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Fill Your Boots: Enhanced Embedded Bootloader Exploits Via Fault Injection and Binary Analysis
IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems ISSN 2569-2925, Vol. 2021, No. 1, pp. 56–81. DOI:10.46586/tches.v2021.i1.56-81 Fill your Boots: Enhanced Embedded Bootloader Exploits via Fault Injection and Binary Analysis Jan Van den Herrewegen1, David Oswald1, Flavio D. Garcia1 and Qais Temeiza2 1 School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, UK, {jxv572,d.f.oswald,f.garcia}@cs.bham.ac.uk 2 Independent Researcher, [email protected] Abstract. The bootloader of an embedded microcontroller is responsible for guarding the device’s internal (flash) memory, enforcing read/write protection mechanisms. Fault injection techniques such as voltage or clock glitching have been proven successful in bypassing such protection for specific microcontrollers, but this often requires expensive equipment and/or exhaustive search of the fault parameters. When multiple glitches are required (e.g., when countermeasures are in place) this search becomes of exponential complexity and thus infeasible. Another challenge which makes embedded bootloaders notoriously hard to analyse is their lack of debugging capabilities. This paper proposes a grey-box approach that leverages binary analysis and advanced software exploitation techniques combined with voltage glitching to develop a powerful attack methodology against embedded bootloaders. We showcase our techniques with three real-world microcontrollers as case studies: 1) we combine static and on-chip dynamic analysis to enable a Return-Oriented Programming exploit on the bootloader of the NXP LPC microcontrollers; 2) we leverage on-chip dynamic analysis on the bootloader of the popular STM8 microcontrollers to constrain the glitch parameter search, achieving the first fully-documented multi-glitch attack on a real-world target; 3) we apply symbolic execution to precisely aim voltage glitches at target instructions based on the execution path in the bootloader of the Renesas 78K0 automotive microcontroller. -
MSP430FR2433 Mixed-Signal Microcontroller
Product Order Technical Tools & Support & Folder Now Documents Software Community MSP430FR2433 SLASE59C –OCTOBER 2015–REVISED AUGUST 2018 MSP430FR2433 Mixed-Signal Microcontroller 1 Device Overview 1.1 Features 1 • Embedded Microcontroller Storage – 16-Bit RISC Architecture – 1015 Write Cycle Endurance – Clock Supports Frequencies up to 16 MHz – Radiation Resistant and Nonmagnetic – Wide Supply Voltage Range From 3.6 V Down – High FRAM-to-SRAM Ratio, up to 4:1 to 1.8 V (Minimum Supply Voltage is Restricted • Clock System (CS) by SVS Levels, See the SVS Specifications) – On-Chip 32-kHz RC Oscillator (REFO) • Optimized Ultra-Low-Power Modes – On-Chip 16-MHz Digitally Controlled Oscillator – Active Mode: 126 µA/MHz (Typical) (DCO) With Frequency-Locked Loop (FLL) – Standby: <1 µA With VLO – ±1% Accuracy With On-Chip Reference at – LPM3.5 Real-Time Clock (RTC) Counter With Room Temperature 32768-Hz Crystal: 730 nA (Typical) – On-Chip Very Low-Frequency 10-kHz Oscillator – Shutdown (LPM4.5): 16 nA (Typical) (VLO) • High-Performance Analog – On-Chip High-Frequency Modulation Oscillator – 8-Channel 10-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converter (MODOSC) (ADC) – External 32-kHz Crystal Oscillator (LFXT) – Internal 1.5-V Reference – Programmable MCLK Prescalar of 1 to 128 – Sample-and-Hold 200 ksps – SMCLK Derived from MCLK With • Enhanced Serial Communications Programmable Prescalar of 1, 2, 4, or 8 – Two Enhanced Universal Serial Communication • General Input/Output and Pin Functionality Interfaces (eUSCI_A) Support UART, IrDA, and – Total of 19 I/Os on -
Schedule 14A Employee Slides Supertex Sunnyvale
