold, and gauge refer- 2 PSIG, and PSID. The sensors are EMI/RFI ence pressure. Available options include 4-20 mA two-wire, loop-powered output; 0-2 VDC bat- and ESD protected, and can be configured tery powered output; and 0-5 VDC external power outputs. Other options are absolute, sealed, with custom pressure ranges and port con- or vacuum pressure references; and process connection fittings. nections based on end-user requirements. Applications include laboratory and medical settings where standard 2.5" or larger mechani- For Free Info Visit cal gauges are required. http://info.hotims.com/22916-160 For Free Info Visit http://info.hotims.com/22916-155

Brush DC Motors Power Supply The Athlonix™ high-power-density brush GlobTek (Northvale, NJ) has introduced DC motors from Portescap, a Danaher Motion the GS-1549 power supply that delivers up to company (West Chester, PA), feature output 50W of continuous output power. It features power up to 9 watts and a coreless design with dual regulated outputs of +12 Vdc at 2A, and a self-supporting coil and magnetic circuit. variable 10-100 Vdc at 26W. The power supply They are available in 12-, 16-, and 22-mm frame sizes. The motors offer maximum continuous torque up to 16.5 mNm, and are suitable for use in automation applications such as medical analyzers, as well as in medical pumps. They are compatible with incremental encoders and gearheads of various sizes and ratios. For Free Info Visit http://info.hotims.com/22916-153

Infusion System Hospira (Lake Forest, IL) has introduced the GemStar® SP infusion system with GemStar™ Infusion Suite software. The system is designed to help caregivers better incorporate patient safety best practices at the patient’s bedside. The GemStar Infusion Suite software is a stand- alone PC-based application that enables efficient and safe medication administration. It allows also features a PCB frame style and Class B the caregiver to tailor the infusion pump to meet specific requirements. EMI filter, and accepts universal input of 85- The infusion system has configurable settings to provide flexible drug protocols with hard 264 Vac. It measures 177.8 × 76.2 × 3.456 mm. limits to prevent medication errors. Security features include four keypad lockouts, integral set- Modified and custom designs are available. based free-flow protection, and mandatory confirmation screens. For Free Info Visit For Free Info Visit http://info.hotims.com/22916-152 http://info.hotims.com/22916-154

Medical Design Briefs, May 2009 www.techbriefs.com 35 ➮ Intro Cov ToC + – A ➭ ADVERTISERS INDEX

For free product literature, enter advertisers’ reader service numbers at www.techbriefs.com/rs, or visit the Published by ...... Tech Briefs Media Group Web site beneath their ad in this issue. Publisher ...... Joseph T. Pramberger Linda L. Bell Reader Service Editorial Director ...... Company Number Page Editor, PTB and Embedded Technology ...... Bruce A. Bennett Technical/Managing Editor ...... Ted Selinsky Technical Writers ...... Shirl Hayes Ace Controls, Inc...... 853 ...... 23 Nick Lukianoff Senior Editor ...... Spencer Chin Advanced Antivibration Components .....856 ...... 27 Assistant Editor ...... Kendra Smith Production Manager ...... John Mass ALPAO ...... 875 ...... 29 Production Manager ...... John Iwanciw Art Director ...... Lois Erlacher Avnet...... 841 ...... 1 Designer...... Bernadette Torres Circulation Manager...... Marie Claussell Brentwood Industries ...... 840 ...... COV II Circulation Assistant...... Damiana Garcia Marketing Assistant ...... Danielle Korshak Comsol, Inc...... 842, 876 ...... 3, 29 Reader Service Coordinator ...... Priscilla Perez

Dranetz-BMI ...... 863 ...... 29 TECH BRIEFS MEDIA GROUP 1466 Broadway, Suite 910, New York, NY 10036 Dynamics Research Corp...... 852 ...... 21 (212) 490-3999 FAX (212) 986-7864 Chief Executive Officer ...... Domenic A. Mucchetti Edmund Optics ...... 854 ...... 25 Executive Vice-President ...... Luke Schnirring Technology Director ...... Oliver Rockwell Ellsworth Adhesive Systems ...... 858 ...... 32 Systems Administrator...... Albert Sunseri Web Developer...... Karina Adames ...... FastVision...... 860 ...... COV III Online Content Manager/Web Developer Peter Bonavita Web Development...... Adam Santiago Fluid Metering Inc...... 846 ...... 8 Credit/Collection ...... Felecia Lahey Accounting/Human Resources Manager ...... Sylvia Ruiz Kavlico ...... 864 ...... 29 Office Manager...... Alfredo Vasquez Receptionist ...... Elizabeth Brache-Torres KNF Neuberger, Inc...... 845 ...... 8 DEFENSE TECH BRIEFS ADVERTISING ACCOUNT EXECUTIVES

Laserage Technology Corp ...... 862 ...... 16 CT, MA, NH, ME, VT, RI, Eastern Canada ...... Ed Marecki ...... Tatiana Marecki Leister Process Technologies ...... 855 ...... 27 at (401) 351-0274

