Ratna Juwitasari Emha/ Jurnal Arbitrer - Vol. 8 No. 1 (2021)

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Articles Indonesian Lingual Variation Use Among Millennials In The Industrial Revolution Era 4.0 Ratna Juwitasari Emha1, Dede Fatinova2 1,2Universitas Pamulang, Banten, Indonesia

Submission Track A B S T R A C T Recieved: September 09, 2020 It is a fact that language is dynamic, and nothing can not stop it from changing. Final Revision: November 10, 2020 This dynamism has implications for the use of various languages among Available Online: April 20, 2021 Indonesians. The youth mostly uses it because they are active and massive Keyword users of technology and social media. This research aims to describe the Slang, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics form and character of the linguistic variation of slang which is popularly used by the millennial generation. In this study, data is taken from social Correspondence media, and direct informants then analyzed using a qualitative descriptive E-mail: [email protected] method. The results showed that four types of linguistic variation of slang which is popularly used by the millennial generation such phonology (32,29%), morphology (22,92%), syntax (4,17%), and semantics aspect (40, 63%). Based on the results, the millennial generation’s most dominant type of semantics aspect with 39 data (40, 63%). It means that millennials preferred using more slang utterances modified in semantic elements. Millennials did not completely change or create many new meanings. They retained the meanings of existing references only in the forms of new terms. I. INTRODUCTION within a group or with a trend fashion in society Indonesia is currently in the era of the industrial at large. It can be said that slang that exists and revolution of 4.0. This era is also known as the era popular nowadays will change continually because of advancements in the field of technology. Such an this phenomenon is changing dynamically. obvious issue also has an impact on other scientific Indonesian slang phenomenon has existed since fields, such as linguistics. Basically, language is the 1970s (Preece, 2015; Manns, 2010: 79), it has a purely dynamic human product. Such constant developed among adolescents as an identity and change has significant implications for the use of culture. There are several differences between varied languages among Indonesians. Indonesian slang in the past and the era of the Slang is a language variation phenomenon that 4.0 industrial revolution: slang distribution area, shows a shifting or changing in a language form the scope of slang community, and media. In the and meaning that occurs temporally. Adolescents Indonesian slang distribution perspective, it was use it to show their social identities (Wirawan & only known by a limited scope in the past. It is only Andriany, 2019; Larasati, 2018; Preece, 2018; spread among the youth communities in big cities. Setyawati, 2014; Eble, 2006; Drake, 1980, Allen, Today, slang has spread widely, not only in big 1998; Mattiello, 2005, 2008; Smith, 2011). Eble cities (Suhardianto & Suryani, 2018; Zhuo & Fan, (1996) has a similar perspective with the previous 2013). In the perspective of Indonesia slang use, statement that slang is an ever-changing set of It is used to be only popular in the informal sector colloquial words and phrases that speakers use to in a particular community, while currently slang is establish or reinforce social identity or cohesiveness also used in the formal sector, such as schools and offices (Suhardianto & Suryani, 2018: 164; Wijana, DOI: https://doi.org/10.25077/ar.8.1.35-45.2021 Under Liscense of Creative Commons Attributioni-NonCommercial 4.0 International. 35 Ratna Juwitasari Emha/ Jurnal Arbitrer - Vol. 8 No. 1 (2021)

