1979, Having En 1979 La Revue Entre Dans Sa 31E Année

(former title • INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS (ancien titre : ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES)

31th year 31e année

UIAs periodical celebrates its 3lth anniversary in 1979, having En 1979 la revue entre dans sa 31e année. changed its name from « International Associations » to « Trans- L'année 1977 a vu le changement de titre de notre Revue « As- national Associations» in 1977, in order to reflect the trans- sociations Transnationales » au lieu d' « Associations interna- national nature of nonprofit associations (INGOs) by using more tionales ». appropriate terminology. Our informed readers will have ap- Le fait transnational des associations non lucratives (OING) le preciated our intention to give a good example of conceptual voulant ainsi, nos lecteurs n'ont pas été surpris que nous don- clarity. nions le bon exemple d'un langage clair.

La raison principale d'« Associations Transnationales » est d'ap- The purpose of « Transnational Associations » is to present signi- porter sa contribution à la vie et au développement du réseau ficant contributions to understanding about the structure and complexe des associations, dans ses structures comme dans son functioning of the complex network of international organiza- fonctionnement. tions. The main concern is to focus attention on the roles and problems of the wide variety of transnational associations Le premier souci d' « Associations Transnationales . est de fixer (NGOs : international nongovernmental, nonprofit organizations) l'attention sur les tâches et les problèmes d'un large éventai! d'as- in the international community. In this sense - Transnational sociations transnationales sans but lucratif — les organisations Associations » is the periodical of transnational associations and dites non-gouvernementales dans la terminologie des Nations those interested in them. It therefore includes news, stu- Unies. En ce sens « Associations Transnationales » est la tribune dies, statistics, activity and meeting information, as well as des associations transnationales et de tous ceux qui s'y intéressent. articles. The articles range from descriptions of individual orga- Cette revue mensuelle contient des nouvelles, des études, des nizations to academic investigation of groups of organizations statistiques, des informations spécifiques sur les activités des and their problems. The focus of the selected articles is less on associations, leurs congrès, leurs réunions. Aussi des articles, the substantive world problems on which they may act (which are des chroniques ayant trait aux problèmes et aux intérêts com- extensively examined in other periodicals) and more on the pre- muns aux associations. sent methods of international action and future alternatives which can usefully be envisaged and discussed. Related themes Le sujet des articles choisis s'attache surtout à la méthode de regularly treated are : relationship of NGOs to intergovernmen- l'organisation internationale considérée notamment dans ses tal organizations, techniques of meeting organization, internatio- rapports avec le secteur privé des associations et dans la perspec- nal information systems, multinational enterprises. tive des adaptations nécessaires aux temps nouveaux, plutôt qu'au fond des problèmes, qui sont le propre de chaque groupement et traités ailleurs dans des revues générales ou specia- The readership therefore includes : international association lisées. executives, intergovernmental organization executives, scholars of the sociologe of international action, organizers of interna- Nos thèmes habituels sont les relations,des ONG avec les orga- tional meetings, commercial organizations offering services to nisations intergouvemementales, les techniques de l'organisation international bodies, and others interested in the activities of the internationale, les systèmes d'information internationale, outre whole range of international organizations. les enterprises multinationales.

« Associations Transnationales » est l'organe de l´UAI, associa- - Transnational Associations - is the organ of the nonprofit Union of International Associations, although the views expressed soient pas nécessairement celles de cet Institut. are not necessarily those of the UIA.

TRANSNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS : 31th year. 1979 ASSOCIATIONS TRANSNATIONALES: 31e année. 1979 The subscription rate is : BF 850. or equivalent, per year Le prix de l'abonnement est de: FB 850, ou équivalent, (10 issues) + postage. par an (10 numéros) + Frais de port.

Method of payement : Mode de paiement à utiliser : Bruxelles: Compte-chèque postal n° 000-0034699-70 ou Genève: Compte courant n° 472.043.30 Q à l'Union des Compte n° 210-0451651-71 à la Société Générale de Ban- Banques Suisses. que, 48 rue de Namur, 1000 Bruxelles. London : Crossed cheque to Union of International Asso- ciations, 17, Anson Road, London N7 ORB. Boulevard Haussmann, 6-8 (C.C.P. de la Banque n° 170.09).

Copyright 1979 UAI ISSN-0020-6059 Copyright 1979 UAI ISSN-0020-6059 Views expressed in the articles whether signed or not, do not necessarily reflect those Les opinions Exprimées dans les articles, signes ou non, ne reflètent pas necessare- of the UAI ment les vues de l'UAI

TRANSNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS. 3-1979 61 Sommaire /Contents

UNION DES ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES Mars 1979-n°3 UNION OF INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS

COMITE DE DIRECTION March EXECUTIVE COUNCIL

Président : Président : FA CASADIO. Directeur. Societa ltaliana per l´Organizzazione Internationale (Italie) Vice-Présidents: Vice-Presidents : Editorial : Propos et à propos du Forum 64 Mohamed AIi RIFAAT (A.R.E.) Former Secretary-General of the Afro-Asian Orga- La CIDSE - Coopération Internationale pour le Développement nisation for Economic Cooperation. S.K. SAXENA (India) Socio-Economique par E.H. Quérin 66 Director of the International Coopérative Alliance L'Association Internationale de Développement Rural -AIDR 73 Trésorier Général : Treasurer General : Paul E. HIERNAUX (Belgique) The historical file of the world forum of international/ Président de la Conférence Permanente des Chambres de Commerce et d'Industrie de la Com- transnational associations munaute Economique Européenne Membres: Members: Introduction by R. Fenaux 75 The UAI, its origin, aims, first activities by G.P. Speeckaert 77 Letter of invitation to the World's congress of F.W.G. BAKER (U.K.) Executive Secretary, International Council Of international associations, Brussels 1910 83 Scientific Unions. Luis G. de SEVILLA (Mexique) Programme of the congress of 1910 84 Président Doyen de l'Académie mexicaine de Droit international. NGO operational tasks and problems: A checklist for improving Mahmoud FOROUGHI (Iran) Ambassadeur. Directeur de l'Institut des Affaires efficiency and effectiveness by D.H. and B. Smith 89 internationales au Ministère des Affaires etrangè- res d´Iran Les OING du Droit : Johan GALTUNG (Norvège) Association Internationale des Magistrats de la Jeunesse 95

Director. Goals Processus and Indicators Project. La Société Internationale de Droit du Travail et de la United Nations University. Sécurité Sociale 96 Nikola A. KOVALSKY (URSS) Directeur adjoint de l'Institut du Mouvement La Commission Consultative des Barreaux de la Communauté Ouvrier International de l'Académie des Sciences de l'URSS. Européenne 96 Marcel MERLE (France) The augmentation of international conferences through Jef RENS (Belgique) Président du Conseil National du Travail. computer communications by G. and M.R. Leet 97 Andrew E. RICE (U.S.A.) Executive Secretary of the Society for International 2nd supplement to the Yearbook of International Development. Organizations- 17th edition 101 Secrétaire Général : Secretary-General : Robert FENAUX (Belgique) 2nd supplement to the International Congress Calendar, Ambassadeur honoraire. 19th edition - 1979 107 « ASSOCIATIONS TRANSNATIONALES » « TRANSNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS» Redaction/Editorial

Robert FENAUX Georges Patrick SPEECKAERT

Published MONTHLY by MENSUEL publié par Union of International Associations - UAI (founded 1910) Union des Associations Internationales - UAI (fondée an 1910)

Editorial and Administration : Rue aux Laines 1, 1000 Brussels (Belgium) Editeur responsable: R. Fenaux, 1, rue aux Laines, 1000 Bruxelles Tel. (02)511.83.96. (Belgique). Tél. (02) 511.83.96.

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TRANSNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS. 3-1979 63 Editorial Bruxelles 1980

PROPOS ET A PROPOS DU FORUM

Le dessein d'un Forum mondial appliqué L'événement n'aura en effet de sens et au fait associatif dans sa portée transna- de raison que dans les bornes de la fonc- tionale vient à propos, au moment histori- tion de l'UAI, centre d'études, de recher- que d'une société en changement, d'un ches, de documentation, agissant objec- ordre mondial en question, d'une organi- tivement au service des intérêts communs sation internationale en revision, alors aux associations. Ce domaine circonscrit que de nouveaux rapports de forces nos travaux autour des principes du fait impliquent désormais le réseau universel associatif, dans sa portée internationale des associations non-gouvernementales et transnationale, et de la méthode de la d'appellation internationale. participation à l'organisation internationale et a l'ordre mondial. S'il nous fallait une preuve de cette opportunité, nous la trouverions dans Dans un monde plein de dangereuses notre courrier quotidien de réponses équivoques de langage, qui seront d'ail- empressées à notre appel aux associa- leurs le sujet de notre commission de la tions (OING) qui, d'un peu partout dans le communication transnationale pour ce monde, nous proposent des réunions qui nous concerne, il nous appartient de complémentaires au cadre du Forum donner le bon exemple de la clarté et de pour étudier divers aspects de la problé- la compétence. A chacun son rôle et matique associative. Où l'on voit que le l'acte sera bien joué. risque de notre entreprise est d'abon- dance plutôt que de pénurie.

Mais sur ce parterre d'associations, qui doivent rendre le Forum foncièrement Pour parler clair, nous répétons volon- expressif, sinon intégralement représenta- tiers que notre Institut de statut indépen- tif du réseau mondial des organisations dant ne connaît d'impératif moral que les non-gouvernementales qui se comptent buts et principes de la Charte des maintenant par plusieurs milliers, ger- Nations Unies avec tout ce que cela ment déjà les premières pousses de nos implique de respect de l'homme et des démarches de collaboration auprès de toutes les personnes qui ont leur mot à hommes, ce qui nous situe du côté de la dire dans notre propos : théoriciens, pra- solidarité humaine et sociale et dès lors, ticiens, auteurs, professeurs, Experts de par référence aux soucis majeurs de la matière associative ou dirigeants notre temps, nous attache aux idéaux et d'organisation internationale publique et aux œuvres de paix, de sécurité, de coo- privée, à tous ses niveaux, universel, pération, de justice, d'autodétermination, spécialisé ou régional. de développement global et. pour repren- dre les termes mêmes de la Charte, du Continuant la métaphore, nous dirions « respect des droits de l'homme pour que la floraison du Forum et sa moisson tous sans distinction de race, de sexe, de dépendront d'abord de la stricte détermi- langue ou de religion ». nation de son objet et puis d'une bonne discipline d'approche et de travail de son programme.

Il y a heureusement un bel éventail d'associations « internationales ». aux cent actes divers, pour traiter de ces

64 ASSOCIATIONS TRANSNATIONALES. 3-1979 sujets : associations pour la paix, la Reste la méthode de travail proprement Des rapporteurs instruits en chacun de sécurité, la coopération, le droit, les dite, visant à atteindre le mieux les fins ces secteurs concourreront objective- mesures humanitaires, ta protection de du Forum. Nous voyons trois stades: le ment à cette sorte d'enquête intellec- l'homme et de la nature, la non-discrimi- premier, de préparation documentaire, déjà tuelle préalable au Forum, une enquête nation raciale, le développement écono- en cours; le second, de débats, le moment que nous voulons largement ouverte à mique et social, la promotion scientifique, venu de juin 1980; le troisième, de recueil toutes les disciplines associatives et la diffusion de l'information et de la docu- des documents et débats qui en consti- bien entendu soucieuse de toutes leurs mentation et tant d'autres soucis à tueront les Actes finaux. tendances. dimension mondiale. De même avons-nous demandé aux Alfred Sauvy. dans son ouvrage sur l'opi- Au stade préparatoire, les associations, organisations intergouvernementales nion publique, qui date des années 1960, déjà sommairement informées du thème ayant institué un statut consultatif cite comme premières manifestations général et des sujets du Forum, et inté- d'organisations non-gouvernementales d'une opinion mondiale après la dernière ressées à l'être davantage à mesure de de nous faire connaître leurs points de guerre, la décolonisation et la lutte son élaboration, comme aussi les per- vue sur leurs expériences de la consulta- contre le racisme. L'éminent sociologue sonnes qualifiées pour nous aider dans tion, sa valorisation possible et son notre effort, sont conviées à y participer, français ajouterait sans doute extension à d'autres formes de participa- dès maintenant, par leurs idées et leurs aujourd'hui le mouvement de défense tion imaginables et déjà réalisées dans propositions, notamment sous la forme des droits de l'homme et de promotion certaines institutions. de notes et de communications desti- humaine par le développement économi- nées aux dossiers du cadre du Forum et que et social. susceptibles d'être publiées dans notre Revue sans préjudice de la publication Nous sommes ici en plein réseau démo- finale des Actes de l'événement. En outre cratique des forces associatives, indé- il nous a semble répondre au vœu de pendantes, volontaires, désintéressées connaissance et d'information des asso- au sens non lucratif du terme. Mais il va Mais en définitive, quel que puisse être ciations « internationales » en établis- l'effort organisateur de l´UAI, le Forum de sans dire et il ira peut-être mieux en sant un plan sectoriel de leurs activités. disant que notre Forum ne peut pas être 1980 sera ce que les tenants de la pen- la tribune de ces aspirations et de ces sée et de l'action associatives voudront bien nous aider à en faire, en nous revendications de la société contempo- A l'impossible de les appréhender prati- apportant spontanément tous les raine et que l´UAI, puissance invitante et quement toutes par des rapports indivi- concours que nous sollicitons de leur organisatrice, se bornera à ce qui est de duels, comme ce fut le cas au premier part avec la plus grande ouverture son ressort : considérer les droits, les congrès mondial de 1910 quand elles d'esprit. devoirs et l'apport social du réseau des n'étaient que deux ou trois cents, nous associations - internationales » dans avons regroupé un certain nombre de l'accomplissement de leurs diversités. grands secteurs qui présenteront un panorama d'ensemble de la vie associative. Robert FENAUX

TRANSNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 3-1979 65 Alphabétisation per école radio - Pays Adins - Bolivia. Photo: C.I.R. I.C. Genève

66 ASSOCIATIONS TRANSNATIONALES, 3-1979 Coopération et développement

LA CIDSE

par E.H. Querin (*)

Née au Congrès Eucharistique Mondial - Fastenopfer der schweizer katholiken - L'Assemblée Générale se réunit tous les de Munich en 1960, reprise au Concile Suisse. trois ans. Elle définit les Principes et Vatican II en 1964 à l'initiative du Cardi- - Koordinierungsstelle fur internationale Objectifs de la CIDSE et en établit les nal Frings. Archevêque de Cologne, entwicklungsforderung - Autriche. orientations générales. l'idée d'établir un lien entre les organisa- - Lembaga penelitian dan pembangu- tions catholiques de Promotion Humaine nam sosial - Indonésie. est devenue une réalité par la création en - Misereor - Allemagne. 1967 de la CIDSE (Coopération Interna- - Nordisk katolsk utvecklingshjaelp - Le Comité Directeur tionale pour le développement socio- Pays Nordiques. Se réunit au moins une fois l'an et est économique). - Pastoral social - Panama. composé de représentants nommés par - Secretariado de cooperacion al desar- les organisations membres. Il est essen- La CIDSE se définit comme « un Groupe rollo - Espagne. tiellement responsable de la fixation des de Travail International composé - Social and economic development politiques et stratégies sur base des d'actions nationales de Carême et centre - Sri Lanka. orientations générales établies par d'autres organisations d'aide et de déve- - Tanzania episcopal conference - Tan- l'Assemblée Générale. En particulier il loppement reconnues par leurs Confé- zanie. définit les programmes communs de coo- rences Episcopales respectives » (1 ). - Trocaire - Irlande. pération (Programme de Travail annuel et Budget) et décide des démarches d'admission de nouveaux membres. Constituée à ses débuts par 7 organisa- Membres consultatifs : tions d'Europe et d'Amérique du Nord, - Bischofliche aktion advenial - Allema- elle en compte aujourd'hui 24 dont 8 du gne. Le Bureau Tiers Monde : - Caritas internationalis - Italie. Elu par l'Assemblée Générale pour une - Cebemo - Hollande. - Bisschoppelijke vastenaktie - Hollande période de 3 ans, est composé du Prési- - Bridderlech delen - Luxembourg dent, du Vice-Président, du Modérateur - Développement et paix - Canada et de 5 représentants des organisations - Catholic council of Thailand for deve- membres : lopment - Thailand - M. Menotti Bottazzi - C.C.F.D. - France - Catholic fund for overseas develop- - Président. ment - Angleterre Pour une meilleure compréhension du - Catholic relief services - U.S.C.C. - texte qui suit, il convient de présenter U.S.A. très brièvement la structure actuelle de la - Christian action for development in the CIDSE. • Secrétaire Général de la Coopération Internationa te Caribbean - Jamaïque - Christian service committee of the La CIDSE a le statut consultant auprès de l'ECOSOC churches in Malawi - Malawi. L'Assemblée générale de la FAO et de l'UNCTAD. Elle a des relations de tra- - Commission on social service and vail avec I´UNESCO et l'OIT. Elle est membre du Constitue la plus haute instance de la Conseil Pontifical COR UNUM. Elle entraient enfin des development - Rhodésie. CIDSE. Elle est composée de trois délé- relations étroites avec la Conférence des Organisa- - Comité catholique contre la faim et gués accrédités par les organisations tions internationales Catholiques (CIC) et avec le pour le développement - France. membres dont le représentant de la Conseil Œcuménique des Eglises (C.M.C.. CCPD, - Entraide et fraternité/broederlijk delen Conférence Episcopale de chaque pays CICARWS) - Belgique. membre. (1) - Principes et Objectifs - de la CIDSE - § 1

TRANSNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 3-1979 67 Coopération et développement

- R.P. J. Fernando - Sedec - Sri Lanka - blissement de la politique de développe- tionales gouvernementales et non gou- Vice-Président. ment et de coopération interne de la vernementales y compris les organisa- - Mgr. Marcos McGrath - Pastoral social CIDSE. C'est dans leur sein que sont tions internationales catholiques. - Panama - Modérateur. échangées les informations que possède chaque organisation sur la situation dans - M. R. Quinlan - C.R.S. - U.S.A. - Tréso- les différents pays, sur les partenaires et rier. les projets. Ce sont également eux qui - M. Willem Kreeftmeijer - Bisschoppe- ébauchent les priorités géographiques et lijke vastenaktie - Hollande. sectorielles communes aux membres et Instrument de travail de la CIDSE, son - M. Jacques Champagne - Développe- les projets conjoints. Les Groupes Conti- Secrétariat, non opérationnel, est essen- ment et paix - Canada. nentaux se réunissent trois fois par an. tiellement centré sur les Services aux - Dr. Meinrad Hengartner - Fastenopfer organisations membres. der schweizer katholiken - Suisse. - Le Service d'enregistrement des pro- - Mgr. Léo Schwarz - Misereor - Allema- Le Groupe Education jets concentre toutes les données sur gne. au Développement les demandes reçues par les organisa- Le Bureau est l'organe de gestion de la tions membres, en établit des statisti- CIDSE. Il donne les directives pour le tra- A pour objectif la recherche des voies et moyens de sensibiliser les opinions ques géographiques et sectorielles et, vail du Secrétariat et des Groupes de publiques des différents pays des organi- rôle essentiel, en effectue sur Travail et en contrôle les activités. Le sations membres aux problèmes du Tiers demande une analyse critique permet- Bureau se réunit au moins trois fois par Monde. L'échange bilatéral et multilatéral tant de relever et d'éventuellement an. de matériel éducatif ainsi que la produc- corriger la politique de développement tion conjointe de celui-ci est en partie le suivie. résultat de l'existence de ce groupe. - Le Service de Documentation et Les Groupes Continentaux d'Information qui reçoit actuellement (Afrique - Asie - Amérique Latine), réu- les publications les plus intéressantes nissent les responsables continentaux et Le Groupe Relations sur l'ensemble des problèmes du déve- régionaux des départements de projet loppement socio-économique et a des organisations membres. Bien qu'ils Internationales structuré organiquement un réseau n'aient aucun pouvoir de décision, ces Est responsable de l'établissement des d'information avec les partenaires de la groupes jouent un rôle capital dans l'éta- relations avec les organisations interna- CIDSE.

Assemble Générale de la CIDSE tanue à Panama du 9-14 février 1978

68 ASSOCIATIONS TRANSNATIONALES. 3-1979 Coopération et développement

- Le Secrétariat publie un Bulletin et tes aux droits de la personne les ressources nécessaires à la coopé- effectue des études sous forme de humaine. ration et aux programmes d'éducation documents de travail. d) La coopération au développement mentionnés ci-dessus. - Plateforme de concertation, il prépare sera conduite sans distinction de - L'étude des modes de planification, les différentes sessions des organes race, de sexe, de nationalité ou de d'exécution et d'évaluation qui permet- statutaires. conviction religieuse. tent d'adapter la coopération aux cir- constances et caractéristiques natio- - Le Secrétariat assure enfin, à la e) Toute initiative ou effort pour le déve- nales et locales de chaque pays et demande des membres, leur représen- loppement respectera, outre le prin- d'améliorer conjointement le niveau tation auprès de toute institution inter- cipe de subsidiarité, le droit de cha- matériel et la situation sociale des nationale gouvernementale ou privée. que individu et peuple à déterminer populations. lui-même son propre destin. Il ne peut - Un échange d'informations et une y avoir de véritable promotion concertation dans le domaine des pro- humaine sans la participation des jets, en vue d'une plus grande effica- Dans le respect de l'autonomie de cha- peuples intéressés : ceux-ci doivent cité des programmes de développe- cun de ses membres et du pluralisme être les agents de leur propre déve- ment. indispensable à l'établissement de rela- loppement. tions internationales efficaces, la CIDSE s'est donné une double finalité : Ces principes trouvent leur expression - de participer à la promotion d'un déve- concrète dans les objectifs permanents Instrument de coopération que ses orga- loppement humain intégral dans le res- que se sont fixés les membres de la nisations membres ont voulu dynamique pect de la conception originale que CIDSE: et flexible, la CIDSE s'est efforcée depuis chaque peuple se fait de son dévelop- - La promotion et l'intensification de ses origines d'adapter ses activités aux pement; l'éducation au développement afin de susciter dans leurs populations res- réalités politiques, économiques et - d'éveiller dans leurs propres pays la pectives une prise de conscience des sociales qui gouvernent la Coopération conscience des populations par une problèmes et des besoins, de favoriser au Développement. éducation centrée sur le développe- la compréhension de leurs causes Quelque exemples de ce constant souci ment de « tout l'homme et de tous les réelles et d'inciter les chrétiens à leur hommes » (2). d'adaptation ont été implicitement expo- donner une réponse courageuse et sés ci-dessus. Basée sur les exigences de l'Evangile efficace qui aille aux racines du mal. Rappelons : et de l'Enseignement de l'Eglise - La création de fonds d'aide par des - L'ouverture de la CIDSE - exclusive- l'action de la CIDSE veut apporter une campagnes de Carême et autres ment composée à ses débuts par des contribution à l'institution d'un «ordre moyens adéquats permettant de réunir politique, social et économique qui soit membres « donateurs » du Premier au service de l'homme et qui permette à chacun, à chaque groupe, d'affirmer sa dignité et de la développer » (3). Dans ses activités, la CIDSE obéit aux principes suivants : a) La coopération entre partenaires sera conduite sur la base du respect de la dignité et des droits de l'homme et des peuples selon toutes leurs dimensions : le développement est un processus intégral qui ne se réduit pas à la croissance économique. b) L'effort pour le développement humain intégral ne peut se limiter à l'action sur les effets du sous-déve- loppement : c'est dans ses causes que le sous-développement doit être surmonté; cette action passe aussi par les nécessaires transformations de structures internationales et nationales; ces dernières étant essentiellement l'affaire de chaque peuple concerné. c) Peuvent être partenaires en coopéra- tion tous ceux qui. dans leurs propres réalités, sont engagés dans la promotion humaine et qui veulent mettre en commun leurs efforts selon les perspectives ci-dessus définies et en particulier les plus pauvres, ceux qui doivent lutter pour leur promotion inté- grale, ceux qui sont victimes d'attein-

(2) Populorum Progressio. (3) Gaudium et Spes - Art 9. Appui aux organisations populaires de base : ferme modela pour une ligua agraire en Amérique du Sud. Photo C.I.R.I.C., Genève,

TRANSNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 3-1979 69 Coopération et développement

