Methods of Achieving High Color Rendering Index with Leds

Special Features: Embedded Wireless electronica Preview Boards & Modules

Cover Story Methods of achieving high Color Rendering Index with LEDs

VIEWPOINT

Dear Readers,

Once more its showtime again: the electronics industry will meet from November 11th to 14th at the fair- grounds of Messe München. Th is year electronica is celebrating its 50th birthday – evidence for the long lasting success of this event. Beside all other aspects and components of electronic embedded systems will play a major role in the exhibition and also in the embedded platform conference program. Th e conference is being held in conjunction with electronica in Munich on November 11 and 12. Participants of the embedded platforms conference will get an overview of and insights into the ecosystems of modern embedded platforms. Speakers may make pre- sentations on the following topics: cores and peripherals, 8-/16-bit controllers, 32-bit processors, DSP platforms, FPGAs, multicore chips, SoC approaches, security and safety, saving energy, testing, debugging, trace as well as porting and migration, RTOS and other operating systems, initializing and booting, standardization, tool chains and ecosystems, obsolescence, simulation, emulation and modelling platforms. More information about electronica 2014 and the Embedded Forum organized by ICC Media and Messe München you´ll fi nd starting at page 10 of this issue.

One sector of the electronics industry which combines nearly all aspects of embedded systems is automotive electronics. Latest trend are energy effi ciency, lighting, electromobility, connected cars, and autonomous driving. Th is means that the future of driving will be electrifi ed, automated and networked. Th erefore it is expected that the value of hardware and soft ware in cars will continue to grow in the years to come. Already nowadays automotive electronics is one of the most important segments in the market for electronic components and according to a forecast by the German Electrical and Electronic Manufacturers’ Association (ZVEI), market volume is expected to increase to more than 430 billion euros by the year 2025. Th is year, some 1,500 exhibitors will demonstrate all topics of the automotive electronic. Experts will also discuss the industry’s latest challenges and developments at the Automotive Forum and the electronica automotive conference.

Th e Automotive Forum and the lectures and panel discussions are also an opportunity to gather information about the latest developments and trends. During the four days of the 2014 fair, the topics of power electronics and automotive soft ware will be the focus of special atten- tion. Th e automotive conference is held on November 10. Th e conference is where leading executives and experts from the automotive sector meet to exchange ideas and information about topics that play a key role in the transition that is aff ecting the entire industry. Th e lectures at this year’s conference are divided into three subject areas, i.e. lighting, sensor fusion and connectivity. As you can see there are a lot of new developments going and new products and solution presented at the electronica fair. You´ll fi nd us in Hall A6, booth 453. Let´s meet there and discuss the latest trends in the embedded industry.

Yours Sincerely

Wolfgang Patelay Editor

3 October 2014 CONTENTS

Viewpoint 3 Cover Story: Methods of achieving high Color Cover Story Rendering Index with LEDs 6 With standard LEDs, it is not possible to Methods of achieving high Color realize LED luminaires and lamps with Rendering Index with LEDs 6 both high efﬁ cacies and high CRI. This article introduces the Brilliant Mix con- electronica Preview cept which now allows to effectively realizing both high CRI and high luminaire Munich, November 11 to 14: efﬁ ciencies. electronica celebrates its 50th anniversary 10 Embedded Wireless Munich, November 11 to 14: Successful energy harvesting electronica celebrates its 50th anniversary 10 for wireless sensor nodes 15

Open Source solutions for electronica is celebrating its fi f- connected applications tomorrow 18 tieth anniversary, and will once again be the industry platform Boards & Modules for exchange of information and expertise about electronics. Rugged embedded standards-based solutions that deliver on SWaP(-C) 22 SMARC: two processor worlds Successful energy harvesting combined in a single standard 32 for wireless sensor nodes 15 Ultra-rugged Embedded Computer: This article presents simple energy-harvesting techniques which the one for the rough stuff 34 can be used to implement maintenance-free wireless sensors for cost-effective networking in applications such as smart homes, Confi gurable hardware for automotive building automation and M2M communication. alternator regulator designs 38 Automotive Rugged embedded standards-based Optimizing system effi ciency using solutions that deliver on MCU power management options 42 SWaP(-C) 22 Small form factor design trends are para- Microcontrollers doxical. Form factor size decreases while required functionality increases. More pro- Easy-to-use, accessible technology cessing power is demanded while lower for the Internet of Things 44 power consumption and thermal output are expected. Rugged- ness against the shock, vibration, humidity, temperature extremes Tools & Software and variance inherent in mobile and outdoor applications is also needed, facing designers with a very complex soup. How to achieve fastest system startup sequences with your embedded system 46 Confi gurable hardware for automotive Product News 49-55 alternator regulator designs 38 The Epona alternator regulator can increase the effi ciency of generators in 24V and 12V on-board electrical systems in commercial vehicles and passenger cars. A basic hardware system that can be used in all designs is ideal here Special Features: Embedded Wireless because it can be adjusted in line with electronica Preview Boards & Modules the specifi c customer system by means of software.

How to achieve fastest system startup sequences with your embedded system 46 This article discusses how to achieve fast startup times, especially in view of different operating systems like a general purpose OS or RTOS. Additionally an overview is given on boot media and their

Cover Story Methods of achieving high Color Rendering Index with LEDs Cover Photo: effects on startup behavior, together with practical measurements. MOUSER ELECTRONICS

October 2014 4

COVER STORY

Methods of achieving high Color Rendering Index with LEDs By Marc Dyble, Osram Opto Semiconductors and Lynnette Reese, Mouser Electronics

With standard LEDs, it is not possible to realize LED luminaires and lamps with both high efﬁ cacies and high CRI. This article introduces the Brilliant Mix concept which now allows to effectively realizing both high CRI and high luminaire efﬁ ciencies.

Th e proper use of light is both a science and higher the luminous effi cacy (lumens per watt.) methods are commonly used to create white an art form. Lighting can be mere illumination CRI is also an indicator of how natural an light with LEDs. Th e fi rst approach is through or can create an eff ect, but new LED technol- object color appears when illuminated (Fig- the combination of multiple colors, usually red, ogies can help to make dull spaces come alive. ure 1.) Th ese are the highest achievable CRI green, and blue, in multi-chip packages or LED Everyone’s color vision is diff erent, therefore values for common light sources. Th e lighting clusters. Th is is the same principle used in back- interpreting color can be very subjective, but community tends to use CRI as an indicator of lighting LED LCD TVs: mixing the three colors specifi cations can provide a basis for objective quality, or preference, even though it was not in various proportions results in an entire spec- comparison. One major specifi cation used in necessarily intended for this purpose. Light trum of colors. Th e second approach is to com- the lighting industry is the Color Rendering sources with dramatically diff erent spectral bine a semiconductor chip (blue or UV) with Index (CRI). “Color rendering” describes how power distributions can have identical color converter materials (phosphors) through lumi- an object appears to the human eye based points yet render colors very diff erently. nescence conversion within a single package. A upon an ideal or natural light source. third approach involves an innovative combi- At the centerpiece of the LED is a highly effi - nation of the best of both methods, called the An artist showing their paintings would cient semiconductor chip, which is affi xed to Brilliant Mix concept. most likely want their work lit so that rich, a lead frame that has an Anode (positive side) vibrant colors are noticed. A discussion using and Cathode (negative side). All are assem- A phosphor-based high CRI approach is a attributes of CRI can quickly get artist and bled in a thermally optimized IC-type package. method that includes an additional stable gallery manager “on the same page” regard- Phosphor is either coated over the die, placed red phosphor. Th e latest developments using ing lighting. CRI is used to compare how true on top as a layer, or mixed within and encap- enhanced phosphors increase the CRI value to objects are rendered. Presently, this is the only sulated to protect the diode. Several phos- 95, but the trade-off is lower effi cacy. LEDs are recognized measure of color rendering in the phors are used; the OSLONSSL LED family, for particularly effi cient when color coordinates lighting industry since being introduced in example, is available in four diff erent phosphor are closer to blue light, and the phosphor does the early 1960s. Light sources cause subtle blends based on the target application. Out- not have to shift the blue coordinates quite variations in how colors are rendered. door lighting may require cool or neutral color so far. To achieve a warm white light, several temperatures (4000-6500K) with a CRI of 70. luminescent substances must be combined, CRI is rated on a scale from 0 to 100. Lighting although this reduces the LED effi cacy. Th ere with a CRI of 85 to 90 is typically very good For general interior lighting, a CRI of 82 may is a limitation; with standard LEDs, it is not at rendering the color of objects while light be suffi cient for offi ce related tasks. Retail, possible to realize LED luminaires and lamps sources with a CRI of 90 or greater are excel- museum, and other color-critical applications with both high effi cacies and high CRI. How- lent and are used for tasks that require very may require yet another phosphor blend for ever, with the Brilliant Mix concept by Osram, accurate color discrimination. With respect high CRI requirements. Producing white light both high CRI and high luminaire effi ciencies to LEDs, typically the lower the CRI value, the with LED sources is a challenging task. Two can be eff ectively realized. Th is approach fuses

October 2014 6 COVER STORY

Figure 1. CRI is an indicator of how natural an object color appears when illuminated

Figure 2. Brilliant Mix is the mixing of two colors in order to generate warm white light the two existing methods – mixed color from new approach makes for a high luminous effi - monochromatic LEDs and phosphor con- cacy. Th e red LED is combined with EQ white verted LEDs – to create a warm-white LED (a highly effi cient source with majority of its light source with both high CRI (> 90) and high energy in within the green region of the visi- luminous effi cacy. Th is new approach makes ble spectrum, where the eye is most sensitive). total luminous effi cacies of over 110 lumens per watt (lm/W) possible, producing up to 30 When these two sources combine in the cor- percent more light than phosphor-converted rect ratio, we get a pleasant, warm white light warm-white LEDs with a comparable CRI, but with a CRI over 90, giving us the ability to with similar power consumption. identify diff erences in the shades of the purple, blue and pink fl owers by increasing our color Brilliant Mix is the mixing of two colors in discrimination, or how vivid and easily distin- order to generate warm white light. Th is guishable colors appear. Th e average CRI of approach uses red or amber monochromatic Brilliant Mix is very high (Ra >90). LEDs, combined with special white LEDs which have been shift ed into the green range Additionally, the highly compact OSLONSSL (called EQ-White). EQ-White is produced LED is the vehicle for both phosphor-based like a normal converted white LED with a blue and Brilliant Mix solutions. Th e standard chip and green phosphor. Th e green phosphor phosphor conversion method produces has a very low conversion loss rate and makes reduced effi cacy, but implementation is eas- for a very effi cient light source in combination ier. Brilliant Mix enables higher effi cacy but with the blue chip. Advantages off ered by the is more complex to implement. In the future, Brilliant Mix Concept include high CRI, very lighting could dynamically adjust for any high LED effi cacies (> 110 lm/W possible), lighting condition, accurately mimic lighting and warm white coverage from 2,700 K to conditions outside, and be able to provide a 4,000 K. Luminous effi cacies of the two light fully customizable lighting environment for sources are maintained (Figure 2), thus the individuals. or more information visit Fthe Application & Technologies section of mouser.com

7 October 2014 PRODUCT NEWS

Microsemi: updated Libero SoC v11.4 brings together entire solutions, consisting FTDI: collaboration with MCCI for software improves design ﬂow runtime of selected sensors, wireless components, advanced embedded SoC products Microsemi announced the release of its updated micro-controllers, power management and FTDI Chip announces that its technol- Libero System-on-Chip version 11.4 compre- safety solutions for devices on the Internet ogy partnership with MCCI Corporation, hensive design software used for the develop- of Things. While RUTRONIK EMBEDDED developer of USB drivers and firmware for ment of the latest generation of Microsemi’s supplies industrial customers with embedded embedded SoC, has resulted in the avail- FPGA SoC products. The Libero SoC v11.4 boards, storage, displays, wireless modules, ability of TrueTask USB - an embedded USB release improves design flow runtime by up to auto-ID components and specific periph- host stack designed for use with FTDI Chip’s 35 percent for its award-winning SmartFusion2 eral components, with RUTRONIK SMART ground-breaking FT900 product family. SoC FPGAs and IGLOO2 FPGAs. Rutronik is providing specific support to man- News ID 1961 News ID 1904 ufacturers of devices on the Internet of Things. News ID 1958 Mouser now stocking Cypress IDT: 1.5V PCI Express clock buffers CY7C1049CV33 fast Async SRAM Integrated Device Technology announced the Toshiba: motor driver ICs save Mouser Electronics is now stocking the expansion of its PCIe timing portfolio with the space and simplify design CY7C1049CV33 Fast Async SRAM from industry’s first 1.5 V PCI Express buffer family. Toshiba Electronics Europe has introduced Cypress Semiconductor. Engineered using IDT’s new U-series ultra-low power PCIe buf- two new motor driver ICs, TC78H610FNG Cypress‘s high-performance Complementary fers operate from the same supply voltage as and TB67Z800FTG, which save space and Metal Oxide Semiconductor technology, this modern systems-on-chip and field program- simplify design in low power motor applica- 4 Mbit, static RAM device is organized as mable gate arrays, enabling designers to use the tions. TC78H610FNG is an H bridge driver for 524,288 words by 8 bits, provides a high-speed, same power rail, thus reducing system com- low voltage brushed DC motors, such as those maximum access time of 8 ns and offers easy plexity, physical size, and power consumption. used in home appliances and battery-pow- memory expansion with CE and OE features. News ID 1911 ered equipment. Supplied in a SSOP16 pack- News ID 1912 age, it can reduce the required mounting area Apacer launches DDR4 2133 U-DIMM by 21% compared to conventional products Softing: replacement for Yamaha’s To adapt to the changing market trends, Apacer with similar functionality housed in SSOP20 discontinued FIND1+ chip newly launches the DDR4 2133 4GB/8GB packages. This allows reduction in the size of Softing‘s UFC100-L1 (Unified Fieldbus Con- Unbuffered DIMM, which combines the equipment and the cost of the PCB. troller) is a fully pin-compatible alternative advantages of both high speed and low power News ID 1863 to the discontinued fieldbus ASIC Find1+ consumption. Compared to its predecessor, its (YTZ420-VZ) from Yamaha. Conformance, work clock rate is 2,133 Mbps with the trans- Innodisk: high performance interoperability, and physical layer tests were mission bandwidth boosted up to 17GB/s, industrial SSDs performed to verify that the UFC100-L1 is delivering a 14% improvement in performance. Innodisk announces a new series of high a direct replacement for the YTZ420 ASIC. News ID 1976 performance industrial SSDs. Available in Softing‘s UFC100-L1 demonstrates addi- standard 2.5“ SATA III as well as SATA Slim tional advantages including, improved Trinamic: dual-axis stepper formats, the 3MG2-P series uses a custom jitter tolerance/robustness, lower power motor controller/driver SoC new ID201 controller, synchronous NAND consumption, and a larger FIFO memory – TRINAMIC Motion Control announced the flash and 19nm manufacturing process to resulting in fewer interruptions to the field TMC5062 monolithic dual-axis motor con- produce high sequential speeds and random device processor. troller and driver that incorporating eight of IOPS, while preserving industrial level reli- News ID 1933 Trinamic’s patented or patent-pending motion ability, power protection, and ruggedness. control technologies. This new SoC integrates News ID 1937 AAEON: network appliances dcStep, Trinamic’s proprietary technology system with Intel Atom E3800 for automatically adapting motor velocity for Fujitsu Semi and ON Semi The newest release FWS-2250 is compact, fan- sudden increases in load. announce strategic partnership less network appliance that boosts the perfor- News ID 1894 Fujitsu Semiconductor and ON Semicon- mance yet offering low power consumption ductor have entered into a foundry services network appliance system. System is based Yamaichi: quad SFF pluggable agreement. Under the terms of this agree- on the new Intel Atom E3800 series CPU and plus connector for 40/100GbE ment, Fujitsu will manufacture wafers for ON support four Gigabit Ethernet ports. A highly Ethernet and InﬁniBand Semiconductor at its 8-inch front-end semi- integrated compact system supporting two Yamaichi Electronics releases their eQSFP+ conductor wafer fabrication facility located in SoDIMM’s, one Compact Flash socket, two product series as the solution for next gener- Aizu-Wakamatsu, Japan. USB2.0 ports (with optional one USB3.0 port), ation 40GbE/100GbE Ethernet applications. News ID 1875 one console port (via additional RJ45 port). With the recent increasing demand for a faster News ID 1953 and more reliable form factor signal transmis- Microsemi: low jitter and small sion interface, Yamaichi presents high-speed size clock management devices EKF: XMC module with quad 32Gbps enhanced Quad Small Form-factor Microsemi announced its new ZL30250 and port Gigabit Ethernet NIC Pluggable plus (eQSFP+) host connectors. ZL30251 flexible clock generators. The devices EKF introduces the DN1-PIKE, a mezzanine News ID 1850 are an ultra-low jitter solution (160fs [12kHz- card for XMC module carrier, equipped with 20MHz integration band]) in a 5x5mm four individual Gbps Ethernet controllers. All RUTRONIK: coordinated portfolio package capable of replacing multiple high ports are available via RJ45 front bezel jacks. for devices on Internet of Things performance crystals and crystal oscillators, The Intel I211 (option I210-IT) Ethernet NICs With RUTRONIK SMART, Rutronik now thus lowering bill of material cost along with provide latest networking technology, e.g. launches a new range of bundled hardware, easing design and testing of timing solutions. power management for increased efficiency. software and services. RUTRONIK SMART News ID 1828 News ID 1922

October 2014 8

ELECTRONICA PREVIEW

Munich, November 11 to 14: electronica celebrates its 50th anniversary electronica is celebrating its ﬁ ftieth anniversary, and will once again be the industry platform for exchange of information and expertise about electronics. From November 11 to 14, 2014, visitors to Messe München can inform themselves about the whole product and service portfolios of the electronic industry: from components and systems to electronic applications and services. This year the international trade fair revolves around automotive, embedded systems and lighting, as well as the overarching themes of security and energy efﬁ ciency. The program of conferences and forums will explore these exhibition topics in greater depth.