2011). In the perspective of how Indonesia slang’s which were then classified according to certain spread, it spread through the media of fiction patterns. In this study, the writer will also describe books adapted by the movie then spread through the lingual variation data qualitatively. radio, which was then used by certain youth communities. Today, slang can spread massively III. RESULT due to technological advances and social media The dynamics of Indonesian lingual variation use use (Suhardianto & Suryani, 2018: 164; Zein & in the current millennials can be categorized as Wagiati, 2018: 243). There is another perspective slang phenomena. Such an obvious phenomenon is that is the most interesting issue to discuss the not a new issue in Indonesia, yet as time evolves, Indonesian slang that developed in the era of the slang language has changed from time to time industrial revolution 4.0, it is called the form of because it is temporal (Chaer & Leonie, 2010: Indonesian slang. 67). Various forms of slang language can be in the The variations of the linguistic form of slang that form of words, phrases, or clauses. Here are some emerged in Indonesia and were popularly used by the examples of popular slang languages before the era millennial generation in the Industrial Revolution of the industrial revolution 4.0: maknyus, sakitnya 4.0 have unique and different characteristics tuh di sini, wanipiro, hujan becek ga ada ojek from the previous ones. The linguistic form (Swandy, 2017: 9). varies in all internal linguistics levels, such as Based on data sources, the researchers found phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics. that occur in four internal systems of language; In the phonological aspect, there are variations in phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics that phoneme changes. In the morphological aspect, use among millennials. It will be summarized in there are variations in affixation, while in the the following Table 1. syntactic aspect, there is a change in the type of word class, while in semantics, new words or Tabel 1. Distribution of Indonesia Slang-formation terms appear but still have existing meanings, or analyzed by Four Internal Linguistics Aspects vice versa. Researchers are interested in analyzing Distribution of Indonesia Slang-formation the Lingual Variation of Slang in the Indonesia Aspects F % Millennial Generation from this background. Phonology 31 32,29 II. METHODS Morphology 22 22,92 Syntax 4 4,17 The data in this study are the linguistic variations of popular Indonesian slang among millennials. Semantics 39 40,63 Nonetheless, the current research focuses on Total 96 100,00 studying slang languages in terms of four internal linguistics levels. The data are taken from social 1) Phonology media and direct informants. The data collection technique was an observation method by listening The dynamics of Indonesian lingual variation use to language use (Mahsun, 2005). The techniques of millennials occur at the phonology level as a that are used in this research were a recording branch of linguistics that examines the smallest technique and a taking note technique. It was done unit of language, the phoneme (Muslich, 2010: 1). to record linguistic variations of the slang language It focuses on the existence of changes in language used by the informants. sounds in some vocabularies that emerge in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0. The language This research was analyzed using a qualitative change occurs in several classifications of language approach with descriptive analysis. Descriptive sound changes, including zeroization, metathesis, analysis is a method that describes, describes a and phoneme replacement. phenomenon that is currently occurring by using scientific procedures actually to answer problems Table 2 shows the detailed distribution and (Sutedi, 2009). It can systematically describe the frequency of data included in the phonological informants’ slang language’s linguistic variations, study.

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Tabel 2. Phonological Data Classification and Percentage (2) Halu The word “halu” comes from the word “halusinasi”, then the word experiences an apocopial process, thus the phoneme /s/, /i/, /n/, /a/, /s/, /i/ experiences elision in order to shorten pronunciation. Syncope (SYNCO) Syncope is a phoneme elision located in the middle of a word. These indications occur in the following data. (1) Sa ae lu The word “saaelu” consists of three words, “bisaajelu”. Furthermore, the word “aje” experiences a syncope process, the phoneme elision In Table 2, it could be highlighted that in terms of /j/to shorten pronunciation. of phonological aspects, language use among (2) Mon millennials was dominated by PR (phoneme Theword “mon” is derived from the word “mohon”, replacement), with a percentage of 9,38%. Each of then the word experiences a syncope process, thus the categories will be explained in more detail in the phonemes /h/ and /o/ are deleted to shorten the subsection below. pronunciation. a) Zeroization b) Metathesis (MTS) It is the elision of phonemic sounds to shorten It is a change in the phonemic order of a word thus pronunciation. It is considered a non-standard it becomes two competing words. These metathesis word form in Indonesian (Muslich, 2010: 123). It indications occur in the following data. is divided into three categories, apheresis, apocope, and syncope. (1) Kuy Apheresis (APS) The word “kuy” is derived from the word “yuk” which undergoes a metathesis process, and Apheresis is the process of phonemic elision therefore the order of the words gets changes. At located at the beginning of a word. Indications of first, the word order is phoneme /y/, /u/, /k/to/k/, such apheresis occur in the following data. /u/, /y/. (1) Sa ae lu (2) Woles The clause “saaelu” actually consists of three The word “woles” comes from English which words, “bisaajelu”. The term “sa” is apheresis of refers to slow. Furthermore, this word experiences the word “bisa”, phonemes /b/ and phonemes /i/ are a metathesis process, from the beginning, the deleted from the word to shorten pronunciation. phoneme sequences /s/, /l/, /o/, /w/ become /w/, /o/, (2) Khan Maen /l/, /e/, /s/. The emergence of phonemes /e/ between The phrase “khan maen” consists of two words, phonemes /l/ and /s/ is an anaptiksis process, the “bukan” and “main”. The term “khan” is the addition of vowels between two consonants to apheresis of the word “bukan”, phonemes /b/ and facilitate speech. /u/ are deleted from the word in order to shorten (3) Sabi pronunciation. The word “sabi” has the standard form “bisa”. The Apocope (APO) word “bisa” consists of two syllables, /bi + sa/, then It is a phonemic omission process located at the end the word experiences metathesis process become / of words. These indications occur in the following sa + bi/. In this case, the metathesis process takes data. place in the form of syllables.