Monde - à des organisations du Tiers Le « Programme de Partenariat » prévoit à moyen et long terme sur base de Monde. les mesures suivantes : priorités géographiques et sectorielles; - L'insertion de l'Education au Dévelop- L'Assemblée Générale se réunira alter- - un séminaire sur la politique de déve- pement, considérée désormais comme nativement tous les 3 ans dans un conti- loppement au Chili. un des volets essentiels de la coopéra- nent différent. tion, dans les finalités premières de la Dans le cadre sectoriel : un séminaire sur CIDSE. centrée initialement sur le les « Ecoles-Radiophoniques », et des Le Comité Directeur se réunira en prin- journées d'Etudes sur les problèmes de financement de projets de développe- cipe annuellement dans un continent dif- la Santé Publique dans le Tiers Monde. ment socio-économique. Soulignons fèrent. en outre, l'extension des activités de la De leur côté les groupes continentaux se CIDSE à la promotion et à la défense Ces réunions seront précédées par : réuniront autant que possible, une fois des Droits de l'Homme. - un programme de visites (Exposure par an dans leurs continents respectifs. Mais c'est indiscutablement l'adoption Programme) qui conduira les partici- Ils traiteront de problèmes concrets de en janvier 1978 d'un «Programme de pants aux endroits les plus caractéris- développement soit géographiques Partenariat » qui constitue l'exemple le tiques des conditions de vie des popu- (concernant un pays ou un groupe de plus significatif de l'évolution de la CIDSE lations pauvres du pays où se tient la pays donnés) soit sectoriels (coopèrati- et l'événement le plus marquant de son session et les confrontera aux « orga- visme, développement rural, etc...). existence. nisations de base » les plus représen- Ce programme a un double objectif : tatives; Il va de soi que ces groupes seront en - permettre aux organisations membres outre étroitement intègres à l'ensemble - un séminaire ou des journées d'études du « Premier Monde » d'être confron- des activités prévues dans le Programme centrées sur des thèmes spécifiques tées directement, physiquement pour- de Partenariat. du Continent ou du pays hôte. rait-on dire, avec les « réalités des Pays du Tiers Monde » et éviter ainsi Des personnes « ressource » et les par- un courant de coopération à sens uni- tenaires les plus significatifs des pays du que, teinté de « paternalisme occiden- continent Ou du pays visités participeront tal -. serait-il involontaire. aux réunions. - Permettre aux organisations membres Il est enfin important de souligner que et aux partenaires du « Tiers Monde », C'est ainsi qu'en janvier 1978. l'Assem- lors de sa session de Bangkok, le Comité dans le cadre d'un dialogue continu, de blée Générale se réunissait pour la pre- Directeur a étudié - nouvelle étape de participer à l'élaboration d'une concep- mière fois depuis la fondation de la l'évolution de la CIDSE - les possibilités tion commune du développement CIDSE hors d'Europe, à Panama. Des d'étendre les relations « structurelles » humain, à l'établissement de priorité visites à des villages et des bidonvilles et de la CIDSE à des organisations autres géographiques et sectorielles et à une des réunions avec des coopératives, que les « Campagnes de Carême », cel- meilleure sélection des projets qui y ligues agraires et « associations de voi- les-ci demeurant les membres de plein correspondent. sins » ont été effectuées. Les thèmes droit. présentés par des spécialistes du Conti- « Après plus de 10 ans d'activité et nent concernaient: Il est possible que dans un avenir plus ou d'expériences, les membres de la CIDSE moins proche, un statut particulier de sont convaincus de la nécessité de ren- - « Les dimensions pastorales du déve- membre sera établi pour des organisa- forcer leurs relations sur une base d'éga- loppement socio-économique ». tions d'action pastorale, de co-finance- lité et pour un meilleur service à la Pro- - « Le rôle des organisations de base ment, des centres d'études et de recher- motion Humaine » (4). dans la Promotion Humaine ». ches et des « partenaires de base » : Telle est l'introduction que l'Assemblée Le Comité Directeur s'est réuni à Bang- ligues agraires, clubs de femmes, associations de voisins, etc... Générale a formulée pour précéder le kok en décembre 1978. Il a été précédé Programme de Partenariat. par des visites aux Philippines, Indonésie En d'autres termes, ce Programme et Vietnam et a traité de : exprime la volonté commune d'établir un - - Le Partenariat des Eglises locales Partenariat fondé sur la flexibilité dans le développement ». qu'exigé une adaptation constante aux Concluons cet expose par un aperçu de - « Quelques réalités sociales, économi- intérêts et besoins sentis de tous les par- la coopération financière apportée par la ques et politiques en Asie ». tenaires actuels et futurs et aux circons- CIDSE :cfr. annexe. tances de temps et de lieu. Des participants des Organisations - « Organisation en évolution constante, Le Partenariat est donc un effort pour Catholiques Internationales (JOC - nul ne peut prévoir quel sera le visage de dépasser les relations donateur-bénéfi- FIMARC, etc...) et d'organisations de la CIDSE dans les années à venir. Un ciaire qui ont prévalu dans la première base urbaines et rurales de différents aspect en demeure certain : la voiontè décade de la CIDSE. Le Partenarait est pays du Tiers Monde ont participé à ces commune d'éviter que « l'innovation une recherche d'un dialogue authentique réunions. d'hier ne devienne l'orthodoxie où chacun respecte la spécificité, l'origi- d'aujourd'hui et l'anachronisme de nalité, l'identité de l'« autre » en vue demain » (5). d'une tâche commune à réaliser ensemble.

Le Programme de Partenariat est un Dans le cadre du « Programme de Parte- (4) A.G. Vllème session - Panama -10/14 janvier 1978 essai pour y parvenir et. comme tout nariat - le Programme de Travail 1979 Procès-verbal - page 11. essai il ne sera exempt ni de tâtonne- prévoit les activités suivantes : 151 Déclaration du Président du Conseil des Ministres ments, ni d'hésitations ni sans doute de - une réunion avec les différents « parte- certains échecs. ACP (PEERCIVAL J Patterson - Ministre des Affaires naires » des pays du Sahel en vue Etrangères de la Jamaïque) a l'occasion de l'ouverture d'établir un programme de coopération des négociations d'un accord qui pourrait taire suite a la Convention de Lome (Maison ACP - 24 juillet 1978)

7O ASSOCIATIONS TRANSNATIONALES, 3-1979 Coopération et développement

Le groupe CIDSE a appuyé, au cours des Répartition par année des projets approuvés de 1969-1975 années 1969-1975. 25.570 projets représentant un montant de 297.290.460 dollars répartis comme suit : Année Nombre de projets Montant en dollars

Cette contribution du groupe CIDSE qui a 1969 3.007 25.888.000 augmente de 250 % ces 7 dernières années est répartie entre plus de 100 1970 3.024 36.351 .800 pays en voie de développement dont le 1971 3.444 32.530.000 tableau ci-dessous donne la répartition 1972 2.920 28.007.020 par continent. 1973 4.073 50.917.361 A ces efforts, il faut ajouter la contribu- 1974 4.346 57.743.769 tion non inclue dans ce tableau de 1975 4.756 65.852.510 150.000.000 dollars par an des Catholic TOTAL 25.570 297.290.460 Relief Services (Etats-Unis), également membre de la CIDSE.

Sur base de leur propre collecte et d'une subvention du gouvernement américain, les C.R.S. soutiennent par des dons en espèces et en nature, des programmes de développement dans le Tiers Monde.

Il reste à noter l'apport de CEBEMO (Pays-Bas) - Centrale voor Bemiddeling bij Medefinanciering van Ontwikkelings- programma's - et Zentralstelle fur Ent- Répartition par continent du nombre de pays ayant bénéficie wicklungshilfe (R.F.A.) qui s'élève à 163.871.421 dollars pour 1.350 projets. d'une subvention du Groupe CIDSE Ces deux organismes catholiques dispo- sent de subventions de leurs gouverne- Année Afrique Am. Lat. Asie Océanie TOTAL ments respectifs et travaillent en étroite collaboration avec la CIDSE. 1969 43 30 24 6 103 On peut donc conclure que l'ensemble des organisations (les C.R.S. exclus) ont 1970 41 29 25 9 104 engagé 461.161.881 dollars pour le 1971 43 30 26 7 106 financement de 26.920 projets. 1972 43 29 26 6 104 1973 46 33 29 8 116 1974 49 31 28 8 116 Répartition sectorielle 1975 49 29 26 7 113 Cinq grands secteurs de développement ont surtout retenu l'attention des organisations CIDSE comme l'indique le tableau ci-dessous :

L'éducation formelle occupe la première place mais il faut souligner que les éco- les professionnelles ont absorbé 31.09 % (soit 19.867.279 dollars) du montant attribué à ce secteur. Cette formation visait surtout les jeunes les moins favorisés des quartiers popu- Répartition par secteur pour les années 1972-1975 laires des grandes villes ou les jeunes du milieu rural. Secteur en dollars % Un effort particulier a été fait pour l'édu- cation et la formation des bases populaires, soit ouvrières, soit rurales: 19,10% Education formelle 63.899.895 21.45 du montant total ont été retenus à cet Education non formelle 56.567.148 19,05 effet. Dans le domaine de la santé, priorité fut (éducation de base) accordée pendant les dernières années Santé 56.279.681 . 18,95 à la médecine préventive et à l'adduction Activités sociales d'eau potable. et économiques 42.899.026 14.45 Ainsi, en 1969, 14,87 % du secteur santé Agriculture 40.578.292 13,65 (soit 734.700 dollars) furent réservés Autres secteurs 37.066.418 12.45 pour des initiatives dans ce domaine; en 1975, le pourcentage s'élève à 34,39 % TOTAL 297.290.460 100,00 soit 3.426.765 dollars.

TRANSNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 3-1979 71 Coopération et développement

Répartition géographique Répartition pour les 14 pays prioritaires, de la contribution accordée de 1969 à 1975

Au cours de ces ? dernières années. Ses Pays Nombre Montant % liens de coopération ont été établis avec plus de 100 pays, Néanmoins 50 % de la de projets en dollars somme totale a été destinée à 14 pays considérés prioritaires. AFRIQUE

Cameroun 587 5.669.248 1,90 Kenya 618 8.307.080 2.79 Nigeria 508 11.506.179 3.87 Ces multiples engagements dans des Tanzanie 564 7.170.647 2,41 pays fort différents ont créé un nouveau Zaïre 1.014 10.181.000 3.42 modèle de relations : la relation donateur-bénéficiaire s'estompe pour faire AMERIQUE LATINE place à une participation commune à une Argentine 432 4.253.565 1.43 œuvre d'ensemble. La nécessité d'être Brésil 2.763 24.911.804 8.37 partenaire à part égaie dans une cause Chili 496 5.746.304 1.93 commune se fait jour et des nouvelles formes de coopération s'esquissent. Colombie 454 4.507.858 1,51 Pérou 448 6.310.710 2,12 ASIE Corée du Sud 395 5.443.457 1.83 De plus en plus, des projets individuels Inde 3.202 38.307.939 12,80 sont remplacés par des programmes Indonésie 906 8.977.249 3.01 modestes, il est vrai, mais à travers ces Philippines 648 8.173.533 2,74 nouvelles expériences une nouvelle approche du développement se dessine TOTAL 13.035 149.466.573 50,20 et une prise de conscience de la globalité de l'œuvre à entreprendre se manifeste. I

Appui aux organisations populaires de base : ferme modela pour une ligue agraire en Amérique du Sud. Photo C.I.R.J.C., Genéve

72- ASSOCIATIONS TRANSNATIONALES. 3-1979 A.I.D.R.

L'ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE DE DEVELOPPEMENT RURAL

Statut et objectifs concerné, ce qui implique une recherche 4. L'installation de populations migran- permanente des technologies les plus tes et de réfugiés dans de nouveaux appropriées. périmètres agricoles : études techni- L'A.I.D.R, est une organisation non-gou- En raison de son souci d'assurer un ques, économiques et financières; vernementale, opérationnelle fonction- développement global, l'A.I.D.R. intervient organisation des transports: installa- nant sans poursuivre de but lucratif. Elle dans les secteurs les plus divers de tion des nouveaux colons et assis-. souscrit des contrats avec des institu- l'économie et fait appel à une réserve de tance pendant les premières années tions internationales (B.I.R.D., B.A.D., spécialistes particulièrement polyvalente tant au plan matériel (distribution de F.E.D.. H.C.R., UNICEF, etc.), des gouver- au point de vue technique. vivres de soudure) que technique et nements et d'autres O.N.G., en vue de commercial (vente de cash crops, participer au développement économique organisation de coopératives com- et social des populations rurales. merciales, etc..,); création d'une Sa méthodologie se caractérise par : Principaux domaines infrastructure, de pistes, bâtiments, - la promotion socio-économique de d'interventions etc... groupes et d'individus indépendam- 5. Le développement régional global : programmation du développement ment de toute idéologie politique ou L'expérience de l'A.I.D.R. s'applique aux global avec le concours des paysans confessionnelle; domaines suivants : concernes, et aide à la réalisation - le choix de ses techniciens et consul- 1. L'hydraulique en milieu rural - politi- sous tous ses aspects (voir 4). tants qui sont engagés en fonction de que de l'eau : adductions d'eau pota- 6. Le développement de l'élevage, y leurs capacités professionnelles et de ble, gestion et entretien de ces adduc- compris par des fermes-pilotes procé- leur adhésion à une recherche de tech- tions (y compris le traitement de dant par échange de bétail avec les nologies appropriées. l'eau); études et dossiers techniques, éleveurs environnants; amélioration économiques et financiers: captage de la race, couverture sanitaire, fabri- de sources et de rivières: forage de cation et commercialisation de pierres puits; formation de fontainiers, etc... à lécher. Mode d'intervention 2. La construction en milieu rural et 7. Les études : en liaison avec les sec- l'habitat: réalisation d'écoles, de dis- teurs précédents, ou même en dehors pensaires, de bâtiments administratifs L'A.I.D.R. concentre son action dans le d'eux, l'A.I.D.R. dispose d'experts en et d'habitat amélioré par l'encadre- milieu rural mais pas exclusivement dans programmation du développement et ment et la formation d'artisans et de le secteur agricole. Sa conception » glo- en évaluation des projets. petits entrepreneurs nationaux, ruraux bale » des actions entreprises lui font 8. En matière d'énergie. l'A.I.D.R. effec- replacer ces dernières dans le contexte ou urbains; recours à une technologie adaptée; mise en valeur maximale des tue actuellement des essais d'appli- socio-économique complet du milieu cation et de vulgarisation de l'énergie humain bénéficiaire (souci du développe- matériaux locaux; enseignement rapide de ces techniques aux artisans solaire, de production de gaz méthane ment intégrant) - ce pourquoi elle à partir de déchets organiques, de s'associe dès le début aux structures locaux ou à des paysans non formés au départ. fumier, d'algues et autres végétaux en locales existantes apportant son appui à utilisant les résidus comme engrais. des équipes de responsables locaux ou, 3. La promotion de la petite et moyenne entreprise : formation d'artisans D'autres sources d'énergie, comme la a défaut de celles-ci, en participant à leur tourbe, font l'objet d'études prépara- création et à leur formation. Ses techno- ruraux et d'entrepreneurs, tant au point de vue technique que de la ges- toires. logies sont adaptées aux vœux et aux Janvier 1979 aptitudes réelles du milieu humain tion commerciale.

TRANSNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 3-1979 73 Modern and ancient Brussels. Photo Inbel

74 ASSOCIATIONS TRANSNATIONALES. 3/1979 Background to 1980 forum

WORLD FORUM OF

international organization in all its fields and in all its forms » and effort was directed towards a form of international organization combining States and Asso- ciations. «The constituting elements of international organization are Nations on ASSOCIATIONS the one hand, and international associations on the other», (conclusions of the general report 1910).

To be objective, yesterday was also the Under the High Patronage of His Majesty the King of the Belgians time of a certain altruism, the term of French philosopher Auguste Comte, founder of a western school of positivist Brussels 23 - 27 June 1980 sociology. As such it implied much for that time as a moral concept, charged with good inten- tions and a sense of disinterested human solidarity from a European centre THE HISTORIAL FILE OF THE FORUM and perspective.

Today an international system has « The commemoration of the founding of the Union of International been established world-wide, however it Associations at the Brussels World Congress of 1910 evokes the pio- is to be assessed. As such it corre- neer days of international co-operation when private impetus bravely sponds to a certain extent, but only to a points the way to a world organization of nations ». certain extent, to be idea and efforts of the founding fathers of the UAI. In a U Thant sense the official network of international Secretary General of the United Nations universal, specialized and regional or- (1961-1972) ganizations assumes currently the func- Introduction The present condition of international relations, whether public or private, results from a relatively recent historical past. It seemed essential in the preparation of our 1980 world Forum to follow back the evolution of the century through the two wars to the first World Congress of Inter- national Association as a point of departure at which was born the Union of Inter- national Associations. The historical file which we open here, with extracts from a study published by G P Speeckaert in 1970 on the occasion of the 60th Anniversary of the UAI, shows the distance and the difference which separate the first world associative assembly of 1910 from that of 1980.

Yesterday, before the era of international Organization, it was a vertibale or- ganically associative congress, which considered itself to be a continuing body. It was a congress of leaders of international associations, whether official or private, requested to report on the variety of activities : juridical, economic, professional and scientific. The general objective of the Congress was » the study of

TRANSNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 3-1979 75 Background to 1980 Forum

The first World Congress of International Associations as a point of departure (9 - 11 May 1910)

tion hoped for at the time of the first ution of the consultative function despite guish what has been achieved from what - continuing - Congress of 1910. the fact that the general interest de- remains to be achieved, what proved to As to the other part, namely to the private mands its amendment in the absence of be only of passing interest as opposed to transnational network of nonprofit asso- any possible revision. what remains of continuing interest. ciations, the Charter of the United Na-. This situation will be one of the major The 1980 Forum will be the occasion for tions gave them a role by recognizing the concerns of the 1980 Forum and the an expression of recognition and grati- innovative principle of consultation and unique occasion for associations to make tude to the founding fathers of interna- by establishing to that end a « consulta- known their views, even before the de- tional organization for their world vision tive status » which has been developed bate which, needless to say, will not be their consciousness of human solidarity within the framework of the Economic able to bring them all together. But the and their presentiment of universal inter- and Social Council and within the Spe- conclusions of the debate can at least be dependence. But when a Paul Otlet, aged cialized Agencies. communicated to them and to interact by international activity, assessed the Some thirty years of experience of this with us by correspondence to the extent achievement of his life by writing - consultative status » permit an evalua- desired. « Monde » in 1935, even if he could not tion of its methods and results which are The 1980 Forum is, at the other end of imagine the rapid evolution of the centu- satisfactory from some points of view and the century, the democratic pathway ry, at least he knew that history in its much less so from others, according to « from international to transnational ». continuing evolution is a succession of the political climate and the type of asso- Our historical file constitutes the best of moments and that it is right to enact in. ciation affected. There is little risk of con- guides as much for the organizers and time the necessary changes. tradiction if one notes that in any case a conceptual framers of the Forum as for Thus the organizers and participants of veritable participation is still some dis- the participants of every kind and disci- the 1980 Forum will honor the memory of tance away, with a few exceptions. How- pline. their predecessors by moving steadily ever, the proposed restructuring of the Reprinted here are successively: the let- forward on a broad front towards the new United Nations towards a new economic ter of invitation to the 1910 Congress, its dimensions and components of the inter- order under the banner of development, programme presented as a continuing national order of the present time. indicate the strong possibility of a dimin- activity. Readers will be able to distin- R.F.

The Atomium. emblem of the 1958 World's Fair, remains on the sights of Brussels. Photo: Inbel

76 ASSOCIATIONS TRANSNATIONALES. 3-1979 Background to 198O forum

THE UNION OF INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS

Its origin, aims and first activities (1907-1944)

by Georges Patrick Speeckaert

INTRODUCTION I. ITS AIMS tions, a reception was held at the Socio- logical Institute in Brussels. Mr. Maxweil- er, Director of the latter, gave a lecture on The first few international organizations Sociology came into being gradually shortly after the relationship between sociology and the Congress of Vienna: only six were In 1907 Cyrille Van Overbergh, Director internationalism, in which he stated : created between 1815 and 1849, and General of Higher Education, Science « Sociology is the study of life. There can twenty-nine between 1850 and 1869. and Literature of the Belgian Ministry of be no possibility of a social world without Science and Art, and Director of the « In- providing for some form of organization, The number of international congresses ternational Sociological Movement ». and consequently sociology is very close held during the same periods was four- wrote in the preface to a survey on « In- to internationalism, both in practice and teen and one hundred and twenty-two ternational Association ». published by in theory. There is growing concern about respectively. the Belgian Sociological Society: what the people will be like in respect of whom the laws are being made; a policy Then the movement began to speed up. « Among the various social structures, based on science should end up by inter- Yet, in 1900, there were still only 208 in- there is one which is capturing the atten- nationalising the effort ». ternational organizations, 186 of which tion of the civilized world to a growing were established in Europe, 17 in North extent; it is developing and growing un- America. 2 in South America, 2 in Asia, der our very eyes, with a speed and fertil- and 1 in Afrika. Twelve per cent of them ity that prove its response to a growing were intergovernmental bodies. need: this is the international association in the present-day sense of the term, The four years 1900 to 1904 witnessed one of the most characteristics expres- the founding of 61 other international sions of solidarity among nations and, non-governmental organizations - which one might say, the compound essence of were known as international associations the concept of internationalism in its until the United Nations came into exis- highest and most fruitful expression ». tence in 1945 - and 5 more intergovernmental bodies. During the period 1905- 'Here we should pause a moment at the 1909. the figures were 131 and 4 respec- word internationalism, which is now ob- tively; from 1910 to 1914, they were 112 solete, but which was widely used in the and 4. first documents published by the UAI.

It was only from 1904 on that the annual A recent and fascinating neologism, to number of international congresses final- the intellectual elite of the early twentieth ly rose to more than one hundred. Today century it recalled a notion of a newly (1970), it is in excess of 4,000 a year. It born civilization, a new organization of should also be remembered that through- society. It was also used to designate out the pre-1914 period. Belgium was the « the study of international affairs and main host country of the international their organic coordination ». Auguste Beernaert. Minister of State. Chairman of the movement, and alone welcomed one-qu- Interparliamentary Union, winner of the Nobel Peace arter - and sometimes even one-third - of The following fact seems to me to be a Prize in 1909. Chairman of the 1 st World Congress of International Associations, in Brussels in 1920. the international organizations. In 1914 revealing one. On 6th May 1910. in ho- their number stood at about 500; today it nour of the people participating in the 1 st is about to pass the figure of 3.000, ten World Congress of International Associa- per cent of which are of the intergovern- tions which was to lead to the foundation Extracts from a glance at sixty years of activity of UAI mental kind. of the Union of International Associa- (1910-1970)

TRANSNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 3-1979 77 Background to 198O forum

To the founders of the UAI. « internation- the vital value and grandeur of each na- « It is through increasingly close contacts alism is a science insofar as it observes tion; it does not seek to abolish the between nations, the pooling of their ex- and theorises international affairs: it is a homelands, but rather, through the accu- perience and achievements, that interna- social doctrine insofar as it attempts to mulated effect of work in common, tionalism will achieve its greatness and point up the aims which should be as- through the regular exchange of their strength. Thus, from all the reconciled, signed to the human society, to search output, to ensure that they enjoy greater united national civilizations, a universal for the means of achieving those aims wellbeing and security. In actual fact, in- civilization will gradually develop ». and to express them in rules; it is an art ternationalism is a higher, nobler form of and a social policy insofar as it attempts patriotism ». The fundamental concept which led to to apply those rules and to convert its the institution of the UAI is clarified as precepts into practice ». In this passage, which was intended to follows in the same report of the 1913 refute such accusations as « enemies of Congress : And as they assigned to the UAI the task the nations ». « traitors to their country » of assessing and describing the degree which were then being hurled against the « The effort must first be directed tow- of internationalism prevailing throughout internationalists, the concept of co-oper- ards the development of the International the world, they gave it the aim of pointing ation in development will not fail to strike Associations as these constitute the so- up a concept of internationalism and a the reader. cial structure which best responds to the programme for its implementation. organizational needs of the universal so- Similarly, in the report of the 2nd World ciety ». A fairly detailed document published in Congress of International Associations, August 1921 clarifies the concept nota- held in Ghent and Brussels in 1913, we It seems interesting to linger awhile over bly by indicating that « internationalism is read that : « The Congress has also dis- these concepts which may seem rather opposed to other doctrines » such as - sipated the last lingering doubt that may outmoded today, but which, at the time and we quote from the actual text - « the still have existed in some minds regard- when the UAI came into existence, were militarist philosophy which is convinced ing the possibility of combining the legiti- the subject of great controversy. Even in mate interests of nationalism with those of the necessity and the beneficial char- those days it was necessary to restate of internationalism. Far from aiming at a acter of opposition between States, a them since, as Guizot said, « yesterday's colourless, levelling brand of cosmopoli- theory which leads to war; the » statist history is the least known and this morn- theory » which raises the State to the tanism, internationalism - of which the Congress is the organic expression - ing's the soonest forgotten ». But those rank of supreme expression of the social quotations are still extraordinarily topical, ideal and the maintenance and develop- rests on the existence of the national communities themselves. It respects both as to the thought and the way in ment of its strength to the status of su- which it is expressed in words such as preme purpose, as also the extension of them and would like to see them develop, just as within a single nation it is permis- welfare, well-being, security, united civili- its territory and authority; the « national- zations, development. ist theory - which rests on narrow patrio- sible to hope for the development of the various communities of which it consists tism and leaves no room for reasoning, and the human individuals who are part It was also necessary to quote these ex- which admires one particular nation to •of those communities cepts from the numerous texts on the the exclusion of all others and is con- subject published by the UAI in order to vinced of the providential nature of one make for a better understanding of the particular State's mission in the world ». fundamental concept which brought the Yet we should add at once that this UAI into existence, and which is set out brand of internationalism was designed as follows in the report on its 1913 Con- to be quite different from unitary « cos- gress : mopolitanism » which regarded the whole of mankind as a single social community « To accomplish these tasks, a central irrespective of national groupings. body is necessary. This body is the Union of International Associations with its On the first page of the 1908-1909 edi- World Congress, a representational and tion of the - Annuaire de la Vie Interna- debating organization, and its executive tionale ». in an article entitled « Interna- body the Central Bureau ». tionalism as a Science», Alfred Fried wrote : - Internationalism as a science is Documentation of very recent origin. It is based on the Especially during the period preceding concept of international co-operation the foundation of the UAI, it was con- considered from the standpoint of its sidered that one of the important tasks of causes and its essence... Internationa- the international associations was to en- lism, as it appears today, is far from seek- sure that documentation on matters coming the mechanical blending of individual ing within their competency should be nations or the abolition of peoples and established and organized on a universal homelands. Quite the contrary : it is based on nations and homelands and basis. derives from these formations the One might even say that the basis for the strength and basis for its existence. By increasingly close relations between the uniting the isolated nations in a common international associations, and which led task aimed at attaining a superior culture, to the creation in 1908 of the Central Bu- and to ensure a more effective represen- reau of International Associations (which tation of the individual interests of all became the UAI Secretariat after 1919) homelands, internationalism first wishes was their concern to arrive at an efficient to help in the progressive development of organization of documentation accruing those homelands, the advancement of from the international associations by re- lying on the services of the International

78 ASSOCIATIONS TRANSNATIONALES, 3-1979 Background to 1980 forum

Bibliographical Institute, founded in 1895, and which itself may be claimed to have led to the creation of the UAL It will be recalled that Henri La Fontaine and Paul Otlet in 1905 were the directors-general of that Institute, and that same year sub- mitted a joint report to the 4th Interna- tional Conference on Bibliography and Documentation held in Brussels, dealing with « The Present State of Bibliographi- cal Affairs and the International Organi- zation of Documentation ». Very soon the target was widened to em- brace the collection and distribution of a wealth of documentation on all the associations, meetings and publications that were international in character. Then the ambition slowly developed of organizing a world documentation centre, to be fed and developed through the co-operation of all organizations which produced or utilized such documents Furthermore, from 1908 on plans were afoot to add another department to the Central Bureau dealing with information on international bodies and on affairs connected with internationalism. In 1920 there was talk of creating « a general publication and documentation system that would unite in one vast network all the most important study and research centres so as to co-ordinate scientific information and ensure its wid- est possible distribution ».