energy effi ciency. Th is is where leading executives and experts from is refl ected, among the automotive sector meet to exchange ideas other things, in the and information about topics that play a key electronica Forum, in role in the transition that is aff ecting the entire panel discussions and industry. Th e lectures at this conference this lectures. year are divided into three subject areas, i.e. Lighting, Sensor Fusion and Connectivity. Th e In the exhibition conference will begin with keynotes from Dr. halls, several forums Wolfgang Huhn (Audi AG), Jean-Francois invite you to exchange Tarabbia (Valeo) and Prof. Hermann Eul ideas and dialog. Th e (Intel Corporation). range of topics of the forums - automo- Another conference highlight is the fi nal dis- tive, electronica and cussion on the topic “What eff ects do massive Exhibitor Forum as market shift s eastward have on the capac- well as the PCB & ity for innovation of the European automo- According to calculations by the German Components Market Place - is application-ori- bile industry?” Panel discussion participants Electrical and Electronics Manufacturers’ ented and allows visitors to learn about current include Klaus Meder (Robert Bosch), Kurt Industry Association (ZVEI), the global mar- and future issues. Another is the Embedded Sievers (NXP Semiconductors, Germany), ket for electrical and electronic products grew Forum. Topics here range from “Internet of Karl-Friedrich Stracke (Magna Steyr Fahrzeug- by three per cent last year to approximately 3.7 Th ings: Challenges and Opportunities”, “Secu- technik) and Prof. Siegfried Wolf (Continental trillion euros. Th e Asian and American mar- rity for the Internet of Th ings: Challenges and Automotive). kets have been mainly driving this growth. Solutions”, “ARM-based Microcontrollers , Th is also benefi ts the German electrical indus- FPGAs & SoCs”, “Small Form Factor Boards” or Digital interconnection is permeating all areas try: In the whole of the fi rst quarter of 2014, Internet of Th ings: Chips, Tools & Soft ware for of our life and is thus shaping economic devel- new orders rose by 3 percent over the previous Device Development”. Further, these topics will opment worldwide as well as the emergence year. So the auspices for electronica 2014 are be explored in greater depth within the confer- of new innovative products. So the fourth good. (Source: www.zvei.org) ence program of electronica. industrial revolution has long been more than just a vision. Th rough examples of best prac- In 2012, almost half of the 73,051 visitors and Th e embedded platforms conference will tice, visionary technical lectures and discus- 63 percent of the 2,669 exhibitors were from be looking for the second time at new tech- sion rounds, the conference participants of abroad. With its three-pillar concept of exhibi- nologies, concrete solution approaches and IT2Industry fi nd out about the specifi c con- tion, conference and forum program, this year services for the development of embedded sequences, the opportunities and risks of this electronica will again be providing the latest systems. Th e conference will take place on increasing digital interconnection in industry information about technologies, products, ser- November 12 and 13, in parallel with elec- and production. Th e conference takes place vices and trends in the industry. A highlight of tronica, at the Press Center East of the Messe on November 11 at the Press Center East. the show, the CEO roundtable, will be on the München. Topics are among others Internet fi rst day. Carlo Bozotti (STMicroelectronics), of Th ings, Smart Home, Micros & DSPs, Por- At the Wireless Congress Systems & Applica- Rich Clemmer (NXP Semiconductors), Gregg tability, Design & Simulation, ARM-based tion at the ICM - International Congress Cen- A. Lowe (Freescale Semiconductor) and Dr. Computers & Processors, ASICs, Multicore, ter Munich on November 12 and 13, industry Reinhard Ploss (Infi neon Technologies) will System Engineering, RTOS, Security, Energy experts will discuss the technical aspects of discuss the topic: “Internet of Th ings: Possibil- Management & Effi ciency, SoC, LED Drivers, present and future wireless technologies, pri- ities, Challenges and the Question of Security”. Soft ware Engineering, Hardware Abstraction marily for industrial use. An overview of all Th e focus of the trade show will be on auto- and API. Th e electronica automotive confer- lectures within the conference and forum motive, embedded systems and lighting, as ence is held on November 10, which is the program is available at: well as the cross-cutting issues of security and day before electronica 2014. Th e conference www.electronica.de/en/events

October 2014 10 ELECTRONICA PREVIEW

CEO round-table participants 2012 (from left ): Gregg A. Lowe (President and CEO, Freescale Semiconductor), Carlo Bozotti (President and CEO, STMicroelectronics), Rick Clemmer (Pre- sident and CEO, NXP Semiconductors), Dr. Reinhard Ploss (Chairman, Infi neon Technologies) and Moderator Killian Reichert. Th ey will meet this year again to discuss actual trends in the electronics industry.

The world’s leading trade fair for the electronics industry is 50

At its launch 50 years ago, electronica faced stiff competition from major trade fairs in Europe. Interestingly it was several major US electronics companies who were the driving force behind the introduction of electronica. Th ey recognized that Germany was becoming a major consumer of electronic components and systems and were keen to be in at the begin- ning of Europe’s biggest potential market for their products and services.

Th e rest, as they say, is history. electronica quickly became a sell-out event which resulted in sections of it emerging as new events. LASER World of PHOTONICS was launched as a separate show in 1973, followed by productronica (which alternates every other year with electronica) in 1975. Even with these two signifi cant industry sectors departing electronica, the show continued to expand, fi nally outgrowing Munich’s original exhibition grounds and in 1998, electronica moved to a new, purpose-designed exhibition and conference center built by Munich and the State of Bavaria to house its major trade fairs.

electronica 2014: Facts and fi gures at a glance Date: Tuesday – Friday, November 11 – 14 Times: Tuesday – Th ursday: 9:00 – 18:00 and Friday: 9:00 – 17:00 Price of admission: 1-day ticket starting at EUR 27.50 (online) Th e catalog is included in the price of admission (while supplies last). Tickets may be ordered online at www.electronica.de/en/tickets

Conference dates: electronica automotive conference: Monday November 10 (ICM – International Congress Center München) embedded platforms conference: Wednesday – Th ursday, November 12 – 13 (Press Center East) IT2Industry: Tuesday, November 11 (Press Center East) Wireless Congress: Wednesday – Th ursday, November 12 – 13 (ICM – International Congress Center München) electronica event database: www.electronica.de/en/events

11 October 2014

EMBEDDED WIRELESS

Successful energy harvesting for wireless sensor nodes By Cristian Toma, Microchip

This article presents simple energy-harvesting techniques which can be used to implement maintenance-free wireless sensors for cost-effective networking in applications such as smart homes, building automation and M2M communication.

Using energy harvesting to power wireless and the electro-mechanical energy which is ably need to undergo pre-compliance test- sensor nodes need not to be complicated, or harvested from a magnet moving near to an ing. Hiring the specialist equipment for these costly. Careful consideration of the appro- inductor coil. Temperature gradients can also pre-compliance tests can cost around $750 per priate communication protocol and data be used to provide thermo-electrical energy month. Th en there is the cost of the actual cer- rate, combined with the power-saving fea- for harvesting using the Seebeck eff ect. tifi cation process to a wireless standard which tures off ered by the latest RF devices, can all will typically include costs for compliance be used to reduce power consumption. Th e Common wireless protocols such as ZigBee testing, profi le testing and the appropriate result is a wireless sensor node which can or Bluetooth may be the fi rst which spring to hardware sniff er tools. Altogether these tests operate almost indefi nitely and with little or mind when considering which wireless tech- bring the typical cost for certifi cation to the no human intervention. Whilst the cost of a nology to use for an energy-harvesting design. ZigBee standard to around $3000. Th en there wireless network may start with the hardware, However, not all designs will need to incur may also be an annual membership fee as well there are other factors which can add to the the cost or the complexity of using an indus- as per-chip royalties which will need to be cost. Th ese may include additional hardware try-standard wireless protocol. Th e choice included. Th e overall impact of certifi cation and soft ware costs, certifi cation to standards will be based on the degree of compatibility on the cost-per-unit will depend on the pro- such as ZigBee and Bluetooth and also roy- required by each design. For example, a wire- duction volume. Take, for example, a design alty costs. Th e amount of energy that can be less headset for a mobile phone will almost with hardware costs of around $1 to $1.5 per harvested by a wireless sensor is typically certainly need to off er wide compatibility unit over a production quantity of 10,000 limited by cost and size. It is therefore criti- whereas a simple RF remote control may not units. At an estimated cost of around $10,000, cal to ensure that the amount of energy drawn need or be able to support the cost of compat- certifi cation to FCC would eff ectively double by the sensor and the wireless transmitter is ibility with products of other manufacturers. the cost per unit of the product. Th en the cost lower than the amount which can be supplied Any design which includes a wireless sensor of certifi cation to an RF standard, including by energy harvesting. will need FCC or CE certifi cation so this cost pre-compliance testing, the certifi cation pro- is common across all designs. Th e cost of cess and RF test equipment, could easily push Th ere are a number of sources from which gaining certifi cation to a specialised standard, the cost over $10,000. energy can be harvested, of which the most however, will typically be higher than the cost common is solar power. Solar panels come in for FCC or CE certifi cation and can oft en be Eff ective management of power consumption sizes which range from large panels integrat- underestimated. is critical for a wireless sensor node powered ing a high number of solar cells, to the small by energy harvesting and will have an impact cells which are used to power products such as Th e overall cost of implementing a wireless on every design decision. Th e confi guration of calculators and toys. Other sources of power standard goes much further than basic hard- the RF transmission deserves special consid- include radio waves, which are received by an ware and soft ware costs. Before going through eration to enable the system to eliminate all antenna and converted into electrical energy, the compliance process the design will prob- unnecessary power consumption. Parameters

15 October 2014 EMBEDDED WIRELESS

For the selected bit-rate of 100 Kbps, this gives a transmission time of 640 μs. For a RF transmission of +0 dB at 868 MHz, using FSK modulation, the power consumption is 12 mA.

E2 = 12mA * 3v * 640μs = 23.04μJ

Using a simple transmission at 10 kbps the energy used would be:

E2 = 7.5mA * 3v * 6.40ms = 144μJ

Th is comparison shows the diff erence in the energy used and reinforces the importance of using a higher data rate.

Th e PIC12LF1840T48A transmitter will automatically time-out and revert to a low-power shutdown mode aft er sending the last data bit. With a minimum timeout period of 2ms the additional energy consumption will be: Figure 1. Block diagram of the PIC12LF1840T48A microcontroller E3 = 12mA * 3v * 2ms = 72μJ such as the modulation scheme, the speed at ing the time between active periods will mean which data is transmitted, and the RF output that the controller will spend more time in Th ese calculations provide a total power draw power into the antenna, will all aff ect the over- low-power mode and therefore reduce the for the transmission of a single data packet of: all power consumption. As a general guideline, average power consumption. Th e current shorter periods of active operation will result draw will also be determined by the type of E = E1 + E2 + E3 = 9.75μJ + 23.04μJ + 72μJ in lower average power consumption. Th is data that the sensor captures between trans- = 104.79μJ can include ensuring that all the devices used missions. Receiving data from op-amps and a in the design, from an LED to a microcontrol- bridge load cell, for example, will demand a A miniature solar cell that generates a current ler or transmitter, spend the maximum time relatively large current compared to the cur- output of 4.5μA at 3V will need to be active in low-power mode. rent used during the transmission of RF data. for the number of seconds that are required to get enough energy for a single data transmis- Using a higher data rate will mean that the An example design based on sion. Using a low-cost solar cell as an example, design uses more power, but the trade-off is PIC12LF1840T48A microcontroller shows a best-case scenario of 3V at 40μA, only gen- that shorter packet lengths will reduce energy the calculations for energy consumption: the erates 120μW of power: consumption. Th e modulation scheme will integrated transmitter of the microcontroller also have a role to play in managing energy has a maximum frequency deviation of up to 3V * 40μA = 120μW consumption. ASK or OOK modulation uses 200 kHz which allows a maximum bit-rate less energy because there are periods when the of 100 Kbps. Using a small data packet with Th e calculation for the amount of time RF power is reduced with ASK modulation, or a 16-bit preamble, a 16-bit synchronization required to collect suffi cient energy to send a zero with OOK. Th e average current draw will pattern and a 32-bit payload, one complete single data transmission is: also be lower with ASK. Despite this, the pre- data packet can be transmitted in just 640 μs. ferred modulation scheme is FSK because it can With the energy measured in joules (J) this T = 104.79μJ / 120μW = 0.87s achieve signifi cantly higher data rates. If basic provides: one-way communication is all that is needed, Th is shows that the sensor unit has to wait the design could use a simple RF transmit- 1J = 1W * 1s = 1V * 1A * 1s for 0.87 seconds between two sequential data ter; but if the goal is certifi cation to a wireless transmissions assuming that the solar cell has standard such as IEEE 802.15.4 then a special- Th e energy consumption used for sending one a constant light source. In real-world applica- ized controller may be preferred. For example, data package is calculated by: tions the natural light, which is the primary Microchip PIC12LF1840T48A microcontroller source of energy, is available only during has an integrated transmitter which supports a E = 10.5mA * 640μS = 10.5mA * 3.0v * 640μS the day. Th e calculation, therefore, must be data rate of 10 Kbps in OOK mode and 100 = 31.5mW * 640uS = 20.16μJ extended to take into consideration the fact Kbps in FSK mode. Th is data is therefore sent that the harvesting system must store the ten times faster using FSK modulation than Th e start-up time for the crystal oscillator is energy harvested during the day so that it can with OOK. At higher data rates, an RF receiver typically 650 μs, with an energy draw of 5 mA be used during the night. Another factor to can also receive and decode FSK signals much during start-up. Th e start-up power consump- consider is that the energy required to carry more effi ciently than with ASK modulation. tion is therefore calculated by: out the actual sensor measurement in not included in the example calculations. Th ere Th e low-power shutdown modes of the micro- E1 = 5mA * 3.0v * 650μs = 9.75μJ are a number of options which can be imple- controller can also be used to minimize energy mented to store the energy harvested during consumption. Th e frequency with which the Th e data transmission used in the example daylight hours. Th ese options include using sensor needs to transmit data will depend on design contains 16 bits of preamble, 16 bits a supercapacitor as the storage element, or the response time of each application. Extend- of synchronization pattern and 32 bits of data. trickle-charging low-cost NiMH rechargeable

October 2014 16 EMBEDDED WIRELESS

batteries directly from the solar cell. In the work contains a high number of nodes. In both mechanical energy, and, more recently, even few applications where the source of energy of these scenarios, energy harvesting could blood sugar. The successful implementation is constant, there may be no need for storage. power the wireless sensors almost indefinitely of energy harvesting to power a wireless sen- and with virtually no human intervention. sor node needs careful control of the wire- The main advantage of using energy harvesting Energy harvesting is becoming an increasingly less sensor’s overall power draw. This can be in low-power wireless sensor nodes is not an viable solution for powering wireless sensor achieved by selecting the most appropriate immediate reduction in the cost per unit, but nodes particularly in networks which are not communication protocol and data rate, and the long-term savings in maintenance costs. based on networking standards such as Zig- by using all the power-saving features inte- These savings are particularly useful if the sen- Bee or WiFi. There is also a growing range of grated into RF devices such as the Microchip sor nodes are in remote locations, or if the net- energy sources such as light, heat, radio waves, PIC12LF1840T48A microcontroller.

Product News

Artila cooperates with Nietzsche Telit expands m2mAIR mobile coverage IEEE 802.15.4 standard. GreenPeak’s family Enterprise in wireless automation across Europe and Latin America of patented multi-stack low-power radio ZigBee is a low-cost, low-power, wireless Telit Wireless Solutions announced its chips has been developed to simultaneously mesh network standard targeted at wide appointment to the Telefonica m2m Chan- support different wireless networking pro- deployment of long battery life devices in nel Partner Programme. As a result, m2mAIR tocols. The family of GP71x chips today wireless control and monitoring applications. Mobile can now offer local Telefonica con- supports ZigBee PRO, SEP 2.0, RF4CE and Thanks to its powerful star, tree networks, nectivity services, together with its own suite Green Power, and is capable of supporting and generic Mesh networking support, of value added services to M2M customers new and emerging protocols such as the ZigBee had been widely used in building throughout Europe and Latin America. recently announced protocol by the Thread automation, lightning control, energy man- News ID 1835 Group, allowing customers to upgrade their agement and security. Artila announces the devices to support existing protocols for cooperation with Nietzsche in wireless auto- GreenPeak: smart home chips support legacy devices as well as newer devices run- mation of the environment monitoring and new networking protocols like Thread ning Thread at the same time. safety alert. GreenPeak is pleased to recognize Thread’s News ID 1844 News ID 1952 entry in the family of protocols based on the EMBEDDED WIRELESS

Open Source solutions for connected applications tomorrow By Andrew Mitchell, Sierra Wireless

This article introduces Legato, a new generation of M2M software - an open-source embedded platform designed to simplify the development of M2M applications. It is built on a fully-tested Linux distribution, with a tightly integrated application framework and M2M toolset.

Figure 1. Legato is an open source embedded platform built on Linux, designed to simplify M2M application development.