37 Ratna Juwitasari Emha/ Jurnal Arbitrer - Vol. 8 No. 1 (2021) c) Phoneme Replacement (PR) is because, in a phonological way, the phonemes It is a phoneme change that occurs randomly and /r/ and phonemes /c/has no similar place of without a pattern. This type does not include the articulation. previous classification mentioned. Indications of (2) Udin phoneme change occur in the following data. The word “udin” comes from the word “sudah”. (1) Santuy This word undergoes the process of apheresis, the The word “santuy” is a non-standard form of the elision of the phoneme /s/ at the beginning of a word “santai”. In this regard, the phoneme /ai/ in word. Moreover, the phonemes /a/ and /h/ at the the word “santai” is changed to /u/ and /y/. The end of the word are replaced by the phonemes /i/ reason is that the sound /i/ in diphthong /ai/ which and /n/. is pronounced as /y/. Apocope + Phoneme Addition (APO+PA) (2) Sangad Apocope and phoneme addition is a process in The word “sangad” comes from the word “sangat”, which there is a phoneme elision process at the end where the phoneme sound /t/ changes to the of a word which then experiences phoneme addition phoneme /d/. This happens because the phoneme at the end of the word. Indications of apocope and sound /t/ as apikodental is adjacent to the phoneme phonemes can be seen in the following data. /d/ as apicoalveolar sound. (1) Bangsul (3) Misqueen The word “Bangsul” is derived from the word The word “misqueen” is a non-standard word “bangsat” which experiences an apocopial process, of “miskin”. Furthermore, due to the same the elision of the phoneme /a/ and /t/ at the end pronunciation in Indonesian of the phonemes /k/ of the word, and thus the word becomes “bangs”. and /q/ it is so-called dorsovelar. The phoneme /ee/ Furthermore, phonemes /u/ and /l/ are added, then is the result of an adaptation of English which is become “bangs”. The phoneme modification that pronounced as the sound [i]. occurs in the word “bangsat” aims to refine the use of the word in a speech. d) Combination of Sound Changes (CSC) (2) Cembokur The combination of sound changes is a process of deleting and adding phonemes to a word. In the The word “cembokur” comes from the word combination process of phoneme sound changes, “cemburu” which undergoes an apocopial process, there are three types categorized in such idea, the elision of the phoneme /u/ at the end of a word, Apheresis + Phoneme Replacement, Apocope + and thus the word becomes “cembur”. Furthermore, Phoneme Addition, Syncope + Phoneme Addition, the word is added to the phoneme /o/ and /k/ before Syncope + Replacement + Phoneme Addition. the last two phonemes, then becomes “cembokur”. This also happens to the word “sendokir” which Apheresis + Phoneme Replacement (APS+PR) comes from the word “sendiri”. Apheresis and phoneme replacement is a word that Syncope + Phoneme Addition (SYNCO + PA) results from the process of Apheresis and phoneme replacement. The indications of apheresis and This process is a combination of syncope and phoneme replacement can be seen in the following phoneme addition in a word. These indications can data. be seen in the following data. (1) Cius (1) Jokul The word “Cius” is derived from the word “serius” The word “Jokul” comes from the word “jual” that experienced the process of apheresis, the which experiences a syncope process, the elision elision of the phoneme /s/ and /e/ which is at the of the phoneme /a/ in the middle of the word, thus beginning of the word. Subsequently, the phoneme it becomes /jul/. Next, phonemes /o/ and /k/ are /r/ is changed to phoneme /c/. Based on such added between the first and third phonemes, and an indication, it can be seen that this phoneme thus they become “jokul”. This also happens to the modification occurs without a particular pattern. It word “bokul” which comes from the word “beli”.