Co-ordination and Co-operation The objectives of a documentary and sociological nature were rounded off by that of promoting co-ordination and co-operation between international associations. Right from the start, the words co-ordination and co-operation caused alarm in many minds. The Chairman of the 1 st World Congress of International Associations, Auguste A. Beernaert, a Minister of State and Presi- dent of the Interparliamentary Union, strove lucidly to dear up misconceptions by stating in his opening speech, after reviewing many instances of the work done by international bodies : « We see. therefore, that the question is one of a vast-movement of ideas, observations and studies, and the extent to which it is growing in parallel to the ceaseless development of people-to- people relations and the breathtaking advance of science. And after that, is it still Edition de 1908-1909 necessary for me to make a great effort to demonstrate the utility of co-ordinating all those energies and get them to apply simular methods so that each may benefit from the executive power of the But the charting of an agreement is only article, the objective is defined as fol- whole ? Each association must retain its one of the ways in which autonomous in- lows: autonomy and its own character, just as itiative is exercised. And an agreement of « In paralled to the federation of individu- the establishment of interparliamentary this kind is equally desirable for the unity al bodies, a géminé federation of work is relations in no way affects the absolute of effort and for the simplification of taking place, based on co-operation and independence of the States whose na- means... » co-ordination. tionals are members of that movement. In the article « International affairs and « Co-operation is based on combined the drive to organize them - written in programmes, collective aims charted by 1912 by Henri La Fontaine and Paul Ot- mutual agreement, and concerted views let, mentioned in the first few lines of this on the best means of implementing them.

TRANSNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 3-1979 79 Background to 1980 forum

« Co-operation and co-ordination be- peace through the international organi- It is rather surprisingly symbolized by the tween International Associations may be zations - which had. moreover, already fact that two of the three authors of the directed either towards the purpose of been put forward at the 1907 Peace Con- 1908-1909 edition of the Yearbook of In- their work (a purpose common to several ference in The Hague, was undoubtedly ternational Organizations, which in those of them) or towards their methods (unifi- one of the major concepts which guided days was called « L'Annuaire de la Vie In- cation of documents, unified systems, the work of the Union of International As- ternationale », were awarded the Nobel unitary work factors), or again on the sociations from the time of its foundation. Peace Prize : Alfred A. Fried In 1911, and conditions in which the work is done (co- operation to provide the means of doing work at one time and for the benefit of all, LISTE CHRONOLOGIQUE DES that would be in excess of the capabilities or means open to individual bo- RÉUNIONS INTERNATIONALES dies) -. The same article goes on to stress the CONGRÈS, CONFÉRENCES, need for co-operation between the international associations and intergovern- ASSEMBLÉES, SESSIONS, CONVENTS mental bodies. It underlines that •• one of the most important tasks of the Interna- tional Associations is drawing up rules and regulations. Agreements between States is nearly always directed towards DATES. OBJET. VILLES. this end. But where private associations are concerned, the place occupied by rules and regulations is constantly growing». 1843.06.21/24 Cg. 1. de la Paix. Londres. Edited in 1914. the programme of the 3rd World Congress, which should have 1846.08 19/09.02 Cg. I. de l'Alliance évangélique. Londres. taken place in 1915 at San Francisco, 18.16.09.28,30 Cg. I. pénitentiaire. Francforts/M. expresses the wish that « in future, there shall no longer be any field of work or 1847.09.16/18 Cg. 1. des économistes. Bruxelles. research which is not represented by an 1847.09.20/13 Cg;. I. pénitentiaire. Bruxelles. international association; that all func- 1848.09.21/24 Cg. I. d'agriculture. Bruxelles. tions which are part of the life of nations should effectively be scrutinized by ap- 1848.09.20/22 Cg. I. de la Pais. Bruxelles propriate bodies, and that connections 1849.08.22/24 Cg I. de la Paix. Paris. should be established between them, so that all of them may co-operate in the 1850.08.22/24 Cg. 1. de la Paix. Francfort s/M. general organization of the world ». 1851. Cg. I. de l'Alliance évangélique. Londres. Peace 1851.07.22/24 Cg. I. de la Paix. Londres. The following story is told by Cyrille Van Overbergh in an article published in 1912 1851.07 27/ Cf. I. sanitaire Paris. in the magazine « La Vie Internationale ». 1852.09.30/22 Cg. G. d'hygiène. Bruxelles. It should be recalled that he was at the 1853.08.23/09.08 Cg. I. des observ météor. à la mer. Bruxelles. time one of the Secretaries-General in 1833 09.19/22 Cg. G. de statistique. Bruxelles. question : 1853.10.12/13 Cg. t. de la Paix. Edimbourg. « The Secretaries-General of the Central Bureau of International Associations can 1855 Cf. U. des Un chrét de jeunes gens. Paris. hardly ever meet one another without 1855.08.22/ Cg. 1. de l'Alliance évangélique. Paris. giving each other the good news that a 1855.09.10/15 Cg. I. de statistique. Paris. new international body has been founded 1856.09.15/20 Cg. I. de bienfaisance. Bruxelles. - to such an extent that quite recently, at a pacifist meeting one of us was talking 1856.09.22/25 Cg. I. des réformes douanières. Bruxelles. about progress in this field, an eminent 1857. Cf. 1. des chrétiens évangéliques. Berlin. Statesman cried : But that's the real pos- 1857.08.31/09.05 Cg. I. de statistique. Vienne. itive basis of international pacifism. To 1857.09.13/16 Cg. I. d'ophtalmologie. Bruxelles. unite against war is all very well, but the union has a negative target. It is far bet- 1857.09.14/18 Cg. 1. de bienfaisance. Francfort s/M. ter to unite in founding international as- 1858. Cf. U. des Un. chrét. de jeunes gens. Genève. sociations, in multiplying and developing 1858.09.27/30 Cg. I. de la propr. litter, et art. Bruxelles. them : I hail this course as the most fruit- Cf. I. sanitaire. Paris. ful kind of civilizing pacifism ». 1859 The idea is voiced here in the terminology 1860.07.16/20 Cg. I. de statistique. Londres. and atmosphere of an age when the cream of all nations, large and small, 1860.07.30,08.02 Cg. 1. des soc protect. des animaux. Dresde. sought through diplomatic conferences, Bruxelles. congresses and multifarious associa- 1860.09.12/16 Cg. 1 de brasserie. tions, for the basis of a durable peace ed- 1861.08 19/21 Cg. U. artistique. Anvers. ified on a foundation of law, arbitration 1861.09.01/12 Cg. I. de l'Alliance évangélique. Genève. and disarmament. But the idea itself - 1862. Cg. U. des Un chrét. de jeunes gens. Londres.

80 ASSOCIATIONS TRANSNATIONALES. 3-1979 Background to 1980 forum

Henri La Fontaine in 1913, not of course Delegates representing 132 international « The principles and ambition of the for their work as editors of the Yearbook associations, 13 governments, several Union of International Associations were alone. dozen other associations, and five Nobel consecrated by the formation of the It is also symbolized by the fact that the Prizewinners took part. This 1st World League. The very nature of the work car- Yearbook was published jointly by the Congress of International Associations ried out by the Union of International As- General Bureau of International Organi- led to the foundation of the UAI. sociations before the war rendered it in- zations, the International Bibliographical The three Secretaries-General of the directly and within the meats at its dispo- Institute and the International Peace In- Congress : Henri La Fontaine, Paul Otlet sal, one of the promoters of the League of stitute; and by the fact that the next edi- and Cyrille Van Overbergh, became the Nations. It had already expressly declat- tion -that of 1910-1911 -was published Secretaries-General of the new body. ed at one of the Congresses that the in co-operation with the Carnegie End- The structure of the UAI was as follows ; principle of a League of Nations was the ownment for International Peace. The World Congress, to be held every ultimate end of all international move- Let us add at this point, leaving aside for three years;the International Council, ments. During the war the leaders of the a moment the chronological framework composed of delegates of the interna- Union drew up drafts of a Covenant and we have followed up to now, that underly- tional associations, meeting every year; of an international constitution ». ing all these activities and projects un- and the Central Bureau as the UAI's ex- This memorandum paid tribute to the im- dertaken since 1910 by the Union of In- ecutive body. portance of the bodies and collective or- ternational Associations, the idea of The 2nd World Congress took place in ganization grouped around the UAI, the peace through international organiza- Ghent and Brussels from 15th to 18th natures of which it summarised as well tions has just regained pride of place in June 1913, under the presidency of Mr. as the debt they owed to Henri La Fon- the UAI's future programme as result of Cooreman. Minister of State and Presi- taine and Paul Otlet. It concluded with the recommendation made to Unesco by dent of the International Congress of Ad- the following passage : one of the Soviet members of the UAI, ministrative Sciences. It was attended by » Surveying as a whole the picture we Professor A. Kovalsky. delegates from 169 international asso- have just drawn, the work of the founders ciations and 22 governments. of the Union of International Associa- II. THE MILESTONES The work of the Congress, the report on tions, a work of documentation and information, of co-ordination of effort, of gen- The history of the UAI can be divided into which runs to 1,264 pages, consecrates eral education, appears as a vast entre- three phases, each of which is delimeted the results achieved by the first Con- prise of international intellectual organi- by the world wars. gress and was « a new milestone along zation, characterised by the breadth of its the road to international organization 1st phase conception and design. Its action is two- through the unrestricted co-operation of fold as regards principles; it owes to the It dates back in fact to July 1906, a year the associations, aided by the States ». in which the few international bodies logical force of the ideas which it has The 3rd World Congress, preparations for brought forward an educative influence which had their headquarters in Brussels which were interrupted by the outbreak began to draw closer to one another. This which is highly conductive to the devel- of war, was to have been held in San opment of the ideas of union and interna- was just after the World Development Francisco in 1915 within the framework tional organization. As regards, facts, it Congress in Mons (1905) and on the eve of the Exhibition designed to commemo- has proved its efficacy by de institutions of the Hague Conference (1907). rate the centenary of peace between the which it has created. The Union of Inter- On 4th June 1907, the representatives of United States and Great Britain and to national Associations, its Congresses, twenty or so associations decided to set celebrate the opening of the Panama the publications connected with them, up the General Bureau of International Canal. and the International University, form par- Organizations. This was officially In 1914 the UAI had federated 230 inter- ticularly effective instruments for the founded, under the patronage of the Bel- national non-governmental organiza- « diffusion of a broad spirit of under- gian Government, by the General Assem- tions, or rather more than half the total standing and world-wide co-operation ». bly of 29th January 1908. during which it number existing at that time. The League of Nations should regard was decided to organize a World Con- these institution to-day as most valuable gress of International Associations, to be 2nd phase organs of collaboration. held in Brussels in 1910. During World War I, the UAI maintained a Already on 5th January 1919, a meeting The Congress, which ended in a report relative amount of internal activity, but its of UAI delegates held in Paris laid down totalling 1,246 pages, attracted a great directors published a number of studies the terms of a memorandum addressed deal of attention. It was held from 9th to abroad aimed at the organization of the to the Peace Conference delegates con- 11th May 1910 in the Palace of the League of Nations. (H. La Fontaine, The taining a projected World Charter of Intel- Academies. Brussels, under the presid- Great Solution, 1915; Paul Otlet. Les Prob- lectual and Moral Interests. Mr. Paul Hy- ency op Auguste Beernaert, 1909 Lau- lèmes internationaux et la guerre, 1916; mans, who represented Belgium at the reate of the Nobel Peace Prize, a former Constitution mondiale de la Société des Na- Peace Conference, was the first to pres- Prime Minister, the President and repres- tions, 1917). ent intellectual co-operation as an im- entative of the Interparliamentary Union. In this respect, a seven-page memoran- portant factor in the work to be accom- Prince Roland Bonaparte; Mr. Clunet, dum by the Secretary-General of the plished by the League of Nations, and President of the Institute of International League of Nations, classified as Council proposed that an International Commit- Law; Mr. Gobat, 1902 Laureate of the document No. A.43 (B) 1421. communi- tee on Intellectual Co-operation should Nobel Peace Prize and a delegate of the cated on 5th September 1921 to the be set up. But at that time his proposal International Peace Bureau; Mr. Guil- member States of the League and to the was not adopted. laume, President of the French Commis- delegates of the Assembly, on the sub- The 3rd World Congress of International sion on Electrotechnical Terminology; Mr. ject of •• Educational Activities and Co-or- Associations, held in Brussels in August Wilhelm Ostwald, 1909 Laureate of the dination of Intellectual Work accom- 1920. debated and worked out the plan Nobel Chemistry Prize and President of plished by the Union of International As- for an organization of intellectual activity the International Association of Chemical sociations -, underlined in the following to be implemented in co-operation with Societies; and Mr. Ernest Solvay were terms the support given by the UAI to the the League of Nations. the vice-Chairmen of the Congress. institution of the League of Nations :

TRANSNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 3-1979 81 82 ASSOCIATIONS TRANSNATIONALES, 3-1979 In 1910... Background to 1980 forum

The author summarizes a series of propositions which, starling with the UAI. resulted at the time of the League of Nations in the WORLD'S CONGRESS International Commission for Intellectual Cooperation, and at the time of the United OF Nations Organization in UNESCO - and more recently in the University of the United INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS Nations. BRUSSELS, MAY 1910. The 3rd Congress of International Asso- ciations, in which over 100 of them participated, took place at the same time as the first session of the International Uni- versity. The 4th Congress of International Associations was held at the University Letter of Invitation. of Genève, 8-9 September 1924 under the chairmanship of Edouard Clarapède and Henri La Fontaine, and with the parti- We have the honour of inviting you to and assurance, extending to all countries cipation of 50 international organizations. take in a World's Congress of Internatio- the sphere of solidarity and fraternity; the nal Associations, which will be held in shelter to the public health from great Brussels in the month of May 1910. The League of Nations was represented scourges, gained by concerted hygienic by its Deputy Secretary General M. Ni- measures; the works of art and books tobé. A 5th Congress was held 17-19 The object of the Congress is to be the protected internationally, exchanged, July 1927. study of the international organization in lent, and the documentation universali- all branches of knowledge and under all sed; science studied in common, and, by But times had changed. The pioneering its forms : science and art; law and politi- the contributions of partial results obtai- generation had been replaced by the inter- cal organization; social work and econo- ned by workers in all countries, constitu- national civil service. Henri La Fontaine and mics. ted into a universal synthesis of kno- Paul Otlet continued their efforts until the wledge- war, with limited means but with admirable The international organization is due to a Assembled in regular sessions the lea- tenacity which was most evident in their vast and continuous movement. Secular ders of the International Associations major speciality, namely documentation. in its origin, it has, of late years, acquired and those who participate in their duties an immense development. It tends is a new undertaking. That such is towards much greater cooperation bet- Disappearing into History, they departed to- expected to produce considerable ween similar groups in all countries; to gether a$ spiritual partners just as they had results cannot but be convincing. the extension of a greater acquisition of lived, the first in 1943, the second in 1944. knowledge and of technique throughout The aim of the Congress is, in reality, the world; to the unification of methods manifold. The final gesture of the Nobel Peace Lau- and to international agreements on all reate of 1913 was to bequeath his fortune points, where possible, and recognised At first, it is bringing together men who and his library in two equal parts to the UAI as desirable. and to the International Peace Bureau. have lived in contact with international realities. They have a reciprocal interest International Associations have become in exchanging the fruits of their experi- the centralising organs of this movement; ence, regarding the means to employ and whether official or private, created by the the methods to set in action for the de- union of States, or formed by the drawing velopment and the management of the together of national federations of free Association confided to their care. initiative, it is to them that we owe the results which have transformed the Then follows the research of the harmony world's mode of living : the universal post; and co-ordination between the views and the extension of the decimal métrique the activity of so many diverse works, system to all relations; the co-ordination which are often developed without even beyond the frontiers of railway services suspecting how they could be able to and navigation; the international law cooperate between themselves, to aid applicable to all the judicial relations of each other and to fix the boundary of persons and property; the arbitation bet- their sphere of action, to interest oneself ween nations substituting the reigu of more, either by proceeding in a given di- peace to the decisions of war the inter- rection or by causing the creation of new parliamentary discussions of great complementary and auxiliary organisms. world's interests; co-operation, charily

TRANSNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 3-1979 83 Background to 1980 forum in 1910...

Lastly and above all. there is a great util- ciations' Congress cannot fail to exercise the programme are solicited, as much ity to confide to a central Congress the an efficacious effect on their action and from yourselves alone, as from your work which is common to so many Asso- on their work. competent members. ciations and international Congresses: the organization of the international life, We dare to hope, Gentlemen, that it will The following notices shows the organi- in which, but upon a more vast scale, are be agreeable for you to participate in and zation of the Congress and the provision- found the same functions and the same to contribute to its success, by bringing al programme which has been decided problems as in the national life. To study to it the precious collaboration of your upon. The Congress has been prepared them, to formulate and to proclaim them, science and your experience, for the spe- by two publications; viz : l'Enquéte sur taking into account their reciprocal rela- cialities which you represent. l'Association Internationale (Enquiry on the tions, is it not a task which naturally falls structure of the International Associa- to the united international Association, This collaboration would be realised not- tion), the first volume of which has ap- which constitute, at the present moment, ably by presenting to the Congress, a peared containing the monography of 18 the highest representation of worldly in- general report of your organization, your associations; l'Annuaire de la Vie Interna- terests and civilisation ? programme, your works, the methods tionale (Annual of the International Life) a which you apply, the results which you work of more than 1500 pages, which Called of to be the first of a series of spe- have obtained, your desiderata relative to comprises notices on 150 associations, cial international Congresses (them- the co-operation with other associations. on each of which is given, with an analy- selves convokated at Brussels in 1910, sis or the reproduction of its statutes, a as it traditional in a year of universal Ex- In addition to such report, some particular summary sketch of its history and its position) the Sorld's International Asso- communications upon special points of works.

Programme of the Congress of 1910.

The following questions brought to notice 2. The juridical system of the Internation- (compared examination; advantages and and examined in reports published previ- al Associations (legal recognition, civil inconveniences of the present system); ous to the Congress, will be discussed in personnification, etc.); the General Assembly. 5. The international Associations and the This programme is provisional; other 3. The international systems of unities in organization of bibliography and docu- questions might be added to it. All the sciences and in technical services (unifi- mentation; questions of the permanent programm cation and coordination of systems; the can become subjects for communication. metrical system; the system C.G.S.; the 6. Scientific terminology and international types and the standardisation); languages (systematic terminology of 1. Cooperation between the International sciences, notation, signals, international Associations; 4. The types of international organisms languages, scientific translations).

His Majesty the King Albert 1st attending the opening ceremony of the 1st Maritime Congress held in Brussels the 5-6 June 1910.

84 ASSOCIATIONS TRANSNATIONALES, 3-1979 NGO OPERATIONAL TASKS AND PROBLEMS :

A Checklist for Improving Efficiency and Effectiveness

Part One by David Norton Smith* and Barbara Lynn Smith**

Introduction Suggested Initial Use be aided, in many cases, by the assist- This is the first of three parts of an exten- One important use of the present check- ance of knowledgeable and objective sive checklist of task performance areas list is to evaluate informally one's own «outsiders», whether leaders of other that can and often do face the Transna- NGO in terms of the checklist items. A NGOs, organizational consultants, or tional Association (referred to here as first thoughtful reading of the list can be others. A still more objective organiza- « NGO »). The compilation of this list was made in order to identify those task per- tional evaluation would be directed by an based on an extensive review of both formance areas which are, at the present external consultant or organization, but empirical and theoretical literature on stage of an NGOs development, not parti- in conjunction with the organization's transnational organizations as well as cularly relevant because of its size or (NGO's) leadership and staff. voluntary organizations at lower territori- purposes. Next, taking the remaining al levels and the nature of complex or for- items of the checklist, a second and more mal organizations in general. No claim is carefully documented and cross-checked made that the list is complete, although reading can be performed to identify ten- we have attempted to make it as compre- tatively those tasks which the NGO hensive as possible within the limits of seems to be performing well enough, our own resources and capabilities. those tasks where there is great room for If the operational tasks listed herein are improvement in the NGO's performance, being performed adequately by an NGO, and those areas where the NGO has vir- then they do not constitute « problems » tually neglected performance. This tenta- in the conventional sense of problems tive categorization of the task perfor- understood as a special set of circum- mance areas should then be subjected to stances considered undesireable and re- thoughtful discussion and, where possi- quiring resolution or elimination. How- ble, empirical evaluation by the board, of- ever, in a broader sense, each of the task ficers, and principal staff of the NGO. performance areas included in the This review should optimally be per- checklist constitutes an on-going prob- formed first individually and independent- lem potentially if it is not continually dealt with in an appropriate manner. Thus, ly by the NGO representatives involved. those NGO operational tasks that are After the results of the « secret ballot » currently non-problematic can at any mo- evaluations and comments are collated ment become problems for an NGO. The (made easier by the use of a five-point remainder of the checklist of tasks that scale for ranking each item in terms of are currently not being dealt with satis- NGO performance), group discussions factorily by an NGO, for whatever rea- can be held to consider the results of this sons, can be clearly designated as oper- exercise and its implications. Such a dis- ational problems for the given NGO. The cussion should take place during several principal exception to this statement is separate sessions or over the course of a that some of the task performance areas day or two. The focus should be on the mentioned in the checklist become grad- implications of this kind of informal evalu- By taking flight from the organisational structure, the ually more important and eventually cru- ation for current operations, for short- NGO leader willing to take riks and soar to higher cial as the size of the NGO increases. For term future planning, as well as for inter- very small NGOs, various of the checklist mediate and longer term planning and re- Photo : B. Smith. tasks may be of relatively minor import- source allocation within the NGO. Me- ance, although the majority of items are thods of implementation can also be dis- * Professor of Sociology. Boston Collage. Chestnut to some degree relevant to NGOs of all cussed as part of this process. The per- Hill, Massachusetts 02167. USA. sizes, we would argue. ** Vice-President. David Horion Smith International formance of the informal evaluation can Ltd.. Box 431. Bethlehem. New Hampshire 03574. USA.

TRANSNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS. 3-1979 85 Non-Ritualistic names - » self-renewal task force », otherwise be lacking. At the end of a Implementation « evaluation/implementation commit- fixed period (e.g., two or three years), the tee », » new directions task force ». » or- group should make a summary report of The foregoing process can be performed ganizational improvement committee ». progress to date in all areas of intended by an NGO, apparently in good faith but change and go out of existence, with the actually as pure ritual, if the process of But whatever its name, it should have or entire evaluation process begun again evaluation and follow-through ends with establish : ideally. In this way. NGOs can engage in the discussion suggested above. There is - a set of realistic goals for change a continuing series of cycles of evalua- a well-documented tendency for organi- tion, self-renewal, and adaptation to - a timetable for such changes to take zations to resist change of any sort in changing circumstances and needs, both place their operations and customary proce- internal and external. Like a plant an - a specification of necessary changes dures. To avert such tendencies, the NGO that is tended, growing and adapt- in resource allocations (e.g., staff time, NGO needs to create an atmosphere of ing, will survive and be a contribution to facilities, funds, etc) commitment to better achievement of the the environment of humankind. - a program of in-depth orientation for all NGO's ultimate aims through continuing those members of the NGO plus staff organizational self-renewal. If this is not and officers most likely to be effected done, the process will have been a kind by the changes Principle Checklist Categories of ritualistic farce of evaluation rather - an individual specifically designated to The checklist for NGO Operational Tasks than an evaluation process that leads to monitor regularly the progress toward and Problems includes the following main improved NGO operation and effective- each major aspect of change categories : ness. Most, if not all. of the participants in - agreed upon criteria for successful - Financial Resource Functions the process will leave this type of evalua- change in a particular area or direction - Planning Functions tion behind feeling very virtuous about - a program of continual two-way feed- - General Leadership, Management and their efficiency and effectiveness - while back and communication between the Control Functions continuing « business as usual ». task force/committee and the rest of - Human Resource Personnel Functions the organization during the period of its - Evaluation, Research and Information What is needed in order to have non-ritu- existence. alistic implementation is the formation of Fonctions some sort of task force or committee The task force or committee itself should - External Relations Functions delegated the responsibility of facilitating consist of representatives of various le- - Direct Service (Production) Functions the implementation of suggested vels and types of positions within the In this article (Part One) we will deal with changes to improve NGO efficiency and NGO as well as one or two external the first three categories, leaving the effectiveness. Such a task force or com- knowledgeable individuals to insert ob- next four to be covered in the subsequent mittee may have any of a variety of jectivity at certain points where it might Parts Two and Three.