Th e explosive growth in the Internet of cept to a working solution that complies with come for a standardized M2M platform that Everything holds enormous potential. Mod- industry-specifi c standards and protocols, can support universal device-to-cloud solu- ern machine-to-machine (M2M) technology mobile network operator (MNO) specifi cations. Th e smartphone industry saw explo- can provide more processing power and intelli- tions, and regulatory requirements. sive growth only when a standardized mobile gence at the edge than ever before, and support operating environment emerged that let peo- more complex and powerful connected appli- Limited portability. M2M applications are ple develop applications independently of the cations. But the M2M marketplace presents a typically tied to the proprietary soft ware envi- underlying hardware. It’s time for that indus- number of hurdles for developers seeking to ronment of a vendor. Th at means developers try evolution in M2M. capitalize on this potential. Barriers include: usually have to repeat the entire integration, testing, and validation process for each hard- Sierra Wireless is enabling this new gen- No standardized, M2M-ready operation ware platform deployed. If an application eration of M2M soft ware with Legato - an system (OS). Linux is increasingly becom- uses one chipset in North America, another open-source embedded platform designed ing the OS of choice for M2M because it is in Europe, and another in China, developers to simplify the development of M2M appli- open-source, easily customized and widely have to build essentially custom solutions cations. It is built on a fully-tested Linux dis- used among developers. But standard Linux from scratch for each market. tribution, with a tightly integrated application is not designed for the unique requirements framework and M2M toolset that provide of embedded applications. Adapting it can be Impeded innovation. Th e lack of a standard- everything developers need to quickly build, enormously time-consuming and expensive ized, universal soft ware platform is in many deploy and connect their embedded appli- because you have to assemble all the neces- ways preventing the M2M industry from cations. Developers can ramp up applica- sary libraries, development tools and APIs, evolving as quickly as it should. Using pro- tions from proof-of-concept to mass market and then integrate with specifi c vendor hard- prietary, hardware-specifi c solutions makes it deployment with more fl exibility, using this ware. Companies can spend many months very diffi cult for anyone, other than the peo- fully customizable open-source platform that and hundreds of thousands of dollars just to ple building the device, to create soft ware that can support any vendor hardware, any cloud create a functional Linux-based application runs on it. It also means that developers have management platform, and any network or environment before they even begin testing limited ability to port their expertise from one peripheral. How does Legato change the way and validation. project or platform to another, which makes developers create and deploy M2M applica- it more expensive for OEMs and other com- tions? An automotive supplier building a gov- Poor scalability. Taking an M2M application panies building connected applications to ernment-mandated eCall emergency response from idea to proof-of-concept can be rela- bring in needed developer expertise. With 2 system can use the same solution to run a tively easy. Th e problems begin once a proto- billion M2M connections projected world- third-party pay-as-you-drive insurance appli- type is approved for mass production. It can wide by 2018 - representing nearly 20 percent cation - completely securely and on the same literally take years to evolve a proof-of-con- of all mobile-connected devices - the time has platform. An energy industry OEM can use

October 2014 18

EMBEDDED WIRELESS

Legato development tools and included APIs M2M has come a long way. But to support end-to-end solution to accelerate the develop- to build a smart meter that connects to a cus- the explosive growth analysts anticipate over ment of connected applications, encompass- tomer-facing energy application over a home the next several years, the industry needs to ing powerful multicore hardware with ARM network. In both cases, developers benefit evolve faster. As enterprises embrace more processors, pre-tested and validated software, from the ability to use pre-existing, pre-val- advanced M2M applications, developers need and a cloud platform capable of managing idated building blocks and industry-specific tools to simplify the process of developing millions of devices over the air. By build- protocols to build their applications. They embedded applications, and make them easier ing these capabilities into a standards-based, also can securely manage and update appli- to design, deploy, and port. Legato provides open-source platform, Legato gives develop- cations over the air with pre-integrated cloud these critical capabilities in a standardized, ers the flexibility to build embedded applica- connectivity. In both energy and automotive, open-source platform right now. As a pioneer tions how they choose, independent of the where solutions need long operational life- in M2M software development and creator of underlying hardware. Developers can turn times, developers benefit by building applica- the Open AT application framework, Sierra their skills and energy away from tedious inte- tions on an open-source Linux kernel that will Wireless is leading this industry transforma- gration tasks, and toward creating innovative be supported by the industry for many years. tion. With Legato, the company provides an new applications.

Product News

TES opens competence center tion on DRAM Memory that engineers need partners, fulfilling special requirements not for Physical ASIC Design for Design, Layout, Verification and Failure covered by products already available. This TES Electronic Solutions announces the analysis on DRAM interfaces from DDR1 up makes EBV the first semiconductor specialist opening of a dedicated Competence Center to DDR4. The training is done in cooperation to offer such a service. for Physical ASIC Design, focusing on Digital- with ee-training. Make sure to use the promo- News ID 1930 and Mixed-Signal devices. The new group has tion Code EK3232 when registering for the lately been established within TES’ existing event to get a discount! EyeKnowHow will be Syslogic: projected capacitive touch ASIC Design Center in Düsseldorf. The Com- present at Embedded World 2015. panel series for vehicle control systems petence Center consists of a dedicated team News ID 1973 Syslogic touch panel computers from the Pro- of experts, experienced with CMOS technol- jective Capacitive Touch Panel Series comprise ogies ranging from 0.35 μm down to 40 nm. ERNI: high density ERmet ZDHD a scratch-proof and wear-free touchscreen, News ID 1862 connector available in 4-pair versions thereby meeting the high requirements from With the ERmet ZDHD family ERNI electron- industry in terms of robustness and durability. Swissbit extends security series ics has developed a high density high-speed The touch panel computers are designed for with two MICRO SD cards connector system which support data rates of an extended temperature range of between -25 Swissbit presents two new members of the up to 25 Gbps. Based on ERmet ZDHD con- and +65° C and suitable for continuous oper- Security Series PS-100u: the secure MICRO nectors demanding 100 Gbps systems ( with ation (24/7) and are therefore able to stand up SD storage cards PS-100u PE and PS-100u DP four 25 Gbps channels according to the IEEE to extreme environmental conditions include new security functions, the PS-100u 802.3bj standard) can be built. In addition to News ID 1874 PE with an integrated smart card, the PS-100u the existing 6-pair version ERNI now also DP without. The new products will make it offers compact 4-pair male and female parts MEN: MVB-functionality for easier for solution providers to create secure of the ERmet ZDHD connectors. railway computers applications. News ID 1949 MEN have entered into a partnership with News ID 1830 train control and monitoring company MSC: COM Express type 2 duagon, and is thereby continuing to com- DFI: COM Express Mini type 10 modules with Intel Core CPUs plete its product range in the field of sys- powered by Atom E3800 with ECC MSC Technologies presents the powerful tem solutions for railways. duagon’s MVB DFI unveils a new Type 10 COM Express Mini MSC CXB-8S COM Express Type 2 module (multifunctional vehicle bus) interfaces will module. BT9A3 uses the low-power Intel Atom family based on 4th generation Intel Core be integrated into MEN’s modular 19-inch processor E3800 SoC product family which processors. The high-end platform for sophis- CompactPCI systems, as well as its full line of primarily aimed at 24-hour operating intel- ticated applications complements MSC Tech- robust box and panel PCs to enhance railway ligent systems, such as ATMs, POS terminals, nologies’ MSC CXC-BT COM Express Type 2 communication systems. and smart gird. The Mini module comes with a module family which integrates the latest Intel News ID 1814 choice of Intel Atom E3800 SoCs ranging from Atom E3800 processor technology known as single core (5 watts TDP), dual core (6~8 watts Bay Trail. With Type 2.0 pin-out compliant Avalue: Atom E3800 and Celeron TDP), up to quad core (10 watts TDP). to the COM Express specification, both prod- J1900 based embedded systems News ID 1864 ucts offer „legacy“ interfaces like PATA and Avalue is unveiling a new Intel Atom proces- PCI bus. sor E3800 and Celeron J1900 product fam- EKH: additional DRAM training News ID 1845 ily embedded systems, including EMS-BYT, “Open the Black Box of Memory” EPC-BYT, ASM-BYT, EPS-BYT-2PCI and EKH adds an additional event for the DRAM EBV: new website for EBVchips Program ERS-BYTE-10COM. The Intel Atom processor Training “Open the Black Box of Memory”. EBV Elektronik now also offers customers E3800 is a system-on-chip. Based on the 22nm In order to keep the quality of the event high comprehensive online information on its EBV- Silvermont microarchitecture, these new pro- the number of participants is limited. As the chips program. Under the name EBVchips, cessors are designed for intelligent systems and maximum number is reached we decided to EBV defines its own semiconductor solutions, applications with low power consumption and setup an alternative on Sept. 22./23. 2014. The which are developed with and for its custom- high performance requirements. training covers in depth technical informa- ers! They are manufactured by EBV’s supplier News ID 1816

October 2014 20

BOARDS & MODULES

Rugged embedded standards-based solutions that deliver on SWaP(-C) By Jeff Munch, ADLINK

Small form factor design trends are paradoxical. Form factor size decreases while required functionality increases. More processing power is demanded while lower power consumption and thermal output are expected. Ruggedness against the shock, vibration, humidity, temperature extremes and variance inherent in mobile and outdoor Rugged military systems using applications is also needed, facing small form factor COTS design designers with a very complex soup. and industry-standards, are required to meet the requirements for SWaP(-C).

Yes, designing for rugged applications pres- than typical bus connections in PCs (such as ules, requiring fewer layers to fulfi ll applica- ents its share of challenges, but there are form PCI or PCI Express slot cards). PC/104 deliv- tion requirements. Th e ability to withstand factors and manufacturing techniques that ers high performance combined with low temperature extremes oft en associated with accommodate most requirements for either power, stackable confi gurations and adher- remote environments still allows PC/104 general or application-specifi c design. Mobil- ence to MIL-STD, and it meets key industrial to excel in off -grid computing (e.g. defense ity and environmental extremes are critical and transportation standards for electromag- apps). Stackable, mix-and-match modularity considerations for rugged board design in netic interface/compatibility (EMI/EMC), e.g. and the intrinsically rugged design of PC/104 military, transportation, industrial and sur- EN50121, EN50155, EN610000-x, etc. Th e is ideal for many of the technology upgrade veillance applications, to name a few. And ability to build stacks of PC/104 modules cre- programs nowadays looking for commercial with today’s emphasis on SWaP(-C) in embed- ates opportunities for developing a diversity of off -the-shelf (COTS) options — especially ded system design, it’s critical for embedded complex, oft en mobile, applications that range those that value SWaP(-C). In addition to designers to follow industry standards, and across industrial, transportation, and defense ruggedness, users of PC/104 have come to equally critical for industry standards to con- environments where robust and reliable capa- expect long lifecycle support. When consid- tinue evolving to maintain relevance. bilities of PC/104 are required. In addition, ering shrinking DoD budgets, the robustness, PC/104 transition into vision and visual secu- longevity and compatibility of the PC/104 Embedded board eXpandable (EBX) and rity monitoring systems is benefi tted by PCI ecosystem ensure strong system support and PC/104 are good format options for designs Express, as it has the capacity to directly meet minimized costs. that can handle slightly larger single board the bandwidth needed to support multiple computer (SBC) form factors. With just 46 data streams. While PC/104 allows fl exibility by combining square inches of surface area (8“ x 5.75“), EBX cards to meet application requirements, the balances size and functionality with a bolt- Th ough the number of stacks included in PC/104 format becomes less attractive when down SBC format supporting rugged embed- PC/104 systems has been decreasing, the very high computing speed and network ded designs with higher-performance central form factor continues its warm relationship throughput is required — situations where processing units (CPUs), such as those using with industries requiring rugged applications VPX or CompactPCI (cPCI) formats are bet- multi-core technology for networking, digital with high resistance to shock and vibration. ter suited. In cases where an application design signal processing (DSP), and graphics-heavy In defense and transportation, legacy devices requires very specifi c I/O or physical size/ applications, and generous on-board input/ and ISA-BUS interface requirements are still shape restrictions, then a computer-on-mod- output (I/O) functions to support every- plentiful. With high-speed serial I/O inter- ule (COM) approach would provide better thing from large data exchange to video. Th e faces, such as PCI Express, supported in cur- results. COMs are complete embedded com- PC/104 embedded computing format has no rent PC/104-based standards, PC/104 boards puters built on a single circuit board for use backplane, instead allowing modules to stack are keeping pace with the movement toward in small or specialized applications requiring together like building blocks more rugged consolidating workload on expansion mod- low power consumption or small physical

October 2014 22 BOARDS & MODULES

By using the modular processing block, the designer creates a price and value advantage; he or she isn’t locked into a single vendor for board creation and can customize based on pricing and performance requirements. Because it is easily swapped from a carrier board and comes in one of the smallest form factors, COM Express is ideal for long-life embedded applications with a critical development cycle, as well as more progressive applications that require frequent processor upgrades without aff ecting other application design elements.

Rugged solutions are most oft en housed out- Figure 1. Th e PC/104 embedded computing format has no backplane, instead allowing modules doors or in moving vehicles, where exposure to stack together like building blocks. Many applications in defense and transportation still to a variety of climates dictates the need to incorporate legacy devices that require an ISA-BUS interface. operate in extended temperatures and to power up in any extreme. Th e easiest initial size. Th ough they are compact (ETX/XTX at is required for specifi c applications. Th e car- step is to select a rugged board or system that 114x95mm and COM Express at 125x95mm rier board provides all the interface connec- is designed for harsh environments from the to 84x55mm) and highly integrated, COMs tors for peripherals, such as storage, Ethernet, ground up. To support the extremes of shock, can accommodate complex CPUs. keyboard/mouse and display. Th is modularity vibration, humidity, and temperature, care is allows the designer to upgrade the COM on given to component selection, circuit design, With the COM approach, all generic PC func- the carrier board without changing any other printed circuit board (PCB) layout and mate- tions are readily available in an off -the-shelf board design features, and also allows more rials, thermal solutions, enclosure design, and foundation module, allowing system devel- customization of peripherals as dictated by a manufacturing process. Robust test meth- opers to focus on their core competencies specifi c application. Th e COM Express form ods, including highly accelerated life test- and the unique functions of their systems. A factor off ers fl exibility in the development ing (HALT), ensure optimal product design custom-designed carrier board complements and advancement of ultra-rugged embedded phases in order to meet the stringent require- the COM with additional functionality that applications for a wide range of industries. ments of a product, such as -40 °C to +85 °C

23 October 2014 BOARDS & MODULES

computing designs based on open standards. For instance, VITA75 — which defi nes specifi c box sizes, connector content and place- ment and multiple types of cooling — is one example of a standard that will enable this type of high-value, no lock-in solution. By electing to build solutions based on industry standards, this provides choice to the defense market customer. Now selection and evolu- Figure 2. A design using the COM Express form factor provides off -the-shelf functionality and tion of a solution can be based on a value/cost an easy upgrade path by putting the customization on the baseboard, thereby creating more return analysis rather than being hardwired fl exibility with the module without sacrifi cing performance. into a proprietary solution. operating temperature range, MIL-STD, processing power. In addition to cooling fans Th ere is innovation required to provide more shock and vibration, and long-term reliabil- and large heat sinks, which may not always be processing in smaller, lighter and more pow- ity. Conformal coating can also reduce degra- possible for compact, mobile transportation er-effi cient form factors while also adhering dation from exposure to outside elements. A designs, PCBs with adequate amounts of inte- to industry-accepted standards. Th e indus- variety of conformal coating materials (such as grated copper facilitate heat conduction away try focus should be on leveraging COTS acrylic, polyurethane, epoxy, and silicone) and from temperature-sensitive electronic compo- technology to bring that innovation to mar- application methods (such as brushing, spray- nents to prevent performance degradation. kets that need rugged solutions. Nowadays ing, and dipping) are currently used to protect defense market reality is sequestration and against moisture, dust, chemicals, and tem- Nowhere is the concept of SWaP(-C) more budget constraints, which for the foreseeable perature extremes that can potentially damage emphasized than in the defense market. And future will not go away. It will not be business electronics. Th e correct coating or application yet the demand for high performance embed- as usual in the defense market; there will be method varies depending on established stan- ded computers has never been greater. Th e more emphasis on standards, openness and dard operating conditions for an application. changing face of military engagements, fewer eff ective cost management. With transportation applications, diff erent troops on the ground, more use of reconnais- coatings may be selected based on a primary sance gathered via UAVs, real-time feeds to Adlink has a long history of delivering stan- need for moisture resistance versus abrasion ground mobile operations and the emergence dards-based, rugged defense products for resistance versus temperature stability. of network-centric warfare are driving what over half a decade, starting from the intro- needs to be created to support the warfi ghter duction of conduction-cooled CompactPCI With rugged, in-vehicle applications, vibra- today. and Extreme Rugged board-level products tion control is critical for performing func- in COM-Express, PC/104 and EBX for- tions like capturing video or securing targets. At their core, battlefi eld engagements depend mats, and expanding to higher performance Some rugged SBCs off er a thicker PCB fabri- nowadays on access to and ability to share conduction-cooled 3U VPX products. It is cation to add rigidity so the board can with- complex, real-time data with the battlefi eld clear that the market needs innovation at stand higher levels of vibration strain. Th e commanders and to enable the ability to push the system level, as current solutions are thicker PCB off ers stability to the overall sur- select information all the way down to the more proprietary and closed rather than face area, protecting electronic components front-line warfi ghter. As the defense market open and standard. High value solutions from damage due to vibration. Th e thicker demand increases for better SWaP with every are required, yet they must be delivered in PCB also off ers the ability to use more cop- increasing level of performance, solution pro- standards-based form factors that allow per between layers for thermal considerations. viders must respond with small form factor, implementation choices to be made without Heat is a common unwanted by-product of high performance, and rugged, embedded proprietary lock-ins. Product News