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 SCHEDULE 14A Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Filed by the Registrant Filed by a Party other than the Registrant Check the appropriate box: Preliminary Proxy Statement Confidential, for Use of the Commission Only (as permitted by Rule 14a-6(e)(2)) Definitive Proxy Statement Definitive Additional Materials Soliciting Material Pursuant to §240.14a-12 Supertex, Inc. (Name of Registrant as Specified In Its Charter) Microchip Technology Incorporated (Name of Person(s) Filing Proxy Statement, if other than the Registrant) Payment of Filing Fee (Check the appropriate box): No fee required. Fee computed on table below per Exchange Act Rules 14a-6(i)(1) and 0-11. (1) Title of each class of securities to which transaction applies: (2) Aggregate number of securities to which transaction applies: (3) Per unit price or other underlying value of transaction computed pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 0-11 (set forth the amount on which the filing fee is calculated and state how it was determined): (4) Proposed maximum aggregate value of transaction: (5) Total fee paid: Fee paid previously with preliminary materials. Check box if any part of the fee is offset as provided by Exchange Act Rule 0-11(a)(2) and identify the filing for which the offsetting fee was paid previously. Identify the previous filing by registration statement number, or the Form or Schedule and the date of its filing. (1) Amount Previously Paid: (2) Form, Schedule or Registration Statement No.: (3) Filing Party: (4) Date Filed: Filed by Microchip Technology Incorporated Pursuant to Rule 14a-12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Subject Company: Supertex, Inc. -
SFF.2009.RG.Pdf
Only Print Single Only Print Single www.smallformfactors.com www.pc104online.com Volume 13 • Number 1 COLUMNS FEATURES 8 PC/104 Consortium THE BIG YET SMALL PICTURE: Embedded marketplace embraces PCI/104-Express By Dr. Paul Haris Small, smaller, smallest 12 The wireless toolbox 9 Small Form Factor SIG By John Schwartz, Digi International Separating interconnects from form factors By Paul Rosenfeld 15 Focus on Form Factors: Pico-ITXe 10 Euro Small Tech By Bob Burckle, WinSystems Compact board powers personal weather station By Hermann Strass TECH SMALL TALK: Insights from the experts 74 Editor’s Insight 16 COMIT hits the embedded computing world Rugged SFFs nail system designs By Bob Burckle, WinSystems By Chris A. Ciufo Only IT’S A SMALL (FORM FACTOR) WORLD: Unique applications DEPARTMENTS 19 PC/104 powers nanosatellite for space situational 24 Editor’s Choice Products awareness By Kristin Allen, Kristin Allen Marketing & Design By Don Dingee Print 22 Prototyping SoCs with customized PCI Express WEB RESOURCES development boards By Stephane Hauradou, PLDA Subscribe to the magazine or E-letter Live industry news • Submit new products RESOURCE GUIDE: http://submit.opensystemsmedia.com White papers: 27 2009 PC/104 and Small Form Factors Resource Guide Read: http://whitepapers.opensystemsmedia.com Submit: http://submit.opensystemsmedia.comSingle Communications and networking ...........27 Complete systems .....................29 ON THE COVER: In a progression from small to smallest, the ADLINK Technology Industrial automation ...................30 MilSystem 800, WinSystems Pico-I/O with VIA Pico-ITXe, and Digi XBee radio module show the latest trends in small form factor Interfaces ..........................32 systems and boards. -
Mini ATR, 3-Slot Openvpx™ Platform RUGGED, SMALL FORM FACTOR
DATA SHEET Mini ATR, 3-Slot OpenVPX™ Platform RUGGED, SMALL FORM FACTOR DESCRIPTION The modular design of this Mini ATR platform allows for various con- figurations. The chassis can easily be scaled up or down while using the same side walls. DC and AC power variations as well as custom front I/O configurations are available. Elma also offers a wide selec- tion of backplanes in various architectures and has different milled card cage sizes off-the-shelf. Functional Features Benefits ■■ Small form factor mini ATR-style chassis, natural convection- The all-aluminum Mini ATR incorporates military-grade cooled is low weight, ideal for weight critical applications components like MIL-DTL-38999L connector, on/off and reset switches, LEDs, breakers, etc. EMC shielding is compliant to (SWaP) MIL-STD-461E. Depending on specific applications, commercial, ■■ 3-slot backplane, 1in pitch to meet VITA 65 (OpenVPX) Back- industrial, or military-grade power supplies are available. The plane Profile BKP3-CEN03-15.2.9-n accepts 3U OpenVPX Mini ATR can also be configured