Parasitic growths are atractive and interesting at first, and can be difficult to diagnose. But it allowed to continue their relationship to the NGO they will have an unhealthy, wes- kening, and perhaps fatal effect. Photo : US forest service

86 ASSOCIATIONS TRANSNATIONALES, 3-1979 NGO task/problem checklist

NGO TASK/PROBLEM CHECK LIST - Part One

I. FINANCIAL RESOURCE FUNCTIONS A. Budget Preparation/Planning 3. equipment maintenance and repair tacts, meetings, letters and proposals to 4. physical security and protection seek support from corporate philanthropy 1. income estimates scurces, foundations, charitable organiza- 5. location change, including rental, purchase tions, and individual major benefactors (be- 2. cash flow estimates or construction of a new physical space quests living philanthropists) 3. expense estimates 6. facilities/equipment sharing with other 4. debt need estimates : projections of debt ac- 9. increase corporate/professional service cumulation need (what borrowed money - support develop support lines from businesses, cor- credit - will be needed) E. Fundraising 5. cost-effectiveness estimates for program ef- porations, or professional firms for supply fectiveness: cost-benefit analyses 1. overall fundraising analysis contributions of executive or professional services, computer time, mailing lists, ne- 6. overall budget planning determine ideal /possible funding source mix twork sharing, and material goods; focus 7. adjustments of budget as required by cir- and need for reduction or increase in elements of present mix (e.g., reduction of over- especially on MuIti-Nationals cumstances, change, etc. dependence on one or a few large don- ors/sources); set fundraising priorities B. Financial Management F. Finance Training 2. identify funding sources 1. financial/fundraising workshops; organize 1. cash flow management determine most relevant and major external training in problems and techniques of fun- 2. loan arrangements, including repayment funding sources (foundations, government draising agencies, etc.) 2. property maintenance/security workshops; 3. property procurral and disposal, including 3. develop funding source network organize training in use of facilities and purchasing, rental of equipment, materials, cultivate relationships with major, relevant equipment, and security practices services, etc. 3. financial record keeping workshops; organ- 4. accounts receivable and payable, including overlapping interests: influence the interests ize workshops on record keeping billing and bill-paying and priority setting of these sources 4. cost-control workshops; organize work- 5. payroll management 4. develop fundraising skills shops in techniques of cost-control 6. encouragement of cost control develop skills in grant/con tract proposal 7. endowment/ in vestment management writing, presentation and follow-up skills; de- G. Finances Evaluation velop other grantsmanship/fundraisirig skills 8. grant/contract management 1. overall accountability/responsibility 5. increase general support develop increased small scale member sup- nance of responsibility as an organization C. Accounting port, and support from clients, contributors or by: the public; design and direct campaigns to 1. establishment of accounting practices and a. insurance on major leaders, general liabil- obtain increased support methods ity insurance, bunding, embezzlement liabili- 2. daily accounting /book keeping 6. increase special support ty insurance develop special fundraising events to raise b. check contract/grant fulfillment or return 3. audit arrangements of financial records special sources of financial support (e.g., of funds 4. financial reports; preparation at required in- cultural events, dinners, etc.): design and di- c. check proper use of funds within organi- tervals or when requested. rect such events zation 7. increase government and IGO support D. Property Maintenance develop government contact network; write 2. budget preparation/planning practices proposals for government grants or con- 3. financial management practices 1. physical maintenance of buildings and tracts; do same for IGOs 4. accounting practices grounds including renovations 5. property maintenance practices 2. cleaning offices and other work or activity 8. increase foundation/charitable support spaces develop contact network by personal con- 6. fundraising practices and activities 7. financial training practices

II. PLANNING FUNCTIONS

A. Formation and Structure of C. Set General Goals and Ob- E. Redesign Structure and Organization jectives Consistent with Governance Process as initial organization set-up; build and develop or- Broad Aims Needed ganization by increasing and improving pro- determine long and short term general goals establish new management/governance struc- grams, collaboration projects and networking and objectives which are feasible: develop a ture if needed; design new internal structure general organizational policy regarding methods (macro- and micro-level) when needed

B. Establish Purposes and F. Monitor Possible Changes in Broad Aims of the Organiza- D. Establish Specific Programs Purposes and Aims and Plan tion and Projects Consistent with Accordingly clarify ambiguities and narrow the focus of the General Goals organization to aims that are feasible to accom- determine direction of organization if possibly plish, readily communicable to others (including develop specific organizational policies for pro- changed: determine if changes in aims or pur- the public). and likely to generate interest and gram implementation; determine methods, tac- poses have occurred. and their fit with original enthusiasm because of their relevance to hu- tics, and approaches for program and project aims; plan changes when circumstances indi- man and societal needs implementation cate they are needed

TRANSNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS. 3-1979 91 NGI task/problem checklist

G. Examine Changes in Goals and problems on both sides; if possible, agree smooth termination of prog rams/projects that to merge first in principle only with details to be have accomplished their goals essentially, that and Objectives and Plan Ac- worked out subsequently; have committee are making minimal progress toward their goals cordingly work out fine details of merger, preserving as or whose cost-effective ness relative to other much as possible of the resources, good will, important actual or potential programs/projects determine if changes in goals and objectives reputation, and effectiveness of the original or- is low. have occurred: determine fit of these changes ganization; set a time limit at which merger dis- with broad organizational aims; plan process for cussions will have been concluded successfully dealing with priority reordering, goal succes- or else automatically terminated. sion, goal displacement, goal slippage, and L. Forecast Future Possible De- Changing specific organizational policies velopments J. Plan Organizational Termina- utilize futures forecasting techniques to devel- H. Plan Program and Project In- tion When Reasonable op major alternative scenarios that will have major relevance to NGO planning; attempt novation monitor effectiveness of NGO and degree of at- short-term, intermediate as well as long-term tainment of its ultimate aims and purposes; if forecasting as inputs to NGO planning of all design processes for change, experimentation, NGO has essentially accomplished its purposes kinds. renewal, revitalization; change when needed to or is almost totally ineffective in accomplishing comply with general organizational policy its purposes, plan a graceful dissolution of the changes organization to avoid wastage of resources: monitor interest versus apathy of organization- M. Utilize Effective Evaluation in I. Plan Mergers When Advanta- al members and plan termination when apathy is pervasive and membership is both low and All Planning geous declining. devise planning processes that require inputs identify other NGOs with very similar or virtual- from empirical and objective evaluations Of prior ly identical goals and interests, or with goals NGO activities; encourage the use of high qual- complementary to those of one's own NGO; K. Plan Project and Program ity evaluation results rather than impressionis- consider potential advantages and disadvan- tic or haphazard feedback from biased obser- tages of merger with one or more such NGOs; Termination When Reason- vers; reach out for relevant evaluation results where ratio of advantages to disadvantages is able from other similar NGOs rather than being limit- clearly favorable, approach such NGOs and test ed solely to internal results from evaluations of possible interest in merger; where interest by monitor program/project cost-effectiveness one's own NGO; push NGO evaluation staff to another NGO is high, engage in merger discus- and progress toward intended goals in relation provide policy relevant results that will be ge- sions frankly with full sharing of information to alternative uses of NGO resources; plan nuinely useful in planning and decision-making.

III. GENERAL LEADERSHIP, MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL FUNCTIONS

A. Leadership in staffing 12. seek appropriate balance between leadership stability vs. democracy leader/officer 1. plan staffing needs in accordance with turnover and rotation of leaders for greater overall organizational plans and goals. democracy). 2. determine intended roles and tasks to be 13. organize work process through delegation performed by organizational participants of tasks to others, and through coordination (elected officers, board members, adminis- of their activities. trative staff, trustees, paid staff and volun- 14. provide effective reward systems and teers). promotion possibilities for paid Staff and vo- 3. write job descriptions consistent with lunteers when indicated by excellence and roles/tasks to be performed. good performance. 4. determine lines of responsibility with clear 15. provide for leadership development and in- chain of command Spelled out. service training for paid staff, volunteers, and board members - provide for upward 5- set procedures and norms for behavior by mobility through personal growth opportuni- personnel (casual and regular). ties. 6. clarify relationship of volunteer roles to 16. maintain appropriate leadership and staff paid staff roles - specify integral role of vo- representativeness in terms of regionality. lunteers for the NGO with a strategy provid- nationality, sex. age, race, religion, disci- ing for their beneficial and nondisruptive plines, ideology, etc. use. 7. design leadership criteria to be used in selection of NGO leaders, paid and volunteer. B. Dealing with Boars - including trustees, directors, policy boards, etc. The NGO leader should open the door for effective evaluation which can help determine what « organiza- 1. coordinate functions of boards - arranging tional gardening .. needs to be performed - trimming, meetings, reports, orientation and training fertilizing. adding 01 removing plants and trees, etc. Photo: D.H. Smith. for new members, etc. 2. involve board in basic policy determination 8. oversee selection of appointed leaders, - encourage responsive ness to needs of coordinators, key staff, heads of chapters NGO. or local units, etc. 3. seek to maximize board potential in var- 9. oversee selection of elected leader candi- ious ways: avoid under-utilization. dates who are willing to be committed and 4. clarify basic policy options for board - dedicated workers. make issues coherent and concise. 10. monitor elections and other (e.g., referen- 5. report to board on implementation of poli- dum) voting processes. cy decisions by board. Sometimes the NGO structure needs to be pruned 11. remove quickly from office or fire those 6. report results of evaluations to board - both and cut back in order to fit with desired goals. who are ineffective and/or lacking in the qu- on operation of the NGO itself and on its Photo B. Smith. alities necessary for their positions. program aims and achievements or failures.

92 ASSOCIATIONS TRANSNATIONALES, 3-1979 NGO task/problem checklist

7 help maintain effective board member E. Decision-Making Leadership 4. Implement on-going strategies for problem composition by identifying and helping to Identification and solution. remove members who are inactive or inap- 1 determine appropriate locus of control in propriate. organizational decision-making for differ- 5. formulate strategies for decision-making procedures. 8 initiate, if necessary, training for board ent function/task areas. members to increase their effectiveness. 2 determine categories of organization parti- 6. provide for efficient modes of operation 9. deal candidly with the board even when cipants who should make input to various relative to general organizational stand- kinds of decisions - identify key people. ards. 10. encourage board to enter into a reviewing 3. engage in consultative decision-making ra- 7. develop organizational ability to act quick- process or evaluation process of the organ- ther than autarchy. ly when needed - to mobilize resources ization at least biennially. quickly in crises, etc. 4. foster democratic participation in decision- making by encouraging inputs from all le- 8. determine optimal means of accomplish- vels of participants, staff, members, etc. ing goals - provide specific tactics and C. Dealing with Commit- strategies for goal attainment indicated by 5. resolve conflicting demands for higher level Board. tees/Task Forces centralized control and local autonomy. 9. use anticipative management techniques - 1. coordinate functions o( committees and 8. resolve organizational bottlenecks in deci- keep abreast of possible future difficulties; task forces - arranging meetings, etc. sion-making (e.g., due to overload condi- devise options for alternative possible fu- tions, etc.) 2. involve committees and task forces in im- ture scenarios. portant NGO work. 7. seek clarification of issues before import- 10. maintain appropriate organizational timing ant decisions are made. 3. seek ways to maximize committee partici- and rhythm by establishing schedules, pation ana increase motivation. 8. determine effect on organizational aims deadlines; avoid lags; keep to a set pace. 4 clarify and make coherent the mission of and purposes when choosing between alt- 11. monitor work flow by keeping time charts the committee or task force. ernative directions and making important on given goals or objectives, persons re- sponsible, deadlines and results, etc. 5. help determine necessity for various committees and task forces and their roles and 9. make available to participants in decision- 12. avoid appearance of muddle in organiza- making process information on the prob- tion during crises, as in times of ineffective- lem or issue in question (i.e., definition of ness, conflict or problems, and during problem, type of problem, implications, etc.) transition periods. tion and coordination with each other. 10 include implementation into action of deci- 13. seek to make transitions smooth, whether 7. help select members of committees and sions which are made - who will carry out during changes in leadership, locations, or- task forces, seeking fully qualified, interest- the decision and how. ganizational re-structuring, etc. ed and motivated persons. 11. include follow-through reviews of how the 14. monitor internal programs - watch for 8. help in the removal process of members or decision is carried out. changes that imply goal or purpose change chairpersons who are ineffective. 12 include evaluations on major decisions - or program change, etc. 9. assist in resolving problems, conflicts - of- determine how they have affected the or- 15. monitor external programs and relations - fer to negotiate and seek solutions/com- ganization. watch for general patterns of external rela- promises. 13. seek to understand causes of problems. tions in terms of effects on organization. 10. monitor the existence of any committees and try to solve any underlying problems of 16. be alert for events and changes in matters or task forces of the NGO, letting and as- a generic type. external to the organization, and their pot- sisting them in going out of existence when ential relevance to organizational goals, their mission or role is completed - insist 14. seek to identify power struggles affecting decision-making processes, if any - disarm etc. (i.e.. changes in legislation that may ef- that all committees have on-going mea- fect organization, changes in political cir- ningful tasks and roles. them when they are adversely effecting the process (i.e., decisions being made which cumstances, etc.). 11. develop an effective Executive Committee favor individuals or factions, and are detri- 17. watch for effects/implications of life cycle that is small but representative of the larger mental to the Organizational aims and pur- stages on organization goals and programs, board of directors and can act quickly in its poses). and adapt as needed. Stead when necessary between Board meetings. 15. seek to identify most common types of 18. provide for organizational self-renewal problems in organization and take steps to 12. make sure that committee activity is di- through evaluations, contacts with - outsid- eliminate roots of common problems if fea- ers ». in-service training, attendance of rected toward basic program priorities ra- sible. ther than being caught up in peripheral mat- conferences and workshops by Staff mem- ters. 16. allow the decision-ma king process to in- bers, etc. clude time for mulling over ideas, solutions, 13. avoid appointing new committees simply alternatives, etc. to deal with conflicts or problems that should be handled by the Board or existing 17. compromise, adapt, and be willing to re- main flexible within limits. G. Supervising Immediate Sub- 18. recognize special interests and egos at ordinates work and the part they are playing - try to keep organizational interests first in priority 1. provide general supervision by task dele- D. Facilitating Vertical Integra- gation and coordination of work process tion (as opposed to close supervision or tight F. Performing General Manage- 1. determine roles of the national headquar- controls). ters, international headquarters, and var- ment 2. move people from ideas/ consultation to ious offices, affiliates, branches, chapters. action. 1 oversee all organizational functions : a. financial resources 3. motivate and communicate with staff. 2. coordinate and manage functions which b. planning will be performed at the various locations. 4. be candid with staff when appropriate. c. manpower and human resources 3. maintain an appropriate division of labor 5. lead people in accomplishment of assigned between various offices/locations. e. external relations tasks. f. direct service/production. 4 facilitate communications and coordination between various off ices/locations. 2. provide for most appropriate general activ- 6. continue to learn how to relate well to staff ity mix - insure interest and goal attainment and optimize their potential for the organi- 5 resolve spécial problems of function and zation cont/ol between various levels within the for the NGO. NGO, such as between board and staff, or 3. coordinate and follow-up on organizational paid Staff and volunteers. policy decisions including board, commit- 7 establish and maintain effective supervi- tee recommendations, etc. sion of activities/programs. 8. oversee maintenance of organization s volunteer programs.

TRANSNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS. 3-1979 93 NGO task/problem checklist

9 provide diversity of tasks for staff, provide 10. manage and deal with differing national, 16. focus on results and outward observable opportunities for growth regional, ideological, etc.. approaches, contributions but do not altogether neglect 10 provide for integration of staff activities styles, emphases in activities/programs, processes of work, morale, and intangibles and coordination - do not allow staff to etc. 17. build on strengths in serf and others work in complete isolation, or to work at « feed opportunities and starve problems - counter-purposes; let the right hand know 18. when able, concentrate on a few major ar- what the left is doing. eas where superior performance will pro- 11 let staff know when and how they are not J. Facilitating Internal Commu- duce outstanding results - by sticking to performing according to standards if it is nication set priorities. having serious effects on organization - be 1. stimulate creative dialogues on problems, 19 make effective, rational decisions by defin- goals, activities, issues at all levels of or- ing and analyzing problems, developing alt- 12. make standards known to staff when they ernative solutions, etc. are hired and be sure they understand 2. keep all participants informed of changes, 20, be sure that others are aware of priorities developments, etc. of organization. 3. keep organizational channels of communi- 21 develop forcefulness and do not hesitate cation open. to show conviction about important matters on which you feel strongly. H. Resource Allocation Leader- 4. facilitate both horizontal and vertical communication. 22. engage in personal skill building by attending workshops, reading, being active in ship 5. establish communication procedures to relevant associations, etc. 1. watch for patterns of resource allocation - activate communication goals. 23. learn new management techniques - take 6. maintain awareness of official communica- courses, etc. 2. deal with problem of allocation to use re- tion patterns and of informal communica- 24. be open to new ideas - do not present sources more efficiently and productively. tion patterns and their effects on organiza- yourself as one who already knows every- tion. 3. determine ways to cut costs. thing. 7. encourage feedback from all segments of 4. maintain a reserve fund for organization so 25. learn relevant foreign languages when this organization on policy decisions, changes, thai all funds are not allocated at any one would be helpful. results, evaluations. 8. encourage new idea s /suggestions from all 26. avoid trying to please everyone and accomplishing nothing as a result. 5. develop failsafe or emergency plans for re- segments of organization. source allocation in crises. 9. arrange and conduct meetings with indi- 27. be willing to do controversial or unpopular things when you feel it is the right thing to 6. select and obtain appropriate external re- viduals and groups - both internal (within do. sources (i.e. technical assistance, volun- organization) and external (with others). teer assistance, etc.). 28. learn to select and use specialists/consult- 10. deal with language differences and trans- 7. provide strategy for monitoring internal re- ants and avoid feeling threatened by their lation problems in written communications advice. source utilization - receive monthly budget and publications. reports. 29. be committed to excellent and effective 11. utilize interpreters when needed in meet- 8. make sure of the accuracy of budget/re- performance as contrasted with customary ings, congresses, etc. procedures, programs, and interpersonal sources reports. relationships. 9. make sure you are informed of resource 12. utilize electronic and other advanced tech- 30. learn various new planning methods. shortages, changes, crises immediately. nologies to facilitate communication (tele- 31 maintain your own progress charts for the 10. use knowledge, skills, evaluation assess- phone conference calls, computer confer- organization so that you can know what is ments, information, and all available inputs encing, etc.) going on. and how well - where the organi- in making resource allocations. zation is in terms of goals and objectives 11. perform, or have performed, periodic re- achieved. views of resource allocation at all levels of organization, internal and external. K. Developing Management 12. perform, or have performed, periodic re- Style/Skills views of resource inputs, and include trend 1. be aware of and seek to exemplify relevant values and ethics. L. Evaluating Management Ac- 2. show consideration for one's colleagues tivities and subordinates. 1. evaluate the work process - make deter- 3. help develop a favorable organizational cli- I. Dealing with Conflict mate/atmosphere mination of appropriate roles and tasks to accomplish goals with minimal duplication 1. deal with interpersonal conflict and prob- Of effort. 4. develop the ability to act quickly when cir- lems - especially when they interfere with 2. provide for accountability - clarify stand- work processes significantly. cumstances require it. ards, ethics, reporting, expectations, etc. 5. take responsibility for major decisions when 2 deal responsively with citizen /client ad- 3. evaluate the organizational climate - de- vocacy. strong leadership is needed. termine satisfactions, dissatisfactions. 6. show initiative and be willing to take reason- 3. minimize conflict and develop good rela- able risks. 4. evaluate communication channels and ef- tions and a cooperative spirit between dif- fects. ferent segments of participants, members, 7. maintain open communication with others 5. evaluate staffing, training, development staff. to optimize information inputs. and reward systems, etc 4. Deal with resistance of other organizations 8. know where and how to reach others for 6. evaluate one's own management style and INGOs. IGOs. MNCs. governments). communication purposes. skills, personal openness, receptivity, flex- 5. Manage and cope with internal organiza- 9 take responsibility for actions - avoid ibility, interpersonal relations abilities, abili- tional conflicts - internal factions - in a passing on to others blame for one's own ty to deal with problems, etc - identify ar- inadequacies or errors. eas for personal development. E. seek to bring strength out of conflict 10. overcome problems in dealing with author- 7. evaluate available research or evaluation through effective solutions. ity (1GO or NGO leaders, etc.) results, assessments and studies of your 7. negotiate and serve as intermediary to 11. encourage feedback - positive or negative organization and others which are similar bring about resolutions and compromises, - by being responsive to it. NGOs. 8. seek to identify power struggles and deal 12. seek to deal with criticism constructively 8 evaluate the performance of committees, with them before they harm the organiza- as a means of personal growth. boards, citizen advisory groups, etc. tion - be candid and frank as possible. 13 analyze and accept innovations where sui- 9. evaluate the organization's efforts to col- table. 9 seek to Identify sources of conflict and laborate or build networks with other or- bring them out into the open - make staff 14. seek to maintain flexibility in management aware of differences in styles, approaches, style, incorporating elements from different 10. evaluate the management and control and tactics, emphases, etc. world regions and cultures where relevant. effectiveness of all functions of the organ- 15. know and control managerial time - seek ization to eliminate tasks which could be delegated or which are a waste of a manager's time.

94 ASSOCIATIONS TRANSNATIONALES, 3-1979 Les OING du droit

Dans le large éventail transnational des disciplines associatives, le secteur du droit occupe une place de qualité telle que. de par sa nature même, elle annonce et promet une contribution essentielle à la préparation et aux débats du Forum de 1980. Le droit est partout présent dans les relations internationales et transnationales, qu'il s'agisse en effet des libertés associatives, de l'indépendance des OING, de leur statut juridique, des limites de la souveraineté nationale, du droit transnational ( «Transnational Law ») nouvellement introduit par le juriste américain Jessup, du droit d'autodétermination des peuples, des droits de l'homme, des droits syndicaux, de la procédure de consultation et de participation, ou d'autres aspects encore de l'ensemble des règles qui régissent les rapports des hommes et des peuples constituant une même société humaine. Ainsi publions-nous une nouvelle série de portraits d'associations du droit, complétant notre galerie d'OING dans ce secteur.

ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE DES MAGISTRATS DE LA JEUNESSE

Historique : Moyens d'action : activité juridictionnelle ou similaire dans l'A.I.M.J. a été fondée en 1928 sous le Depuis sa fondation l'A.I.M.J. a contribué le domaine de la Protection de l'Enfance. nom d'Association Internationale des à la connaissance de diverses législa- Les membres sont inscrits à titre indivi- Juges des Enfants. En 1958 elle est tions et des méthodes employées pour duel, mais dans certains pays ils appar- devenue l'Association Internationale des protéger la Jeunesse et la Famille : d'une tiennent à des Associations Nationales. Magistrats de la Jeunesse et maintenant part par des Congrès Internationaux, tou- La Revue de l'Enfance, publiée par l'UlPE, elle veut devenir également l'Association jours très suivis qui ont lieu toutes les assure la liaison régulière entre les mem- Internationale des Magistrats de la quatre années (citons parmi les derniers : bres. Famille. Naples, Paris. Genève, Oxford, et en Elle a voulu ainsi manifester son souci, 1978 : Montréal), d'autres part : par des Organisation : avec le temps, d'élargir le champ de ses sessions interrégionales, qui ont lieu Le siège social est établi en Belgique et intérêts et d'accueillir des membres entre les Congrès et, à une échelle plus les autorités de ce pays lui ont accordé, appartenant à des catégories profession- limitée, regroupent des pays de statuts par arrêté royal du 16 SEPTEMBRE 1963, nelles diverses mais dont l'activité généralement proches (citons en dernier la personnalité civile. concerne le mieux-être des jeunes et de lieu: Vaucresson. Saint-Cloud, en der- Le Secrétariat Général se trouve mainte- leurs familles. nier lieu, avril 1977 : Strasbourg, ultérieu- nant à PARIS, au Tribunal pour Enfants, rement probablement Sidney). Palais de Justice 75055 FRANCE. L'AJ.M.J. participe aux Congrès interna- Le Trésorier est M. Dunant, à Genève. Buts: tionaux organisés par l'ONU, où elle Le Conseil d'Administration se réunit I'AJ.M.J. veut, d'après ses statuts-établir entend faire entendre la voix des Magis- régulièrement et selon les besoins. des liens entre les Magistrats et les trats spécialisés et des Techniciens des Techniciens qui dans les pays les plus problèmes de la jeunesse, qui collabo- Note sur le congrès de Mon- divers sont attachés, dans un cadre judi- rent avec eux, faire connaître leurs expé- ciaire, à la Protection des jeunes. Son riences, les résultats de leurs recher- tréal : action vise à : ches. Le dernier Congrès a eu lieu à Montréal en JUIL. 1978; le thème général fut le sui- - Etudier le fonctionnement sur le plan Elle collabore avec de nombreux organis- vant : « Le Juge et les pressions de international des juridictions et organismes internationaux, par exemple l'Union l'environnement sur les jeunes et les mes administratifs de tutelle spécialisée, Internationale de Protection de l'Enfance, familles ». Les points suivants ont été assurer la défense des principes qui les dont la Revue réserve toujours une place traités en sections: la Cellule familiale, animent et les diffuser. aux travaux de l'A.I.M.J.. le Centre Inter- Education en emploi. Mesures préventi- - Etudier les diverses législations et national de l'Enfance. ves et remèdes, la Sanction de la loi. aider à leur perfectionnement. Elle a le statut reconnu d'Organisation Deux ateliers ont œuvré : l'un sur le pro- - Favoriser les recherches sur la crimi- Non Gouvernementale auprès des blème des enfants victimes des violen- nalité et l'inadaptation des jeunes; cau- Nations Unies, elle est associée aux tra- ces, l'autre sur le problème de l'Assis- ses, effets, prévention. vaux d'autres Associations, ainsi depuis tance des mineurs par un Conseil. Un - Collaborer avec les autres associa- 1970 avec l'Institut Interamèricain de document sera publié ultérieurement tions internationales intéressées par la l'Enfant. reprenant les actes du Congrès et les Protection de la Jeunesse. résolutions adoptées. - Assurer des liens entre ceux qui, par Membres : (delà des systèmes différents, participent Peuvent faire partie de l'A.I.M.J. toute personne exerçant ou ayant exerce une * Voir « Associations Internationales » no 1 1973: n° à la même tâche. 5 1974. no 8-9 1975; no 11 1978; no 12 1978.

TRANSNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS. 3-1979 95 SOCIÉTÉ INTERNATIONALE DE DROIT DU TRAVAIL ET DE LA SÉCURITÉ SOCIALE

Le premier bulletin de la Société internationale de droit du travail et de la sécurité sociale paru en 1976. a publié une adresse de son président M. Jean-Maurice Verdier (France) qui rappelle l'objectif de cette association de service social.

«L'objectif de la Société est (selon des des problèmes sociaux et du travail; enri- Cet effort de liaison a donné lieu à des Statuts) « l'étude du droit du travail et de la chir aussi leur réflexion par la connais- propositions de revision statutaire som- sécurité sociale dans un but scientifique sur sance des solutions appliquées dans les maires au 9ème Congrès de la Société, le plan national aussi bien qu'international, divers pays; établir entre eux l'échange qui s'est tenu à Munich en septembre afin de promouvoir l'échange d'idées et d'idées et d'informations, voire une colla- dernier avec un ordre du jour en trois d'informations, ainsi qu'une meilleure collaboration qui, sans rechercher une unité points : boration entre Juristes et autres experts du artificielle, permettent une meilleure droit du travail et de la sécurité sociale. Les compréhension, dans l'amitié, de cette si - L'arbitrage et le rôle des tribunaux du objectifs de la Société sont de caractère riche diversité. travail : l'administration de la justice en purement scientifique et exclusifs de toute droit du travail. considération de nature politique, philoso- - La situation des travailleurs en cas de phique ou religieuse ». Mais cet objectif a combien plus de chan- maladie. ces d'être atteint si, de manière plus - La codification du droit du travail. En effet, la vie de notre Société ne sau- constante, une information régulière est - La Société est essentiellement compo- rait s'arrêter avec la dispersion des fins assuré entre nos associations nationa- sée d'associations nationales. de congrès... Ceux-ci en constituent cer- les. C'est pourquoi il est demandé aux tes les temps forts... Nos rencontres plé- responsables de chqaue branche natio- Si, dans certains pays, ces associations niéres marquent assurément un moment nale de bien vouloir tenir la Société au existent depuis longtemps et sont enga- privilégié pour ce qui fart la raison d'être courant de ses activités, afin que le bul- gées dans des activités diverses (réu- de notre Société : permettre de se ren- letin annuel puisse les faire connaître nions, séminaires, publications, etc.), contrer et de se mieux connaître à tous aux autres. dans d'autres, elles ne sont que de créa- ceux qui. de par le monde, dans la tion récente et, dans d'autres encore, il recherche, l'enseignement ou la pratique, n'existe aucune section ou association se préoccupent des aspects juridiques nationale de ce genre.

CCBE COMMISSION CONSULTATIVE DES BARREAUX DE LA COMMUNAUTÉ EUROPÉENNE

La CCBE est l'organe de liaison officielle- l'élaboration de solutions destinées à en portant à l'exercice de la profession tels ment reconnu dans la Communauté des coordonner et harmoniser l'exercice. La que : le droit d'établissement, la libre professions de Rechtsanwalt (Allema- CCBE a élaboré la Déclaration de Perugia prestation de services et son application gne), d'Avocat/Avocaat (Belgique), qui établit les principes déontologiques aux avocats selon les termes de la pre- d'Advokat (Danemark), d'Avocat applicables dans toute la Communauté mière directive communautaire en la (France), de Barrister et de Solicitor et constitue un premier pas vers un code matière, rétablissement de conventions (Irlande), d'Avvocato (Italie), d'Avocat- de déontologie commun. bilatérales entre barreaux pour la régle- Avoué (Luxembourg), d'Advocaat et de La CCBE est chargée d'assurer la liaison, mentation de l'exercice de la profession Procureur (Pays-Bas), d'Advocate, de d'une part, entre les barreaux eux- à l'étranger, le secret professionnel en Barrister et de Solicitor (Royaume-Uni). mêmes, et d'autre part, entre ces der- droit communautaire, la protection du La CCBE se compose de neuf déléga- niers et les institutions communautaires consommateur de services juridiques, les tions dont les membres sont désignés auxquelles elle transmet le point de vue honoraires, l'aide judiciaire et l'assurance par les Ordres et Associations qui repré- des praticiens sur des questions diver- protection juridique, la formation des jeu- sentent l'autorité professionnelle de cha- ses d'ordre communautaire et plus parti- nes avocats. cun des neuf Etats membres de la Com- culièrement sur des projets de textes. La CCBE peut, le cas échéant, mettre à la munauté. Elle est représentée par une délégation disposition de ceux qui les désireraient pour publication, des notes ou articles Des observateurs en provenance d'Autri- permanents auprès de la Cour de Justice présentant un intérêt professionnel ou che, de Norvège, d'Espagne, de Suéde et européenne. concernant le droit positif. de Suisse ainsi que des représentants Le Conseil d'Avis et d'Arbitrage a été créé La CCBE est fermement convaincue des trois principales organisation profes- par la CCBE pour faciliter le règlement qu'une profession forte et indépendante sionnelles internationales - l'Union Inter- entre avocats ou barreaux, de différends est essentielle pour maintenir une nationale des Avocats (UIA) sous les d'ordre déontologique. société libre et pour assurer le dévelop- auspices de laquelle la CCBE fut créée Diverses sous-commissions spéciales pement d'une vériable communauté en 1961, l'International Bar Association ont été créées pour étudier, notamment, européenne. En conséquence, la CCBE (IBA) et l'Association Internationale des le droit de la concurrence et de la pro- cherche à promouvoir une coopération et Jeunes Avocats (AIJA) - assistent aux priété intellectuelle, les droits de la une compréhension mutuelles, non seu- réunions de la CCBE. défense et les sanctions en droit communautaire et le droit des sociétés. Cette lement entre les avocats des pays com- L'objectif que s'est fixé la CCBE est, dernière sous-commission comprend des munautaires, mais aussi entre ces der- d'une part, l'étude de toutes les ques- représentants de la profession notariale. niers et ceux d'autres pays, et d'une tions qui ont trait a la profession d'avocat Parmi les sujets traités par la CCBE. il manière générale entre les avocats et les dans les Etats membres, d'autre part. convient de citer notamment ceux se rap- membres d'autres professions.

96 ASSOCIATIONS TRANSNATIONALES, 3-1979 THE AUGMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES THROUGH COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS

by Glen Leet and Mildred Robbins Leet

Following the articles on computer conferencing in Transnational Associations (1977. no 10, 12; 1978, n° 4), this paper describes a series of attempts at using this technique in support of an intergovernmental conference. (Its « question-and-answer » approach was first reported here in 1976, NO 4. It is important to distinguish between this appraoch, the Unesco « teleconferen- cing » experiment (Nairobi-Paris, 1976), and the « working conference » uses described in recent issues.

For the past (our years. Hotline Inter- Prior to the establishment of Hotline words : « STRONG INPUT ., and the national has been concerned with the International, Glen Leet deve- following message was received : augmentation of major United Nations loped computer applications over a « Your communication from Nairobi Conferences through the utilization of period of years to facilitate commu- to a computer in U.S.A. demonstrates computer communications technolo- nications between governments and that access to information in sophisti- gies. We have tested such techniques local communities as a means of en- cated computers once limited to dev- at seven conferences : two in Nairobi; couraging community self-help pro- eloped countries can now be open to the others in Bucharest. Mexico City, grams. The systems developed have all countries. Congratulations. HA- New York State. Vancouver, and Mar been utilized in sixteen countries, Del Plata. Argentina. The computer- RAMBEE ». in 1973. the Community Develop- based document distribution system, ment Foundation, of which Mr. Leet The UNEP NGO NEWS for June 1974 although applied only to a limited was President, made a Feasibility Stu- said, in part : degree, has demonstrated that new dy for the United Nations Environ- technologies can facilitate and extend « A new dimension in instant world ment Programme. It was for a com- participation in such conferences and communication from Nairobi has been contribute to better decisions. munications system intended to en- established by a demonstration of More than one thousand individuels, hance cooperation between non-govern- transoceanic communication with a most of them unfamiliar with compu- mental organizations and UNEP. For computer terminal set up in the NGO ter terminals, much less computer this, a time-sharing computer service and Media Centre of the Kenyatta technology, have been involved, as was used. Conference Centre ». well as thirteen colleges and univer- As information was being put on line, That's how it all began. By August, sities, and over 100 national and inter- the thought occurred : « Why not use when the next Conference — the one national non-governmental organizations. In addition. « focal points ». parts of the world could share infor- mania — rolled around, we no longer groups of individuals or organizations mation through a telecommunications had to start from a zero data base, linked with each other, as well as with system ? » We knew we could transfer but rather, had some pre-conference the primary conference focal point- data over telephone lines. What we entries already on line. These included have functioned in ten cities in the needed to find out was whether we information about conference prepa- United States, and in London. Paris. could do it internationally. rations, lists of people planning to Montreal. Toronto, and Vancouver. Undeterred by technical advice that it attend, and some basic population Each demonstration has been conduc- would beimpossible, we took a ter- statistics. ted with the cooperation of the govern- minal to a meeting of the Governing With the permission of the Govern- ments and United Nations Organiza- Council of the United Nations Envi- ment of Romania, we were able to set tions involved. ronment Programme which was held up our terminal in the Hall of the Con- At each succeeding conference, a new in Nairobi in April 1974. From the gress of the People. The reception over dimension has been added — from conference site, we dialed the compu- telephone lines from the computer the first, simple step of establishing ter number in Stamford. Connecticut, was clearer during the night-time computer communication between and were thrilled and excited when the people on the continents of Africa and keyboard of our portable terminal ca- North America, to the latest step _ me to life indicating that we had made the multi-communication techniques the connection with the computer. utilized during the UN Conference on The Conference shared the sense of Paper Presented at Session on Computer-Based Doc- Water in Mar Del Plata. elation the next day. when the Execu- ument Distrbution at 1978 National Computer Conter- tive Director of UNEP typed the code

TRANSNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS. 3-1979 97 Computer communications

hours, and so we recorded the material received from the United States on magnetic tape, and were able to produce the material at will during demonstrations at the Conference. Af- ter one demonstration, it was interesting that the three countries who expressed special interest were China, Israel, and Kuwait. At all conferences, every delegate has the problem of getting the masses of documents back home, since they are so very cumbersome. We were in the happy position of knowing that we could retrieve any documents we needed later simply by replaying our magnetic tapes to obtain printouts as needed for special groups, etc. That same year, in December, we went to Rome to attend the UN Con- ference on Food intending to link up with the computer again. However, because of technical difficulties with telephone lines, it never was possible to communicate with the computer, and even with all kinds of expert technical help, we never found out why it wouldn't work from Rome. When the Governing Council of the A view of the future. Photo : Wayne Miller Magnum. United Nations Environment Program- me met again in Nairobi in April 1975. important questions regarding the global environment were considered, and In addition to the NGOs in the United nal Assembly of NGOs Concerned with decisions were taken. Present as offi- States, resource panels were establis- the Environment. cial observers in Nairobi were repre- hed, and included such organizations Through the Hotline, participants sentatives from 90 non-governmental as the Smithsonian Institution, the outside Kenya did have some effect organizations. Far more participated Rockefeller Foundation. Columbia on the proceedings in Nairobi. A via computer technology. The Hot- University, USEPA. UNDP, SIPI, the broader range of informed and concer- line to Nairobi was a means of brin- American Museum of Natural His- ned people did participate and contri- ging together a greater network of tory, the UNEP office in New York, bute to the quality of important deci- individuals and organizations for the the Trust for Public Lands in San Fran- sions made at the Conference. It de- UNEP Governing Council meeting cisco, and the 14 Committees of the monstrated that the computer is effec- than would otherwise have been pos- North American Committee of NGOs tive as a means of making information sible. Concerned with the Environment. For available simultaneously in a number The computer, with its ability to store example, the University of Hawaii ser- of locations, and facilitating the parti- and retrieve information on request. ved as a resource center, and respon- cipation of people from remote focal was the unique ingredient utilized to ded when its advice was needed on non- enlarge the number of persons and or- points. polluting energy sources, such as winds ganizations participating in an interna- In June 1975, about 1200 governmen- and tides; and in Cambridge, the tional conference. The computer, as a tal delegates from 130 countries met at Smithsonian Centre for Short-Lived catalyst, aroused participants to new the invitation of the Mexican Govern- Phenomena had a special experimen- thought and action. As a result, people ment and under the auspices of the tal role, putting on line current infor- more often studied the conference do- United Nations '/International Women's cuments, followed the discussions, and mation regarding biological and geo- Year to discuss the role of women in more often reacted, at the time of the physical events. society and to develop a World Plan conference, by contributing points of of Action. view and specialized knowledge. Thus, The command. « Print Hotline In- using a new medium, people were able dex ». given by the focal points in At the same time, five miles across to play a role in decision-making. Washington. New York, Westport. Mexico City, some 5.800 international Through concurrent meetings that were Cambridge, and San Francisco, to the representatives of non-governmental held in New York. Washington, and computer, resulted in a printout of the organizations met in a Tribune to dis- « INDEX», a listing of all messages cuss the same subjects — without on line, which was up-dated every day. agenda and without protocol, but with representatives met once weekly for - people power ». They were not bound four weeks to discuss events taking Each focal point entered on line their by political considerations as much as place in Nairobi. During these meet- observations and advice, based upon by moral and ethical considerations. ings, a total of 68 messages were ente- the messages they had read, and in Simultaneously, many more miles red into the Hotline computer. Of Nairobi, those observations and ad- away in the United States and Canada. these, 23 were entered from Nairobi, vice were immediately brought to the groups organized by Hotline, re- 26 from the New York area. 16 from attention not only of NGOs. but also presenting local, national and interna- Washington, and 3 from the West tional non-governmental organizations Coast. The computer was an IBM country delegates, sessional commit- met to discuss the agenda items of the 370/168 utilized on a time-sharing tees, the Plenary Session, and the UNEP inter-governmental body and the com- basis. staff. The Holtline to Nairobi covered the Governing Council meeting, as well as mon concerns that were being discus- the preceding meeting of the Internatio- sed at the non-governmental Tribune.

98 ASSOCIATIONS TRANSNATIONALES, 3-1979 Computer communications

and were in communication with each at Columbia University. The findings other through a computer. of these seminars, together with sug- At these meetings, the attendance size varied. At the three meetings held in entered into the computer for a « dis- ration more flexible. New York at the United Nations, the cussion » among the college campu- Another addition to the Hotline to group size averaged about 50 indivi- ses. Each group was invited to put on Habitat was increased overseas par- duals representing about 45 organiza- line its recommendations for the agen- ticipation. A tieline connected with tions. In Philadelphiam an average of da, using not more than 20 lines of London and Paris facilitated coopera- 300 people attended each of two meet- text. This was on October 20th. Two tion with the United Nations Office ings. Other cities included Washington, days later, a draft agenda was developed of Public Information, as well as parti- Baltimore. Buffalo, Cleveland. Chica- from those recommandations by a cipation of voluntary agencies in En- go, San Francisco. Hanover (New gland and France, and other countries Hampshire). Worcester (Massachusetts), Each of the focal points then had 24 in Europe. Negotiations were under- and Vancouver. We were in touch with hours in which to respond again to the taken to include Africa. Asia, and still more cities, both in the United draft agenda. The final agenda was put Latin America, and voice-dver com- States and abroad, but were unable to on line at 10:00 a.m., October 24th, munication via COMSAT was achieved complete arrangements to include for use at the State Symposium on the which linked island people in the South them. With adequate funds and time, 28th. Pacific with farmers in South Dakota, it would have been possible to create We feel that the impact of the Sympo- who then put on line a record of their an international communications net- sium was considerably enhanced by conversations and their reactions. work. entering on-line the results of the cam- With the establishment of a series of While there were many differences be- pus preparatory conferences so they document depositories at the UN in tween the various groups, they all could be viewed by all the focal points New York, the HABITAT Secretariats shared an interest in the subject under prior to the adoption of the agenda. in New York and Vancouver, the Ha- discussion and in the use of the com- Also, it encouraged further seminars bitat National Center in Washington, puter network. Questions posed by to be convened after the Symposium. the UN Information Centers in Paris one focal point through its computer For HABITAT, the UN Conference and London, complete sets of files terminal were answered by others on Human Settlements, held in Van- were made available and could be pho- through their terminals, and all focal couver in May 1976, Hotline put tocopied. points were able to share in the ex- on line the three major UN Documents Hotline Service Centers were also change of data. for the conference, which made possi- established so that organizations and , Information about what was happening ble immediate retrieval of specific or governments could receive assistan- at the Conference in Mexico City was paragraphs. Since delegates in debate ce with their use of the Hotline net- put on tine, and the focal point groups refer to document items by paragraph, workm request printouts, or dictate were able to respond directly. Often this innovation by Hotline made it messages to be put on line by Hot- their responses were related to Resol- possible for those not at the conference line's operators in New York and utions already under discussion, and in to have access to the changing docu- Westport. This made possible partici- this way, they took a very active part ments and to be able to react to the pation by people with no knowledge of in the Conference proceedings without proceedings through the computer. computers or access to them. Informa- having to leave their homes. Over 120 By lending Hotline three computer tion was also available at the Service messages were entered into the IBM/ 370 computer during the Conference through the National CSS Time Sharing System. October 1975 saw our involvement with the 30th UN Day Observance in New York State, which focused on the United Nations international Women's Year. The week of October 18th was designated as « IWY Week » by the Chancellor of the State University of New York for the 64 SUNY campuses, representing a student body of 350,000. Hotline developed a unique computer conferencing technique to enhance interaction between and among the colleges and communities, and to facilitate communication. The SUNY programs were coordinated through computer terminals located on six campuses — the Centers at Stony Brook. Buffalo, Albany, and the Col- leges at Piattsburgh. New Paltz, and Brockport; and the School of Interna- tional Affairs at Columbia University. To prepare an Agenda for the Octo- ber 28th State Symposium, first a planning and training meeting was called in which six SUNY computer terminal operators and six campus coordinators participated. Subsequent to that meeting, seminars were held on the various SUNY campuses, as well as Photo Unesco: Alonsy-Vjuthey

TRANSNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS. 3-1979 "9 Computer communications

Centers on how to contact the computer the focal point operators in advance 5. Sometimes we are asked what is the by Telex. of a conference. advantage of using the computer over We learned that the kind of open com- using standard Telex messages. At the Hotline for Water, which we operated munications that have evolved through United Nations, there are commonly during the UN Conference on Water our Hotline network can contribute over 100 countries participating. TO at Mar Del Plata. Argentina, in March to the quality of decisions made at make a message available to all their 1977, included a number of further conferences, can stimulate greater home governments, it would be neces- refinements in our computer conferen- interest in the subject matter, and en- sary to send separate Telex messages cing network. Having learned that- courage more involvement in the to each one of them. Many of them technical problems can overwhelm followup process. would not be interested. With the com- the best laid plans, we took two com- Some other special features of Hot- puter, the message is entered only puter terminals, as well as two mo- line's operation are the following : once, and those who want it can get it. dems, to Mar Del Plata, and in fact, 1. The ability to put things on line when found that only one of the modems one wants to and retrieve information would work. We also developed a set What's Ahead ? when one wants to. It frees one from of very specific instructions which Hotline international hopes to ad- the compulsion that people must al- could be used to contact the computer vance the state of the art at future ways participate at the same time as through Telex from anywhere in the UN Conferences, such as those sche- in a face or a telephone conversation. world — and were prepared to operate duled on Technical Cooperation However, a special program that we in that fashion, if necessary. We en- Among Developing Countries in Sep- called the « talk . technique enabled tered messages online using both the conversation between terminals with tember 1978 in Buenos Aires, and on Telex and the computer terminal, and immediate responses and questions Science and Technology for Develop- supplemented these methods by dic- from focal points could be answered ment in August 1979 in Vienna. tating input to Hotline's secretary- immediately according to pre-establis- The United Nations Development Pro- operator in New York, which was hed protocols. gramme, in preparation for the Con- recorded on audio lape, and then trans- 2. We used two kinds of indexes. One ference on Technical Cooperation cribed into the computer terminal. was to use a « LIST FILES » command Among Developing Countries, has pre- IBM of Argentina co-operated with in response to which the computer lis- pared and distributed an international Hotline, and found the experiment ted file name, file type, and the num- directory of technical cooperation res- interesting and exciting. ber of lines. This required no human ources in developing countries. To Another first for Hotline for Water intervention. enhance the use of this valuable res- was our use of highspeed, offline However, this was insufficient for the ource, requests from conference par- printers which produced printouts needs of the users, so a special index at the rate of 600 to 2000 lines per ticipants to developing countries for was developed which was up-dated at minute. These were located in New updated information could be answe- least once a day by our operator, and York. Stamford. San Francisco. Den- red through computer terminals or which included a sequential number, ver. London. Paris, Boston, Chicago. Telex facilities located in the develop- file name, file type, file description, Houston, and Washington. Using the ing countries. the author, date, and number of lines. New York printer, we were able to An immediate response would under- This was a necessary tool for the Hot- deliver to the UN every morning all line the practical usefulness of such a line service. entries put on line the previous day, Directory. It would also become appa- A special program enabled the user to and with the cooperation of Argen- rent that use of computer and tele- retrieve the index is for specified tine Airline, to deliver copies of all communication technologies can pro- dates. entries to the Conference site in Mar Another special program was designed vide vital communication linkages be- Del Plata every night. for new users to whom we assigned an tween such areas. The use of these high-speed, offline « ID » code in response to which the The communication technologies now printers enabled us to supply printouts computer automatically asked them if in use by governments and inter-gov- to many more people than had pre- they wanted help. If they said « yes », ernmental organizations are. in some viously been possible, with far less cost they received a list of types of help respects, not greatly advanced over in both time and money. For example, available, such as « How to learn what those used in the Nineteenth Century a telephone request from one UN Mis- files are on line ». - How to retrieve at the « Congress of Vienna ». A great sion was received one morning at a file ». « How to create a file 0», and deal of time is consumed in oral pre- 9: 00 a.m. By 10: 00 a.m., a com- « How to revise a file ». sentations of national statements which plete printout of all entries on line was From the index, one could select the could be just as effective if « entered available to the Mission, and at noon items one wanted to retrieve, and de- was airborne in their overseas pouch. on-line ». termine the items to which one wan- Hotline made it possible for groups Translators are transported to confe- ted to respond. at the various focal points to address rence sites instead of working at home specific questions to their own obser- 3. Through computer communications, from printouts. vers at the Conference, who could then a different quality of content may Delegates often must vote without formulate answers and respond through emerge. A typed input may result in adequate information. Home govern- the computer. a more concise and carefully conside- ments sometimes dictate instructions The demonstration of Telex showed red response. There is also less like- without access to the latest conference that it could be used, it also showed lihood of an emotional one. documents. that it was more expensive, particular- In addition, all individuals have an All are buried under expensive moun- ly if long messages were involved, but equal opportunity to enter input, and tains of paper, but are often unable that the slow speed permitted a lower the absence of voice, body, and facial to have the documents they need when grade of telephone line to be utilized. movements and expressions creates a they want them. and therefore, it may function in si- different quality in the communica- We believe that if the United Nations tuations where the telephone transmis- tions. and the governments would apply mo- sion lines are weak. 4. Participation is possible for an unli- dern communications and computer We learned that some prior experience mited number of people in an unlimited technologies to these conferences, the and training in the use of both the ter- number of places, as groups and as costs would be reduced, the quality of minal and the Telex is necessary for individuals. decisions improved, and we would be on the way to a better world for all. That is a challenge for all of us here. •

100 ASSOCIATIONS TRANSNATIONALES, 3-1979 2nd SUPPLEMENT Changes of address and/ or name

2éme SUPPLEMENT Changements d'adresse et/ ou de nom

Ce supplément au Yearbook of International Organizations, This supplement to the Yearbook of International Organiza- 17e édition comporte les modifications suivante dont nous tions, 17th edition contains the following changes of which avons été informés : we have been informed : 1° le(s) nom(s) des organisations. Les noms sont donnés 1° The name(s) of organizations: The names are given be- ci-dessous en anglais et français, parfois en anglais seu- low in English and French. Where names in other lan- lement pour la section B (comme dans le Yearbook). guages have been modified, they will also be found. !f Lorsque des noms en d'autres langues que le français et they are not there, such names have not been changed. l'anglais ont été modifiés, on les trouvera également indi- Such changes are given immediately after the entry num- qués. S'ils ne sont pas repris ci-dessous, c'est qu'ils ber in the Yearbook and preceded by : « name » or n'ont pas subi de changement. Ces modifications sont « name and address ». annoncées immédiatement après le numéro de rubrique par les mentions «(name) » ou «(name and address) ». 2° The addresses of organizations: The new address is 2° les adresses des organisations. La nouvelle adresse est given in the place of the old. When there are several ad- donnée à la place de l'ancienne; lorsqu'il y a plusieurs dresses for the same organization, those which do not adresses pour une même organisation, les adresses qui change are indicated by « same address as before », or ne changent pas sont indiquées « same address as « no change ».The indication « Last known location » fol- before » ou "no change ». L'indication « Last known lowed by the name of a city indicates that the address location » suivie d'un nom de ville, signifie que l'adresse mentioned in the Yearbook is no longer valid and that ef- mentionnée dans le Yearbook n'est plus valable et que forts are being made to locate the new address. nous sommes à la recherche de la domiciliation actuelle. 30 Names of Secretaries General (SG), Presidents 3° les noms de secrétaires généraux (SG), Présidents (Près) recently nominated. (Près) récemment nommés. 4° les organisations dissoutes («Dissolved ») et celles pro- 40 Dissolved organizations and those which are provision- visoirement sans activité («Dormant »). ally dormant are appropriately indicated.