Mouser expands distribution level of system integration and fl exibility for Kazakhstan and other C.I.S. countries will be accord with ADLINK into Europe I/O, routing, and processing that enables Bit- able to order and test the entire range of con- Mouser Electronics has greatly expanded tWare‘s A5PL to be a solid platform for net- gatec’s industrial computer modules in the its agreement with ADLINK Technology to work processing, security, broadcast, and standard form factors Qseven, COM Express, distribute ADLINK products across Europe. signals intelligence applications. XTX and ETX. Mouser’s international distribution agreement News ID 1990 News ID 1917 with ADLINK now includes EMEA, China and the Americas. congatec signs contract with emtrion: QNX 6.6 board support News ID 1972 Russian distributor Eltech package for MX6 processor module congatec has entered into partnership with emtrion announces the immediate avail- Bayer DSP: PCIe board based Eltech, a key distributor of electronic compo- ability of the QNX 6.6 board support pack- on Arria V FPGA with dual nents and modules in Russia and neighboring age for the DIMM-i.MX6 family. emtrion 40Gig or octal 10Gig ports C.I.S. countries. Th e new partnership will sig- offers different embedded modules on the BittWare has announced the release of its nifi cantly strengthen congatec’s position as a basis of the i.MX6 processors from Frees- newest board, the A5-PCIe-L (A5PL) low leading provider of Computer-on-Modules in cale, which differ mainly in the type of profi le PCIe board based on Altera‘s Arria the region. With the signing of the distribu- processor, the amount of memory and the V GZ FPGA. Th e high-performance, power tion agreement between Eltech and congatec, range of interfaces. and cost-effi cient Arria V GZ provides a high customers in the Russian Federation, Belarus, News ID 1856

October 2014 24 BOARDS & MODULES

MEN: safe BSPs for SIL 4 railway computer The new safe BSPs for QNX and PikeOS ensure that both the hardware and software components of its F75P 3U CompactPCI SBC meet safe railway computing requirements. MEN’s dual-redundant F75P serves as the core of a new line of SIL 4 certifiable computing systems currently in development used for safe train control. The SBC incorporates two independent Intel processors, and a third Intel processor implemented at the top most protocol layer that controls the I/O without interfacing with any safety protocols. News ID 1886

Syslogic: Embedded computers for railways on show Syslogic has a complete portfolio of certified railway computers that the company will be showcasing at InnoTrans. Syslogic‘s railway computers are used in innumerable railway applications. For instance, they can be used as board computer or video recorder. The Syslogic railway computers are available in a variety of housings and interface configurations. All railway computers have sturdy industrial construction and railway certification complying with EN50155 (TX class). News ID 1915

Axiomtek: 4th gen Core Mini ITX motherboard with rich I/O and HDMI Axiomtek announce the arrival of the MANO881, a new mini-ITX motherboard with Intel H81 Express chipset. The product offers socket H3 - LGA1150 that supports the 4th generation Intel Core and Celeron processors. This feature-rich board has two sockets for DDR3 system memory of up to 16 GB. The high-performance mini-ITX motherboard MANO881 supports one PCIe x16 slot and integrated with Intel HD 5000 graphics supports powerful graphic processing and dual-display capability through HDMI, VGA and LVDS interfaces. News ID 1878

VadaTech announces Express Development Platforms VadaTech now offers Express Development Platforms. The system platforms are standard, high versatile configurations designed to meet a wide range of development needs. The first two chassis in the series, the EXP100 and EXP200 feature 6 AMC slots and 2 AMC slots respectively in 1U enclosure height. Both versions have an integrated low-cost shelf manager and universal AC power. News ID 1826

N.A.T.: MCH for Physics or MTCA.4 applications with optical and copper PCIe uplinks The most recent member of the NAT-MCH family of products, the NAT-MCH-PHYS80, is addressing the requirements for higher bandwidth to both AMCs and the rear transition slot of the MCH as well as for optcial and copper uplinks in PCIe based MTCA.4 systems, targeting at large control and data acquisition applications. News ID 1896

Diamond: PCIe/104 OneBank serial I/O modules offer 4 or 8 serial ports Diamond Systems introduced Emerald-MM-8EL-XT, a family of high performance PCIe/104 OneBank serial I/O modules offering 4 or 8 serial ports with software-controlled configuration and optional opto-isolation. The serial ports are based on a high speed PCIe octal UART with 256-byte TX/RX FIFOs and auto RS-485 transmit control. Each serial port can be independently configured for RS-232, RS-422, or RS-485 protocols, along with programmable 120-ohm line termination. News ID 1948

25 October 2014

BOARDS & MODULES

SMARC: two processor worlds combined in a single standard By Martin Unverdorben, Kontron

This article explains, how SMARC, an exceptionally slim-line minicomputer form factor (82mmx50mm), can combine the two competing processor worlds of x86 and ARM under a single common SGET standard?

Figure 1. Th e new Kontron SMARC-sXBTI Computer- on-Module is fi tted with Intel Atom processors of the E3800 series.

Th e answer to that is actually comparatively ple, standardized camera and SPI interfaces. standard such as Camera Serial Interface simple: SMARC is in fact only following the Th is is much less the case when one looks at (CSI) for example, which enables video-based ongoing standardization of the x86 series and competitive solutions with Qseven, for exam- applications without the need for additional ARM processor technology. Th is is due to the ple, the minimum requirements for integration controller-modules. Th is allows even stereo- fact that both processor worlds have appli- have been reduced, which ultimately can be a scopic 3D recording. Innovative features such cations in the fi eld of energy-saving mobile disadvantage for those developers, who have as access authorization via face recognition handheld devices and accordingly off er an built onto the hitherto prevailing minimum or viewer-related content provision can also increasingly harmonized range of functions feature set. For simple generic expansions be produced through the video functionality and interfaces. In this respect, ARM processor SMARC supports the SPI Bus (Serial Periph- - for instance contact-free operation by means technology is moving towards more generic eral Interface), which is already considered as of gesture control systems. In hazardous areas, expansion options, and x86 series technol- being the successor to LPC. SPI is a full duplex for example, security applications using the ogy in the direction of dedicated features for data bus. Several slaves can be simultaneously 3D function can also be installed using move- mobile handheld devices. Whereas, for exam- connected to one master. It off ers faster trans- ment and distance measurement. Further ple, the processor in the Raspberry Pi only had fer rates compared to other similar serial data application fi elds are to be found in the fi eld USB as a classic PC interface, now Freescale or buses such as LPC, I²C or SM Bus. Th e max- of tele-health or in video telephony and with TI also off er ARM processors in the ultra-low imum clock speed is not limited, so that suf- video assisted support and documentation in power class with USB and PCI Express. And fi cient potential should be available for future service and maintenance operations. the Intel Atom processors of the E3800 series developments. Th e SPI Bus is also highly ener- are now for the fi rst time off ering attractive gy-effi cient thanks to its simple interface logic. SMARC has been harmoniously designed right camera interfaces or the generic Serial Periph- In addition, there are numerous peripheral from the start, without any bad compromises eral Interface (SPI). Th e processor designs components already available: fl ash memories having to be made in its features. However, the around the mobile handheld devices are thus as well as various kinds of GPS, gyroscopic or essential prerequisite for this is having suffi - increasingly being harmonized and this once temperature functions can easily be connected. cient scope for diversity. In terms of its con- again legitimizes a new Computer-on-Module In addition there are additional microcontrol- nector, SMARC therefore uses the MXM 3.0 form factor specifi cally for this performance lers with SPI Bus support available, like signal connector with 314 signal pins. Compared to class. And these are precisely the interfaces mixer, touchscreen, CAN bus, Bluetooth and/ the Qseven standard, for example, which off ers that SMARC is integrating. or WLAN as well as amplifi er circuits. 230 pins, this is nearly one third more. Th erefore, SMARC can handle a clearly greater num- SMARC is the only Computer-on-Module form SMARC is also the fi rst Computer-on-Mod- ber of interfaces in its standard confi guration. factor that integrates and off ers the two proces- ule standard to off er a standardized camera Th is is a signifi cant plus point, if one takes a sor worlds and in so doing covers all solutions interface. In this respect, the modules off er close look at the competitive modules that are in one harmonized feature set with, for exam- two camera interfaces compliant to the MIPI available on the market. It should be noted here

October 2014 32 BOARDS & MODULES

that more often additional on-board connec- The new Kontron SMARC-sXBTi Comput- ECC as an option. They support the extended tors are being added to the modules. Module er-on Module offers an excellent graphics temperature range of -40°C up to +85°C, are producers are thus trying to execute additional performance, high processor performance about 82mmx50mm in size and have a an functions in order to differentiate themselves and x86-series compatibility on the small- extra slim design with edge-card connector. from the competition. But such interfaces are est SMARC footprint, and does so with very Nevertheless, there is still sufficient space for not standardized. Disadvantage: the standard low power consumption (5W to 10W). Both an up to 64GB size onboard SSD for storing will be weakened and the modules will have the flat design and the mobile feature set are OS and applications data. In terms of the pin- increasing less interchangeability. adapted for the smallest portable handheld out amongst other things the mobile feature devices. But the modules can also still be set as 3x UART with a full range of functions This is, above all, also a reason why COM used even when the consumption is only a also for GPS must be highlighted, as well as for Express Modules should not be subjected to few watts, but high computing and graphics example the support of the MIPI-conform- deviation: they have a fixed feature set and performance is still essential. The new Kon- ing serial camera interfaces (MIPI CSI = ). redesigns are only legitimate in this respect if tron SMARC-sXBTi Computer-on-Modules High-performance Intel Gen 7 graphics are an overall processor world of this kind should are fitted with Intel Atom processors of the produced via HDMI 1.4 and LVDS (optional change so that previous solutions become E3800 series and up to 8 GB RAM and with eDP) with up to 2560x1600. obsolete. But first and foremost, existing standards have to perform the task of supporting one-time defined feature sets and with that furthermore their matching applications in the event of changes. Because this is really the only way that they can actually keep promises in relation to long-time availability. Incidentally, ETX has already done this before; this standard is even today still available unchanged with PCI and ISA. And this will also be the case with COM Express modules. Furthermore, these are serving what is the largest existing market for the „classic“ x86 designs and are doing this with an enormous range of modules from COM Express Basic through COM Express Compact up to the COM Express mini. It comes as no sur- prise that the new Intel Atom processors of the E3800 series are already available on three form factors at Kontron: COM Express mini and COM Express compact and now SMARC as well. Thus, the right design is there for any application, with no compromises.

The net result of this increasingly strengthened standard has incidentally also had effects in the responsible standards committees and has resulted in the establishment of SGET as the new Standards Committee, which is now administering and further developing the SMARC form factor independently from the manufacturer. Those who want to maintain the status quo must therefore also be pre- pared to blaze new trails. SMARC is thereby also precisely following the strategy of COM Express as the successor to ETX. Nor have any compromises been permitted and alternative designs such as XTX, which have been posi- tioned precisely in the middle between COM Express and ETX, have failed to achieve a market significance that is comparable to that of COM Express even just in terms of basic approaches. And SMARC is also today posi- tioning itself uncompromisingly as the form factor standard for credit- card-sized modules, which are coming into use as highly energy-efficient solutions with free programma- bility and powerful graphics and in so doing are following the new feature set of the mobile handheld devices.

33 October 2014 BOARDS & MODULES

Ultra-rugged Embedded Computer: the one for the rough stuff By Raphael Binder, Syslogic

This article introduces the rugged computer RPC Compact 71 which is protected to category IP67 and has a fully enclosed housing, as well as the matching M12 plug connectors.

Salt-laden air, oil or dust, extreme tempera- bottom line and a great deal of frustration. In comfort and an uncomplicated commis- ture fl uctuations, vibrations and/or shocks – worst case scenarios these failures can even sioning. Th e M12 plugs have a practical Bay- these kinds of environmental factors usually become a danger to people, especially in cases onet closure for quick and simple peripheral mean devastation for electronics and espe- where these computers have been integrated connections. In addition, the company fur- cially for a computer system. Even rugged into vehicles. Th ere are a number of applica- nishes the M12 cables with conventional industrial computers usually have to surren- tions that demand using an industrial com- counterplugs with its test equipment. Th e der in their fi ght against such environmental puter, which is able to run reliably even under M12 plugs come equipped with standard conditions. the most extreme of conditions. Th is includes USB, Ethernet, RS232, RS422/485, CAN their incorporation into construction equip- and VGA. Th e electronics layout is arranged Early system failures can mean all kinds of ment, special-purpose vehicles, mining and so that modifi cations to the interface con- hassles .Th e possible causes can be manifold. railway applications, as well as their use in the fi guration can be done quickly and cost Air containing salt for instance can mean cor- maritime environment. eff ectively. Th ere is also an integrated wire- rosion inside the device, which may then very less model available, which features GSM/ well lead to later malfunctions. Should dust Th e market off ering of suitable equipment GPRS/UMTS, as well as W-LAN and GPS. ingress into the industrial unit because of a is rather limited. Th e embedding specialist leak in the housing, it could cause sudden fail- Syslogic has recognized this need and devel- But not only are the M12 plugs extremely ure. Another reason for failure in industrial oped a brand new device, which is setting new robust, even the Computer-on-Module systems which are exposed to constant envi- standards in stability. Th e main features of (COM), the real heart piece of the com- ronmental vibrations can be improper con- the RPC Compact 71 are its enclosed alumi- puter, has been developed by Syslogic. This nectors or storage media. In addition, extreme num housing with IP67-protection rating and shows how dedicated the engineers were temperatures create diffi cult operating condi- the M12 interfaces. Th is makes it resistant to to this ultra-rugged approach. The robust tions for the average device - like diffi culties moisture and dust-laden environments. In CoreExpress pluggable cord connectors, as starting when it is cold, or even permanent order to achieve a uniform pressure load in well as its protective paint, are important electronics damage under sustained high heat spite of the completely enclosed housing, the features of the COM boards. The CoreEx- conditions. In short, the traditional industrial Rugged Box Computer features a Goretex press connector technology is qualified for computer is only suitable to a limited extent valve mounted to its sidewall. harsh industrial environments, in contrast under extreme conditions. to some other COM standards, and has Th e new Ultra Lock series M12 connectors already been proven in various automotive Th e consequences of an early failure can be by Molex withstand the constant vibrations applications. The company now manufac- devastating. Depending on the application, and are also certifi ed to common industry tures the COM board in their own state- such production downtimes or unscheduled standards. Syslogic does not only value a of-the-art production, along with the rest maintenance events will cause losses to the robust design, but also the best possible user of the device.

October 2014 34 BOARDS & MODULES

(Solid State Drive) memory, which has been incorporated into the Rugged Computer’s design as well. In contrast to conventional hard disks, the SSD operates in a static state. Th is design is substantially longer lived than conventional hard disks that fail under vibration and shock conditions at a much earlier stage, because of their mechanical recording heads. In the selection of this memory Sys- logic is able to benefi t from the know-how of its sister company Systronics, which special- izes in the distribution of industrial fl ash play- ers. Th e Embedded Computer uses the SSD memory designed by Cactus Technologies, a specialist in the industry. Th anks to their SLC (single level cell) fl ash components and intelligent controllers, this memory is able to guarantee a 24/7 lifetime operation for up to 25 years.

RPC Compact 71 has proven its virtual Th e kind of protection off ered by the Embedded Computer is usually only available in military indestructibility not just on paper, but with equipment. numerous continuous real-life operations for railway, automotive, construction and wind Th is same uncompromising attitude was pur- +185 Fahrenheit). Syslogic does not depend energy applications. Some of the endurance sued for the line of industrial processors. Th e on just the screening method for determin- tests passed include vibration testing for fre- COM boards are equipped with the Atom-E ing the temperature range, as is the industry quency ranges of 5 to 2000 Hz (EN 60068- processor by Intel. Th ey are designed exclu- standard, but defi nes which loads the com- 2-64) or shock testing (EN 60068-2-27). Th e sively for demanding industrial applications. ponents will have to withstand already in the Embedded Computer devices comply with Producing very little waste heat, because of development stages. EMC regulations. Additional testing has low power consumption, it will have a posi- shown that the devices even meet Russian tive eff ect on MTBF values and ultimately on Another characteristic of the robust electron- GOST standards. Th at means a cold start is the lifecycle of the entire Rugged Computer. ics is the galvanic isolation of their interfaces. expected to be possible at temperatures of –50 In addition, all the COM board components, Th is protects electronic components from °Celsius (-57° Fahrenheit). Th e rugged hous- as well as the rest of the Rugged Computer damage, even in case of massive potential ing with its clever Goretex module makes the components are designed for an extended diff erences, caused by long cables for exam- Embedded Computer also suitable for poten- temperature range of -40 to +85 °C (-40 to ple. Another must-mention feature is the SSD tially explosive environments.