with solid-state storage and boards on a 1in pitch, according to VITA 48.2 (REDI) and 250 W AC plug-in power supply module. VITA 65 (OpenVPX) ■■ Other backplanes can be accommodated: 3U CPCI, custom ■■ Two sizes available; other sizes custom: ■■ 1)133mm H x 175mm W x 311mm D (5.24in H x 6.89in W x 12.24in D) ■■ 2) 133mm H x 175mm W x 235mm D (5.24in H x 6.89in W x 9.25in D) ■■ Advanced airflow design distributes air across external fins in sidewalls ■■ Optional plug-in power supply provides up to 350 W VDC; AC versions also available ■■ Option to accommodate 2.5in storage with drive tray ■■ Custom I/O options including MIL-STD wiring and connectors OPTIONAL COMPUTING PRODUCTS ›■ 3U and 6U VPX compliant single board computers. -
UDE Memtool FLASH/OTP Memory Programming Tool UDE Memtool Is a Tool for Programming On-Chip As Well As External FLASH/OTP and EPROM's
UDE MemTool FLASH/OTP Memory Programming Tool UDE MemTool is a tool for programming on-chip as well as external FLASH/OTP and EPROM's. It integrates seamlessly with the UDE Universal Debug Engine Integrated Development Environment. UDE MemTool comes as add-in for the Universal Debug Engine (UDE) and allows the FLASH/OTP programming during the development cycle inside of UDE. UDE MemTool is aware of the memory map and runs the programming algorithm when required. UDE MemTool can be used with a separate frontend interface as tool. All programming functions are available via standard COM automation interfaces, too. Using these interfaces, the features of UDE MemTool may be integrated into automatic production and testsystems or started via scripts. Additionally, UDE MemTool offers a batch mode and a command line interface for automation purposes. UDE GangProgrammer can program FLASH memory devices simultaneously to save time and optimize the resource usage in a production environment. Functions of UDE MemTool UDE MemTool offers the following functions (depending on the type of memory): Erasing the entire memory module or selected sectors of the memory module Loading Intel Hex and Motorola S-Record files Programming all or selected portions of the file into the memory module Comparing all or selected portions of the file to the current contents of the memory module Read back and save-to-disk of the current memory content Setting and Resetting the Chip/Sector Protection if applicable (on-chip only) UCB (User Configuration Blocks), ABM (Alternate Boot Mode), BMI (Boot Mode Index) header handling for some derivatives. UDE MemTool can handle more than one memory module, and is using on-chip RAM. -
Using Energia (Arduino)
Using Energia (Arduino) Introduction This chapter of the MSP430 workshop explores Energia, the Arduino port for the Texas Instruments Launchpad kits. After a quick definition and history of Arduino and Energia, we provide a quick introduction to Wiring – the language/library used by Arduino & Energia. Most of the learning comes from using the Launchpad board along with the Energia IDE to light LED’s, read switches and communicate with your PC via the serial connection. Learning Objectives, Requirements, Prereq’s Prerequisites & Objectives Prerequisites Basic knowledge of C language Basic understanding of using a C library and header files This chapter doesn’t explain clock, interrupt, and GPIO features in detail, this is left to the other chapters in the MSP430 workshop Requirements - Tools and Software Hardware Windows (XP, 7, 8) PC with available USB port MSP430F5529 Launchpad Software Already installed, if you Energia Download have installed CCSv5.x Launchpad drivers (Optional) MSP430ware / Driverlib Objectives Define ‘Arduino’ and describe what is was created for Define ‘Energia’ and explain what it is ‘forked’ from Install Energia, open and run included example sketches Use serial communication between the board & PC Add an external interrupt to an Energia sketch Modify CPU registers from an Energia sketch MSP430 Workshop - Using Energia (Arduino) 8 - 1 What is Arduino Chapter Topics Using Energia (Arduino) ............................................................................................................ -
Highrel PC/104 ISA, PCI & Pcie Modules and Systems