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Syncope + Phonem Replacement + Phoneme a) Affixation Addition (SYNCO + PR + PA) Indonesian Prefix + English Root Word The combination of syncope, phoneme replacement, A new word-formation that results from the and phoneme addition is a process in which a word affixation process that involves an Indonesian prefix occurs three processes at once. These indications added to the English root word. This indication can can be seen in the following data. be seen in the following data. (1) Keles: /kɛləs/ (1) Sefruit = se- + fruit The word “Keles” is a non-standard form of the The word “sefruit” undergoes a morphological word “kali”. The word experiences a syncope process of affixation called prefixes. In this regard, process, that is, the elision of the phoneme /a/ and the prefix which is an affix in Indonesian is gathered being replaced by the phoneme /ɛ/ into “kɛli”. Then with the word fruit which is derived from English the phoneme /i/ is changed to phoneme /ə/ then to / and has the Indonesian meaning “buah”. Thus, the kɛlə/, then the phoneme /s/ is added to the word and word “sefruit” has the meaning of “sebuah”. becomes /kɛləs/. English Prefiks + Indonesia Root Word 2) Morphology English prefix + Indonesian root word is a new word Morphology is a branch of linguistics that formation resulting from the affixation process examines larger structures above the morphemes, which involves prefixes or English prefixes added which are the smallest units of language. Based with Indonesian root words. These indications can on in the current project, it is found there are three be seen in the following data. morphological processes: affixation, abbreviation, and acronym. (1) Unfaedah = un- + faedah Details of distribution and frequency of data The word “unfaedah” experiences affixed included in the morphological study were morphological processes, called prefixes. In that summarized in the following Table 3. word the first un- which is an affix in English which has the meaning “no” next to the word Tabel 3. Morphological Data Classification and Percentage “faedah” which comes from Indonesian, thus the word “unfaedah” has the meaning tidak ada faedah atau tidak bermanfaat/no avail or useless”. (2) Autongakak = auto- + ngakak The word “autongakak” experiences a morphological process called prefix. In that word the prefix auto- which is an affix in English has the meaning “directly” and is coupled with the word “ngakak” which means “to laugh”, and thus the word “autongakak” has the meaning “to laugh directly”. English Suffix + Indonesian Root Word English suffix + Indonesian root word is a new word-formation that results from an affixation process that involves an English suffix that Table 3 above demonstrated that from the review of previously contained Indonesian root words. This morphological studies, Indonesian lingual variation indication can be seen in the following data. use among millennials has experienced many (1) Pelukable = peluk + -able modifications which are dominated by shortening some vocabulary in the form of acronyms, with a The word “pelukable” experiences a morphological percentage of 14,58%. Each of the categories will process of affixation, such as suffix. In the above be explained in more detail in the subsection below. example, the basic word is “peluk” in which it gets

39 Ratna Juwitasari Emha/ Jurnal Arbitrer - Vol. 8 No. 1 (2021) an affix at the end of the word in the form of “able” and then it is combined with the last syllable from which has the Indonesian meaning “bisa”, thus the word “korek”, that is “rek”, thus the term the word “pelukable” has the meaning “evoking a “curanrek” occurs. desire to hug close”. 3) Syntax b) Abbreviation Syntax is a branch of linguistics that studies An abbreviation is typically a shortened form of structure that is higher than morpheme. Syntactic words or a combination of letters used to represent studies focus on words, phrases, clauses, and the whole. These indications can be seen in the sentences. In the data within the current project, the following data. syntactic process is found, for example, changes of (1) OOTD one-word class to another word class. Term “OOTD” morphologically experiences an a) Change in Word Class abbreviation in a gradual type process. This is It is a process of changing the category of words because the term OOTD is a combination of initial that arise due to differences in context in a sentence. letters of four words, called “outfit of the day”. This indication can be seen in the following data. This term is generally intended to a fashion context Details of the distribution and frequency of data means what she/he wore today. included in the Syntax study were summarized in c) Acronym the Table 4.