35 October 2014 PRODUCT NEWS

Acromag: 6U VPX carrier cards 600 drive (or larger) is integrated in the hous- for PMC or XMC modules feature ing. A 5.25 inch DVD-RW drive, a 2.5 inch high-speed PCIe interface SSD drive or an mSATA III SSD drive can be Acromag expands their OpenVPX carrier card installed as an option. selection with the addition of two new models News ID 1848 that provide a simple and cost-effective solution for interfacing a PMC or XMC module to DFI: 4th gen Intel Core COM Express a VPX computer system. The VPX4820 and product line and carrier boards VPX4821 features two PMC or XMC slots DFI rolled out its most advanced COM with support for front or real panel I/O and Express products adopting 4th Generation delivers 25W of power to each site. Intel Core processor and feature-rich car- News ID 1906 rier boards. Due to the increasing demands of COM Express in recent years, DFI is try- DATA MODUL: ARM-based 7“ Industrial ing to develop perfect solutions for intelligent Panel PC in various performance classes systems. At present, DFI has six Basic type 6 Based on a modular concept DATA MODUL and type 2 modules and one Compact type 6 develops system solutions for a multitude of module; as well as different form factor carrier demanding applications. Particularly, long-term boards that focus on specific features. availability of products plays an increasing role News ID 1888 in today’s industrial environment, therefore, DATA MODUL concentrates more and more Axiomtek: 31.5-inch OPS-com- on in-house development. The new 7” Indus- pliant digital signage display trial Panel PC in widescreen format is based on Axiomtek has introduced OFP321, its new DATA MODUL´s eDM-CB-Colibri ARM Car- 31.5-inch Full HD digital signage display rier Board. The flexible board design allows the suitable for various display applications in integration of scalable Toradex Colibri modules shopping mall, corporate, education, bank, with various performance classes from ARM transportation, retail store, restaurant, and Freescale Vybrid Cortex-A5 @ 400MHz to performing art center. The OFP321 is built ARM Cortex-A9 Quad Core 1.4GHz. according to the standard Open Pluggable News ID 1970 Specification and features a 1920x1080p panel with 3000:1 contrast for users looking for a Conrad to distribute SECO‘s UDOO simple-to-implement digital signage solution. prototyping development platform News ID 1839 Conrad Business Supplies has been selected as an authorised distributor for the UDOO pro- IBASE: PICMG 1.3 full-size CPU totyping board that provides a powerful, flex- card with Intel Q87 chipset ible environment in which users can explore IBASE has launched the IB980 PICMG 1.3 Android, Linux, Arduino and Google ADK full-size CPU card that utilizes the Intel Q87 applications and embark on projects with chipset to support the 4th Generation Intel ‘Internet of Things’ functionality. A joint effort Core processors. The IB980 platform is aimed between SECO and AIDILAB, UDOO is a to meet the high-performance requirements powerful board based on a dual or quad core of demanding applications such as medi- ARM cortex-A9 CPU with a dedicated ARM cal imaging, industrial automation, network processor for GPIO helping it deliver high security, gaming and digital signage. performance both on Android and Linux News ID 1966 operating systems. News ID 1829 Kithara: PC as EtherCAT slave Kithara Software has completed the support of MSC introduces ﬂexible, expandable PCIe EtherCAT slave cards as a complement 4U 19-inch industrial system to the Kithara EtherCAT Master functional- MSC Technologies has introduced its ity. This added feature allows for regular PCs high-performance 4 U 19-inch Infinity to be applied as EtherCAT slaves. A module 96I4508-MBQ87 system based on the Intel of the real-time extension »RealTime Suite«, Q87 desktop chipset and desktop versions (S the EtherCAT Master by Kithara has been an series) of the 4th generation Intel Core pro- established control solution for many years in cessors under the label DSM Computer. With the fields of measurement and control appli- an installation depth of 508 mm, the indus- cations, automation, robotics as well as image trial computer provides adequate space, such capture and image processing. as for four 5.25 inch plug-in modules and one News ID 1834 3.5 inch plug-in module that permits a flexible system expansion. Furthermore, seven Kontron launches SMARC certiﬁed free slots are available for accepting additional design partner program plug-in cards: one PCI Express 3.0 x16, one Kontron has launched the SMARC Cer- PCI Express 2.0 x16, one PCI Express 2.0 x8 tified Design Partner Program which has and four PCI. A 1000 GB 3.5 inch SATA III been set up to support customers in appli-

October 2014 36 PRODUCT NEWS

cation-specifi c integration of SMARC Com- interfaces. Meanwhile, its excellent onboard puter-on-Modules. Within this program, graphics feature 4 display ports: including 1 customers can make use of the entire scope HDMI, 1 DVI-I, 1 LVDS, and 1 DP, allowing of hardware integration services ranging from you to choose the best combination to suit evaluation and development to complete sys- multi-display needs nowadays. tem and soft ware integration. News ID 1907 News ID 1946 Rutronik: 7-inch fanless touch IEI: IoT gateway powered by panel PC from DFI Intel Quark SoC X1000 With the KS230-CD, DFI extends its product IEI has launched the IQGATE-100 at COM- line of light industrial touch panel PCs. Th e PUTEX Taipei 2014. Th e IQGATE-100 is IP65 rated Panel PC adopts the Intel Atom powered by Intel Quark SoC X1000. Its soft - N2800/N2600 processor with speed up to ware is completely integrated with Wind River 1.86GHz. Based on the low-power x86 archi- Intelligent Device Platform that is a scalable, tecture, it can be used in a variety of indus- sustainable, and secure development environ- tries. Th e Panel PC is available at distributor ment that simplifi es the development, inte- Rutronik as of now. gration, and deployment of gateways for the News ID 1941 Internet of Th ings. News ID 1923 WynMax: networking series product features “0” down-time Aewin: desktop Intel Bay Trail WynMax announces Networking series product E3815 network system for the best choice in network security manage- Th e SCB-6902 is an desktop platform designed ment application. WNCR-5H81 supports Intel for network service applications. Built with Core i7/i5 processors and features “0” down- Intel Embedded IA components with war- time with full By-Pass functions (6 GbE LAN ranty of longevity, the SCB-6902 supports with 2 pair By-Pass). To meet a diverse range of Intel Celeron Bay Trail-D, Bay Trail-I and Bay customer needs, Graphic LCM is available for Trail-M low-voltage processors. Th e platform displaying logo and easy I/O setting; also, fl ex- supports onboard DDR3L memory chips with ible module design is supplied for extendable a maximum capacity of 2GB. product performance or basic models. News ID 1869 News ID 1945

Bicker is new distributor of Artesyn Hectronic: COM Express module Embedded T echnologies with AMD Embedded G SoC Th e Bicker Elektronik has become an offi cial Hectronic has announced H6066, a COM distributor of Artesyn Embedded Technolo- Express module based on the second gener- gies in the division Embedded Power. Artesyn, ation AMD Embedded G-Series SOC with formerly the Embedded Computing & Power quad-core processors. Th e board targets appli- business of Emerson Network Power, is a cations in harsh environments and is specifi ed world leader in the design and manufacture for an industrial operating temperature range. of highly reliable power solutions for a wide Th e form factor is COM Express pinout type 6 range of industries and applications, among and the board size is 95 x 95mm. them industrial automation, communication, News ID 1982 high-performance computer systems and medical devices. VadaTech: 1U MicroTCA chassis News ID 1877 platform with unique design features VadaTech now off ers a 1U MicroTCA chassis DFI: Mini-ITX industrial moth- platform with several unique design features erboard supports four display that allow more slots in a front-to-rear cooled ports and wide voltage solution while maintaining full redundancy. DFI introduces 3 Mini-ITX embedded moth- Th e VT840 employs several design concepts erboards powered by the 4th generation to maximize computing density. Off ering Intel Core processor family - HM100-HM86, front-to-rear cooling and full redundancy HM101-HM86, and HM103-HM86. Built takes up slot space. Th e VadaTech chassis on 22-nanometer process technology, the combines the fan trays and power supplies on three models not only off er higher process- the rear of the chassis, allowing 6 AMC slots ing performance but also bring evolutionary in the single module size. improvements in system memory and I/O News ID 1854

ore information about each news is available on Mwww.Embedded-Control-Europe.com/magazine You just have to type in the “News ID“. —

37 October 2014 AUTOMOTIVE

Conﬁ gurable hardware for automotive alternator regulator designs By Dr. Eckart Voskamp, EBVchips

The Epona alternator regulator can increase the efﬁ ciency of generators in 24V and 12V on-board electrical systems in commercial vehicles and passenger cars. A basic hardware system that can be used in all designs is ideal here because it can be adjusted in line with the speciﬁ c customer system by means of software.

Up until now, no suitably sophisticated control loop must be user-programmable to requirements of an application with diff erent hardware has been available that enables gen- avoid the need to develop an individual ASSP equipment variants. In addition to the degree erators in commercial vehicles, agricultural for each solution. of freedom off ered by the hardware, it also and construction machinery as well as other off ers a degree of freedom with regard to the vehicles with internal 24V on-board electrical Th is is exactly where the EBVchip comes soft ware, whereby the threshold values can be systems to be operated at maximum effi ciency. in, because the heart of Epona is a user-pro- set during analysis of the measured values. To address this, EBV Elektronik collabo- grammable microcontroller in which a state rated with STMicroelectronics to develop machine can, in principle, be mapped. To help When EBV Elektronik presented the Epona the Epona generator regulator as part of the program the microcontroller, EBV Elektronik concept two years ago, various customers – EBVchips line. Designed for vehicles with 24V supplies a tool that allows simulation of the including some with whom the company had on-board electrical systems, the component is control loop and the setting of all the other not even discussed the chip – provided valu- also suitable for use in 12V on-board electri- parameters quickly and easily. Th anks to their able input. Th e design team successfully real- cal systems in passenger cars. system expertise, the developers no longer ised most of their requests to create a highly have to worry about creating, for example, a universal component. Th e original plan was Although a number of application-specifi c standard P-controller. Now all they have to do to develop a single component, but thanks standard products (ASSPs) are already avail- is set the relevant control parameters in their to the fl exible state-machine-based concept, able for regulating generators, each individ- soft ware. A generator regulator ensures – usu- EBV Elektronik is in a position to create an ual ASSP is specifi cally adapted in line with ally by means of normal proportional control – entire product range at reasonable cost. In the individual requirements of a single OEM. that the generator is operating at the optimum partnership with STMicroelectronics, EBV With Epona, however, suppliers now have a control point. In conventional solutions, these is currently developing a 12 and 24V range basic design for regulating generators and regulators are implemented in standard, ana- with diff erent bus interfaces, which will soon so are able to cover the requirements of all log hardware. Standard silicon off ering only result in four diff erent components: one 12V vehicle manufacturers – a fi rst in the industry. standard levels of effi ciency is normally used and one 24V version of Epona, each with and Th e basic idea behind Epona was to off er as here. Th anks to more complex algorithms, without a LIN interface. many degrees of freedom as possible in order however, the generator regulator ensures that to enable a highly effi cient system design on the generator is always operating as close Th ere is currently no uniform design direc- the one hand and to implement the necessary as possible to the optimum control point, tion in the development of the generator control algorithms on the other. Although thereby achieving the best-possible effi ciency. systems and LIN is still far from being avail- it would theoretically have been possible to With Epona, all that is needed is a single sys- able in all new designs, which means that the create a system like this as a highly effi cient tem board, which can then be easily adapted concepts of tomorrow will still use diff erent controller, the numerous diff erent vehicle in line with the requirements of the generator interface solutions and protocols; this is par- manufacturer specifi cations mean that the or end-customer and so cover the individual ticularly the case for 24V applications. Since

October 2014 38 AUTOMOTIVE

parators required for this are already con- tained; the relevant threshold values are set by programming the parameters. Even if other battery technologies replace lead batteries in the future, Epona allows the parameters to be adjusted more easily.

Th e generator regulator can respond to diff erent events in the on-board electrical system and in the controller itself. Th e component is equipped with protected output drivers, which allow for a simplifi ed design. Diff erent trigger levels can also be introduced by means of soft ware to allow a more fl exible response to the current situation in the vehicle. Th ese include the ability to connect and shut-down loads as well as to compensate for and respond to large loads. When powerful consumers are switched on and off in a 24V on-board electrical system, for example, this can lead to major disturbances in the electrical system. With the right soft ware, however, these peaks can be stabilized relatively quickly.

Th e solution also features Control Fault Diag- nosis as well as systems for increasing operational safety and reliability, with a watchdog being just one of a multitude of such systems. Epona is a system in a package containing two semiconductor chips – one high voltage component and one CMOS component. Th is separation means that the state machine can be woken by the hardware or a reset can be carried out, which off ers improved safety over a monolithically integrated solution.

Th e generator regulator was originally designed exclusively for the European market. But since the excitation coil is available on the global market in both a high-side and low-side confi guration, EBV designed the control output in such a way that it can actu- ate the MOSFET switch for the excitation coil winding both directly to earth and directly to the positive supply voltage. Epona therefore Figure 1. Block diagram of Epona, a system in a package containing two semiconductor chips – features a suitable gate driver that can drive one high voltage component and one CMOS component the MOSFET in both the high-side and low- side confi guration. A sensor input can then interfaces such as LIN 2.1, RVC (Regulated takes place as part of a strictly defi ned LRC be used to clearly establish whether or not Voltage Control), PWM, C-Term and a bit-se- scheme during a cold start. Epona allows the MOSFET has switched through. Th e com- rial interface are integrated in the generator you to completely redefi ne the LRC proper- ponent can also measure the current fl owing regulator, the component is highly universal. ties, which means that for example other load through the excitation coil as well as the volt- torques can be set. age currently applied. For this measurement, In most cases, the generator is mechanically variable gain amplifi ers that are suitably buff - attached directly to the motor shaft . Th rough Th e generator regulator performs normal bat- ered depending on the input or output are fi t- appropriate excitation of the rotor windings, tery recharging in P-controller mode, whereby ted on the chip. output variables such as speed can be deter- quasi-recuperation mode is also possible mined automatically. During a cold start, the here. Th ese functions can be programmed Th e generator regulator also off ers functions electronic system has to decide whether the directly or controlled via the relevant inter- to prevent individual batteries from becom- battery still has suffi cient capacity or whether faces. When a suitable target regulated voltage ing overloaded in systems containing multiple electricity needs to be immediately generated, is specifi ed via LIN, the bit-serial interface or generators. For this purpose, the component which would increase the speed of the motor. the analog protocols, as is currently the case, features universal inputs that can be con- Th is is the task of the load response control the controller ensures that recharging stops nected diff erently depending on the applica- (LRC), which controls the load when starting once this voltage has been reached by setting tion. To ensure that raised current levels in torque occurs. In conventional solutions, this the excitation coil current to zero. Th e com- this circuit can also be utilized, load-depen-

39 October 2014 AUTOMOTIVE

be replaced. Many companies specialize in modern cars, an external controller is usu- reconditioning old generators, for example ally responsible for load-dependent gener- replacing the bearings or the electrical and ator control as part of battery management. electronic systems in the generator. Th anks to EBV Elektronik assumes that around 20% of Epona, these companies can now even boost the Epona supply volume will enter the aft er- the effi ciency of generators. But in order for market segment. Th e structure of the “alpha” effi ciency-increasing measures to be imple- customers also refl ects this: of the fi ve “alpha” mented sensibly and rationally, a universal customers, one is in the aft ermarket business concept is needed. And this is exactly what while the others supply new vehicles. the generator regulator off ers.

Figure 2. Example for positive and negative Even older cars can be made to run more Product News control options effi ciently if a reconditioned generator with Epona is installed – and that even applies to dent relays that only function when the gen- vehicles without a battery or engine manage- Maxim integrates beneﬁ ts of erator is running can be controlled. Th anks ment system. Th e acceleration vector, even IO-Link into proximity sensor and to a soft ware tool featuring a GUI, the devel- for older vehicles, can be determined using 16-channel digital-input hub opers can run initial experimentation modes soft ware by measuring the change in speed Two new subsystem reference designs from and familiarize themselves with Epona-based of the generator. Since the engine is to deliver Maxim Integrated Products provide very systems to provide a good starting point for power to the driven wheels with minimum accurate, low-power optical proximity sens- developing the customized overall system. deterioration as the speed increases, it is not ing and enhance distributed control with a Th e tool GUI generates parameter records a good idea to charge the battery while the compact digital-input hub. Both of these and sections of the C-Code, which can then vehicle is accelerating because this would new space-saving subsystems integrate the be loaded directly with the offl ine tool chain represent an additional load. If the acceler- IO-Link standard for industrial applica- of the microcontroller. ation vector is zero or even negative (decel- tions. Th e MAXREFDES27# proximity sen- erating, braking), however, it makes sense to sor employs the IO-Link protocol to provide Th e generator regulator is not only of inter- charge the battery during this phase. With effi cient two-way communication between a est for new vehicle designs, but also for the some clever programming, this results in a controller and a remote optical sensor. spare parts market when generators need to type of small-scale recuperation eff ect. In News ID 1925

MICROCONTROLLERS

Optimizing system efﬁ ciency using MCU power management options By Rich Miron, Digi-Key

Embedded systems today face demanding single-charge operating requirements. MCUs with a variety of built-in power management options, coupled with power debugging tools, can simplify optimization and free designers and OEMs to focus on their product core value proposition.

