Global Corruption Report

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Global Corruption Report The private sector plays a pivotal role in fi ghting corruption worldwide. Transparency International’s Global Corruption Report 2009 documents in unique detail the many corruption risks for businesses, ranging from small entrepreneurs in Sub-Saharan Africa to multinationals from Europe and North America. More than 75 experts examine the scale, scope and devastat- ing consequences of a wide range of corruption issues, including bribery and policy capture, corporate fraud, cartels, corruption in supply chains and transnational transactions, emerging challenges for carbon trading markets, sovereign wealth funds and growing economic centres, such as Brazil, China and India. The Global Corruption Report 2009 also discusses the most promising tools to tackle corruption in business, identifi es pressing areas for reform and outlines how companies, governments, investors, consumers and other stakeholders can contribute to raising corporate integrity and meeting the challenges that corruption poses to sustainable economic growth and development. Transparency International (TI) is the global civil society organisation leading the fi ght against corruption. Through more than ninety chapters worldwide and an international secretariat in Berlin, Germany, TI raises awareness of the damaging effects of corruption and works with partners in government, business and civil society to develop and implement effective meas- ures to tackle it. For more information go to www.transparency.org. Global Corruption Report 2009 Corruption and the Private Sector TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL the global coalition against corruption CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521132404 © Transparency International 2009 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2009 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library ISBN 978-0-521-13240-4 ISSN 1749-3161 Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this book, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Edited by Dieter Zinnbauer, Rebecca Dobson and Krina Despota Every effort has been made to verify the accuracy of the information contained in this report, including allegations. All information was believed to be correct as of January 2009. Nevertheless, Transparency International cannot guarantee the accuracy and the completeness of the contents. Nor can Transparency International accept responsibility for the consequences of its use for other purposes or in other contents. Contributions to the Global Corruption Report 2009 by authors external to Transparency International do not necessarily refl ect the view of Transparency International or its national chapters. Contents Illustrations xi Contributors xiii Preface xvii Huguette Labelle Foreword 1 – Tackling corruption in business: profi table and feasible xix N. R. Narayana Murthy Foreword 2 – The role of the private sector in fi ghting corruption: essential for meeting local and global governance challenges xx Jomo Kwame Sundaram Acknowledgements xxii Executive summary xxiv Transparency International Part one: Corruption and the private sector 1 Introducing corruption and the private sector The scale and challenge of private sector corruption 3 Transparency International Beyond profi ts and rules: the moral case for business to fi ght corruption globally 11 Georges Enderle 2 Understanding the dynamics: examining the different types of business corruption Corruption inside the enterprise: corporate fraud and confl icts of interest 13 Dante Mendes Aldrighi Corruption in the value chain: private-to-private and private-to-public corruption 19 David Hess Small and medium enterprises: challenges in combating corruption 24 Elaine Burns v vi Contents Corruption in market competition: collusion and cartels 26 Pradeep S. Mehta Corrupting the rules of the game: from legitimate lobbying to capturing regulations and policies 32 Dieter Zinnbauer Corporate lobbying’s new frontier: from infl uencing policy-making to shaping public debate 39 David Miller View from the inside – Markets for carbon credits to fi ght climate change: addressing corruption risks proactively 41 Jørund Buen and Axel Michaelowa 3 The international dimension: corruption in a globalising and diverse economy Laying the foundations for sound and sustainable development: strengthening corporate integrity in weak governance zones 46 Georg Huber-Grabenwarter and Frédéric Boehm Corruption and bribery in the extractive industries 54 Gavin Hayman Foreign direct investment and global supply chains: do they spread or dilute corporate integrity? 