Copyright © 2010 RTD Embedded Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. All trademarks or registered trademarks are the property of their respective companies. RTD Embedded Technologies, Inc. Catch the Express! Left: a stellar PCI/104-Express IDAN® including dual, hot-swappable SATA drawers, a 1.86 GHz Intel® Core™ 2 Duo cpuModule™ and Controller with video ports, serial ports, gigabit Ethernet, Advanced Analog & Digital I/O ports, and an 88W high-efficiency power supply. Below: a sample of RTD’s Express offering. RTD is proud to lead the industry in PCI/104-Express selection and development. PCI/104-Express PCIe/104 with Dual Ethernet Intel® Core™ 2 Duo cpuModule™ Intel® Core™ 2 Duo cpuModule™ High-Speed Digital I/O Isolated Digital I/O 88W Power Supply SATA Drive Carrier Dual-Slot Mini PCIe 5-Port Ethernet Switch Dual Gigabit Ethernet PCI Express to PCI Bridge rights reserved. All Inc. Inc. the property of their respective companies. the property of their respective are Technologies, Embedded RTD The Leading Source for Express. 2010 Design, Engineering, Manufacturing & Tech Support Copyright © Copyright All trademarks or registered trademarks All trademarks or registered www.rtd.com AS9100 and ISO 9001 Certified [email protected] www.smallformfactors.com www.pc104online.com Volume 14 • Number 5 COLUMNS FEATURES 6 Small Form Factor SIG Enabling SFF systems: More than just CPUs 10 THE BIG YET SMALL PICTURE By Paul Rosenfeld Mission interoperable Achieving compatibility by 7 PC/104 Consortium Promotions and spec revisions on tap for standardizing -
Design Considerations When Using the MSP430 Graphics Library, and Provides an Example of Implementation and Optimization
www.ti.com 1 Trademarks MSP430, MSP430Ware are trademarks of Texas Instruments. Stellaris is a registered trademark of Texas Instruments. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. SLAA548–October 2012 1 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Application Report SLAA548–October 2012 Design Considerations When Using MSP430 Graphics Library Michael Stein ABSTRACT LCDs are a growing commodity in today’s market with products as diverse as children’s toys to medical devices. Modern LCDs, along with the graphics displayed on them, are growing in complexity. A graphics library can simplify and accelerate development while creating the desired user experience. TI provides the MSP430 Graphics Library for use in developing products with the MSP430™ MCU. This application report describes design considerations when using the MSP430 Graphics Library, and provides an example of implementation and optimization. Project collateral discussed in this application report can be downloaded from the following URL: www.ti.com/lit/zip/SLAA548. Contents 2 Introduction to the MSP430 Graphics Library............................................................................ 2 3 System Overview ............................................................................................................ 3 4 Hardware Implementation - LCD Bus Type .............................................................................. 4 5 Software Implementation- LCD Display Driver Layer .................................................................. -
16/32-Bit XC2238M, XC2237M
16/32-Bit Architecture XC2238M, XC2237M 16/32-Bit Single-Chip Microcontroller with 32-Bit Performance XC2000 Family / Base Line Data Sheet V2.1 2011-07 Microcontrollers Edition 2011-07 Published by Infineon Technologies AG 81726 Munich, Germany © 2011 Infineon Technologies AG All Rights Reserved. Legal Disclaimer The information given in this document shall in no event be regarded as a guarantee of conditions or characteristics. With respect to any examples or hints given herein, any typical values stated herein and/or any information regarding the application of the device, Infineon Technologies hereby disclaims any and all warranties and liabilities of any kind, including without limitation, warranties of non-infringement of intellectual property rights of any third party. Information For further information on technology, delivery terms and conditions and prices, please contact the nearest Infineon Technologies Office (www.infineon.com). Warnings