Th e length of operation on a single charge Whether a microcontroller is embedded Sleep and Idle modes allow designers to shut is very nearly as important as functionality in a smartphone or an automobile, clearly down peripherals and/or the core to reduce in portable electronics. It doesn’t matter how to meet customer requirements it needs to power consumption while maintaining the much performance a device off ers if the bat- deliver power-effi cient operation. To optimize ability for fast wake-up. In Retention Sleep tery is dead. Todays crop of highly functional power consumption, designers need to focus mode, key circuits receive power from a MCUs, with platforms specifi cally designed on two key objectives: minimize the amount separate low-voltage regulator. VBAT mode for low-power operation, off ers an excellent of time spent in active mode, and minimize switches the system to operate off a back-up solution. Additional power-saving modes like the amount of current required in non-active battery in the event that VDD is removed, sleep mode, idle mode, doze mode, etc, and mode. Not too long ago, controllers off ered a minimizing power consumption with RTCC. functionality such as dedicated pins that auto- single standby mode. Today, devices off er a Deep Sleep without RTCC provides almost matically transition the system to back-up bat- range of options to increase the opportunity complete power down while maintaining tery when voltage is removed are also available. for systems to avoid active mode except when soft ware control so the device can be brought Finally, throw the art of soft ware development absolutely necessary. back up via external triggers. According to into the mix using tools like the IAR Embed- the company, it can operate on just 40 nA ded Workbench that show power consump- Microchip PIC24FJ128GA310 family of (3.3V typical) compared to 400 nA at 32 kHz tion for the execution of each line of code. By microcontrollers provides a range of power for RTCC mode. Modifying clock speed can reviewing the operation of the system in real management options: VBAT allows the device deliver important power savings. Doze mode, time, developers can make informed trade- to transition to a back-up battery for the low- for example, allows the user to save power by off s, for example, modifying clock speed, put- est power consumption with RTCC. Deep manipulating clock speed, running the CPU ting the system into a lower power mode, etc, sleep allows near total power-down, with the at a lower clock speed than peripherals. Th e to maximize operational effi ciency. ability to wake-up on external triggers. Sleep MCU also off ers the option to switch on the and Idle modes selectively shut down periph- fl y to lower clock speeds to fi ne-tune power If there’s any lingering doubt about the impor- erals and/or core for substantial power reduc- reduction. tance of power effi ciency in embedded sys- tion and fast wake-up. Doze mode allows CPU tems today, look no further than the recent to run at a lower clock speed than peripher- Th e STM8L152C6T6 MCU from STMicro- DRAM standards released by JEDEC. Not als. Alternate clock modes allow on-the-fl y electronics provides fi ve low-power modes to only did the organization release a new ver- switching to a lower clock speed for selective allow users to balance among effi ciency, per- sion of its portable-electronics standard in power reduction. And last but not at least, formance, and start-up time. In Wait mode, LPDDR3, its latest general DRAM standard, the MCUs off er extreme low-power current the CPU clock stops running but peripherals designated DDR4, includes a variety of fea- consumption for Deep Sleep: WDT: 270nA continue. Th e chip can be removed from Wait tures such as a pseudo-open-train architec- at 3.3Vtyp; RTCC: 400nA at 32kHz, 3.3V typ, mode via an internal or external interrupt, a ture designed to reduce power consumption. and deep sleep current, 40nA, 3.3Vtyp. triggering event, or a reset. In Low Power Run

October 2014 42 MICROCONTROLLERS

Th e timeline window shows power consumption as sampled by the I-Jet correlated to function calls, etc. mode, the CPU performs certain functions master clock while retaining all data. Th e along with select peripherals. Flash and data peripheral clocks remain active and the user EEPROM are stopped, for example, while can choose the status of the submaster clock. the system executes code from RAM at low At the high end of power savings, low-power speed. Th e system can move in and out of Low mode 4.5 (LPM4.5) retains I/O pad state but Power Run mode via soft ware. It can also exit does not retain data and disables the internal via reset but not through interrupts. In many regulator. As part of its power-saving design, embedded systems, MCUs spend a great the MCU also integrates ferroelectric RAM amount of time waiting for an event to hap- for a lower-power non-volatile memory. pen, which can squander power. Th e STM- 8L152C6T6 off ers a Low Power Wait mode, in It doesn’t matter how many power-saving which the CPU clock is stopped. A reset or an modes an MCU has if they’re not properly internal or external event, for example, gener- used. Th at’s where power debugging tools like ated by timers or I/O boards, will put the sys- the I-Jet from IAR Soft ware Systems come into tem back into Low Power Run mode. play. Th e I-Jet samples the power consumption of the system as it runs and IAR Embedded Active Halt mode goes one step further, stop- Workbench soft ware package correlates that ping the clocks for the CPU and all periph- power data with the operation of the system. erals except for the RTC. External interrupts, RTC interrupts, or reset can be used to wake In a perfect world, a developer could correlate the system up from Active Halt mode. Finally, a power spike directly to a line of code. Th e Halt mode stops clocks for all peripherals reality is that system capacitances spread con- and the CPU. Th e device remains powered sumption temporally, making it impossible to up, maintaining data in RAM. An external operate so discretely. Th e best choice is to view interrupt or reset will wake the device. Select power usage correlated to function calls. Th e peripherals can also wake from Halt mode. user can then click on a power spike and trace Th e device can be confi gured to wait without it back to code. With this degree of visibility, the internal reference, allowing additional the developer can identify peripherals that are power savings by cutting off the internal ref- consuming power unnecessarily and perhaps erence voltage. Th e Texas Instruments 16-bit adjust clock rate or put the system into a pow- MSP430FR5739 MCU off ers seven low-power er-saving mode while it sits idle, and wake it modes aimed at embedded systems in porta- up when it gets a response. Th is lets develop- ble applications. At the top level, low-power ers take advantage of their hardware’s power mode 0 (LPM0) disables the CPU and the management options for best performance.

Product News

e2v releases new CERQUAD Lapis: low power MCU with package for 68020 Class D speaker ampliﬁ er and e2v has announced the availability of a new audio playback function package option for its 68020 microproces- LAPIS Semiconductor has announced the sor. This new option will facilitate the tran- development of a low power microcontroller sition from the original Plastic Quad Flat that integrates an 8bit low power MCU core, Package, discontinued in 2010, and enable speech synthesis circuit, high effi ciency Class D manufacturers to secure long term pro- speaker amp, non-volatile memory, and oscilla- duction of electronic systems using 68020 tor circuit on a single chip, making audio play- microprocessors. back possible by simply connecting to a speaker. News ID 1932 News ID 1987

43 October 2014 TOOLS & SOFTWARE

Easy-to-use, accessible technology for the Internet of Things By Shawn Silberhorn, Conrad

An open source, easy-to-use tool such as the WunderBar IoT Starter-Kit helps to exploit the Internet of Things. By using the relayr platform, all users of the IoT – either with or without a commercial motivation – can quickly and easily evolve their ideas from concepts to working solutions at relatively low expense.

Th e Internet of Th ings (IoT) is set to play a it’s clear to see just how quickly the IoT could Cloud Platform (relayr Cloud), it is designed huge part in our daily lives. It is the focal point grow. Th e home, for example, is just one place to enable professional soft ware application for building a world that is connected in ways that could gain from the implementation of developers to quickly and easily begin work- previously unimagined. In a diverse range of the IoT, with many everyday domestic appli- ing on wireless applications and prototypes markets, from in-car systems to wearable med- ances having the potential to make themselves without prior experience of developing for ical devices, developers and users are already more effi cient or useful by becoming connect- hardware. It will also be of benefi t to hard- fully realizing the benefi ts of seamlessly con- able. Commercially, fi elds such as manufactur- ware and soft ware design engineers within necting previously standalone devices to make ing, energy infrastructure, healthcare facilities OEMs who are looking to use module-based them smart, intelligent and communicative. In and transportation could also stand to benefi t by hardware as drop-in design solutions which the next few years, the IoT has the potential to embracing interconnection through the Internet. shorten development times. advance almost every area of our lives by invis- ibly improving how we interact with technol- Open source hardware and cloud platforms Moreover using the WunderBar, soft ware ogy. Th e IoT is a network of physical objects – such as convenient, easy-to-use solutions developers can build apps that utilize data that contain embedded chips, allowing things like the WunderBar Open Source IoT Starter gathered from the physical world. Kits like this to sense their environments and communicate Kit – will help to support the development of may also appeal to student soft ware develop- data through the internet. In other words it will the IoT ecosystem. A huge array of products ers looking for easy-to-program sets as well as enable objects to talk with each other, digitaliz- can benefi t from implementing the IoT by makers - a rapidly expanding community who ing the physical world. using such tools. Also essential will be reliable, are looking to self-build connected home sys- cost-eff ective electronic and electromechani- tems that utilize the IoT. For all of these groups, Th e connected world as we know it today has cal components and devices, such as sensors having soft ware development kits (SDKs) for evolved from the convergence of wireless tech- for temperature, level, position and proximity, iOS, Android and Node.js is crucial. Providing nologies, micro-electromechanical systems and along with actuators, ultra-low power MCUs a wide selection of SDKs means that almost all the Internet. However, we are now at a point and DSPs and power management solutions. developers are catered to by the WunderBar. where it is conceivable that by 2020, 50 devices or more in a typical home could be connected. Th e WunderBar IoT Starter Kit for soft ware Th e relayr OpenSensor Cloud platform helps Th ere could be in the region of 50 billion IoT application developer and hardware engi- enable device makers and manufacturers, app nodes worldwide and this number will almost neers is a collaboration between the Berlin developers and soft ware companies working certainly expand, as the IoT can encompass a based start-up relayr and German-based with the WunderBar to leverage the power of huge range of home and industrial applications. multi-channel electronics distributor, Conrad. the Internet of Th ings. Developers are able to When you consider the extent of the industries Developed and manufactured in cooperation create new applications and services that let that are eager to make their products and sys- with the hardware experts at MikroElektron- end users enrich their lives with connected tems connected and intelligent through the IoT, ika, and coupled with relayr’s Open Sensor devices. Complex event processing and a rules

October 2014 44 TOOLS & SOFTWARE

designed to encompass many things and it is logical to expect that when the number of devices interconnected through the internet is extrapolated, the scale of the threat will increase. Th rough the IoT, devices will be able to exchange information and make deci- sions automatically based on what data they receive. Without proper security, they could potentially be susceptible to tampering from unwelcome sources. Th is threat could also be heightened for portable IoT-connected devices, as they are likely to be in less data-secure environments.

Th ere are some application areas where the consequences of this threat are more serious, such as in cars, in medical devices or in retail inventory monitoring and control. Compa- nies that are involved in the riskier areas of the IoT must ensure that their devices and technologies are fully secure. Despite these inev- Th e WunderBar detachable battery-powered BLE sensor modules can be protected with plastic itable issues, the potential benefi ts of the IoT casings which resemble chocolate-like ‘chunks’. greatly outweigh the possible pitfalls. Compa- nies are already developing ways and means system defi ne relationships between events module broadens the scope further, enabling to combat security threats as they evolve, and and actions that allow the interaction among a wide range of additional sensors and actua- becoming more sophisticated in how to pro- diff erent devices and applications to be easily tors that are Arduino compatible to be inter- tect users against future threats. programmed. Ease of use is a key focus of the faced with the platform. Th e 41mm x 28mm WunderBar design. Th e seven chocolate-like x 8.6mm thick master module uses a Frees- While starter kits may be used to create com- chunks can be separated into a WiFi enabled cale Kinetis Series MK24FN1M0VDC12 as plete solutions for students and makers, they master module and six detachable smart sen- its main MCU with an ARM Cortex-M4 core. can also be used to create concepts for com- sor mini-modules. Th e clock speed is 120 MHz and it is equipped mercial users who ultimately want to integrate with 1024KB of fl ash memory and 250KB of permanent IoT capability into their products. Each module has BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy), SRAM. Other main module features include Th e WunderBar provides a complete hardware a sensor or actuator and an on-board battery. a 3.3V regulator with Li-Ion/LiPo charger, full reference design to enable full connectivity to Th ese mini-modules provide light, colour, dis- speed USB with OTG controller and a 32 kHz many open source applications. Implemen- tance, temperature and humidity sensing, plus Xtal oscillator for real-time clocking. tation could mean locating the components an accelerometer, a gyroscope and infra-red they need to achieve IoT connectivity and (IR) remote control capability. Th is range of As well as providing a huge range of ben- making space for them on the existing PCBs sensors allows the modules to cover a diverse efi ts, connecting a network of everyday within current product application, whether range of applications. Th e inclusion of a Grove physical objects through the internet also they are wearable medical devices, cars or connector from Seeed Studio on the fi ft h presents a potential security risk. Th e IoT is domestic appliances. TOOLS & SOFTWARE

How to achieve fastest system startup sequences with your embedded system By Kei Thomsen, MicroSys

This article discusses how to achieve fast startup times, especially in view of different operating systems like a general purpose OS or RTOS. Additionally an overview is given on boot media and their effects on startup behavior, together with practical measurements.

To achieve quick boot timings with complex dow opened for the fi rst user interaction. Th e diff erent types of operating system. On one embedded systems, sound knowledge about timings to get a system up and running vary hand the standard OSs like Linux and Win- the internals, the architecture of the operating strongly by nature of the system, application dows and on other hand real-time operating system and their interaction with the hardware and target market. A Windows desktop user systems. Linux and Embedded Linux-Sys- are required. Smaller real-time operating sys- might be used to waiting a couple of minutes tems, representing standard OSs, are generally tems are a perfect means to meet such require- before he can use his system, whereas in many complex, have an extensive kernel, including ments. Th ey are specifi cally designed to control deeply embedded environments the device is many extensions, and the full functionality is precisely the timing behavior of an embedded required to boot up in fractions of a second. A merely seen by experts. Booting a Linux sys- system and they are clearly arranged and confi rst conclusion is that for some applications tem means fi rst loading and initializing the fi gurable. Additionally smaller engineering a minutes-long startup sequence can be toler- kernel and drivers, and then starting a large teams are not overwhelmed by complexity and ated, while in others it is a must to restart the number of system services and additional they can keep control of their development system in an instant. If time-critical functions programs. Here again it needs a lot of knowl- process more easily. need to be considered related to the startup edge to understand the function and usage of behavior, the complete system design from the services and programs. Optimizations to By the confi gurability of a RTOS, the func- component to system soft ware level (includ- achieve faster boot and startup times are not tionality of the boot sequence can be opti- ing operating system) has to be the right fi t as simple as they should to be. Another aspect mized according to the given hardware design. for that. Secondly the media the boot soft ware is optimizing a system aft er the functionality Time-consuming load processes of hundreds is loaded from has to be selected thoroughly. has been defi ned and implemented, but the of drivers, libraries or system code which Flash, SD & CF Cards, rotating media or a startup time still requires to be tuned. Th e might not even have been used are avoided. network connection off er by nature diff erent question here is how to assure the warranted On the other hand, compared to more com- timings and have a strong infl uence on the system characteristics and properties by opti- plex and feature-rich general purpose OSs for cost structure of a system as well. Especially mizing the system? embedded systems like Linux or Windows for deeply embedded systems, longevity of variants, a more limited feature set has to be parts supply and maintainability might have To face this problem right at the begin- taken into account. Other aspects infl uenc- an infl uence as well. As a short summary, fast ning, a very practical method is to plan and ing system startup timings are hardware ini- boot has many aspects and a precise defi ni- implement a test system based on minimal tializing functions and the boot media and tion of it is not that easy. To be able to have OS functionality. Avoid all the nice-to-have method the operating systems are loaded a more defi ned basis for comparisons we will features and develop the optimal functions from. Fast boot is another term to express a discuss the results of experiments we did on step-by-step. Th e required know-how and the quick start of a system from power-on or reset an i.MX 53 ARM based platform supporting additional development resources are to be to show at least a system prompt on a screen diff erent typical boot environments and oper- considered accordingly. If it becomes obvi- with loaded operating system, or have a win- ating systems. Generally we diff erentiate two ous under the project work that new kernel

October 2014 46 TOOLS & SOFTWARE

SD/μSD CF-Card NOR Flash NAND Flash

Table 1. Comparison of diff erent storage media infl uencing system startup times features or system services are required, then all inclusive system. Th us, real-time operating they can be added and activated later. Alterna- systems have, due to their slimness, confi gu- tive approaches might be to add small libraries rability and clearness, the capability to provide providing similar functions like a full system the fastest startup times compared to stan- service solution. Why carry a full OpenSSL dard operating systems. Embedded RTOSs if only a MD5 is needed, which can be pro- off er the beauty that one need not to be a vided by small library. Th e system start of a dedicated expert to understand the function- Linux system depends on the applied Linux ality of each single element in the operating distribution, e.g. LTIB, Debian or ELDK. For system, its internal assignments and depen- optimizations of the startup sequence, spe- dencies. A RTOS like e.g. OS-9 is based on a cial knowledge of the methods used by the clear architecture with a modular process and selected distribution is needed. Th ere are thread structure that is fully understandable many startup methods available, for example, by a developer and accordingly manageable. SysV-init, BSD-init, busybox, launchd, runit, For example, modules like kernel, pcf, epi- systemd, upstart, just to name a few. cirq or sppro1000e are exactly defi ned in their function and do exist apart from each other. Totally diff erent approaches are used in small Th at means they can be loaded and added on and clearly defi ned real-time operating sys- demand to support system optimizations. Th e tems like Microware OS-9, QNX, VxWorks naming convention helps to understand the and others. Here, a special kernel is used function of program modules and thus adds exactly for the chosen CPU. Th e operating sys- to the clarity of the system architecture. Th is tem functions for components like the MMU, results in a system structure whereby only cache, interrupt and exception handling etc. required program functions are selected and are precisely adapted and are open for opti- in use. Th is approach is straight forward, com- mizations. Th e hardware functions can be prehensive and much easier to validate and tuned with soft ware drivers exactly to match test. In contrast, the reverse process applied the required timings. Only the pre-planned for standard operating systems, to remove and desired function is integrated into the functions to optimize, possibly with a trial and operating system to avoid all time-consuming, error method, implies many risks, especially unnecessary and redundant program code. due to unknown or damaged system depen- Such a clearly defi ned system is much smaller dencies. If we are talking about real or deeply and starts faster by factors than a full blown embedded systems, then the boot medium