57 Transparency International Strengthening compliance and integrity in the supply chain: what comes next? 63 Ayesha Barenblat and Tara Rangarajan When China goes shopping abroad: new pressure for corporate integrity? 67 Deborah A. Bräutigam Risky interstices: transfer pricing and global tax management 70 Sol Picciotto Where public and private merge: privatisation and corruption 75 John Nellis 4 Tackling corruption effectively: from corporate commitment to accountability View from the inside – Robust anti-corruption programmes in a high-performance with high integrity global company 81 Ben W. Heineman, Jr. The living business code: improving corporate integrity and reducing corruption from the inside 83 Muel Kaptein Contents vii From confl ict to alignment of interests: structuring internal corporate governance to minimise corruption risks 88 Dante Mendes Aldrighi New centres of economic power: new challenges and priorities for fi ghting corruption? Corporate governance and corporate integrity in India 97 Vikramaditya Khanna From voluntary commitments to responsible conduct: making codes and standards effective and credible 99 Alan Knight The role of investors in strengthening corporate integrity and responsibility 105 Dieter Zinnbauer View from the inside – How investors can boost anti-corruption efforts 110 Hans-Christoph Hirt and Jennifer Walmsley Sovereign wealth funds: a challenge for governance and transparency 112 Pierre Habbard Shedding more light on the transparency and accountability of sovereign wealth funds: ranking exercises 115 Transparency International 5 Towards a comprehensive business integrity system: checks and balances in the business environment The public rules for private enterprise: corporate anti-corruption legislation in comparative and international perspective 116 Indira Carr From rules to enforcement: regulators’ resources and enforcement action 123 Transparency International Smart enforcement: trends and innovations for monitoring, investigating and prosecuting corporate corruption 127 Cristie Ford Gatekeeping corporate integrity: the role of accountants, auditors and rating agencies 131 Transparency International Seeding corporate integrity: the challenges to accounting and auditing in Nigeria 136 Elewechi Okike Financial institutions and the fi ght against corruption 138 Gretta Fenner viii Contents Leveraging consumer power for corporate integrity 145 Oscar Lanza NGOs and corporate integrity: the tempo of effective action accelerates 149 Frank Vogl View from the inside – Shining the light on corporate wrongdoing: the role of business journalism 154 Rob Evans Tackling corruption risks in the defence sector: an example for collective action 156 Mark Pyman Part two: Country reports 6 Country perspectives on corruption and the private sector Introduction 163 Rebecca Dobson 6.1 Africa and the Middle East Burundi 166 Cameroon 170 Ethiopia 176 Ghana 180 Kenya 184 Lebanon 189 Morocco 195 Nigeria 200 Rwanda 204 Zimbabwe 207 6.2 Americas Argentina 212 Chile 217 Colombia 221 Nicaragua 227 Paraguay 230 Trinidad and Tobago 234 United States 238 Venezuela 243 Contents ix 6.3 Asia and the Pacifi c Bangladesh 247 China 253 India 258 Indonesia 262 Japan 267 Malaysia 271 Nepal 276 Pakistan 280 Papua New Guinea 285 Philippines 290 South Korea 295 Sri Lanka 300 6.4 Europe and Central Asia Armenia 305 Austria 310 Bosnia and Herzegovina 314 Finland 319 France 324 Germany 331 Greece 338 Hungary 343 Israel 348 Lithuania 352 Poland 357 Romania 362 Russia 368 Spain 372 Switzerland 377 United Kingdom 382 Part three: Research Introduction 391 Robin Hodess x Contents 7 Macro-perspective and micro-insights into the scale of corruption: focus on business Corruption Perceptions Index 2008 395 Johann Graf Lambsdorff Bribe Payers Index 2008 402 Juanita Riaño Corruption and post-confl ict peace-building 406 Susan Rose-Ackerman Public and private sector corruption in central and south-east Europe 409 Kristóf Gosztonyi and John Bray Corruption and the informal sector in sub-Saharan Africa 412 Emmanuelle Lavallée and François Roubaud Institutional determinants of corruption by Maghrebian fi rms 416 Clara Delavallade 8 Strengthening corporate integrity: empirical studies of disclosure, rule diffusion and enforcement Transparency in reporting on anti-corruption