Section A

A 009 Aerospace Medical Association A 0110 Youth for Christ International (YFCI) Jeunesse pour Christ (JPC) Contact Roland H. Sharnburer (same address as before). EXEC Dir Jim Goren. 9 place de la Gare, CH-1260 Nyon. Switzerland 1 61.82.22 -61.82.23 C. CYFCI. Tx 28.93.52 cyfc ch. Headquarters CP 236, CH-1260 Nyon. Switzerland. A 0011 African Adult Education Association A 0111 Association for the Promotion of the International Circulation of the Press - DISTRIPRESS 307 46. Nairobi, Kenya. Managing Dir Dr Arnold Kaulich (same address as Before). A 0023 Industrial Property Organization for English-Speaking Africa (ESA- RIPO) A O117 Association of African Universities (AAU) Organisation de la propriete industrielle de l'Afrique anglophone Pres B W Prah. PO Box 30552. Nairobi. Kenya SG Prof Makany Levy, (same address as before)

TRANSNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 3-1979 101 Association internationale des charités A 0615 European Council of Chemical Manufacturers´ Federations - ECCMF Conseil européen des Fédérations do l'Industrie chimique - CEFIC Pres Mme Delva (same address as before). Dir gen (as before) Prés K Lanz, c/o Hoechst AG. D-6230 Frankfurt/Main 800. Germany FR A0152 International Rehabilitation - Special Education Network (IRSEN) A 0617 European Centre of Retail Trade -CECODE Oit John E Jordan, 166 Lexington Avenue. East Lansing Ml 48823. USA. SG Skusa. Sachsenring 89, D-5000 Köln, Germany FR. T. 32.20.91 A 0186 (new name) International Bee Research Association (BRA) Prés J De Koning. Bergeslaan 273/277, Rotterdam 4, Netherlands Association internationale de recherche apicole A 0646 European Committee of Manufacturers of Domestic Heating and A O199 (new name and new address) Commonwealth Weight lifting Fédération Cooking Appliances (CWF) Comité européen des fabricants d'appareils de chauffage et de cuisine domes- Federation haltérophile du Commonwealth tique - CEFACD Hon Sec Oscar Stale. OBE. 4 Godfrey Avenue. Twickenham TW2 7PF, Sec D Hersent. 2 rue de Bassano, F-75783 Paris Cedex. France r UK. 720.91.97,

A021S Caribbean Tourism Association (CTA) A 0652 European Committee of Pump Manufacturers - EUROPUMP Association touristique pour les Caraïbes Exec Dir Peter Morgan (same address as before). SG R Bicker Caarten. Vereniging FME/GPV. Postbus 190. NL-2700 Ad Zoetermeer, Netherlands. A 0281 (new name) Colombo Plan for Coopérative Economic and Social Development In Asia and the Pacific A 0703 European Cultural Centre - ECC Conseil du Plan de Colombo pour la cooperation économique et sociale en Asie Centre européen de la culture - CEC et dans le Pacifique. SG Marianne Dentan. Villa Moynier. 122 rue de Lausanne. CH-1202 Genève. Switzerland. T. 32.28.03. C. Unieuropa. A 0364 Commonwealth Committee on Mineral Resources and Geology - CCMRG Comité des ressources minérales et de géologie pouf le Commonwealth A O716 European Federation for the Welfare of the Elderly Regional Liaison Officer E G Hopkinson, Martborough House. Pall Mall. Federation européenne pour les personnes âgées - EURAG London SW1Y 5HX. UK. Gen Secretariat Schmiedgasse 26/1/100. A-8010 Graz. Austria. T. 42223. A 0387 European Federation of Associations of Lock and Builders Hardware Manufacturers - ARGE A 0767 European Fuel Merchants' Union - EUROCOM Federation européenne des associations de fabricants de serrures et de ferru- res SG Walter Schmidt, c/o Ebav, Skeppsbron 18. 801 2144. S-103 14 SG W H Hooghiemstra, Bredewater 20, Postbox 190. 2700 AD Zoeter- Stockholm. Sweden. meer. Netherlands A 0769 European Furniture Federation - EFF Union européenne de l'ameublement - UEA A 0388 Comparative Education Society in Europe SG E Ronse (same address as before).

Près Denis Kallen, Institut d'éducation. Fondation européenne de la A 0775 European Grassland Federation culture, c/o Université Dauphine. 1 place Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny. Federation européenne des herbages F 75116Paris, France. Federation Sec Dr J W Minderhoud. Dept of field crops and grassland

A 0534 Esperantist Ornithologists' Association Netherlands,

Sec G F Makkink, Eekhoornlaan 10. Wageningen-Hoog. Netherlands. A 0776 European Group for the Ardennes and the Eifel Près E W Chandler. C-57 Northcote St. Narembum NSW 2065. Australia. Groupement européen des Ardennes et de l'Eifel - GEAE SG Anne-Marie Reginster-Bragard. rue du Serpent 38. B-6600 Libramont. A 0559 European Association for the Study of Diabetes - EASD Belgique. Près Jacques Reginster. same address. Exec Dir J G L Jackson. 10 Queen Anne Street, London W1M OBD. UK. T. 6373644. A 0819 European Organization for Civil Aviation Electronics • EUROCAE Organisation européenne pour l'équipement électronique de l'aviation civile A 0560 European Association for the Study of the Liver - EASL SG M de Gironville, (same address as before).

Sec Dr Wolfgang Arnold, Dept of Medicine. Free University of Berlin. D- A 0850 International Society for Animal Blood Group Research - ISABR 1000 Berlin, Germany FR. Société internationale pour la recherche sur les groupes sanguins des animaux Sec Dr F Grosclaude. INRA - Laboratoire de génétique biochimique. F- A 0570 European Foundation for Management Development - EFMO 78350 Jouy-en-Josas. France. Fondation européenne pour le management Dir Gen Jean-Francois Poncet, Place Stephanie 20, B-1050 Brussels, A 0653 European Society for Opinion and Marketing Research - ESOMAR Belgium. T. 512.Î6.99. SG Mrs F Monti (same address as before). A O576 European Association of Perinatal Medicine Près CCJ de Koning (same address). Association européenne de médecine périnatale SG Dr H Bossart. Hôpital Cantonal Universitaire. CH-Lausanne. Switzer- A 0854 European Society for Pédiatrie Endocrinology • ESPE land. Société européenne d'endocrinologie pediatrique Sec Dr Rappaport. Hôpital des enfants malades. 149 rue de Sèvres, F- 75730 Paris CEDEX 15, France. A 0577 European Association of Poison Control Centres Association européenne des centres de lutte contre les poisons A 0858 European Society of Toxicology Contact Dr L Roche, Institut de médecine légale. 1405 Eye St NW. Was- hington DC 20053. USA. Secretariat BP 37, F-34430 St Jean de Vedas, France.

A 0585 (New name) Européen Association of Training Programmes in Health A O881 European Union for Child Psychiatry Services Studies Union européenne de pedopsychiatres - UEP Association européenne des programmes dans les études pour les services de santé. Registered Office same address as before. Près Augustin Serrate. Sta Joaquina Vedruna 4. Zaragoza 8, Spain.

A 0598 European Broadcasting Union (EBU) A 0900 European Union of Public Accountants Union européenne de radiodiffusion - UER Headquarters Ancienne Route 17A. Case postale 193, CH-1211 Genève. SG Prof Dr L Pemdon. Worthstrasse 42/1, D-80OO Mûnchen SO, Germany Switzerland. T. 98.77.66. Tx 28.91.93 C. Uniradio. FR T. 45.05.25. Technical Centre No change

102 ASSOCIATIONS TRANSNATIONALES, 3-1979 A 0909 Eurotest A 1363 International Association of Universities Eurotest Secretariat Rye du Commerce 20-22. Bte 7. B-1040 Brussels. Belgium. 1 513.5844. Tx 22877 EUTEST B. A 1370 International Association of Women and Home Page Journaliste A 0948 Federation of International Music Competitions AIJPF SG Dr F Liebstoeckl. 12 rue de l'Hôtel de Ville. CH-1204 Geneva. Suisse. Près Mme Lea Martel, (same address as before)

A 0953 Federation of Universities of Central America A 1374 International Association of Workers for Maladjusted Children - Federation d'universités de I'Amerique centrale 1AWMC SG Roberta Merlins Murua. Edificio Plaia del Sol, 12 Calle 2-04. Zona 9, Oficina 508, Guatemala. Guatemala. SG Serge Ginger (same address as before)

A 0974 Foundation for the Peoples of the South Pacific - FSP A 1401 International Bobsleighing and Tobogganing Federation 200 W 57th Street. New York NY 10019, USA. T. (212) 757 8884. Press Dott Amilcare Rotta. Via Piranesi 448. 1-20137 Milano. Italy. A 1017 Ibero-American Social Security Organization A 1407 International Brain Research Organization - I8RO SG Carlos Marti Bufill (same address as before). Organisation internationale de recherche sur le cerveau Sec Prof H van der Loos. Institut d'anatomie. rue du Bugnon 9. CH-1011 A 1034 Institute of Mathematical Statistics Lausanne 11 Chuv. Switzerland.

Exec Sec Dr Martin Fox, institute of Mathematical Statistics. A 1483 International Centre of Films for Children and Young People - ICFYCP Department of Statistics and Probability. Michigan State University. East Lansing Ml 48824. USA. Registered Office 10 rue de Mangnan. F-75008 Paris. France A 1O94 Inter-American Press Association - IAPA A 1566 International Commission on Physics Education Gen Manager James B Canel, 2911 N W 39th Street. Miami FL 33142, USA. T. (305) 634 2465. Sec Dr P J Kennedy. University of Edinburgh, Department of Physics, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9, UK A 1115 Intergovernmental Copyright Committee - IGC A 161O International Union of Food Science and Technology - IUFOST

SG J F Kefford. c/o CSIRO. Division of Food Research, Food Research A 1152 International Alliance of Women - IAW Laboratory. PO Box 52. North Ryde NSW 2113. Australia. Treas J F Diehl. c/o Institut für Strahlentechnologie. Postfach 3640. D- Hon Sec Edith Hedger. Parnell House, 5th Floor, Room 12, 25 Wilton 7500 Karlsruhe, Germany FR. Road. London SW1V 1LW. Royaume-Uni. T. 828 2189. Tx ALLINTER Lon- don SW1. A 1651 International Confederation for Thermal Analysis - ICTA Confederation internationale d'analyse thermique A 1163 International Amateur Wrestling Federation Sec Dr O Toft Sorensen. Metallurgy Department, RISC National Labora- Federation internationale de lutte amateur - FILA tory. DK-4000 RoskiIde, Denmark. Sec Milan Ercegan, Av Ruchonnet 3. CH-1003 Lausanne, Suisse. T. 22.84.26. A 1664 International Confederation of Executive Staffs

A 1234 International Association for the Study and Promotion of Audio-Visual Confederation internationale des cadres - CIC and Structuro-Global Methods - AIMAV SG M Grossbrohmer. Graffweg 66. D-4300 Essen 14, Germany FR. Association internationale pour la recherche et la diffusion des méthodes audio- vissuelles et structuro-globales A 1683 International Catholic Conference of Scouting • IOCS Conièrence internationale catholique du scoutisme - CICS SG Marcel De Grève, University of Gent. Faculty of Letters and Philosoph, SG Jordi Bonet. Calle Reina Victoria 16. Barcelona 21. Spam. T Blandijnberg 2. B-9000 Gent, Belgium. 211.5345

A 1746 International Council of Jewish Women • ICJW A 1238 International Association for the Study of Clays Association internationale pour l'étude des argiles - AIPËA SG Prof R Breeuwsma. Marykeweg 11. 6700 AB Wageningen. Nether- Près Mrs Eleanor Marvin, 15 E 26th Street. New York NY 10010. USA T lands. (212)532.1740.

A 1750 International Council of Nurses - ICN A 1247 International Association of Agricultural Librarians and Documenta- lists - IAALD Exec Director Winifred Logan (same address as before)

Sec-Treas D E Gray, 59 Row Town. Addlestone. Weybridge (Surrey) A 1754 (new name) Socialist International Women - ICSDW KT15 1HJ. UK. T, Byfleet 41111 Ext 313. Conseil international des femmes socialistes

A 1286 International Association of French-Language Sociologists A 1755 International Council of Societies of Industrial Design - ICSID Association internationale des sociologues de langue française - AISLF SG Raymond Ledrut, Centre 6e recherches sociologiques. Universit é de SG Mme H de Callatay (same address as before) Toulouse-Le-Mirail. 109 bis rue Vauguelin. F-31081 Toulouse CEDEX.

A 1762 International Council of Voluntary Agencies - ICVA A 1310 International Association of Medical Laboratory Technologists - Conseil international des agences bénévoles IAMLT Association internationale des techniciens de laboratoires médicaux Ëxec Dir Anthony Kozlowsk. 7 av de la Paix. CH-1202 Genève. Suisse Exec Director Guy C Pascoe, 1 Drayton Gardens. Winchmore Hill. London N21 2NT. UK. T, 3605196. A 1766 International Council on Archives - ICA

A 1318 International Association of Music Libéraries - IAML Exec Sec (no change). Association internationale des bibliothèques musicales - AIBM SG Carlos Wytfels. 2-6 rue de Ruysbroeck. B-1000 Brussels. Belgium. T SG Anders Lonn. Swedish Music History Archive, Sibyllegatan 2. S- 51376.80. 11451 Stockholm. Sweden. Près James B Rhoads. Archivist of the United States. National Archives and Records Service. Washington DC 20408. USA. A 1349 International Association of Students in Economics and Management A 1768 International Council for Correspondence Education ciales - AIESEC SG Ross Rhindress, Av Adolphe Buyl 123. B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. T. Près Prof Bakhshish Singh. Correspondence Courses. Punjabi University. 648 88.03 C. AIESECIAS. Tx 23O69 UNILIB B.

TRANSNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS. 3-1979 103 A 1771 international Council on Social Welfare - ICSW A 1929 International Federation for Home Economics - IFHE

SC Miss Ingrid Gelinek, Berggasse 9, A-1090 Wien. Austria SG Prof Odette Goncel, 64 Av Edouard Vnillant. F-92100 Boulogne.

A 1780 International Cystic Fibrosis (Mucovlscldosis) Association (ICF(M)A) Pres Ing Monica Tupay, Angermayergasae 1, A-1130 Wien, Austria

Pres George N Barrle, 202 E 44th St. New York NY 10017. USA A 1942 International Federation of Landscape Architects - IFLA A 1792 International Diabetes Fédération - IDF SG E F Fontes. Wildefûrstrasse 16a. D-32 Hildeshelm, Allemagne RF. Sec James G L Jackson, 10 Queen Anno Street, London W1M OBD, UK. Près Dr H F Werkmeister, same address. T. 637 3644. A 1945 International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions - A 1794 International Economic Association - IEA IFLA Federation internationale des associations de bibliothécaires et des bibliothè- 54 bd Raspail. F-75270 Paris. France. teques

A 1817 International Ethological Committee SG Dr Margareet Wijnstroom. Netherlands Congress Bldq, Churchillplein Comité international d'ethologie 10, NL-2508 EC Den Haag, Netherlands. Contact Or Marc Bekoff. University of Colorado, Dept of Epo Biology, Behavioral Biology Group. Boulder CO 80309, USA. A 1949 International Federation of Manufacturers and Converters of Pres- A 1841 International Federation for the Rights of Man sure-Sensitive and Heatseals on Paper and Other Base Materials SG Dr J E G le Jeune, Laan Copes van Catlenburch 79, NL-2585 EW Den SG Michel Blum (same address as before). Haag, Netherlands. T. 60.38.37. Tx 31684. Près Daniel Mayer (same address). A 1950 International Federation of Margarine Associations- I FM A A 1845 International Federation of Rural Adult catholic Movements SG Dr A Francke. (same address as before). FIMARC

A 1959 World Federation of Foreign-Language Teachers' Associations Près Roger Lelievre (same address). Federation internationale des professeurs de langues vivantes - FIPLV SG Robert Keiser. CH-6048 St Niklausen. Switzerland. T. 411612. A 1848 International Federation of Aero-Philatelic Societies Head Office Seestrasse 247. CH-8038 Zurich. Switzerland. T. 455040. Federation internationale des sociétés aerophilatéliques - FISA SG (same name and same address as before). Près Roland F Kohl. Postfach 1359. CM-8058 Zurich. Switzerland. T. A 1970 International Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngologlcal Societies - 1FOS 1 601773. Exec Dir Dr Francisco Hernandez Orozco, PO Box 19-136, Mexico DF. A 1852 International Federation of Air Traffic Controllers Association - Mexico. IFATCA Federation internationale des associations de contrôleurs du trafic aérien A 1986 International Federation of Prestressed Concrete Exec Sec E Bradshaw. 6 Longlands Park. Ayr (Ayrshire) KA7 4RJ. Sco- tland T. 029242114. SG-Treas BW Shacklock (same address as before). A 1862 International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC) A 1989 International Federation of Purchasing and Materials Management - Hon Sec Fred Margulies. Schlossplatz 12, A-2361 Laxenburg. Austria. T. IFPMM 02236/7547. Tx 79/248. Secretariat IPS House. High SI. Ascot (Berks) SL5 7HG. UK A 1869 International Federation of Boat Show Organizers - IFBSO

SG T A Webb. Boating Industry House. Vale Road. Oatlands. Weybridge A 1992 International Federation of Rail way men's Art and Intellectual Socie- (Surrey) KT13 9NS. UK. ties Fédération internationale des sociétés artistiques et intellectuelles de chemi- A 1884 International Federation of Christian Miners' Unions - IFCMU nots - FISAIC SG Friedrich Knop. Bundesbahn-Sozial Werk Hauptvorstand. Karlstrasse 4-6, D-6000 Frankfurt-Main, Germany FR. T. 265 5665. Près Robert Mourcr, CFTC. rue Nicolas Colson 49. F-57801 Freyming- Headquarters UAICF, 11 rue de Milan, F-75009 Paris, France. T. Uertebach. France 2859097. Près Gen Dr Emile Sen lesser, same address.

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TRANSNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 3-1979 105 INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS CALENDAR 19th EDITION 1979

2e Supplément 2nd Supplement

1979 Mar 8-9 Brussels (Belgium) 1979 Mar 22-23 Brussels (Belgium) European Institute for Advanced Studies in Management Workshop on - Analysis of European Institute for Advanced Studies in Management. Workshop on organisational consumer perceptions and preferences -. (YB n° B 3945) EIASM. Miss Dins Nagler, Place Stephanie 20. B-1050 Brussels. (YB no B 3945) EIASM. Miss Dina Nagler. Place Stephanie 20. B-1050 Brussels. 1979 Mar 8-9 Nashville (TN, USA) • 1979 Mar 22-24 Cambridge (UK) Dept of Civil Engineering and Engineering Science at Vanderbilt University and Nash- European Society for Clinical Investigation. Annual scientific meeting : Clinical investigation. P : 300. C : l 5. (YB n° A 0851) ville Section of the American Society of Civil Engineers. Int Symposium ; Comportement Hills Road. Cambridge. Dr Fred W Beaufait. Box 1533-Station B- Vanderbilt University, Nashville. TN 37235, 1979 Mar 23-25 London (UK) USA. Int Institute for Congress Research. British Committee. Technical managers seminar for

1979 Mar 13-15 Copenhagen (Denmark) Ann Cook. Conference Organising Division. Peter Peregrinus Ltd, 2 Savoy Hill. London World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, Planning Group on Evaluation WC2R OBP. UK. of Drugs and other Therapeutic and Diagnostic Substances, Masting. (YB no A 3548) B Scherfigsvej. DK-2100 Copenhagen. 1979 Mar 24-26 Karlsruhe (Germany, Fed. Rep.) Kosmetiktage-Kongress mit fachdemonstrationen. 1979 Mar 14-16 Bath (UK) Organisation. Ausstellungs und Kongress GmbH. Postfach 1206. 7500 Karlsruhe 1. Int Chamber of Commerce. 3rd Int shipping conference. (YB no A 1490) 38 Cours Albert 1er. F-75008 Paris. 1979 Mar 25-28 Chicago (IL, USA) 1979 Mar 14-20 Amsterdam (Netherlands) Photo Marketing Association Int. Convention. P: 17000. Ex. Int Federation of Air Une Pilote Associations. Congress. (YB no A 1851) Brian J Bramah Mgr Ts & Conv.. 603 Loosing Avenue. Jackson. Ml 49202. USA.

RR Amstelveen, Netherlands. 1979 Mar 25-29 Washington (USA)

1979 Mar 15-16 Brussels (Belgium) Richard D Heaton, Conférence organising committee, AWWA Research Foundation. European Institute for Advanced Studies in Management Seminar : What should be 6666 West Quincy avenue. Denver CO 80235. USA. taught in finance. (YB no B 3945) EIASM, MISS Dina Nagler. Place Stephanie 20. B-1050 Brussels, 1979 Mar 26-27 Dublin (Ireland) European Institute for Advanced Studies in Management. Seminar on detection and 1979 Mar 15-18 Oslo (Norway) measurement of strategic behaviour. (YB no B 3945) Service Civil Int. Reunions des secretaires européens el des commissions. EIASM. Miss Dina Nagler. Place Stephanie 20. B-1050 Brussels. (YB no A 2805) 35 avenue Gaston Diderich. Luxembourg. 1979 Mar 28-31 London (UK) Symposium on archaeometry and archaeological prospection. • 1979 Mar 19-21 Copenhagen (Denmark) Symposium Secretary. British Museum Laboratory, London WC1B 3DG. UK. World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe. Planning Group on Standardi- zation of Methods, Measurement and Terminology in Biomedical and Health Services 1979 Mar 28-Apr 2 Lyon (France) Research, meeting. (YB no A 3548) Journées professionnelles francophones de l'informatique. 8 Scherfigsvej. DK-2100 Copenhagen. Promolyon. Palais des congres, quai Achilla Liggon. F-69459 Lyon cèdex 3.

1979 Mar 20-21 Brussels (Belgium) 1979 Mar 30-31 (Belgium) European Institute for Advanced Studies in Management Workshop on application of (YS no A 2805) graph theory and combinatorix in management. (YB no B 3945) EIASM. Miss Dina Nagler. Place Stephanie 20. B- 1050 Brussels. 35 avenue Gaston Diderich. Luxembourg.

1979 Mar 20-23 Budapest (Hungary) 1979 Spring Milan (Italy) Collegium Int Activitatis Nervosae Superioris. 3rd Congress. (YB no B 5994) Comité hongrois du chauffage électrique Colloque : Chauffage électrique 79. Prot C L Caszullo. Ist di Clinica Psichiatrica, Vie Privata G F Besta 1. I-20161 Milan. Hungarian Electrotecnnical Association H-J055 Budapest Kossuth Lajos ter 6-8, Hungary 1979 Apr 2-3 London (UK) 1979 Mar 21-23 Charlerol (Belgium) Meeting on - The principles of conservation and care of collections. Int Onion of Police Trade Unions, Belgian Police Trade Unions. Congress. P : 150. Mr L E Fleming, c/o Dept of Conservation (O A). The British Museum. Great Russell (YB no A 2753) Street. London WC1B 30G. UISP. Forstresse 3a, D-4010 Hilden.

TRANSNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS. 3-1979 107 1979 April 3-6 Bilthoven (Netherlands) 1979 Apr 25-27 Montreux (Switzerland) World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe. Working Group on Health Int Direct Marketing and Mall Orders Symposiums, 11th symposium int de marketing di- Aspects Related to Inddor Air Quality. (YB n° A 3548) rect at de vonto par correnspondance: avec semninaires: 1) Marketing garnd public pour 8. Scherhgsvej, DK-2100 Copenhagen services financiers; 2) la vente por correspondance - principes de base; 3) la vente par correspondance - coûta de perfectionnement pour professionnels. Ex Mail order mer- 1979 Apr 3-6 Monte Carlo (Monaco) chandise mart. Séminaire GEVERS de finance Internationales. P : 500. Direction du Tourisme et des Congrés; 24 Bd des Moulins, MC-Monte Carlo. Conférence secretarial. Frochstrasse 84, POB 214. CH-8032 Zurich.