47 October 2014 TOOLS & SOFTWARE

is generally not a hard disk. Operating sys- from NAND-flash or SPI-NOR-flash to RAM nected. Without a cable connected, it waits for tems are loaded out of non-rotating memory before the U-Boot or the OS can be executed. a timeout, e.g. 5 seconds before it proceeds. If media like NOR- or NAND-flashes and SD/ A typical transfer rate here is 10-14MByte/ this happens within the kernel startup process, μSD/CF cards. The boot medium strongly sec. Similar to NAND are CF cards. CF cards where no process scheduling is possible and influences the timing of the system startup are typically read by the boot monitor in PIO nothing else can run at the same time, then it sequence. What are the differences between mode, at typically 5MB/sec. SD/μSD cards delays the system start until the action is fin- the types and resulting performance effects? are connected with a 4-bit wide structure and ished. To achieve better boot results, it is by The NOR-flash is a fast memory, linearly offer with >20MB/sec transfer rate the best far better to start the network at a later point, mapped into the address space. Depending on performance of the block-oriented medium. so that it can run with normal scheduling in the hardware design it is 8/16/32/64 bits wide As an example, we have measured the startup the background. To initialize the USB com- attached to the CPU with fixed defined access times from reset to completely running an munication the USB bus must be scanned speed. It is the fastest type of all. NOR-flash application for different environments using for the connected topology with all the hubs types offer the beauty that the boot-monitor the RTOS Microware OS-9 loading a con- and devices. This might take up 10 seconds (e.g. U-Boot) is running directly out of it. An trol application: NOR-flash, 0.3sec; SD-Card, with nearly no CPU usage. It makes sense to initial load or copy process into RAM is not 1.5sec; NAND-flash, 2.4sec. start the USB stack as early as possible, so that required. Most RTOSs for example, are able it can run in the background during other to run directly out of flash, which adds addi- Another strong influence on the boot timing devices and services are starting tional system safety. The RAM is free for data, is the use of a compressed or uncompressed whereby the OS and application still resides OS image. The decompression time must Most embedded systems (at least during the in the flash, hence these important code ele- be compared with the load time for a larger, development) have a serial line for the system ments cannot be damaged by a program error. uncompressed image and properly analyzed start message and the shell prompt. As the for an optimization. Another decision crite- serial line is attached to a PC by a terminal NOR-flashes however offer compared to ria is keeping the kernel small, because the program, a first and very simple tool to ana- NAND-flashes far less memory capacity OS drivers (with DMA and IRQ handling) are lyze the startup timings is the terminal proper chip space and are much more expen- faster than the Booter (simple polling drivers), gram itself. Most of the terminal programs sive. Because of that they lose attraction in so that the components are loaded faster. Or (like TeraTerm) can use timestamp logging. cost-sensitive designs, but nevertheless they using the variant “as we are already loading, Each received line gets a timestamp on arrival. are still used in environments requiring fast- load everything in one chunk”. As the boot Here we see the duration between the mes- est startup times. The typical data rate is 10-80 devices are too different in read performance, sages. Most times the message itself tells a lot MByte/sec and allows fastest access to boot there is no generic statement possible, which about where it comes from. Example: and program code. Yet NAND-flashes are way to go to get the most promising approach. block-oriented devices and therefore not lin- [Wed Sep 05 13:53:07.491 2012] NAND read: early seen in the address space. As concluded earlier, the initial system design device 0 offset 0x200000, size 0x400000 has a strong influence on the boot perfor- Accesses to these memories have to be orga- mance, and if there are options on different [Wed Sep 05 13:53:08.171 2012] 4194304 bytes nized by dedicated drivers. Due to the organi- boot media available, individual tests are read: OK zation and the 8-bit interface they are slower required to find the optimum. Several tests than the classical NOR-flashes. NAND-flash showed up to a 25% time difference, e.g. for It explains that reading 4MB from the NAND components are much cheaper compared a Linux System a speed-up from 24 to 17 sec- flash takes about 0.7 seconds. To get a mean- to NOR-flash memory and have their main onds, by using an uncompressed image (-3 ingful time stamping, the baud rate should be market in consumer electronic devices. Thus seconds) loaded from SD Card (-4 seconds) as high as possible (>=115200Baud). Hint: the NAND technology is very attractive for instead of compressed image on NAND flash. As USB serial adapters are buffering the data embedded designs, but especially in indus- As already described, the different boot media internal and sending them as bulk blocks to trial rugged designs exposes the application have strong effects on the timing of a system the system, it can happen that multiple lines to issues like long term availability or product start. Other annoying thieves of time are the are getting the same time stamp. It is of advan- lifecycle management.Similar considerations initialization sequences of Ethernet and USB tage to use the internal serial line of the PC apply to SPI-NOR-flashes, which are NOR interfaces. For initialization Ethernet com- (if it is still available), to achieve a better time flashes connected via a serial protocol inter- munication starts an auto negotiation on the resolution, as the internal serial line directly face (SPI). Due to its non-linear organization, physical layer (PHY). Typically this takes reads the data without any delay like the USB the program code must first be transferred between 1 and 3 seconds, if a cable is con- has due to the buffering.

Product News

AdaCore: conference on reliable, ETAS debuts at InnoTrans N.A.T.: ﬁrmware v2.15 for NAT-MCH safe and secure software ETAS will be making its first-ever appearance and NATview v2.13 now available AdaCore announced that, along with partner at InnoTrans, the International Trade Fair for N.A.T. make version 2.15 of the firmware for Altran, it will be a major sponsor of the inau- Transport Technology, where the company the NAT-MCH-Family of products as well as gural High Integrity Software Conference tak- will present innovative solutions for develop- the improved and extended version 2.13 of ing place in Bristol, UK on October 23rd 2014. ing, testing, and integrating real-time-capable the JAVA based GUI NATview available to HIS 2014 is a brand new UK conference for software designed for rail vehicles. ETAS RTA customers. The NAT-MCH family of products sharing information about key challenges and Solutions represent professional, made-to-or- consists of: NAT-MCH, NAT-MCH-PHYS recent developments in high integrity soft- der consulting and software engineering for and NAT-MCH-PHYS80. ware engineering. real-time applications. News ID 1892 News ID 1980 News ID 1905

October 2014 48 PRODUCT NEWS

Sysgo: ELinOS 6.0 ensures effective prise and client solid state drives. Enterprise embedded Linux projects SSDs are reading and writing more data than With the Integrated Development Environ- ever before, which is driving a requirement ment CODEO 5.1 all development tools are for increased speed and reliability in smaller now combined under one umbrella. This mea- form factors. sures aims at increasing effectiveness of Linux News ID 1902 projects for embedded systems. In less than an hour, a complete Linux system including an Digi-Key offers Analog Devices’ optimized kernel for the project with all the complete portfolio desired properties can be configured, compiled Digi-Key announces immediate access to and deployed on the selected hardware. Analog Devices’ complete product portfo- News ID 1872 lio,which includes the industry’s broadest and deepest selection of RF and microwave Microchip: reference designs components at www.digikey.com. On the make creating automotive info- heels of ADI’s acquisition of Hittite Micro- tainment systems easy wave Corporation, Digi-Key now offers over Microchip announces its MOST ToGo Refer- 13,000 Analog Devices products along with ence Designs, which make it easy for design- 1,800 Hittite Microwave Products from Ana- ers to learn and implement the proven MOST log Devices in stock and available for imme- technology in their automotive infotainment diate shipment. systems. MOST ToGo enables designers to News ID 1870 leverage Microchip’s extensive experience and focus on their application software devel- TI: high-voltage LDOs for direct-to- opment, rather than studying the vast MOST battery automotive applications specifications Broadening its large portfolio of low drop-out News ID 1842 regulators, Texas Instruments has introduced 17 new AEC-Q100-qualified, high-voltage Microchip: zero-drift instrumentation LDOs for automotive and industrial appli- ampliﬁer with self-correcting architecture cations. The new ultra-low quiescent current Microchip announces the expansion of its LDOs, including the TPS7A16xx-Q1 with instrumentation amplifier portfolio with the 60-V input, TPS7A66xx-Q1 and TPS7B67xx new zero-drift MCP6N16. This self-correct- families, and the TPS7B4250-Q1 LDO, sup- ing architecture maximises DC performance port many applications that connect directly by enabling ultra-low offset, low offset drift, to a car or truck battery, such as cluster, power and superior common-mode and power-sup- steering and infotainment systems, door ply rejection, while eliminating the adverse modules and lighting controls. effects of 1/f noise. The result is very high News ID 1935 accuracy across both time and temperature. News ID 1820 Toshiba: dual-core MCU enables energy calculation, sensing and communications ADI: multichannel, 12-bit, 1-MSPS Toshiba Electronics has introduced a new SAR A/D converters addition to its TX04 series of ARM Cor- Analog Devices introduced today three ultra- tex-M4F core-based microcontrollers. The low-power, multichannel, 12-bit, 1-MSPS TMPM411F20XBG MCU facilitates electric SAR (successive approximation register) A/D power calculation and communication in converters. The new 2, 4 and 8-channel A/D smart meters, as well as sensing and commu- converters are designed for battery-powered nications in other measurement devices. A data acquisition modules, handheld meters, typical smart meter comprises separate con- field instruments and communications appli- trollers for electric power calculation, data cations as well as medical devices such as communication, and output display. portable electrocardiograms and heart rate News ID 1924 monitors. The A/D converters are the most power-efficient in their class, dissipating a TI: security microcontroller and maximum of 1.7 mW at 1 MSPS, which is accompanying evaluation module over 60 percent less power than the closest Texas Instruments introduces the RF430F5978 SAR A/D converter competitor. microcontroller and accompanying evalua- News ID 1963 tion module. Building on TI’s CC430 product family, the RF430F5978 MCU is a highly inte- TI: tiny 18-V eFuse power protection grated RF solution with improved read zone switch efﬁciently defends systems and battery performance for ultra-low power Texas Instruments introduced bidirectional applications. The RF430F5978 MCU includes 18-V, 5-A protection switches with high a 3D low-frequency wake-up and transponder power efficiency. These tiny devices reduce interface, an integrated 1GHz RF transceiver solution size and extend battery life in porta- and programmable MSP430 core. ble and adapter-powered devices, and enter- News ID 1825

49 October 2014 PRODUCT NEWS

Apacer: mini wide-temperature SSD to its embOS real time operating system. The Express Logic: demo package successfully applies to UAVs embOS tickless low power feature reduces the for Renesas RSK With the increasing prevalence of the con- power consumption for e.g. battery powered Express Logic introduced a comprehen- cept of security, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles devices. It stops the periodic system tick inter- sive suite of example projects and demos (UAVs) have gradually been used for the rupt during idle periods. designed to give developers a quick start purpose of national defense and monitor- News ID 1971 with projects based on the Renesas RZ/A1 ing. It will be further developed in commer- Starter Kit Board. The example projects, 13 cial applications, such as oil pipe monitoring, SCIOPTA: safety RTOS ported to in all, cover each Express Logic product indi- environment observation, aviation, commu- ADI’s Blackﬁn processors vidually and include multifunction examples nication transmission and other commercial SCIOPTA Systems has ported the safety certi- that illustrate how to use several products applications. The importance of stability of a fied SCIOPTA Real-Time Operating Systems together. storage device is thus in top priority with such to the Analog Devices Blackfin processors. News ID 1903 an exciting prospect. The SCIOPTA Blackfin RTOS is specifically News ID 1893 tuned for the Analog Devices Blackfin proces- LDRA reduces on-target footprint sors. This results in a very high performance of its tool suite by 60% Amplicon: next-gen 6.5 digit and a low memory footprint. SCIOPTA LDRA has optimised the LDRA tool suite digital multimeters Blackfin is certified according to IEC61508 target implementation to deliver the same Amplicon has introduced the 34461A digi- SIL3, EN 50128 SIL3/4 and ISO 26262 ASIL D. comprehensive software test and verifica- tal multimeter from Keysight Technologies, News ID 1808 tion capabilities with a 60 percent smaller formerly Agilent. These DMMs offer several on-target footprint. This reduced footprint advantages over previous models. They help TI: DLP evaluation module for video minimises test overhead significantly so that engineers see their measurement data in new and data display applications time-critical dependencies can now be prop- ways, get actionable information faster, and Texas Instruments announced the availability erly traced. Instrumentation overhead no lon- document their results more easily. Exclusive of the DLP LightCrafter Display 2010 evalua- ger interferes with the real-time execution on Truevolt technology reduces extraneous fac- tion module, a developer tool that allows quick the target. tors such as noise, injected current and input assessment of TI’s 0.2” TRP WVGA display News ID 1873 bias current for increased measurement con- chipset. The 180-mW, ultra-low power chipset, fidence. consisting of a DLP2010 digital micromirror Keysight Technologies begins operations News ID 1942 device, a DLPC3435 display controller and a Keysight Technologies announced the elec- DLPA2005 power management/LED driver, tronic measurement business of Agilent Silicon Labs: sensor development is now shipping in volume and is available Technologies has begun operating under the kits accelerate IoT design through TI’s worldwide distributor network. Keysight name. It will remain a wholly owned Silicon Labs introduced two economical, News ID 1960 subsidiary of Agilent Technologies until early easy-to-use development kits to accelerate the November when the separation is expected to design of environmental and biometric sens- Microchip introduces PIC32 be completed and Keysight begins trading on ing applications for a wide range of Internet Bluetooth starter kit the NYSE under the symbol KEYS. of Things products. Target applications for Microchip announces the new PIC32 Blue- News ID 1879 the kits include home security systems, smart tooth Starter Kit. The full-featured kit features thermostats, smoke detectors, weather sta- a PIC32 microcontroller (MCU), HCI-based MathWorks: build, test, and run real-time tions, smart watches, fitness bands, heart-rate Bluetooth radio, Cree high-output multi-co- applications from Simulink models earphones and other wearable products. lour LED, 3 standard single-colour LEDs, MathWorks has announced the introduction News ID 1984 an analogue 3-axis accelerometer, analogue of Simulink Real-Time into the Simulink temperature sensor and 5 push buttons for product family. Available with the company’s Sysgo: PikeOS 3.5 includes user-defined inputs. Additionally, the kit Release 2014a, Simulink Real-Time enables hardware virtualization includes PICkit On Board (PKOB) which engineers to build, test, and run real-time SYSGO announces the release of version 3.5 eliminates the need for an external debugger/ applications from Simulink models on dedi- of its hypervisor PikeOS. Focus of the inno- programmer; USB connectivity; and GPIOs cated target computer hardware connected to vation is the support of hardware virtualiza- for rapid development of Bluetooth Serial their physical systems, providing a complete tion enabling the execution of guest operating Port Profile (SPP), USB and general-purpose end-to-end real-time simulation and testing systems without any adaption. Additionally, applications. solution. PikeOS 3.5 is equipped with an enhanced News ID 1889 News ID 1868 PikeOS Native personality and improved Linux support by using ELinOS 6.0 and PLS: UDE supports all functions of Altium: new TASKING C compiler for Android 4.3.1. The integrated development latest Qorivva automotive SoCs Renesas RH850 automotive environment CODEO has also been updated In parallel to Freescale’s presentation of its lat- microcontrollers and speeds up the configuration process of est Qorivva derivates, PLS Programmierbare Altium announces a major new addition to its ELinOS and Android personalities. Logik & Systeme now provides system devel- TASKING C compiler solutions for automo- News ID 1831 opers with its Universal Debug Engine for tive application development, providing sup- the multicore System-on-Chips MPC5746M, port for the RH850 architecture from Renesas SEGGER adds tickless support MPC5777M, MPC5748G, MPC5746C, Electronics. The RH850 is the latest automo- to embOS RTOS MPC77xK and MPC574xP. PLS is one of the tive microcontroller family from Renesas to Increasing efficiency and reducing power first tool suppliers to offer development tools offer high performance balanced with very consumption is key for modern embedded specifically optimized for the features and low power consumption over a wide and scal- systems. To support these demanding needs functions of these multicore SoCs. able range of products. SEGGER added tickless low power support News ID 1979 News ID 1858

October 2014 50 PRODUCT NEWS

Mouser releases free SPICE SEGGER introduces J-Scope, data PLS: automated software tests simulation tool visualization for J-Link directly on the target system Mouser Electronics announces the upcoming SEGGER announces J-Scope, their new data PLS Programmierbare Logik & Systeme and release of MultiSIM BLUE, the NI Multisim visualization software for the industry stan- Razorcat now present a whole range of opti- Component Evaluator – Mouser Edition. In dard J-Link family of debug probes. J-Scope is mized, so-called Tool Qualification Packages collaboration with NI, the new Mouser ver- an application to analyze and visualize data on for the TESSY test platform for various archi- sion of the free tool will add features and a microcontroller in real-time, while the tar- tectures and cross compilers. These TQPs will functionality to provide engineers with an get is running. It provides a real-time, accu- in future allow embedded system developers industry-standard SPICE simulation environ- rate representation of the sampled variables even easier and more reliable automated test- ment of electronic circuits using Mouser Elec- enabling the engineer to better understand ing of application software written in the pro- tronics’ distributed components. the embedded application. gramming language C. News ID 1882 News ID 1861 News ID 1898

SEGGER: real time terminal with J-Link Vector announces support Melexis: automotive ready wireless SEGGER announces J-Link Real Time Ter- for MISRA C: 2012 charging & NFC reference design minal which speeds up bidirectional commu- Vector Software announced that the Vector- Combining the automotive grade NFC trans- nication between the target system and the CAST software test solution now supports ceiver of Melexis with Freescale Semiconduc- development computer by at least an order the MISRA C: 2012 (MISRA C3) standard. tor’s wireless charging technology enables a of magnitude. This new technology brings The new benchmark offers improvements to ready to use reference design solution that printf-style debugging and system verifica- earlier versions, and extends support for the could free us from the dreaded low battery tion functionality to any application. The only MISRA C: 2012 C99 version of the C language warning. In the recent times the NFC stan- thing needed to use J-Link RTT is a CPU with (ISO/IEC 9899:1999). The VectorCAST soft- dard for secure, short range communica- a debug interface that allows background ware test environment is widely deployed in tion for point of purchase and access control memory access; no extra pins are required. safety-critical applications that utilize the has gained a strong and growing position in News ID 1865 MISRA C standard, and the regulation is the mobile handsets. Melexis has pioneered this most widely used set of coding guidelines for technology for Entry-and-Go and PKE (Pas- DFI supports XP-based operating systems C language development. VectorCAST/Lint sive Keyless Entry) solutions in cars with for embedded solutions until 2019 utilizes the powerful Lint source code analysis introduction of its MLX90132 NFC trans- DFI introduces great solutions to extend sup- engine from Gimpel Software, and is config- ceiver IC. port and services for your Microsoft XP-based ured for checking the MISRA C standard. News ID 1962 embedded systems even though Window XP News ID 1837 security fixes from Microsoft have ended. As FTDI: new software tools Microsoft announced previously, there will be IEI: focus on remote data collection and Arduino libraries no more security updates or technical sup- and device management To provide further assistance to engineers port for Windows XP operating systems after IEI has held a seminar of Remote Data Collection using its Embedded Video Engine technol- April 8, 2014. Hoping to allay concerns, Mic- and Device Management in Enterprise Cloud. ogy, FTDI Chip can now supply a compre- rosoft has clarified that some of its XP embed- This seminar was focusing on how to provide IoT hensive suite of additional support facilities. ded product line will have extended support solutions in a smart way by applying Intel Quark These are designed to be utilised with both until 2019. As a Windows Embedded Partner, CPU, Moon Island gateway solution, SAP Afaria the established FT800 graphic controller IC DFI will be assisting customers in migrating and Amazon Web Services. IoT consists of sen- and the newly announced FT801, with capac- to other XP-based operating systems without sor layer, networking layer, cloud computing layer itive touch enabled interface and multi-touch changing applications; as well as help those and application layer. IEI provides the total solu- capabilities, which has now been ramped up who would like to adopt the latest OS and tions to link and integrate each layer to achieve to full production levels and is available in technologies to stay secure. real automation in the IoT chain. volume quantities forthwith. News ID 1944 News ID 1977 News ID 1901