Recommended publications
  • Informe Itiae Bride Democracia U Comunicación Prensa Obrera U Sindical Agencias Noticiosas
    www.flacsoandes.edu.ec REVISTA LATINOAMERICANA DE COMUNICACION Informe ITIae Bride Democracia u Comunicación Prensa Obrera u Sindical Agencias noticiosas Solé Díaz Bordenave Silva Somavía Vargas Pasquini ( II época ) DIRECTOR GENERAL DR. LUIS E. PROANO CONSEJO INTERNACIONAL DE REDACCION DR. LUIS RAMIRO BELTRAN LIC. ALBERTO MALDONADO Centro Internacional de Investigaciones para el Escuela de Ciencias de la Información Desarroll CIID - COLOMBIA Universidad Central de Quito - ECUADOR DR. MIGUEL DE MORAGAS SPA DR. PETER SCHENKEL ¡•acuitad de Ciencias de la Información Inundación l'riedrich Ebert en CIESPAL Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona - LSPAÑA LIC. MARCO ENCALADA DR. JOHN T. McNELLY Director Técnico de CIESPAL Universidad de Winsconsin - Madison DR. LUIS GONZAGA MOTTA DR A. CUMANDA GAMBOA DE ZELAYA Experto en Comunicación Social Decano de la Facuitad de Comunicación Fundación Friedrich Ebert en CIESPAL Unh'ersidad Estatal de Guayaquil - ECUADOR RAFAEL RONCAGLIOLO DR. EDUARDO CONTRERAS BUDGE Director de ILET - Instituto Latinoamericano Experto en Comunicación Social de Estudios Transnacionales - MEXICO. Fundación F’riedrich liberten CIES PAL DR. JOSE MARQUES DE MELO JOSE STEINSLEGER instituto Metodista de Ensino Superior E d itor / A sesor BRASIL Fundación Friedrich Ebert en CIESPAL COMITE EDITORIAL JOSE STEINSLEGER DR. PETER SCHENKEL LIC. MARCO ENCALADA Edición, Redacción y Diseño Gráfico Universidad Autónoma del Caribe CORRESPONSALES Universidad de Sao Paulo * María Nazareth Fcrreira Ana Leticia Valle C. Facultad de Comunicación Social
    [Show full text]
  • Collective Action Dynamics in Urban Neighborhoods: a Study of Urban Community Gardens Nishesh Chalise Washington University in St
    Washington University in St. Louis Washington University Open Scholarship Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations Arts & Sciences Winter 12-15-2015 Collective Action Dynamics in Urban Neighborhoods: A Study of Urban Community Gardens Nishesh Chalise Washington University in St. Louis Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds Recommended Citation Chalise, Nishesh, "Collective Action Dynamics in Urban Neighborhoods: A Study of Urban Community Gardens" (2015). Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 641. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/641 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Arts & Sciences at Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST. LOUIS Brown School of Social Work Dissertation Examination Committee: Gautam Yadama, Chair Aaron Hipp Peter Hovmand Shanta Pandey Jason Purnell Collective Action Dynamics in Urban Neighborhoods: A Study of Urban Community Gardens by Nishesh Chalise A dissertation presented to the Graduate School of Arts & Sciences of Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2015 St. Louis, Missouri © 2015, Nishesh Chalise Table of Contents List of Figures ...............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 8,283,294 B2 Kastrup Et A]
    US008283294B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 8,283,294 B2 Kastrup et a]. (45) Date of Patent: Oct. 9, 2012 (54) METHOD FOR CLONING COGNATE FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS ANTIBODIES FR 2724393 3/1996 W0 WO 92/15678 Al 9/1992 (75) Inventors: Jesper Kastrup, Stenlose (DK); Lars S. W0 WO 93/03151 Al 2/1993 Nielsen, Niva (DK); Per-Johan Meijer, W0 WO 93/20227 A1 10/1993 Copenhagen (DK) W0 WO 94/08008 Al 4/1994 W0 WO 95/20401 Al 8/1995 (73) Assignee: Symphogen A/S, Lyngby (DK) W0 WO 96/08564 Al 4/1996 W0 WO 98/57994 A2 12/1998 ( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this W0 WO 99/16904 Al 4/1999 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 W0 WO 99/29888 Al 5/1999 U.S.C. 154(b) by 122 days. W0 WO 01/89563 A1 11/2001 W0 WO 01/92291 A2 12/2001 (21) Appl.No.: 12/074,066 WO 2004/003019 * 6/2004 (22) Filed: Feb. 29, 2008 W0 WO 2004/061104 A2 7/2004 (65) Prior Publication Data W0 WO 2005/042774 A2 5/2005 W0 WO 2006/007850 Al l/2006 US 2008/0227660 A1 Sep. 18, 2008 W0 WO 2006/007853 A2 l/2006 W0 WO 2007/003041 Al l/2007 W0 WO 2007/101441 Al l/2007 Related US. Application Data W0 WO 2007/065433 A2 6/2007 (60) Provisional application No. 60/904,772, ?led on Mar. OTHER PUBLICATIONS 5, 2007. Rudikoff et al (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1982 vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Overview of Morocco
