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Judge Inés Mónica Weinberg De Roca, Presiding Judge Khalida Rachid Khan Judge Lee Gacuiga Muthoga International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda Tribunal pénal international pour le Rwanda UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES OR: ENG TRIAL CHAMBER III Before: Judge Inés Mónica Weinberg de Roca, presiding Judge Khalida Rachid Khan Judge Lee Gacuiga Muthoga Registrar: Adama Dieng Date: 18 December 2008 THE PROSECUTOR v. Protais ZIGIRANYIRAZO Case No. ICTR-01-73-T JUDGEMENT Office of the Prosecutor: Wallace Kapaya Charity Kagwi-Ndungu Gina Butler Iskandar Ismail Jane Mukangira Counsel for the Accused: John Philpot Peter Zaduk The Prosecutor v. Protais Zigiranyirazo, Case No. ICTR-01-73-T TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................... 4 1. THE TRIBUNAL AND ITS JURISDICTION ....................................................................... 4 2. THE ACCUSED ............................................................................................................ 4 3. INDICTMENT ............................................................................................................... 5 4. SUMMARY OF PROCEDURAL HISTORY ........................................................................ 5 5. OVERVIEW OF THE CASE ............................................................................................ 5 CHAPTER II: FACTUAL FINDINGS ....................................................................... 7 1. PRELIMINARY MATTERS ............................................................................................. 7 1.1. Judicial Notice ..................................................................................................... 7 1.2. Pending Motions .................................................................................................. 7 1.3. Allegations on which No Evidence was Presented ............................................. 7 1.4. Alleged Defects in the Indictment ....................................................................... 8 1.4.1 Law on Defects in the Indictment ................................................................ 8 1.4.2 Meetings ...................................................................................................... 9 1.4.2.1 Meeting at Presidential Residence in Kanombe, 6 April 1994 .............. 10 1.4.2.2 Meeting at Umuganda Stadium, April 1994 .......................................... 12 1.4.2.3 Meetings at Football Field in Nyundo, April 1994 ............................... 15 1.4.2.4 Meetings in Kiyovu, mid-April 1994 .................................................... 18 1.4.2.5 Regular Meetings in Gisenyi Préfecture ............................................... 19 1.4.2.6 Meeting in Giciye, 1992 ........................................................................ 20 1.4.3 Other Defects in the Indictment ................................................................. 20 1.4.3.1 Evidence of Conspiracy to Commit Genocide ...................................... 20 1.4.3.2 Kiyovu Roadblock ................................................................................. 22 1.5. Alibi ................................................................................................................... 24 1.6. Evaluation of Evidence ...................................................................................... 24 2. THE AUTHORITY OF THE ACCUSED ........................................................................... 26 2.1. Indictment .......................................................................................................... 26 2.2. Evidence ............................................................................................................ 26 2.3. Deliberations ...................................................................................................... 27 3. THE ACCUSED AND THE INTERAHAMWE ..................................................................... 28 3.1. Introduction ....................................................................................................... 28 3.2. Involvement in the Creation of the Youth Movement ....................................... 28 3.2.1 Indictment .................................................................................................. 28 3.2.2 Evidence .................................................................................................... 28 3.2.3 Deliberations .............................................................................................. 30 3.3. Ongoing Involvement ........................................................................................ 33 3.3.1 Indictment .................................................................................................. 33 3.3.2 Evidence .................................................................................................... 33 3.3.3 Deliberations .............................................................................................. 35 4. MEETINGS WHERE ATTACKS WERE PLANNED, ORGANISED AND FACILITATED ........ 36 4.1. Introduction ....................................................................................................... 36 4.2. Meeting at Presidential Residence in Kanombe, 6 April 1994 .......................... 37 Judgement 1 18 December 2008 The Prosecutor v. Protais Zigiranyirazo, Case No. ICTR-01-73-T 4.2.1 Evidence .................................................................................................... 37 4.2.2 Deliberations .............................................................................................. 37 4.3. Meeting at Umuganda Stadium, April 1994 ...................................................... 38 4.3.1 Evidence .................................................................................................... 38 4.3.2 Deliberations .............................................................................................. 39 4.4. Meetings at Football Field in Nyundo, April 1994 ........................................... 41 4.4.1 Evidence .................................................................................................... 41 4.4.2 Deliberations .............................................................................................. 42 4.5. Meetings in Kiyovu, mid-April 1994 ................................................................ 43 4.5.1 Evidence .................................................................................................... 43 4.5.2 Deliberations .............................................................................................. 43 4.6. Regular Meetings in Gisenyi Préfecture ........................................................... 46 4.6.1 Evidence .................................................................................................... 46 4.6.2 Deliberations .............................................................................................. 46 4.7. Meeting in Giciye, 1992 .................................................................................... 47 4.7.1 Evidence .................................................................................................... 47 4.7.2 Deliberations .............................................................................................. 47 5. ROADBLOCKS ........................................................................................................... 47 5.1. Introduction ....................................................................................................... 47 5.2. Giciye Roadblock and Roadblocks in Gisenyi Generally ................................. 48 5.2.1 Indictment .................................................................................................. 48 5.2.2 Evidence .................................................................................................... 48 5.2.3 Deliberations .............................................................................................. 51 5.3. La Corniche Roadblock, Gisenyi Town ............................................................ 55 5.3.1 Indictment .................................................................................................. 55 5.3.2 Evidence .................................................................................................... 55 5.3.3 Deliberations .............................................................................................. 56 5.4. Kiyovu Roadblock ............................................................................................. 57 5.4.1 Indictment .................................................................................................. 57 5.4.2 Evidence .................................................................................................... 58 5.4.3 Deliberations .............................................................................................. 62 6. MASSACRE AT KESHO HILL ...................................................................................... 67 6.1. Indictment .......................................................................................................... 67 6.2. Evidence ............................................................................................................ 68 6.3. Deliberations ...................................................................................................... 79 7. MASSACRE AT RURUNGA HILL ................................................................................. 88 7.1. Indictment .........................................................................................................
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