1979 Apr 5-7 Koningstein (Germany, Fed. Rep.) 1979 Apr 26-27 Brussels (Belgium) Int Federation for Documentation, Committee on Classification Research. 1 st regional European Institute for Advanced Studies In Management. Work shop on production conference- and 3rd annual conference of the Gesellschaft fur Klassification. management : implementation and theory. (YB no B 3945) (YB n° A 1823) EIASM. Miss Dina Nagler, place Stéphanie 20, B-1050 Brussels. Gesellchatt fur Klassitikation EV. Woogstrasse 36a. D-6000 Frankfurt 50. 1979 Apr 26-28 Lyon (France) 1979 Apr 5-9 Monte Carlo (Monaco) Fédération des Etablissements Hospitaliers d'Assistance Privée. Congres. Promolyon. palais des congres, Quai Achille Lignon, F-69459 Lyon cedex 3. 3e Conference int sur la médecine d'urgence. P : 600. Direction du Tourisme et des Congrès, 24 Bd des Moulins, MC. Monte Carlo. 1979 Apr 27-May 2 Dubrovnik (Yugoslavia) 7th Symposium of the - Pionniers de Marbella • on : In the turning of the big planetary 1979 Apr 18-20 Monte Carlo (Monaco) game European Broadcasting Union. Commission Juridique. Reunion. P : 75. (YB no A 0599) Institut Français du Libre Service et des Techniques modernes de distribution, 46 rue de Clichy. F-75009 Paris.

1979 Apr 2O-21 Lyon (France) 1979 Apr Chicago (IL, USA) Société Franco-Allemande de gynécologie. Congres. World Education Laundering Cleaning congress. P : 5000. Ex. Promolyon. Palais des congres. Quai Achille Lignon, F-6945S Lyon cèdex 3. Robert T Kenworthy, Exp Mngt, 866 United Nations P/aza. New York. NY 10017.

1979 Apr 22-26 Bogota (Colombia) 1979 Apr Strasbourg (France) Latin American Iron and Steel Institute. Coal congress ; 1 ) Mining and preparation of Council of Europe. Council for Cultural Co-operation. Conference : Young children from birth to eight in European society in the 1980s. (YB no A 0435) Direction des services de presse et d'information. Conseil de l'Europe. F-67006 Stras- bourg cedex. ILAFA. POB 16065. Santiago 9. Chile.

1979 May 1-6 Deauville (France) 1979 Apr 22-26 Kathmandu (Nepal) Symposium de médecine chinoise. P : 200. c/o Office du tourisme de Deauville, place de la Mains. BP 79, F-14800 Deauville. 1979 Asian top managment convenntion on - Managment and industrial development 1979 May 1-15 Obertaftenhofen (Germany. Fed. Rep.) in Asia -. World Meteorological Organization. Int seminar on meteorological forecasting for so- Institute of Marketing and Management, 62-F, Sujan Singh Park. New Delhi 110 003, aring flight. (YB no A 3556) India WMO. CP 5. Ch-1211 Geneva 20.

1979 Apr 23-25 Brussels (Belgium) 1979 May 2-8 Metz (France) European Institute for Advanced Studies in Management Workshop on control sys- 4e Festival int de science fiction. tems and processes in public and non-profit organisations. (YB n° B 3945) Metz congres, office du tourisme. Porte Serpenoise. F-57007 Petz cedex. EIASM, Miss Dina Nagler, place Stéphanie 20, B-1050 Brussels. 1979 May 4 Brussels (Belgium) 1979 Apr 23-26 Key Biscaine (FL, USA) European Institute for Advanced Studies In Management. Workshop on mergers and Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Int. Meeting. company evaluation in Europe. (YB n° B 3945) Mrs Eve Bumette, Conv Coord. 1155 JSBl Street NW. Washington, DC 20005. USA. EIASM. Miss Dina Nagler. place Stephanie 20. B-1050 Brussels.

1979 May 6-10 Seattle (WA, USA) 1979 Apr 23-26 Tokyo (Japan) American Fracture Association. Int meeting. P : 450. Int Organization for Standardization. TC 22. Véhicules routiers. Meeting. Diane Longenecker, Caiman, Box 10202, Atlanta. CA 30519. USA. (YB no A 2314) AFNOR, c/o ISO, 1 rue de Varembé, CP 56, CH-121 1 Geneva 20. 1979 May 7-9 Brussels (Belgium) European Institute for Advanced Studies in Management Seminar on organization in a 1979 Apr 23-28 Brazzaville (Congo) African Postal Telecommunications Union. Séminaire sur la gestion financière des of- EIASM. Miss Dina Nagler. place Stephanie 20. B-1050 Brussels. fices des postes et telecommunications. (YB n° A 0014) Av Patrice Lumumba. BP 44, Brazzaville. 1979 May 7-9 Liege (Belgium) European Society of Cardiology. Meeting : Sudden death. (YB no A 0859) 1979 Apr 23-29 Mexico (Mexico) ESC. Secretariat Cardiothoracic Institute. 2 Beaumont Street London WIN 2DX, UK. 3rd World congress on water resources. Ing Gemando Gonzalez Villarreal. Commission del planeacion national hidraulicos, • 1979 May 9-11 Istanbul (Turkey) TEPIC n° 40. 51. Mexico 7. Int Council for Building Research Studies and Documentation. W60 - The performance concept in building, meeting. (Y9 no A 1723) 1979 Apr 24-26 Copenhagen (Denmark) POB 20704, NL-3001 JA Rotterdam. Netherlands. Work) Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe. Consultative Group on Pro- gramme Development, meeting. (YB n° A 3548) 1979 May 10-12 Marseille (France) 8 Scherfigsvej. DK-2100 Copenhagen. Congres int de radiologie. Pro! Cheviot. CHU de la Timone. F-13385 Marseille cedex 4. • 1979 Apr 24-26 Prague (Czechoslovakia) Int Council for Building Research Studies and Documentation. W 69. Housing Sociol- 1979 May 10-13 Metz (France) ogy, meeting. (VB n° A 1T23) Congres européen des orthodontistes. POB 20704. NL-3001 JA Rotterdam. Netherlands. Metz congres, office du tourisme, porte Serpenoise. F-57007 Metz cedex.

1979 Apr 24-27 Lyon (France) 1979 May 12-19 Deauville (France) Int Association of Ports and Harbors. Congress. P : 900. (YB no A 1329) Promolyon. palais des congres, quai Achille Lignon. F-63459 Lyon cedex 3. c/o Office du Tourisme de Deauville. place de Ia Maines. BP 79, F-14800 Deauville.

1979 Apr 25 Utrecht (Netherlands) 1979 May 13-2O (Poland) lot Union of Police Trade Unions, Nederlandse Politiebond- Congress. (YB no A 2753) Int Association of Agricultural Students. Seminar : Specialisation and co-operation in agriculture as the factors conditioning progress. P: 70. (YB n° A 1249) UISP, Forstrasse 3a. D-4010 Hilden. IAAS, Information Office. The Student Union, Ultana. S-75 007 Uppsala, Sweden. 1979 Apr 25-26 Peebles (UK) Int Union of Police Trade Unions, Scottish Police Federation. Congress. P : 150. 1979 May 14-17 Bucharest (Rumania) World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. Working Group on Quality Con- (YB n° A 2753) trol in Health Laboratories, meeting. (YB n° A 3548) UISP. Forstrasse 3a. D-4010 Hilden. 8 Scherfigsvej. DK-2100 Copenhagen. 1979 Apr 25-26 1979 May 15-16 Copenhagen (Denmark) World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. Planning meeting for workshop (Barbados) on basic sanitation problems in Arctic areas. (YB n° A 3648) Caribbean Development Bank. Annual meeting of Board of Governors. P : 150. 3 Scherligsvej. DK-2100 Copenhagen. (YB no A 4023) POB 408, Wildey. St Michael, Barbados. 1979 May 15-17 Blackpool (UK) Int Union of Police Trade Unions. Police Federation of England/Wales Congress. P . • 1979 Apr 25-27 Kingston (Jemaica) 500. UISP. Forststrasse 3a. D-4010 Hilden. (YB n° A 2753) Carribean Employers Confederation. Annual general meeting : Confederation business, members reports P : 20. C. 11 (YB no A 0211) CEC, POB 911, Port of Spain. Trinidad.

TRANSNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 3-1979 1 09 1973 May 15-18 Algarve (Portugal) 1979 May Boston (MA, USA) World Health organization, Regional Office for Europe. Working Group on the Early De- Int Association of Personnel Women. Meeting. P : 250. (YB n° B 3910) J Shilfert. Exec Dir, 2017 Walnut Street. Philadelphia. PA 19103. USA. tection of Handicap in Children. Meeting (YB no A 3548) .s Schefigsvej. DK -2100 Copenhagen. 1879 May Lyon (France) European Committee of Weighing Instrument Manufacturers. European congress 1979 May 15-18 Amsterdam (Netherlands) (YB n° B 0657) UN Economic Commission for Europe, Timber Committee. Seminar on utilisation of Promolyon, palais des congrès, quai Achille Lignon. F-69459 Lyon cedex 3 tropical hardwoods. (YB no B 4176) Palais des Nations. CH-12H Geneva 10. 1979 Jun 1-2 Prague (Czechoslovakia) World Health Organisation. Régional Office for Europe. Annual meeting of the Drug 1979 May 15-18 Hamilton (New Zeeland) Utilization Research Group. Int. symposium: The agricultural industry and its effect on water quality. 8 Schertigsvej: DK-2100 Copenhagen.

Dr C J Schouten, Water and Soil division, ministry of works and development, private bag. Hamilton.

1979 Jun 3-6 San Antonio (TX. USA) 1979 May 16-18 Rome (Italy) Travel Research Association. Int meeting. P : 300. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. Working Group on the Préven- Mari Lou Wood. Box 8068. Foothill Sta. Salt Lake City, UT 84103. USA. tion of Ischeamic Heart Disease, meeting. (YB n° A 3548) 8 Scherfigsvej. DK-2100 Copenhagen. 1979 Jun 4-6 Oslo (Norway) Int Federation of the Periodical Press. 22nd World congress. (YB n° A 2027) • 1979 May 16-19 Bruges (Belgium) FIPP, 78 Ebury Street. London SW1 W9OD, UK. Int Broncho-Pneumologie Association. 28th Congress : Etiopathogeny of pulmonary cedema. allergie alveolitis. surgery in pulmonary oedema. (YB no A 1236) • 1979 Jun 4-8 Las Vegas (NV, USA) A Z Sint-Jan. Ruddershovelaan. B-8000 Brugge. Belgium. Int Federation of Newspaper Publishers, 32nd Congress. (YB no A 1965) FIEJ, 6 me du Faubourg Poissonnière, F-75010 Paris. 1979 May 18 Ravenna (Italy) Int Road Federation. General assembly. (YB n°A 2418) 1979 Jun 5-6 Newcastle (UK) IRF, 63 rue de Lausanne. CH-Geneva. Int Union of Police Trade Unions, Police Federation of Northern Ireland. Congress. P : 90. UISP, Forststrasse 3a, D-4010 Hilden. (YB n° A 2753) 1979 May 19 Wellsboume (UK) Int Bee Research Association. Annual meeting : Pollination of vegetable crops. P : 150. 1979 Jun 5-7 Hannover (Germany. Fed. Rep.) C: 10. (YB no A 0168) Int Federation for Information Processing - TC4. 3rd Working conference • Optimiza- Hill House. Gerrards Cross. Bucks. SL9 ONR. UK. tion computer - ECG processing. (YB no A 1818) Dipl - Ign Chr Zywietz. Arbeitsgruppe Biosignlaverarbeitung im Dept Biometrie und 1979 May 20-23 Miami Beach (FL USA) Medizinische Informatik der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover, Karl-Wiechert-AI- Int Institute of Municipal Clerks. Convention. P : 800. Ex. (YB n° B 406) lee 9. D-3000 Hannover 61. John J Hunnewell. Exec Dir.. 16O N Altadena Dr. Pasadena. CA 9)107. USA. 1979 Jun 5-9 Madrid (Spain) 1979 May 21-23 Geneva (Switzerland) Int Olive Oil Council. 40th Session. (YB no A 2302) UN Economic Commission for Europe. Timber Committee. Ad hoc meeting on forest resources assessment, including quantification of the environmental benefits of the forest. (YB no B-1176) 1979 Jun 6-8 Aalborg (Denmark) Palais des Nations. CH-1211 Geneva 10. Int Union of Police Trade Unions. Dansk Politiforbund. Congress. P : 175. (YB no A 2753) 1979 May 21-23 Lyon (France) UlST. Forststrasse 3a. D- 4010 Hilden. Société de Microscopic Electronique. Congrès. Promotion, valais des congres, Quai Achille Lignon, F-69459 Lyon cedex 3. 1979 Jun 6-8 Brussels (Belgium) European Institute for Advanced Studies in Management. Seminar on alternative or- 1979 May 21-23 Lyon (France) ganisations (YB no B 3945) Wire Association. Colloque int. EIASM. Miss Dina Nagler, place Stephanie 20. B-1050 Brussels. Promotion, palais des congres, Quai Achille Lignon. F-69459 Lyon cèdex 3. • 1979 Jun 6-9 Uppsala (Sweden) 1979 May 21-24 London (UK) Int Society on Family Law. 3rd World conference : Family living in a changing society. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. Seminar on planning and imple- (YB n° B mentation of teacher training programmes. (YB no A 3548) 5996) 8 Scherfigsvei, DK-210O Copenhagen. Mr J M Eekelaar. General Secretary, ISFL. Pembroke College. Oxford OXI, lDW, UK.

• 1979 May 22-24 Prats de Mollo (France) 1979 Jun 11-14 Jerusalem (Israel) European Confederation of Agriculture. Conference européenne pour les régions de Symposium : Problèmes de la paix à l'âge nucléaire. montagne. (YB no A 0686) IPARI. POB 7111, 61170 Tel Aviv. Israel. CP 87. CH-5200 Brougg. Switzerland. 1979 Jun 11-15 Geneva (Switzerland) 1979 May 23-26 Deauville (France) FAO/ECE, Working Party on forest economics and statistics 12th session. Congrès int de anysetiers. P ; 300. ECE. Palais dos Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10. (YB n° A 0971/B 4176) c/o Office du tourisme de Deauville, place de la Mains. BP 79. F-14800 Deauville. 1979 Jun 11-16 Vienna (Austria) 1979 May 24-36 Marseille (France) Lion's Int Club. Congress. World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe. Workshop on country health 6 rue Florae. F-2 13005 Marseille. planning in European health planning and management education, (YB no A 3548) 8 Schertigsvej. DK-2100 Copenhagen. 1979 May 25-27 Moscow (USSR) 1979 Jun 12 Monte Carlo (Monaco) World Psychiatric Association/AII Union Society of Psychiatrists of the UDSSR Mos- Int microwaves symposium. P : 600. cow. Symposium on follow-up studies in psychiatry-recent advances in psychopharm- Direction du Tourisme el des Congrès. 24 Bd dos Moulins. MC-Monte Carlo. acology. (YB no A 3577) 1979 Jun 14-15 Brussels (Belgium) Dr Denis Leigh. Maudsley Hospital. Denmark Hill, SE5 8AZ, London. UK. European Institute for Advanced Studies in Management. Seminar on public policy for regulated monopolies and public enterprises. (YB no B 3945) 1979 May 26-Jun 2 San Antonio (TX. USA) EIASM. Miss Dina Nagler. place Stéphanie 20. B-1050 Brussels. Int Big game hunters fishermans conference. P : 1000, Ex. Bon Holleon, 900 NE Loop 410. Ste D-211. San Antonio. TX 78209. 1979 Jun 15 Geneva (Switzerland) Int Federation of Petroleum and Chemical Workers. Executive Board meeting. 1979 May 29-Jun 1 Washington (USA) (YB n° A 1975) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Conference : Laser engineering appli- POB 6603. Denver, Co 80206. USA. cation P 1000. Ex. (YB no B 0621) Susan S Henman Mgr.. Courtesy Assn Ste 700. 1629 K Street NW. Washington. DC 1979 Jun 17-20 Ottawa (Canada) 20006. Int Association for Suicide Prevention. 10th Int congress : Suicide prevention and cri- sis intervention. (YB no A1210) 1979 May 31 Brussels (Belgium) Secretariat IASP congress. 79. Suite 700. 71 Bank Street. Ottawa. European Institute for Advanced Studies in Management. Workshop on int finance. (YB no B 3945) 1979 Jun 17-27 Haifa EIASM, Miss Dina Nagler, place Stephanie 20, B-1050 Brussels. (Israel) Mt Carmel Int Training Center for Community Service/Unicaf, Israel National Commit- 1979 May Arusha (Tanzania) tee. Biennal int seminar : The Childhood, community and culture. (YB n° B 3380) Int Council of Voluntary Agencies/UNHCR... Major conference to appraise the situa- Mt Carmel Int Training Centre for Community Services, 12 David Street POB 6111. tion of African refugees and to examine and promote solutions to African refugee problems as they are now developing and will develop in coming years. 1979 Jun18-20 Glasgow (YB noA 1762/B 3016) (UK) ICVA. 17 avenue de la Paix, CH-1202 Geneva. IFIP/IFAC 3rd Joint conference on computer applications in the automation of shipyard operation and ship design. (YB n° A 1828/A 1862) IFIP. 3 rue du Marche, CH-1204 Geneva.

TRANSNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 3-1979 111 1979 Jun 18-21 Seattle (WA, USA) 1979 Julie 16-20 Birmingham Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Group Antennae Propagation Socie- (UK) ty Int meeting. P 600 (YB n° B 0621) Association of Directors of Social Services Int workshop Value for money in personal 345 E 47th Street New York. NY 10017. social services. Association of Directors of Social Services. POB 93-Snow Hill House, 10-15 Livery 1979 Jun 18-23 New York (USA) Street. Birmingham. Int powder metallurgy conference. P : 1500. Ex. Box 2054. Princeton. NJ 08540. USA Congres mondiale de pediatrie 1979 Jun 19-21 Rennos (France) Prof Carcassonne. CHU de la Timono, avenue Jean Moulin. F- 13005 Marseille Int Union of Police Trade Unions, Fédération Autonome des Syndicats de Police. Con- gress. (YB n° A 2753) • 1979 Jul 22-27 Kansas City (Ml, USA) UISP. Forststrasse 3a. D-4010 Hilden. Altrusa Int. Int meeting. P : 1000. (YB n° A 0045) Mrs Dorothy E Kuelhorn, Exec Dir.. 332 S Michigan Avenue. Chicago. IL 60604. USA 1979 Jun 19-21 Heidelberg (Germany, Fed. Rep.) World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe. Study effects of rehabilitation 1979 Jul 22-28 Geneva (Switzerland) and secondary prevention, meeting of the editorial board. (YB n° A 3548) European Association for Humanistic Psychology. 3rd European conference for Huma- 8 Scherfigsvej. DK-2100 Copenhagen. nistic psychology. EAHP. 43 chemin de la Greube. CH-1214 Vernier-Geneva. 1979 Jun 20-22 Bethlehem (PA, USA) Int Association for Mathematics and Computers in Stimulation, 3rd IMACS int sympo- 1979 Jul 23-28 (USSR) sium on « Computer methods for partial differential equations ». (YB n° A 1174) World Meteorological Organization. Planning meeting for the study conference on land IMACS, Robert Vehnevetsky. The Rutgors University, Dept of Computer Science, New surface processes in climate models. (YB no A 3556) Brunswick. NJ 08903. USA. WMO. CP4. CH-1211 Geneva 20.

1979 Jul Atlanta (GA, USA) 1979 Jun 20-22 London (UK) Pilot Club Int. Convention. P : 2500. Ex. (YB n° B 4421) World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe. Planning Group on Information Almetta Brooks. Exec Adm.. 244 College Street. Box 4844. Macon. GA 31208. USA. Systems for the Biomédical Research Promotion and Development Programme, Meet- ing. (YB no A 3548) 8 Scherfigsvej. DK-2100 Copenhagen. 1979 Jul San Antonio (TX. USA) Cosmopolitan Int. Meeting. P : 500. (YB no B 4962) Fred Gonzalez. Exec Dir.. Box 4588. Overland Prk. KS 66204. USA. 1979 Jun 21-24 Monte Carlo (Monaco) Int Committee for Esthetics and Cosmetology. World congress. P : 1000. (YB n°A 1575) • 1979 Aug 1-1O Lagos (Nigeria) Direction du Tourisme et des Congres, 24 Bd des Moulins. MC~Monte Carlo. World Council for the Welfare of the Blind. 6th World conference : Cooperation. P : 500. C: 72. (YB no A 3499) 1979 Jun 24-27 New York (USA) 58 avenue Bosquet F-75007 Paris. Institute of Internal Auditors. Annual meeting. P: 2000. Ex. (YB no A 1031) 5500 Diplomat Circle, Ste 104, Orlando. FL 32810. USA. 1979 Aug 4-10 Oklahoma City (OK, USA) Int Flying Farmers Association. Meeting. P : 1200. Ex. (YB n° B 5014) 1979 Jun 24-28 Anaheim (CA, USA) Glenn W Walsh. Exec Dir.. Midcontinent Airport. Wichita. KS 67209. USA. Loyal Order Moose Supreme Lodge. Convention. Carl A Weis. Sup. Sec.. Moosehart. IL 60539. USA. 1979 Aug 5-1O Boston (MA, USA) Int Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology. 4th Congress. P. 250. C : 10. 1979 Jun 25-26 Brunnen (Switzerland) (YB no A 4587) European Confederation of Agriculture. Groupe de Travail « CEA/CICA pour le Credit Carlo j De Luca, Children s Hospital Medical Center. 300 Longwood Avenue. Boston. Agricole Coopératif. Meeting. (YB n° A 0686) MA 02115, USA. CP 87. CH-5200 Brougg. Switzerland. 1979 Aug 6-11 Columbus (OH. USA) 1979 Jun 26-28 Prague (Czechoslovakia) Int Rescue and First Aid Association. Convention. P : 1000. Ex. (YB n° B 3904) L Lodge Weber. Exec Dir.. 880 Georged Road. North Brunswick. NJ 08902. USA. J E Purkyne, Czechoslovak Med. Society. Sokolska 31. 120 26 Prague 2. 1979 Aug 12-16 San Diego (CA, USA) Int Society of Arboriculture. Convention. P : 1000. Ex. 1979 Jun 26-3O Madrid (Spain) E C Bundy. Box 71. Urbana. IL 61601. USA. European congress of paedopsychiatry. Prof Dr Serrate. Sarragossa Madre. Veduna 4. Spain. • 1979 Aug 19-24 Christiansund (Norway) 1979 Jun Berlin (West) Int Council on Social Welfare. 10th Collogue regional : Nouvelles orientations des politiques sociales - examen critique des experiénces scandinaves et enseignement a en European Federation of Finance House Associations. 19th Congress. Ex. (YB n°A 0731) tirer pour l'ensemble de la region. (YB no A 1771) EUROFINAS. avenue de Tervueren 267 - Bte 10. B-1150 Brussels. ICSW. Regional Office. 42 me de Camoronne. F-75749 Paris cedex 15.

1979 Jun Paris (France) 1979 Aug 19-26 Portschach (Austria) Int Council of Museums, int Committee for Modem Art Museums. Plenary meeting. Int Association for Research in Income and Wealth. 16th Biennal conference : Select- (YB no A 1749) ed topics in national income and wealth accounting. P ; 250. (YB no A 1206) Mr P Hulten. Directeur du musée d'art moderne. CBAC, Georges Pompidou. 35 Bd de 37 Hillhouse Avenue. New Haven. CT 06520. USA. Sevastopol. F-75004 Paris. 1979 Aug 20-24 Boulder (CO. USA) 1979 Jun Portland (OR. USA) World Meteorological Organization. Meeting : Intercommision of low level sounding sys- Int Footprint Association. Meeting. P : 500. (YB no B 0241 ) tems ? (YB n° A 3556) 7040 Broadway Terrace. Oakland. CA. USA. WMO. CP5. CH-1211 Geneva 20.

1979 Aug 2O-25 Warsaw (Poland) • 1979 2nd quarter Rome (Italy) UN Economic Commission for Europe, Timber Committee. Seminar on the effects of Int Federation for Information Processing. TC 4. WC on « Expected changes in biom- airborne pollution on vegetation. (YB no B 4176) édical instrumentation due to microprocessor technology ». (YB n° A 1828) Palais des Nations. CH-1211 Geneva 10. IFIP. TC 4. J roukens. Director. SAZZOG Foundation. Groningen Singel 1043-1045. 6835 GN Arnhem. Netherlands. 1979 Aug 21-25 Leipzig (Germany. Fed, Rep.) Int Council of Museum, Int Committee for Museums ana Collections of Musical Instru- 1979 Jul 1-5 Oxford (UK) ments Meeting. ,(YB no A Society for Psychotherapy Research. European conference. 1749) Prof M Gelder, Wamelord Hospital. Oxford. Dr F Hellwig. Germansches National museum. Posttach 9580. D-8500 Nurenberg. Germany FR. 1979 Jul 7-12 York (UK) 3rd colloquium on school psychology : Psychology for children today and tomorrow : 1979 Aug 22-25 Minneapolis (MN. USA) role of psychologists in the schools in preparing for a changing world. Toastmasters Int. Convention. P : 800. (YB n° B 1444) ISP Secretariat, 92 S Dawson Street. Columbus, OH 43209. USA. 2200 N Grand A venue. Santa Ana. CA 92711. USA.