Lippert Embedded Computers ...... 848 ...... 11 NJ, PA, DE...... John Murray at (973) 545-2132

Master Bond Inc...... 850, 865 ...... 17, 30 NY ...... Stan Greenfield at (203) 938-2418 MDI Consultants, Inc...... 866 ...... 30 VA, MD, DC, NC, SC, GA, FL, AL, TN, MS, LA, AR, OK, TX...... Ray Tompkins Minco Products...... 847 ...... 9 at (281) 313-1004 Western NY, OH, MI, IN...... Ryan Beckman National Aperture...... 867 ...... 29 at (973) 409-4687

Oetiker International...... 857 ...... 28 MN, ND, SD, WI, IL, KY, MO, KS, IA, NE, Central Canada ...... Bob Casey at (847) 223-5225

Orchid Orthopedics ...... 868 ...... 29 Northwest, N. Calif., Western Canada ...... Bill Hague at (310) 457-6783 PI (Physik Instrumente) LP ...... 859 ...... 33 Craig Pitcher at (408) 778-0300 Proto Labs, Inc...... 844 ...... 7 S. Calif., AZ, NM, NV ...... Tom Boris Qosina ...... 843, 869 ...... 5, 29 at (949) 715-7779

Saelig Company...... 870 ...... 30 CO, UT, MT, WY, ID...... Cynthia Louis at (970) 223-3911

SeamCraft, Inc...... 871 ...... 29 New Business Managers ...... Patrick Harvey at (973) 409-4686 Steute Meditech, Inc...... 861 ...... COV IV Angelo Danza at (973) 874-0271 Thermoelectric Cooling Tim Powers America...... 849, 851, 873 .....13, 19, 30 at (973) 409-4762

Tempco Electric Heater Corp...... 872 ...... 29 Reprints ...... Edward Kane at (866) 879-9144, x131

36 www.techbriefs.com Medical Design Briefs, May 2009 ➮ Intro Cov ToC + – A ➭ WHY BE DUMB WHEN YOU CAN BE SMART?*

Fast Camera 34

FastVision introduces the first in a line of Kodak CCCDCD FastCamera 3344 based smart cameras, the FastCamera34. The camera is based on the Kodak KAI0340 VGA format CCD sensor ca- UÊ,iÃÕÌÊÈ{ä®Ý{nä6® pable of 210 frames per second. The frequency response UÊÌiÀiÊ/À>ÃviÀÊ goes to the deep UV with a quartz sensor lens. Thus a UÊ*ÝiÊ-âiÊÇ°{ÊÕÊ®ÊÝ user can employ the camera for DUV, VIS, and NIR work ÊÊÊÇ°{ÊÕÊ6® depending on the ordered lens. UÊÓ£äÊvÀ>iÃÊ«iÀÊÃiV` The camera includes a Nexperia image processor/FPGA/ UÊÃ«iVÌÊ,>ÌÊ{\Î memory subsystem which can process image data from UÊ"ÕÌ«ÕÌÊ-iÃÌÛÌÞÊÎäÊÕ6Éi the sensor in real time. Image data and results can be UÊ-ÞV ÀÕÃÊÀ downloaded using it’s Camera Link interface. Program- ÊÊÊÃÞV ÀÕÃÊ/À}}iÀ ming tools allow this camera to be a customizable stand- UÊ£ÓÊLÌÊ alone image processing system for complex applications UÊ >ÞiÀÊ«>ÌÌiÀÊVÀÊÀ including object recognition, defect classification and ÊÊÊV Ài customer imaging algorithms. The price is about the UÊ"ÊL>À`Ê iÝ«iÀ> same as our competitiors “dumb” versions. ÊÊÊ* 8£ÇäÓÊJÊxääÊ â * If you want a “dumb” camera, we will be happy to sell you one UÊÓxÈÊ ÊV>iÀ>ÊiÀÞ at a very attractive price, so in any case you are smart. UÊÕÊÀ>}iÊvÊÃvÌÜ>ÀiÊÌÃ UÊ1ÃiÀÊ«À}À>>LiÊÊ É ³³ FASTVISION UÊ >ÃVÊ >iÀ>ÊÊ"ÕÌ«ÕÌ UÊÓÊ//Ê"ÕÌ«ÕÌÃ £Î£Ê >iÊ7iLÃÌiÀÊ} Ü>Þ]ÊxÓ >Ã Õ>]Ê ÊäÎäÈä UÊ£Ê//ÊÌÀ}}iÀÊ«ÕÌ /i\ÊÈäÎ°n£°{Î£ÇÊUÊ>Ý\ÊÈäÎ°n£°£nn£ >\ÊÃ>iÃJ>ÃÌ6Ã°V ÜÜÜ°>ÃÌ6Ã°V

Free Info at http://info.hotims.com/22916-860 ➮ Intro Cov ToC + – A ➭ Available for Cabled, Wireless, A Medical-Device or Hybrid Operation Revolution is Going On