An acronym contains a set of initial letters from Tabel 4. Syntactic Data Classification and Percentage a phrase that usually form another word. This indication can be seen in the following data. (1) Mantul The word “mantul” is a combination of two words, “mantap” and “betul”. This word then experiences an acronym process by taking the first syllable In table 4 above, it could be seen that in terms of (man) from the first word, then it combines with the syntactic aspects, the Indonesian language used by last syllable of the second word (tul). Afterward, millennials was entirely a change in word class, it becomes a new word, which is “mantul” which with a percentage of 4,17%. Each of the categories gives an extraordinary new meaning, yet it does not will be explained in more detail in the subsection mean a backlash because it hits. below. (2) SWAG (1) Bucin The word “SWAG” comes from English and is a a. Jangan berperilaku seperti “bucin”! combination of four words, “Silver, Wine, Art, and Gold”. This word is categorized as an acronym (Do not act like a “bucin”!) because it is a combination of words that originate from the initial letters of each word which can then Jangan Berperilaku Seperti Bucin! be pronounced as a word. The use of this word is Adv V P N quite common among youths in Indonesia. In its Predicate Adverb use, this word is used as an expression to express a cool or elegant figure. b. Bastian Steel ungkap hal paling “bucin” pada Shafa Haris. (3) Curanrek (Bastian Steel revealed the most “bucin”-stuffs The word “curanrek” is a combination of two words, to Shafa Haris) “pencurian (thieft)” and “korek (lighter)”. The word includes an acronym because it experiences a morphological process, prefix omission of “peN- ” at the beginning of the word “pencurian” and phonemes /i/ on the rest of such word omission,

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Bastian Steel ungkap hal Paling bucin a) Semantic Shift N V N Adv Adj Indications of expansion, constriction, connotation, Subject Object synesthesia, and association meaning of words are Predicate still in one field of the meaning formation process. It indicates that the meaning in a shifting of natural pada Shafa Haris reference does not change but has an expansion Prep N or narrowing (Parera, 2004: 107). The data found Adverb the expansion of meaning and the connotation In the two data, it can be seen that there are of meaning. These indications can be seen in the differences in word classes in the word “bucin”. In following data. data (a) the word “bucin” belongs to the noun word- Expansion of Meaning class because it is preceded by words that have particle word class, whereas in data (b) the word The expansion of meaning is an indication of a shift “bucin” belongs to the adjective category. After in meaning, however, the meaning that emerges all, it is preceded by words that have an adverbial does not change from the essence of the previous word class. And therefore, it can be assumed that meaning. the word “bucin” has an adjective category if not (1) Terciduk previously preceded by words that have a particle a. Jentik nyamuk itu “terciduk” oleh ibu di bak word class. mandi. 4) Semantics (The mosquito larvae “is taken with a scoop” The data found there are three semantic indications: by mommy in the bathtub) semantic shift, absorption of foreign terms, and new word-formation. b. Muda mudi itu terciduk polisi di hotel melati. Details of the distribution and frequency of data (The youth-unmarried couple “were caught” included in the Semantic study were summarized by the police at a hotel room) in the Table 5. In the data (a) and (b) there are differences in the Tabel 5. Semantics Data Classification and Percentage meaning of the word “terciduk” which is quite contrasting. In the data (a) the meaning of the word “terciduk” has a literal meaning (KBBI) “scooping up water with tools, can use coconut shells or other tools”. Meanwhile, the word “terciduk” in data (b) has the meaning of being caught doing something that is not commendable. This indicates that the word “terciduk” experiences an expansion of meaning because the new meaning of such word in data (b) still has the same meaning as the word “terciduk” in data (a) which is taking something. (2) Sultan a. Sultan Hamengkubuwono X berkunjung ke Bandung untuk berwisata. (Sultan Hamengkubuwono X “King” visited In Table 5 above, it could be seen that in terms Bandung for a tour) of semantics, the use of Indonesian among b. Sultan mah bebas! Balap sepeda sambil bagi- millennials was dominated by the creation of new bagi uang juga bisa. words included in the category of new words with old meanings (pre-existing), with a percentage of (Sultan “A very rich man” can do anything! 18,75%. Each of the categories will be explained Even spreading the money while riding a in more detail in the subsection below. bike, they probably can do that.)