Due to technical requirements, components may contain dangerous substances. For information on the types in question, please contact the nearest Infineon Technologies Office. Infineon Technologies components may be used in life-support devices or systems only with the express written approval of Infineon Technologies, if a failure of such components can reasonably be expected to cause the failure of that life-support device or system or to affect the safety or effectiveness of that device or system. Life support devices or systems are intended to be implanted in the human body or to support and/or maintain and sustain and/or protect human life. If they fail, it is reasonable to assume that the health of the user or other persons may be endangered. -
LIPPERT Coreexpress-ECO
PC/104 and Small Form Factors Resource Guide COM/SOM Processor boards/SBCs LiPPERT Embedded Computers Inc. 5555 Glenridge Connector, Suite 200 • Atlanta, GA 30342 404-459-2870 www.lippertembedded.com CoreExpress®-ECO The CoreExpress-ECO is an advanced Computer on Module (COM) implementation in a tiny 58 mm x 65 mm format. CoreExpress modules are legacy-free. Should an applica- tion require analog signals, these can be implemented on the carrier board. The Intel Atom processor with its low TDP leads to minimum cooling efforts. The module comes with up to 1 GB of soldered SDDR2 RAM, graphics, LVDS and SDVO display ports, and HD Audio. Two PCI Express FEATURES lanes are available for I/O and graphics. There are 8 USB 2.0 › Intel Atom processor ports, IDE, SDIO/MMC interface, SMBus, and LPC bus avail- › 512 MB, 1 GB, (2 GB opt.) SDDR2 soldered RAM able. All signals are available on a 220-pin connector. › 2x PCI Express lanes › SDIO/MMC › SMBus, GMBus/DDC, LPC bus CoreExpress-ECO features LiPPERT Enhanced Manage- › 2x graphics ports (LVDS and SDVO) ment Technology. It handles power sequencing and other › HD Audio housekeeping tasks, and provides a secure write- and clear- › 8x USB 2.0 protected Flash area for miscellaneous user information. › IDE An evaluation kit is available. › 5 V only supply, 5 W › Optionally extended temperature range -40 °C to +85 °C For more information, contact: [email protected] RSC# 37871 @ www.smallformfactors.com/rsc PC/104 and Small Form Factors Resource Guide EBX Advantech 38 Tesla, Suite 100 • Irvine, CA 92618 800-866-6008 www.advantech.com PCM-9588 The PCM-9588 is targeted at system integrators who want a modular solution with the low-power fanless features of the Intel® Celeron® M processor. -
Differences Between the TI MSP430 and MC9S08QE128 And
Freescale Semiconductor Document Number: AN3502 Application Note Rev. 0, 09/2007 Differences between the TI MSP430 and MC9S08QE128 and MCF51QE128 Flexis Microcontrollers by: Inga Harris 8-bit Microcontoller Applications Engineer East Kilbride, Scotland 1 Introduction Contents 1 Introduction . 1 From the RS08 to our highest-performance ColdFire® 2 Top Level Specification Comparison . 2 3 Module Comparisons. 3 V4 devices, the Controller Continuum provides 3.1 12-bit Analog to Digital Convertor (ADC). 3 compatibility for an easy migration path up or down the 3.2 Analog Comparators . 4 performance spectrum. The connection point on the 3.3 Real Time Counter / Clock (RTC) . 5 3.4 I/O and Keyboard Interrupts . 6 Controller Continuum is where complimentary families 3.5 Hardware Multiplier . 7 of the S08 and ColdFire V1 (CFV1) microcontrollers 3.6 Low Voltage Detect (LVD). 7 3.7 Timer . 8 share a common set of peripherals and development tools 3.8 Interrupt Request (IRQ). 9 to deliver the ultimate in migration flexibility. 3.9 Watchdog . 9 Pin-for-pin compatibility between many devices allows 3.10 Flash Comparison . 9 3.11 Communications Peripherals. 11 controller exchanges without redesigning the board. The 3.12 Debugger. 13 MC9S08QE128 and the MCF51QE128 are the first 4 Clock Generator Module . 14 4.1 Functional Differences. 17 products in this series known as Flexis. 4.2 Clock Modes . 18 4.3 Clock Gating . 18 The term Flexis means a single development tool to ease 5 CPU Cores . 19 migration between 8-bit (S08) and 32-bit (CFV1), a 5.1 CPU Performance . 19 common peripheral set to preserve software investment 5.2 CPU Modes .