    Talk to JETRO First OVERVIEW OF MOROCCO 2018, November Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO) Daisuke Mizuno 0 Copyright©2018 JETRO All right reserved. 禁無断転載 CONTENTS Keywords to understand Morocco Strategic positioning of Morocco Moroccan trade relations ◆ Morocco basic information ◆ Language / cultural affinity ◆ FTA exceeding 50 countries, future ◆ Four points to understand Morocco ◆ Regional hub expansion ◆ Effect of FTA (export) Economic scale and growth rate of Morocco Japanese companies entering Morocco ◆ Effect of FTA (Import) ◆ Morocco: Steady economic management ◆ around 50 companies already present ◆ The impact of the agricultural sector ◆ Morocco largest foreign employer Business challenges in Morocco ◆ Bilateral agreement (investment, tax) ◆ Language wall Investment environment in Morocco ◆ Expatriate daily life infrastructure Morocco security, business environment ◆ Comparison of countries (wages, site fee, rent) ◆ Safety information ◆ Comparison of countries (public utilities, ◆ Terrorist related information transportation costs) ◆ Business environment evaluation ◆ Comparison of countries (corporate tax, income ◆ Foreign capital inflow trend tax, various taxes) Morocco's trade trend Business environment in Morocco ◆ Major trading partners ◆ Major export free zone in Morocco ◆ Major trade items ◆ Tanger Free Zone (TFZ) ◆ Casablanca Finance City (CFC) ◆ Kenitra Free Zone (AFZ) ◆ Casablanca Free Zone (MIDPARC) 1 Copyright©2018 JETRO All right reserved. 禁無断転載 Key points to better understand Morocco ① Civil affairs and society Stability ② Strong security system ① Constitutional ③ long-term thinking for Policies and monarchy businesses ④ Political democratization after the Arab Spring ① Omnidirectional diplomacy ② Balanced ② Share same religion and business Diplomacy and Africa- languages as West Africa Oriented ③ King's religious authority ④ Return to the AU (From Jan 2017) ③ Successful of Population 34,85 Million Person (2017) industrial promotion ① Export industry: automotive, aircraft etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Cameroon – Researched and Compiled by the Refugee Documentation Centre of Ireland on 4 March 2011
    Cameroon – Researched and compiled by the Refugee Documentation Centre of Ireland on 4 March 2011 What information is there on police corruption, specifically politically motivated corruption, within Cameroon? The 2011 Committee to Protect Journalists annual report on Cameroon states: “Cameroon, which has Central Africa's largest economy, was among the 35 worst nations worldwide on Transparency International's 2010 Corruption Perception Index, which ranks nations on government integrity.” (Committee to Protect Journalists (15 February 2011) Attacks on the Press 2010 – Cameroon) A country profile of Cameroon published on the Business Anti-Corruption Portal website, in a section titled “Political Climate”, states: “Cameroon's President and leader of the ruling Cameroon People's Democratic Movement (CPDM), Paul Biya, has been in power since 1982, having been re­ elected for a new seven-year term in 2004 with more than 70% of the vote. International observers note that the President's many years with a tight grip on power have facilitated high levels of corruption, nepotism and cronyism that have fuelled extensive patronage systems. The President's ethnic group, the Beti-Bulu, is overrepresented in the government, in the military, as civil servants and in the management of state-owned companies. This feeds a system of endemic graft and ethnic clientelism in an administration that includes more than 60 ministries. Ministerial posts are considered part of the patronage system rather than a rational legal system, and the embezzlement of public funds at high levels of the state hierarchy continues. Public aversion with corruption is growing and, according to Transparency International's Global Corruption Barometer 2009, corruption is perceived to be widespread within the judiciary, political parties, customs, the police, and among civil servants in general, with 55% of the citizens claiming to have paid a bribe in the 6 months prior to the study.