1979 Aug 23-29 Batavia (IL, 1979 Jul 8-12 Metz (France) USA) 3e Symposium int sur les composants organiques du Sellenium et du Tellure C : 24. Symposium Int 1979 sur les interactions leptoniques et photoniques aux hautes éner- Metz congres, office du tourisme. Porte Serpenoise. F-75007 Metz cedex gies

1979 Jul 10-12 Lyon M C Brown, Secretaire du symposium, département de physique, laboratoire Fermi (France) Societe de Chimie Heterocyclique. Congrés. POB 500. Batavia. IL 60510. Promotion, palais des congrés, quai Achille Lignon, F-69459 Lyon cedex 3. 1979 Aug 24-25 Hannover (Germany. Fed Rep) Int Federation for Information Processing. Conference on data bases in the humani- ties and social sciences

3 rue du Marche. CH-1204 Geneva.

TRANSNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 3-1979 113 1979 Aug 26-31 Melbourne (Australia) 1979 Sep 17-22 Munich (Germany, Fed. Rep.) Int Council on Social Welfare. Regional conference : Shaping the future for our children Int Institute of Space Law. Colloquium during linked to the Int astronautical congres 1) energy and outer space 2) telecommunications. 3) status of Int space flight. P: 100 Mr Ian Yates. 1979 Conference Director. Australian Council of Social Service, POB (YB no A 2163) E158 St James. Sydney. NSW 2000. Australia. IISL, D r I H P h Diederiks-Varschoor. Leestraot 43, Baarn, Netherlands.

1979 Aug 26-Sep 4 (Israel) 1979 Sep 17-22 Nancy (France) Int Association of Agricultural Students. Seminar : Assistance In the planning of agri- UN Economic Commission for Europe, Timber Committee. Seminar on mechanization culture in developing countries; and round table. (YB no A 1249) techniques of thinning operations (YB n° B 4176) IAAS Information Office. The Student Union, Ultana, S-75007 Uppsala. Sweden. Palais dos Nations. CH-1211 Geneva 10.

1979 Aug 28-S0P 14 Falfield (UK) 1979 Sop 19-21 Stuttgardt (Germany, Fed. Rep). Int Hospital Federation. Int seminar for senior hospital engineers : Focus on appropri- 9th European small business seminar on « Sub-contracting and export marketing » ate technology Diplm -Fkm Dieter Ibielski, Leiter der Abteilung Kommunikation, RKW, Gulleutstrasse 163-167. Posttach 11 91 93 D-6000 Frankfurt 11. Secretary. Mr J E Fumess, IFH Engineering. The Institute of Hospital Engineering. 20 Landport Terrace, Southsea, Hampshire PO1 2RG. UK. 1979 Sep 21-24 London (UK) Int Federation for Information Processing. Council and general assembly meetings 1979 Aug San Diego (CA, USA) 3 rue du Marche, CH-1204 Geneva. (YB n° A 1828) Int shade tree conference. P • 1000. Ex. E C Bundy. 3 Lincoln Square, Box 71. Urbana, IL 61801, USA 1979 Sep 23-26 Atlanta (GA, USA) 1979 Sap 2-15 Dobogoko (Hungary) Int Claim Association. Meeting. P : 800. (YB no B 1675) Institut Unifié de Recherche Nucléaire (Doubna)/European Organisation for Nuclear Alfreed S Hammond, Sec.. State Mutual Lite Assurance Co Amer., 440 Lincoln Street, Research. 6e Colloque conjoint : Physique de neutrino, chromodynamque quantita- Worcester. MA 01605, USA. tique, nouvelles particules, phénoméne á grande impulsion traverse et physique de 1979 Sep 24 Liverpool (UK) I électron-positon. (YB no A 0820) Int Council of Museums, Int Committee for Glass Museums and Collections. Meeting. M K Szego, Institut central de recherches en physique, BP 49. H-1525 Budapest. (YB n° A 1749) Dr W von Kalnein. Kunstmuseum. Ehrenhol 5, D-4000 Dusseldorf, Germany FR. 1979 Sep 3-7 Vienna (Austria) Int Association on Water Pollution Research. Workshop : Treatment of domestic and 1979 Sep 26-29 London (UK) industrial wastewaters in large plants. (YB n° A 1379) Royal Institute of British Architects/Society of Industrial Artists and Designers. Meet- Prof Ing Wilhelm vd Emde. institut fur wasserversorgung. abwasserreiningung und ge- wasserschutz. TU Wien. Karlsplatz 13, A-1040 Vienna. ing: Frontiers of design

1979 Sep 4-8 Sevres (France) Frontiers of design. R.I.B.A.. 66 Portland Place. London WIN 4AD. UK.. Int Council for Children's Play. Congress : Play and game, mediators between child and civilization

ICCP. Instituut v Orthopedagogiek, Zantral Secretariat. Groningen 9712 TC. Grote 1979 Sep 28-3O Hozenstraat 15, Netherlands. Int Union for Moral and Social Action. Congrès : Perspectives immédiates et futures pour la jeunesse: qu'est-ce Que la nouvelle culture ? (YB no A 2662) 1979 Sep 8-9 Amsterdam (Netherlands) Kessenicberstrasse 246, D-5300 Bonn 1, Germany F R, European Confederation of Agriculture, Groupe de travail -femmes paysannes ». Meeting. (YB no A 0686) 1979 Sep New York (USA) CP 87. CH-5200 Brougg. Switzerland. Int seminar on detection of prevention fraud and embezzlement. P : 150. Robert Me Crie, conf coor.. 475 Fifth Avenue. New York, NY 1O017. 1979 Sep 10-13 Manchester (UK) Int Federation for Housing and Planning. Residential seminars :'Action for urban revi- 1979 Oct 1-3 Houston (TX. talisation. (YB no A 1826) USA) 43 Wassenaarseweg. The Hague. Netherlands. Railway Systems Suppliers Association. Convention. P : 1800. Ex. Frank Aikman Jr. Exec Dir., 401 Tfh Avenue. New York, NY 10001, USA. 1979 Sep 11-13 London (UK) 1979 Oct 2-5 London (UK) monitoring techniques. 2) industrial applications of PCU. 3) management policy and The institution of Civil Engineers. Int conference : Water resources - a changing strate- economic aspects- (YB n° A 0909) gy? Eurotest. rue du Commerce 20-22 Bte 7. B- 1040 Brussels. The Institution o! Civil Engineers. Great George Street, London SW1P 3AA, UK.

1979 Sep 11-14 Lyon (France) • 1979 Oct 8-12 Manila Congres Int des matériaux composites, collage e! adhésion. (Philippines) Promotion, palais des congres, quai Achille Lignon. F-6S4S9 Lyon cèdex 3. Int Academy of Aviation and Space Medicine. 27th Congress. (YB no A 1126) 1979 Sep 11-15 Orebro (Sweden) USA Secretariat. XXVIIth Int Congress of aviation and space medicine, do John David 3rd Int congress on rehabilitation in psychiatry. Thomas Company. Monadnock Building, Suite 222. 681 Market Street. San Francisco. S Rost Psychiatrie Rehab. Dept regional Hospital, 700/04 Orebro. CA 94105. USA.

1979 Sep 12 Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) 1979 Oct 8-15 Sofia (Bulgaria) Int Society of Geographical Ophthalmology. Congress : P : 300. C ; 30. Int Council of Museum, Int Committee for Archaeology and History Museums. Meeting (YB no A 4598) on « Problems of permanent displays in archeology and history museums which ref- Dr Marvin Kwitko, ISGO. 5591 Cote des neiges road, suite 1. Montreal. Quebec H37 1Y8. Canada. lect the specific character of a region -. (YB no A 1749) Pro! V Velkov, Vice-President de l'institut archeologique et du musée, 2 bd Stamboliis- 1979 Sep 13-15 Chicago (IL, USA) ky. Sofia. Radio Television News Directors Association. Meeting. P : 800. Ex. Rob Downey Sec.. Wkar-Michigan State University. East Lansing. Ml 48824, USA. 1979 Oct 9-12 Fredericton (Canada) World Meteorlogical Organization. RA III/RA IV. Workshop on the pilot study of the 1979Sep 15-21 Monte Carlo (Monaco) Sain, John River Basin. (YB no A 3556) Int industry conference and exhibition. P- 500. Direction du Tourisme et des Congrès, 24 Bd des Moulins, MC-Monte Carlo. 1979 Oct 11-14 Berlin (West) European Committee of Rural Law. Congress : 1 ) Disposals of the social rural law and 1979 Sec 16-19 Salzburg (Austria) 2nd European congress of EEG and clinical neurophysiology the use of land, structural reform, measures, organizations. P: 300. (YB no A 0133) Prof H Lechner, Unir. Nervenklinik. Auenbruggorplatz 22, A-8036 Graz. Austria. Mr Kurt Theisinger. Sec. General du CEDR, 17 Hahnbrunnerstrasse. D-6750 Kaisers- lautern. 1979 Sep 16-20 Toronto (Canada) Int Personnel Management Association. Meeting. P : 1500. Ex. (YB n° B 4625) 1979 Oct 14-21 Santa Fe (New Mexico) Jean Schmudde. Adm Asst. 1313 East 60th Street Chicago. IL 60637. USA Int Federation of Women Lawyers Congress Study on comparative laws affecting children. (YB no A 2O42) • 1979 Sep 17-22 Leicester (UK) IFWL. 150 Nassau Street. New York. NY 10038. USA. Int Council of Museums, Int Committee for the Training of Personnel Meeting (YB no A 1749) 1979 Oct 15-18 Fontainebleau (France) Mr P J Boylan.. Director. Leicestershire Art Galleries and Records Service 96 New European Institute of Business Administration. Colloquium ; Formulating and imple- Walk. Leicester LE1 6 TD. menting, int economic policy P : 80. C : 10. YB no B 0904) INSEAD. boulevard de Constance 22. F-773O5 Fontainebleau cedex. 1979 Sep 17-22 Munich (Germany. Fed. REP.) INT Astronautical Federation. Congress. P: 800 (YB no A 1381 ) IAF. 250 rue Saint Jacques. F-75005 Paris. 1979 Oct 16-17 Teddington (UK) Institute of Physics, Thin Films ana Surfaces Group/ NationaI Physical Laboratory. Con- ference on quantitative surface analysis

Dr C Lea. Division of Chemical Standards. National Physical Laboratory. Teddington Middlesex TW11 OLD.

1979 Oct 17-19 Hannover (Germany, Fed. Rep) Int Union of Police Trade Unions, Gewerkschaft der Polizei Congress. (YB n° A 2753) USIP, Forststrasse 38. D-4010 Hilden.

I 14 ASSOCIATIONS TRANSNATIONALES. 3-1979 1979 Oct 20-25 Port St Lucio (FL, USA) Int. Oxygen Manufacturers Association Meetnig. P : 200. (YB n° B 4012) Richard S Croy. Exec Sec. Box 16102. Clevland; OH 4411 USA

1979 Oct 23-25 Berlin (West) Symposium sur l´informatique en tempa reel at le contrôle de processus - Real-limn data '79 Real-time data 79. Congress organisation Co.. Kongress-Zentrale. John Foster Dulles AIee 10.D-1000 Berlin 21

1979 Oct 24-26 St Georges (Grenada) Caribbean Employers Confederation. Interim meeting : Industrial relations trends and problems in member territories P : 30. C : 11. (YB no A 0211) CEC POB 911. Port of Spain. Trinidad.

1979 Oct 24-27 Monte Carlo (Monaco) Int Federation of Newspaper Publishers. 7th Symposium - management and marketing - P 300 (YB n° A 1965) Direction du ,Tourisme et des Congres. 24 Bd des Moulins, MC-Monte Carlo.

1979 Oct 28-31 Monte Carlo (Monaco) European Petrochemical Association. Meeting. P: 600 (YB n° 8 4671) Direction du Tourisme et des Congrès, 2-4 Bd des Moulins. MC-Monte Carlo.

1979 Oct Phoenix (AZ, USA) Int City Management Association. Convention. (YB no g 0366) Mark Keane, Exec. Dir., 1140 Connecticut Avenus NW. Washington. DC 20036. USA. TRIANON-PALACE-HOTEL 1979 Oct St Louis (MO, USA) Int Association of Pupil Personnel Workers. Meeting. P : 400. (YS n° B 3328) LUXE WM E Myer. 350 Hungortord Drive, Rockville, MO 20S50. USA.

1979 Oct-Nov Lyon (France) 1 boulevard de la Reine European Community of the Accordoaon. Congress. (YB no B 2220) Promotion, palais des congrès, quai Achille Lignon, F-69459 Lyon codex 3 78000 VERSAILLES • 1979 Nov 1-2 Leiden (Netherlands) (Yvelines) European Society of Cardiology. Mealing : History of cardiology. (YB no A 0359) ESC. Secretariat Cardiothoracic Institute, 2 Beaumont Streef. London W1N 3DX, UK. Téléphone : 950-34-12 1979 Nov 3-8 New Orleans (LA. USA) Insterstate Post Graduate Medical Association North America. Int convention. P : 1500. Adresse télégraphique TRIANOTEL VERSAILLES Ex. H B Maroney. Assoc Exoc Dir.. Box 1109. Madison. Wl 53701. USA. Telex : 698863 TRIANOTL-VERSA

1979 Nov 5-9 Poznan (Poland) UN Economic Commission for Europe, Timber Committee. Seminar on economic and technical developments of the furniture industry ? (YB n° B 4176) Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10. • 140 chambres toutes avec bain 1979 Nov 6-9 Hollywood (FL, USA) Screen Printing Association Int. Convention P : 2000. Ex. (YB n° A 3651 ) (ou douche) et W.C. John M Crawford. Exec. VP. 307 F Maple Avenue W. Vienna, VA 22180. USA. 1979 Nov 15-17 New Orleans (LA, USA) • Sa situation dans un magnifique Int Association of Amusement Parks and Attractions. Meeting. P 200. 1125 Lake St Building. Ste 204-206, Oak Park. IL 60301. USA. (YB n° B 3587) parc de trois hectares en bordure du château de Versailles et des 1979 Nov 18-21 Atlanta (GA, USA) Religious Education Association. Convention. P : 1500. Ex. Trianons, lui assure un calme Rev Boardman Kathan. Gen Sec.. 409 Prospect Street New Haven. CT 06510. USA. absolu 1979 Nov 18-22 Monte Carlo (Monaco) Int lax-free symposium and trademarket. P ; 1000. Direction flu Tourisme et des Congres. 24 Bd des Moulins, MC-Monte Carlo. • Idéal pour conventions ou sémi-

1979 Nov 19-23 Bangkok (Thailand) naires : nombreuses salles de

Prof Prasong Tuchinda. Dept of Paediatrics. Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital. Ma- réunion ou de travail. hidol university, Bangkok 7.

• 1979 Nov 19-23 Madrid (Spain) • Thés - Déjeuners - Dîners en plein Int Confederation of Free Trade Unions. 12th World congress. P . 500. C : 60. air - Repas d'affaires - Salons ICFTu. rue Montagne aux Herbes Porageres, B-1000 Brussels particuliers. 1979 Nov 25-30 Atlanta (GA, USA) Radiological Society of North America. Convention. P: 14000. Ex. George F Schuyler. Exec Dir.. Box 648, Dak Park. IL 60 303. USA. • Illumination du parc tous les soirs

1979 Nov 26-29 Lagos (Nigeria) (tous appartements et chambres World Psychiatric Association. Section symposium : Combat and its altermath. avec vue sur le parc). (YB no A 3577) WPA. Psychiatrische Universitatsklinik. Wehringer Gurtel 74-76. A-1090 Vienna.

1979 Nov 26-30 Houston (TX, USA) • A 25 minutes, en voiture, des 4th World ozone congress and ozone exhibition. Richard Croy. Executive director, int ozone institute 14805 détroit avenue, Cleveland Champs-Elysées. OH 44107. USA PARKING illimité. 1979 No. 26-30 Sydney (Australia) 2nd Int child neurology congress. The Ex. Officer, 2nd Int child neurology congress. GPO Box 3866. Sydney NS W

1979 Nov 27-30 Manila J.P. MARCUS, Directeur (Philipines) Int. Air Transport Ass. 35th Annual general meeting (YB n° A 1149) 26 chermin de Johnville, POB 100. CH-1216 Cointrin-Geneve.

TRANSNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 3-1979 115 1979 Mov 27-30 Tokyo-Tsukuba (Japan) 1980 Jun 16-20 Madrid 2nd Int seminar on - Conservation and restoration of cultural property and analytical (Spain) chemistry Int Standing Committee on Physiology and Pathology of Animal Reproduction (In- cluding Artificial Insemination), 8th Int congress on animal reproduction and aircraft Mr N Matsubara Tokyo National Research Institute of Cultural Property. 13-27 Usno insemination : 1 ) Physiology of reproduction, 2) artificial insémination. 3, pathology of Park, Taito-ku, Tokyo 110, reproduction. (YB n° A 2589) Prof Dr Tomas Peroz Garcia. INIA, CRIDA-06. Dept de Reproduccion Animal. Avde. de 1979 Nov Brussels (Belgium) Puerta de Hierro, sin. Madrid 3. 2nd Int symposium on « Adapted physical activity for the handicapped » Université libre de Bruxelles, avenue Heger 28, Brussels. • 1980 Jul 13-19 Budapest (Hungary) Int Union of Physiological Sclaneas. Federation of Hungarian Medical Societies 28th 1979 Nov Zurich (Switzerland) Int congress of physiological sciences. En. (YB no A 2752) European Confederation of Agriculture. Conference européenne pour les régions de Secretariat, 28th Int congress of physiological sciences. MOTESZ. Congress Bureau H-1361 Budapest Pt 32. CP 87. CH-S20O Brougge. Switzerland. 1980 Jul 28-Aug 1 Hong Kong (Hong Kong) 1979 Dec 3-7 Manila (Philippines) Int Association of Schools of Social Work. Int congress. P : 400. C : 60. World Meteorological Organization. Symposium/planning meeting on the agrometeor- (YB n° A 1337) oiogy of the rice crop. (YB no A 3556) IASSW. Miss Marguerite Mathieu. Secretary-general. Freylaggasse 32, A-1210 Vienna WMO. CPS. CH-1211 Geneva 20.

1979 Dec 9-11 Kansas City (Ml. USA) 1980 Aug 18-22 Leeds (UK) North American Heating Air Conditioning Wholesalers Association. Int convention. P : Institute of Physics. Int conference on the physics of transition mêlais : Transition me- 1200. Ex. tals and alloys including magnetism, superconductivity, transport properties, and sur- Alice Winston, CONV coord.. 1661 W Henderson Road. Columbus. OH 43320. USA. faces, but excluding mechanical properties. Meetings Officer. The Institute of Physics, 47 Belgrave Square, London SWlX BOX. 1979 Dec 1O-13 Stockholm (Sweden) UK. Int Union of Police Trade Unions. Svenska Polisforoundet. Congress. P : 3OO. (YB no A 2753) • 1980 Aug 18-23 Lyngby (Denmark) UISP. Forststrasse 3a, D-4010 Hilden. Int Federation for Documentation. 40th Conference and congress. (YB no A 1823) Dansk Central for Documentation. Anker Engetunds Vej 1. 2800 LyngOy. 1979 Dec African Postal Telecommunications Union. Séminaire sur la planification des réseaux 1980 Sep 7-12 Athens (Greece) locaux. (YB no A 0014) Int Union of Angiology. Conference. P : 1800. C : 30. Ex. (YB no A 2686) Av Patrice Lumumba. BP 44. Brazzaville. Hellenic Angiological Society. 17 Sisini Street. Athens 612, Greece.

1979 Bilthovert (Netherlands) 1980 Sep 22-25 W Lafayette (IN, USA) Int Federation for Information Processing, WG 5.4. Int meeting IPW-ICS. European Committee for the Protection of the Population against the Hazards of (YB no A 1828) Chronic Toxicity. Meeting. (YB no A 0636) 7 J Williams. Purdue Laboratory for Applied Industrial Control. Purdue University. 102 avenue de l'Observatoire 4. F- 75006 Paris. Michael Golden Bldg. W Lafayette. IN 47907. 1980 Spring Acapulco (Mexico) Pan American Association of Ophthalmology. Congress P : 750. C : 25. • 1980 Sep 29 - Oct 10 (YB no A 3048) Düsseldorf (Germany, Fed. Rep.)lnt Federation of Automatic Control/lnt Federation H Dunbar Hoskins. Jr.. MD. 1 Tara View Road. Tiburon. CA 94920, USA. for Information Processing. 6th Conference on « Digital computer application to process control ». (YB no A 1862/A 1828) IFIP, 3 rue du Marche. CH-1204 Geneva. 198O Apr 2O-25 The Hague (Netherlands)

300-40O. C : 20-25. (YB no B 6229) • 1980 Sep-Oct The Secretary. 8th Int congress on health records. Netherlands congress centre. POB 82000. NL-2508 EA The Hague. (Iran) Int Federation of the Blind/World Council for the Welfare of the Blind. 2nd Int conference on blind women. (YB no A 2024/A 3499) 1980 Apr 22-27 Taormina (Sicilia. Italy) WCWB. 58 avenue Bosquet, F-75007 Paris. Int Center of Medical and Psychological Hypnosis. Int congress. (YB no B 4046) Prof G Balzarini, del Centro Int di ipnosi medica e psicologica di Milano. Corso XXII 19SO Oct 6-10 Philadelphia (PA, USA) Marzo 57. 1-20129 Milan. Int Pédiatrie Nephrology Association. 5th Int congress. (YB no B 6187) Alan B Gruskin. MD. St Christopher's Hospital for Children. 5th and Lehigh Avenues. Philadelphia. PA 19133. 198O Apr 29-May 1 Taormina (Sicilia, Italy) Int Center of Medical and Psychological Hypnosis/Libera Post-Universita Int della Nu- ova Medicina. Corso int di aggiornamento in ipnosis e psicologica della structura. 1980 Oct 13-15 Antwerp (Belgium)

(YB no B 4046) Prof Rolanda Marchesan, Centro Int di ipnosi medica e psicologica di Milano. Corso Secretariat Catalyst D'activiation. c/o K. VIV. Jan Van Rijswijcklaan 58. B-2000 An- XXII Marzo 57,1-20129 Milan. twerp: or Prof B Delmon. Université Catholique de Louvain. Groupe de Physico-Chimie Minérale et de Catalyse. Place Croix du Sud I, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve.

1980 May 18-21 Hong Kong (Hong Kong) 1980 Amsterdam (Netherlands) World Psychiatric Association/Hong Kong Psychiatric Association. Symposium on priorities in todays psych ta try-mental health and ageing. (YB no A 3577) World Trade Centers Association. General assembly. (YB n° A 3587) Dr W H L O. Hong Kong Psychiatric Center. 98 Boriham Road. Hong Kong. WTCA The Port Authority of New York and New Jessey. 63W, One World Trade Cen- ter. New York. NY 10048. USA.

1980 May 26-30 Cardiff (UK) 1930 Int Federation for Housing and planning. Residential symposium : The future roles of (Spain) 43 Wassenaarseweg. The Hague. Netherlands. Int Association of Agricultural Students. Congress. (YB no A 1249) IAAS, Information Office. The Student Union. Ultana. S-75 007 Uppsala. Sweden.

• 1980 May 27-30 - London (UK) 1980 Institution of Mining and Metallurgy/Society of Mining Engineers of AIME/Metallurgi- Int Ocean Institute. Conference : Pacem in Maribus X P : 50. C : 40. (YB no A 3987) cal Society of AIME, 1st Joint conference : The management of mineral resources. Old University, Malta. (YB n° B 2371) The Secretary. Institution of Mining arid Metallurgy. 44 Potland Place London WIN • 1981 Apr 6-10 Cannes 4BR. UK. (France) Int Congress on Fracture. 5th Int conference on fracture • Mechanics and integrated 1980 May London (UK) Int Federation of Aero-Philatelic Societies. 20th Congress. (YB no A 1848) micro-macro view of fracture, fatigue and strength of materials : 1 ) Practical applica- FISA. Fuggerstrasse 38. D-1000 Berlin 30. tions of fracture mechanics; 2) crack lip singularity computations; 3) physical fracture processes; structural aspects; 4) elasto-plastic fracture mechanics; 5) fatigue; 6) Inftu- 1980 May-Jun Oslo (Norway) racture toughness. 7) testing techmques. Int Federation for Information Processing/Int Federation of Automatic Control. Sym- posium on . Automation for safety in shipping and offshore petroleum operations - ICF. c/o The Research Institute for Strength and Fracture of Matenals. Tohoku Univer- (YB no A 1828/A 1862) sity. Aramaki Aoba. Sondai. Japan. IFIP 3 rue du Marcho. CH-1204 Geneva. 1981 Aug 31-Sep 5 Graz (Austria) 1980 JUN 1st week, Wlesbaden (Germany, Fed. Rep ) Confederation of European Soft Drinks Association. Congress (YB no A 0392) Int Commission for Optics. 12th General meeting;. P: 400. (YB n° A 1525) CESOA. Heemraadssigel 167, NL-Rotterdam Prof Dr R F Aussenegg. Physikalisches Institut. Universitatspatz 5. A-8010 Graz.

1981 Sep 4-9 Edinburgh (UK) Int Association for the Study of Pain. 3rd World congress on pain. P : 1200. (YB n° A 4589) Executive Secretary. IASP, Dept of Anesthesiology RN-10 University of Washington. Seattle, WA 98195. USA.

116 ASSOCIATIONS TRANSNATIONALES, 3-1979