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In data (a) and (b) there are significant differences experiences pejoration. In the data (a) it can be seen in the meaning of the word “sultan”. The word that the meaning of the word “cabe-cabean” does “sultan” in the data (a) literally means the king not have either a negative context nor condition of (KBBI). While in data (b) the word “sultan” worsening or degenerating. According to the KBBI experiences an expansion of meaning into an “cabai” means a kind of vegetable with a long expression that refers to someone who has a lot of round and pointed shape at the end, it has a spicy wealth or a great power. Components of the same taste. Meanwhile, the word “cabe-cabean” in data meaning in both words are the character of the (b) is associated with the girl’s teenagers who wear “sultan” who has wealth and dominance. sexy dresses and might start to work in prostitution. (3) Kaleng-kaleng b) Absorption of Foreign Terms a. Mobil perang terbuat dari material baja The phenomenon of language use in millennial “bukan kaleng”. generations also originates from many foreign (The car war was made from steel, it was not languages. The indications of this language can be made from the thin-iron) found in the following data. b. Anak kecil itu menyabet juara pertama (1) Haul taekwondo. Kemampuannya bukan “kaleng- kaleng”! The word “haul” comes from English in (The little boy won first place in taekwondo. urbandictionary.com is a shopping spree in that His skills are “incredible”!) given area, showing products or clothing. Then, this word is absorbed by the younger generation The word “bukankaleng” in data (a) and (b) to show the collection of goods that he has bought has a different meaning. In the data (a) the word in the form of clothing or other items. Although at “bukankaleng” literally means not made of thin- first the word “haul” is a foreign term, but along coated iron material (KBBI). Meanwhile, in data with the popular use of this word in millennials, (b) the word “bukankaleng” is a term that refers this word sounds familiar nowadays. to something of high quality or extraordinary. This indicates that the word “bukankaleng” in data (b) (2) Sepik experiences an expansion of meaning because “Sepik” comes from the English word “speak” it has the same meaning component in the word which has the meaning of speaking. Furthermore, “bukankaleng” in data (a) which is not involving this word is absorbed into Indonesian by adding high cost or cheap. phonemes /ə/ between phonemes /s/ and phonemes The Connotation of Meaning /p/ to facilitate pronunciation. Although in the beginning the word “sepik” has the meaning of It is one type of change in meaning that experiences speaking, however along with the popularity of degradation or correction in the user community, or its use by millennials, in certain contexts the word an idea that a word invokes in addition to its literal “sepik” has a different meaning, such as lobbying or primary meaning. In this regard, the meaning or persuading (to someone for particular purpose). ultimately has a low final value or negative connotation. (3) Prank (1) Cabe-cabean The term “prank” is derived from English which has the meaning of mischievous deeds. Among a. Ibu membeli berbagai jenis cabe-cabean di the millennials in Indonesia nowadays, “prank” is pasar slightly used as a term for ignorant or provocative (Mommy bought some variant of chilies acts towards a victim and then secretly recorded and “kind of vegetables” in the market) published for entertainment purposes. In Indonesia, b. Aku melihat sekelompok cabe-cabean the word “prank” is very popular to be used as the berpakaian seksi. title of video content that contains mischievous (I saw a group of chilies “the naughty acts towards someone on a YouTube channel. underage girl” inappropriate-dressed) c) New Word Formation The meaning of the word in “cabe-cabean” It arises from three possibilities, (1) a new form