51 October 2014 PRODUCT NEWS

PRQA and Toyo announce Rohde & Schwarz: software Microsemi increases security strategic partnership analyzes DOCSIS 3.1 signals for critical communication Programming Research Group, a global The data over cable service interface specifica- Microsemi has obtained an extension of its leader in static analysis, and Toyo Corpora- tions 3.1 provide fast data transmission over existing Differential Power Analysis (DPA) tion of Tokyo Japan announce that follow- hybrid fiber coaxial networks. To prepare for patent license from the Cryptography Research ing a long term business partnership of over the planned rollout of the standard, manu- division of Rambus. The patent license exten- 15 years, Toyo has now become a significant facturers of cable headends, cable modems sion allows Microsemi to continue providing shareholder in PRQA. This new investment and network components as well as cable industry-leading solutions for the secure boot- will enable PRQA to accelerate the enhance- TV network operators can now use the R&S ing of third-party processors and FPGAs using ment and development of new and advanced DSA analysis software. Rohde & Schwarz is the Cryptography Research portfolio of pat- software analysis techniques and methods for the first supplier that enables users to perform ented breakthrough DPA countermeasures. program accuracy, integrity and reliability in high-quality BER and MER measurements on News ID 1891 the Software Development Life Cycle market. real-life DOCSIS 3.1 signals. News ID 1851 News ID 1913 Mouser: get connected with TI‘s SimpleLink Wi Fi processor Lauterbach: debug tools provide proof DFI: 7-inch fanless touch panel PC development boards of timing and code performance with IP65 compliant front panel Mouser Electronics is now stocking the new Lauterbach has announced a new feature of DFI announces KS230-CD in its light indus- SimpleLink Wi Fi CC3100 and CC3200 Pro- its TRACE32 tools – the ability to export Task trial touch panel PC product line. The IP65 cessor development boards from Texas Instru- Event Based Trace Data for External Timing rated Panel PC adopts the Intel Atom N2800/ ments. Marketed as an Internet-on-a-chip Analysis. Lauterbach‘s TRACE32 trace tools N2600 processor with speed up to 1.86 GHz. low-power Wi Fi family, these SimpleLink provide fast and efficient trouble shooting Based on the low-power x86 architecture, this Wi Fi development boards allow users to capabilities to detect complex errors that only 7” fanless panel pc can be extensively used develop with the CC3100 network processor occur during run-time conditions. With the in a variety of industries, such as self-service and CC3200 Wi Fi MCU families to easily add latest Trace32 technology, the recorded pro- kiosks in shopping center, 24-hour operating embedded Wi Fi and Internet connectivity to gram/data flow is time stamped to allow an ATMs on the streets, and HMI solutions in a wide-range of applications. overall analysis of the system performance, as factories. News ID 1940 well as quality assurance features such as code News ID 1836 coverage, cache analysis and timing analysis. Curtiss-Wright supplies motor News ID 1849 Microchip: 2.4 GHz RF ampliﬁer controller for Formula Student offers low EVM and current for electric-powered vehicle PRQA releases QA•C++ V3.2, 256-QAM and 802.11b/g/n Curtiss-Wright announced that, via the boosting C++’11 coverage Microchip announces its latest 2.4 GHz Lynch Motor Company, it has supplied Sig- PRQA | Programming Research announces 256-QAM RF high-power amplifier - the madrive motor controllers from PG Drives a major upgrade to QA•C++. Version 3.2 is SST12CP21 - which offers ultra-low EVM Technology to Cardiff University’s Cardiff a new release of this leading static analysis and current consumption for 256-QAM and Racing Formula Student team. Lynch Motor tool for C++ environments and incorporates IEEE 802.11n systems. The SST12CP21 deliv- Company has been designing and manufac- extensive new functionality. QA•C++ is an ers high linear output power of up to 23 dBm turing traction motors and generators for over indispensable tool for the growing number of at 1.75% dynamic EVM, with MCS9 HT 40 20 years and is known globally as a specialist development teams that have transitioned to MHz bandwidth modulation at 5V and 320 in the field of low voltage, high torque perma- C++’11. mA current consumption. nent magnet DC motors and generators. News ID 1919 News ID 1956 News ID 1846

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October 2014 52 PRODUCT NEWS

MSC: quad-band GSM/GPRS MAZeT: control LEDs with module from Quectel smartphones and tablets MSC now offers Quectel’s M66 Quad-band MAZeT introduces the wireless control of GSM/GPRS module. The M66 is delivered in LEDs from a smartphone or tablet. No color an ultra-compact 44-pin LCC package with differences in the same color on all light boxes Editors dimensions of 17.7 x 15.8 x 2.3 mm, thus it are discernible to the human eye. There are Jürgen Hübner is the smallest Quad-Band GPRS module also no differences when the operating con- phone +49(0)8092-2477413 fax +49(0)8092-2477429 worldwide available today. The module weighs ditions change or LEDs of different types or [email protected] approximately 1.3 g. bins are used. A True Color sensor from the News ID 1929 JENCOLOR series ensures a constant color Wolfgang Patelay scheme. Current wireless transmission tech- [email protected] TI: triple-output synchronous buck nology and Android-based operating soft- Tony Devereux converters with small footprint ware complement this. MAZeT offers the [email protected] Texas Instruments introduces the next gener- electronics and control systems for luminaire ation of its integrated triple-output synchro- manufacturers and system integrators as For Reader Inquiries and Address Changes please contact: nous step-down switching regulators with series-manufactured OEM modules. [email protected] smaller footprint and higher efficiency. The News ID 1821 TPS65261 and TPS65262 DC/DC converters Sales & Marketing Director feature small QFN packages and up to 96 per- Allegro: current sensor ICs Manfred Blumoser phone +49(0)8092-2477411 cent efficiency for such applications as digital feature internal isolation fax +49(0)8092-2477429 television, set-top boxes, home gateway and The new ACS722 and ACS723 current sensor [email protected] access point networks, wireless routers, point- ICs from Allegro MicroSystems Europe are of-sale machines, and surveillance equipment. high-accuracy devices featuring internal gal- Claudia Mellein [email protected] News ID 1876 vanic isolation, and are ideally suited to use in low-power applications incorporating high Christiane Lockner Micro Digital announces output voltage swings at low currents. The [email protected] free SMX learning kits new devices are true bidirectional ±5 A or Sales Office - UK and USA, Benelux, Micro Digital announces Free SMX Learning unidirectional 10 A sensor ICs which provide Scandinavia Kits, for non-commercial use. Computer Sci- an economical and precise solution for AC or Blue Sky Communications ence schools in the U.S. have been neglecting DC current sensing in non-automotive appli- Malcolm Cameron 21 Cliffe Avenue to teach the basic skills needed for embedded cations such as industrial, commercial, and Westbrook, systems and RTOS programming. Instead, communications systems. Margate, Kent CT9 5DU, UK their graduates‘ experience is mostly limited News ID 1909 phone +44 (0)77 88-10 84 11 to Linux. Although good for many things, fax +44 (0)80 82-8010 57 [email protected] Linux is not the tool best suited to moder- Berner & Mattner: compliant ate-size embedded systems with hard real- with ISO 9001:2008 Sales Office - Asia time and small size requirements. Berner & Mattner Systemtechnik has been Jean Cheng, [email protected] confirmed compliant with ISO 9001:2008 Vivian Hung, [email protected] News ID 1914 Innovative Media Information & Services without deviations in a recertification audit 7F-3, No. 26, Sec. 2, Ming-Quan East Rd. Brainboxes: Ethernet module with inde- carried out by the DQS (Deutsche Gesellschaft Taipei 104 Taiwan pendently configurable analogue inputs zur Zertifizierung von Managementsystemen, phone +886 2 2563 1186 Brainboxes announces the launch of the German Management System Certification Head Office ED-549, a new Ethernet networking device Company). This periodic recertification of designed for remote monitoring of multiple quality management systems, like the ISO/ analogue inputs in industrial environments. IEC-27001:2005 recertification last year, Aimed at test, measurement and process applies to the entire company, including our control engineers, it is designed to remotely subsidiary in Vienna and all branch offices. ICC Media GmbH gather analogue input signals over an Ethernet News ID 1840 Rauwagnerstr. 5 network, the ED-549 ‘Ethernet 8 AI’ product 85560 Ebersberg / Germany has eight analogue input channels and deliv- iC-Haus: 10-bit Hall encoder with ers remote access to real-time data for highly current consumption of only a few μA Editorial Office UK 36a Blackacre Road flexible and high-precision measurements. The ultra-low power single-chip Hall encoder Theydon Bois News ID 1951 iC-TW11 by iC-Haus allows for an ener- Essex, CM16 7LU gy-saving 10-bit angle detection and there- Copyright© All rights reserved. regulator goes wired fore targets for example battery-buffered No part of this publication may be reproduced or The latest product from RECOM supplements applications. With a sampling rate of 10 Hz transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior express written permission of ICC Media. the R-78 switching regulator family: introduc- an average current consumption of typically Although we make every effort to present up-to- ing the new R-78W. This wired version of the 3 μA is obtained. In standby mode between date, accurate information, boards&solutions will not be responsible for any errors or omissions or for any R-78 is mainly intended for use in applica- measuring cycles the idle current cuts back to results obtained from the use of such information. tions which utilize few or no printed circuit approximately 100 nA. In normal operation The magazine will not be liable for any loss caused by the reliance on information obtained on this site. boards. For example in LED lighting solutions, iC-TW11 supports sampling rates of 4 kHz Furthermore, boards&solutions does not warrant the a constant voltage for a fan can be generated with an activated filter and automatic ampli- accuracy or completeness of the information, text, graphics in this magazine. The opinions expressed by connecting the switching regulator in par- fier gain for 10-bit resolution at maximum in the articles are those of the authors and not allel with the LED driver. accuracy. necessarily the opinions of the publisher. News ID 1974 News ID 1843

53 October 2014 PRODUCT NEWS

TI: multiphase core voltage power Kontron: Wildcat 2U answers need for management solutions with rugged server for oil & gas applications COMPANY PAGE advanced PMBus interface Kontron introduced its Wildcat 2U rugged Texas Instruments introduced a complete rackmount server based on Kontron moth- ADLINK 9 multiphase core voltage (Vcore) power man- erboard computing technology. Designed agement system solution for enterprise specifi cally to meet the challenging comput- servers, storage and high-end desktop appli- ing needs of exploration and operations, Kon- Advantech 23 cations. Compliant with Intel’s VR12.5 and tron‘s new 19-inch rugged rackmount server VR12 voltage regulation specifi cations, the is backed by Kontron‘s global technical sup- ARM 43 TPS53661, TPS53641 and TPS53631 DC/DC port organization. Optimized for high mean controllers and CSD95372B and CSD95373B time between failure, the Kontron Wildcat NexFET smart power stages are a state-of-the- 2U meets high shock and vibration as well as ARTILA 36 art, digital multiphase solution to power the extreme temperature and dust requirements latest Intel Xeon processors. demanded in Oil & Gas installations. Avalue 49 News ID 1920 News ID 1871 Advertisers Index

Atlantik: programmable and auto- Acceed: slim Linux PC for top-hat rail congatec 35 motive qualifi ed Hall sensor Acceed introduces Artila‘s PAC-4070, a Linux Atlantik Elektronik presents AKM´s new Box-PC for the top-hat rail. Specifi cally devel- programmable highly integrated, cost-eff ec- oped for automation, the PAC-4070 is geared Conrad 17 tive and Automotive qualifi ed linear Hall IC to low electricity consumption, fast and cheap EG230L. Th e IC is tailored to the needs of installation and round-the-clock availability. Th e DATA MODUL 25 highly accurate linear position detection and vertical top-hat rail assembly of the PAC-4070 current measurement applications. Th e sensor enables the accommodation of a considerable composed of a GaAs Hall Element and a sig- number of devices within the smallest of spaces. Digi-Key 2 nal processing IC chip in a package. Accord- At the same time, all the important interfaces and ing to rapid response to magnetic fi eld and the signal LEDs are directed to the front. Ecrin 33 low output noise, this sensor IC is suitable for News ID 1847 current sensing application for automotive. News ID 1857 RECOM: new switching Renesas: EKF Elektronik 37 IEC61508 certifi cation for RX631and ADI: 256-channel, 24-bit current-to- RX63N safety package digital converter module for CT scanners Renesas has obtained IEC61508 certifi cation Express Logic 19 Analog Devices introduced today a cur- for the RX631, RX63N Safety Package, fea- rent-to-digital converter module that reduces turing robust self-diagnostic soft ware and Green Hills 5 the cost and complexity of computed tomog- a safety manual for microcontrollers neces- raphy scanner system design. Th e ADAS1131 sary to implement functional safety in indus- is a 256-channel, 24-bit current-to-digital trial equipment. An RX631, RX63N Safety Messe Stuttgart 55 converter module that is available in a 15-mm² Solution Evaluation Kit will be available in BGA package with a 0.8-mm pitch. Th e device November 2014. Lauterbach 45 uses approximately 33 percent less PCB area News ID 1955 than alternative devices that off er only half the channel density. Lynx Software appoints Embedded M2M Alliance 41 News ID 1866 Offi ce as German distributor Lynx Soft ware Technologies announced that it MOUSER ELECTRONICS 7 TI: high-voltage switcher delivers energy has strengthened its support for customers in savings to “always-on” smart meters Germany, Austria and Switzerland (DACH) Texas Instruments introduced a 700-V with the appointment of Embedded Offi ce, a Mesago 40 switcher with the industry’s lowest quies- specialist in safety-critical embedded applica- cent current of less than 100 uA – half the tions, as its distributor. Based in the Munich power consumption of existing solutions. area, Embedded Offi ce will undertake market Messe München 56 Th e UCC28880 controller integrates a 700-V development, product training and fi rst line power MOSFET and high-voltage current technical support activities for the LynxOS Microchip 21 source, increasing overall energy effi ciency real time operating system family, includ- of “always-on” non-isolated power systems ing the avionics certifi ed, LynxOS-178 safety with output currents up to 100 mA, such as critical RTOS, and also the LynxSecure sepa- MSC 3 smart meters, home automation equipment ration kernel / hypervisor with its customers and white goods. across Germany, Austria and Switzerland. PEAK System-Technik 11 News ID 1989 News ID 1884

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October 2014 54 PRODUCT NEWS

Embedded Ofﬁce: starterkits facilitate Saelig: 25MHz digital oscil- Nuvoton launches 32-bit entry into certiﬁcation projects loscope-in-a-probe MCUs with dual CAN bus Embedded Office is offering pre-certified Saelig announces the new Owon RDS1021 Nuvoton launched the new generation components in the form of its Cert-Kits Wave Rambler - a new, USB pen scope that NuMicro NUC230/240 series in 2014. The that support manufacturers of safety-rele- packs the features of a high performance NUC230/240 series runs up to 72 MHz vant systems in accordance with the stan- bench top oscilloscope in a small, lightweight and features two CANs, USB 2.0 full-speed dards IEC62304, IEC61508 and EN50128 in and ergonomic probe that fits perfectly in the device, up to six high-speed UARTs, 800 standard-compliant development. To enable hand. Used with the included PC software, kSPS high conversion 12 bit ADCs and users to get started quickly in their certifica- the RDS1021 Wave Rambler converts any embedded 22.1184MHz ±3% high-preci- tion projects, Embedded Office is now offer- laptop or desktop PC into a powerful oscillo- sion oscillator working at -40 to +105. The ing so called ‘starterkits’. These starterkits scope without the need for additional probes NUC230/240 series is embedded with two are executable systems, which allow users to or power supplies. The Wave Rambler dis- CANs, 800 kSPS high conversion 12 bit immediately commence the development of a plays signals from 5mV to 50V. It features FFT ADCs, and embedded 22.1184MHz ±3% certification project. capabilities, so it can be used for displaying high-precision oscillator, which is suitable News ID 1880 the frequency characteristics of a signal. for industrial control or elevator equipment News ID 1947 transportation. Wibu-Systems: CodeMeter Embedded News ID 1887 Driver 1.7 protects embedded systems Cyan and GridSense team up to provide Wibu-Systems have released the new Code- end to end smart grid solutions Microsemi: SmartFusion2 and Meter Embedded Driver 1.7 for protecting Cyan has signed a teaming agreement with IGLOO2 families successfully embedded systems, programmable logic con- GridSense to jointly market smart grid solu- complete NSA IAD SIG trollers and industrial PCs. As know-how is tions in India and other emerging regions Microsemi announced the company’s Smart- nestled more and more within device soft- that will enable utilities to accurately monitor Fusion2 SoC FPGA and IGLOO2 FPGA ware, manufacturers can protect their IP with energy distribution and consumption all the product families are the first and only FPGAs CodeMeter, a comprehensive solution against way from the distribution transformer to the to successfully complete the U.S. National reverse-engineering that licenses and signs meter in the consumer’s home, supporting the Security Agency (NSA) Information Assur- the program code, thus securing their com- reduction in power losses and increased rev- ance Directorate (IAD) Secure Implementa- petitive advantage. enues. tion Guidelines (SIG) document. News ID 1983 News ID 1910 News ID 1918