    [Show full text]
  • Turmoil in Zimbabwe's Mining Sector
    All That Glitters is Not Gold: Turmoil in Zimbabwe’s Mining Sector Africa Report N°294 | 24 November 2020 Headquarters International Crisis Group Avenue Louise 235 • 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 • [email protected] Preventing War. Shaping Peace. Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. The Makings of an Unstable System ................................................................................ 5 A. Pitfalls of a Single Gold Buyer ................................................................................... 5 B. Gold and Zimbabwe’s Patronage Economy ............................................................... 7 C. A Compromised Legal and Justice System ................................................................ 10 III. The Bitter Fruits of Instability .......................................................................................... 14 A. A Spike in Machete Gang Violence ............................................................................ 14 B. Mounting Pressure on the Mnangagwa Government ............................................... 15 C. A Large-scale Police Operation .................................................................................. 16 IV. Three Mines, Three Stories of Violence ..........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Metaphor of Salt Voters in the Political Landscape of Mamfe During Elections in Cameroon Since 1990
    Social Science Review Volume 2, Issue 1, June 2016 ISSN 2518-6825 Enjoying the Booty and Compromising the Future: The Metaphor of Salt Voters in the Political Landscape of Mamfe during Elections in Cameroon Since 1990 Martin Sango Ndeh1 Abstract The political landscape in Cameroon in the 1990s witnessed a transition to multiparty democracy from a single party system. This new era came with its own positive as well as negative virtues of political participation. The fragile nature of democracy which was characterized by the lack of good will to create institutions that will guarantee fair play and a level playing ground for all the political party contenders paved the way for electoral fraud and other vices that are repugnant to the democratic culture. Parties were not formed based on ideology but on regional, ethnic and other undemocratic principles. The government even played a major role in ensuring that some pro-government opposition parties were created so as to penetrate and weaken the strength of the opposition. This was just one of the awful mechanisms that were put in place by the government to offset the balance, jeopardize the foundation of democracy and to maintain the status quo in favour of the incumbent. Apart from granting sponsorship to some opposition leaders the government and the ruling party in some circumstances out rightly bought the people’s conscience in some areas. The government and the ruling party are used inter-changeably in this paper because it is difficult to separate the government from the ruling party particularly when it comes to distinguishing government funds from party funds.
    [Show full text]
  • Access Final Report Reformattedx
    Evaluation of the English Access Microscholarship Program FINAL REPORT December 2007 Prepared for: U.S. Department of State Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs Office of Policy and Evaluation Evaluation Division 2200 C Street NW Washington, D.C. 20522-0582 [email protected] Prepared by: Aguirre Division of JBS International, Inc. 5515 Security Lane, Suite 800 Rockville, MD 20852 Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................. vi Program Description & History ................................................................................................................. vi Effectiveness of the Access Program ....................................................................................................... vi Evaluation Findings ................................................................................................................................. vii Evaluation Purpose & Goals ..................................................................................................................... ix Evaluation Methodology .......................................................................................................................... ix Overall Evaluation Conclusions ................................................................................................................. x Recommendations ..................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Operating in Insecure Environments
    Operating in Insecure Environments Jane Nelson Senior Fellow and Director, Corporate Social Responsibility Initiative John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University August 2006 ⎪ Working Paper No. 25 A Working Paper of the: Corporate Social Responsibility Initiative A Cooperative Project among: The Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business and Government The Center for Public Leadership The Hauser Center for Nonprofit Organizations The Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy Citation This paper may be cited as: Nelson, Jane. 2006. “Operating in Insecure Environments.” Corporate Social Responsibility Initiative Working Paper No. 25. Cambridge, MA: John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. Comments may be directed to the author. This paper was prepared for the Brookings-Blum Roundtable, “Breaking the Poverty- Insecurity Nexus,” held in Aspen, Colorado, on August 2-4, 2006. Corporate Social Responsibility Initiative The Corporate Social Responsibility Initiative at the Harvard Kennedy School of Government is a multi-disciplinary and multi-stakeholder program that seeks to study and enhance the public contributions of private enterprise. It explores the intersection of corporate responsibility, corporate governance and strategy, public policy, and the media. It bridges theory and practice, builds leadership skills, and supports constructive dialogue and collaboration among different sectors. It was founded in 2004 with the support of Walter H. Shorenstein, Chevron Corporation, The Coca-Cola Company,
    [Show full text]
  • The 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) Scandal: Exploring Malaysia's 2018 General Elections and the Case for Sovereign Wealth Funds
    Seattle Pacific University Digital Commons @ SPU Honors Projects University Scholars Spring 6-7-2021 The 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) Scandal: Exploring Malaysia's 2018 General Elections and the Case for Sovereign Wealth Funds Chea-Mun Tan Seattle Pacific University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.spu.edu/honorsprojects Part of the Economics Commons, and the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Tan, Chea-Mun, "The 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) Scandal: Exploring Malaysia's 2018 General Elections and the Case for Sovereign Wealth Funds" (2021). Honors Projects. 131. https://digitalcommons.spu.edu/honorsprojects/131 This Honors Project is brought to you for free and open access by the University Scholars at Digital Commons @ SPU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Projects by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ SPU. The 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) Scandal: Exploring Malaysia’s 2018 General Elections and the Case for Sovereign Wealth Funds by Chea-Mun Tan First Reader, Dr. Doug Downing Second Reader, Dr. Hau Nguyen A project submitted in partial fulfillMent of the requireMents of the University Scholars Honors Project Seattle Pacific University 2021 Tan 2 Abstract In 2015, the former PriMe Minister of Malaysia, Najib Razak, was accused of corruption, eMbezzleMent, and fraud of over $700 million USD. Low Taek Jho, the former financier of Malaysia, was also accused and dubbed the ‘mastermind’ of the 1MDB scandal. As one of the world’s largest financial scandals, this paper seeks to explore the political and economic iMplications of 1MDB through historical context and a critical assessMent of governance. Specifically, it will exaMine the economic and political agendas of former PriMe Ministers Najib Razak and Mahathir MohaMad.