42 Ratna Juwitasari Emha/ Jurnal Arbitrer - Vol. 8 No. 1 (2021) with an old meaning, (2) a new meaning with an In the phonological aspect, language use among old form, (3) a new meaning with a new form millennials was dominated by PR (phoneme (Merchand in Sulaeman, 2014). As for the data replacement), with a percentage of 9.38%. This collected in this study, there are only two types, indicated that millennials tended to modify the the new form with the old meaning and the new form of words more by replacing some phonemes meaning with the old form. from the existing Indonesian vocabulary as a form of creativity in language. Uniquely, substitute New Forms with Old Meanings phoneme does not have any specific pattern New forms with old meanings on new words or characters and it also can even be replaced with terms used by millennials actually have meaning in another phoneme. In several cases, the phoneme existing Indonesian entries. This indication can be may be changed dynamically as long as it has a seen in the following data. similar sound. For example the Indonesian lingual variation of word ‘miskin’ can be modified to (1) Skidi papap ‘misqueen’ or even misqin, both modifications The term “skidipapap” is a new term that is popular have similar pronunciation. Phoneme replacement among millennials. In terms of meaning, this term was commonly used by the youth in text-form. has the same meaning as the term that has existed In the morphological aspect, Indonesian lingual in the Indonesian language entry which is sexual variation use among millennials has experienced intercourse. many modifications which are dominated by (2) Sue shortening some vocabulary in the form of acronyms, with a percentage of 14.58%. This The term “Sue” can be categorized as swearing showed that currently, millennials prefer to words or expletives. At present, millennials use shortening forms of communication, both verbal the term “Sue” as a new term as meaning the same and written. For example, the Indonesian lingual thing as the “sial (sue)” entry that has been listed variation of phrase ‘mantap betul’ is transformed in the KBBI. as the word ‘mantul’, even in a bigger constituent New Meanings with Old Forms such as a clause ‘sebatang (rokok) dulu’ is transformed as a word ‘sebatbut’. Indonesian youth New meanings with old form means that the terms are more interested in using unique vocabularies used by the millennial generation have already (Sudarmaningtyas & Rochiyati, 2006: 90-101). existed but contain different new meanings, with the meaning of entries that have been listed in In the syntactic aspect, the Indonesian lingual KBBI. This indication can be seen in the following variation used by millennials was entirely a change data. in word class, with a percentage of 4.17%. As the word “bucin” mention previously, it can be used (1) Receh as a noun or an adjective depending on the context The term “receh (coins)” is an old entry that has of the sentences. This showed that the influence of been listed in the KBBI which refers to the means changes in the vocabulary used by millennials is a of exchange or a legal standard for measuring change in the type of word class, such as a change values, issued by the government of a country in from noun word class (N) to adjective word class the form of silver or other metals. However, the (Adj). current “receh” entry has a new meaning when And last but not least, Indonesian popular lingual it is used by millennials, such as something that variation in the semantic aspect was dominated less valuable or something not classy. As in the by the new-terms with the old-meaning which is sentence: “Guyonannya sangat receh (The joke created by the youth, with a percentage of 18,75%. sounds very bad)”. It indicates that the Indonesian youth tend to create the new form of words but with the exist meanings. IV. DISCUSSION As mentioned previously, the term “skidipapap” From all the data above, it can be concluded is refer to the sexual intercourse. Even the term that there are four internal systems of language; is popular recently but the meaning of ‘sexual phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics that intercourse’ is already known by the public. This use among millennials indicated that the phenomenon of lingual variations

43 Ratna Juwitasari Emha/ Jurnal Arbitrer - Vol. 8 No. 1 (2021) were caused by youths’ habit in creating the new revolution era 4.0. To address such a situation, there terms with the old-meaning, then they spread were phonemes elimination, phoneme addition, it in social media, thus it is caused changes in foreign language affixation, or changes in word Indonesian vocabulary. classes. On account of such obvious matters, in the modification meaning, there was a creation of new meanings in existing terms and the creation of This indicates that millennials preferred using new terms in existing meanings. This indicated that more lingual variation both in verbal and written Indonesian is absolutely a living language because communication. Basically they did not change or a living language is a language that is constantly create many new meanings completely, But they undergoing change or dynamic. retained the meanings of existing references only in forms of new terms. The change of Indonesian lingual variation in word-forming and word meaning that emerged V. CONCLUSION and popularized by millennials in the industrial Based on the analysis obtained in this line of revolution era 4.0 was expected to be an initial research, the phenomenon of the use of Indonesian consideration for Indonesia Language and Book slang among millennials occurred in four levels Development Agency (Pusat Bahasa) to bring of internal linguistics, phonology, morphology, up new entries in KBBI, for complementing new syntax, and semantic. Such obvious findings Indonesian-vocabularies dan Indonesian-meaning disclosed that the Indonesian experienced a necessaries. modification of form and meaning in the industrial

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