    [Show full text]
  • U4 Helpdesk Answer
    U4 Helpdesk Answer U4 Helpdesk Answer 2020:5 20 March 2020 AUTHOR Sub-Saharan Africa: Jorum Duri, Transparency International Overview of corruption [email protected] and anti-corruption REVIEWED BY Monica Kirya, U4 Across sub-Saharan Africa, many countries are making considerable progress towards the vision of a democratic, [email protected] prosperous, and peaceful continent outlined in the African Union’s Agenda 2063. However, gains are threatened by high Matthew Jenkins, Paul Banoba, levels of corruption. Alongside the problem of petty bribery, Mokgabo Kupe, Samuel Kaninda, Transparency International which is extensive in some parts of the region, the interrelated phenomena of fragility, crony capitalism, and [email protected] poor governance have resulted in shocking forms of corruption, notably state capture. In response, countries have enacted various anti-corruption legal instruments. Regional organisations, civil society, and the media are also tackling the problem head-on. Helpdesk Answers are tailor-made research briefings compiled in ten working days. The U4 Helpdesk is a free research service run in collaboration with Transparency International. Query Please provide an overview of the nature of corruption in sub-Saharan Africa, with a particular focus on state capture and fragility, as well as the anti-corruption activities of relevant regional organisations. Contents MAIN POINTS — Global governance indices suggest that 1. Overview of corruption in sub-Saharan Africa the public sector in sub-Saharan Africa is 2. Nature of corruption challenges the most corrupt of any region in the 3. Overview of anti-corruption frameworks in world. Many citizens believe that levels sub-Saharan Africa of corruption have increased in recent 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Und Fremdsprachiger Tageszeitungen Im Internet
    Analyse des Angebots deutsch- und fremdsprachiger Tageszeitungen im Internet Diplomarbeit im Fach Mediendokumentation Studiengang Informationsmanagement Fachhochschule Stuttgart - Hochschule für Bibliotheks- und Informationswesen - Andrea Salecker, Stutensee Erstprüferin: Prof. Susanne Speck Zweitprüferin: Dr. Ulrike Höflein, SWR Baden-Baden ausgearbeitet in der Zeit vom 01. August 2000 bis zum 02. November 2000 Stuttgart, 02. November 2000 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 WICHTIGE FAKTOREN DES INTERNETS................................................... 7 1.1 ZEITUNGSVERLAGE UND DAS INTERNET .............................................................. 7 1.2 IST DAS INTERNET EIN MASSENMEDIUM?........................................................... 7 1.3 INTERNET-DIENSTE ................................................................................... 8 1.4 WAS BIETET DAS INTERNET?......................................................................... 9 1.5 INFRATEST-STUDIE ..................................................................................11 1.6 TECHNISCHE VORAUSSETZUNGEN FÜR DEN INTERNET-ZUGANG ..................................12 1.7 MÖGLICHKEITEN DES INTERNET-ZUGANGS .........................................................12 1.8 VORAUSSETZUNGEN FÜR DAS PUBLIZIEREN EINER ZEITUNG IM WWW..........................14 1.9 E-ZINES...............................................................................................15 2 ONLINE-PUBLISHING VON ZEITUNGEN ................................................ 16 2.1 VERÖFFENTLICHUNGSMÖGLICHKEITEN...............................................................16
    [Show full text]