DOCSLIB.ORG

Download Document

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Download Document 5 This is the fifth in a series of ten papers published jointly by the EU In- stitute for Security Studies (EUISS) and the European Institute of the Mediterranean (IEMed) which aim to address ten critical topics for February 2010 Euro-Mediterranean relations. The papers have been commissioned with a view to formulating policy options on a set of issues which are central to achieving the objectives set out in the 1995 Barcelona Declaration and the Paris Declaration of 2008, as well as defining new targets for 2020 in the political, economic and social spheres. This fifth paper focuses on the way Europe approaches the issue of Islamic political movements in the Middle East and North Africa. The key message that emerges from the report is that it is time for Europe to engage with political Islam in this region. Both authors of the main chapters in this report – one from the Arab world and the other from Europe – eloquently make the argument that there is no prospect of a 10 credible democratic transformation of the Arab world without the full integration of Islamist movements into the political mainstream. Why Europe must engage with political Islam by amr elshobaki and Gema Martín Muñoz With an introduction by bassma Kodmani ISBN 978-84-393-8117-4 ISBN 978-92-9198-150-2 QN-80-10-005-EN-C European Institute of the Mediterranean Girona 20 EU Institute for Security Studies 08010 Barcelona 43 avenue du Président Wilson Spain 75775 Paris cedex 16 – France phone: + 34 93 244 98 50 phone: + 33 (0) 1 56 89 19 30 european fax: + 34 93 247 01 65 fax: + 33 (0) 1 56 89 19 31 union Institute for e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Security Studies www.iemed.org www.iss.europa.eu rECENT IEMed PUBlICaTIoNS The Institute for Security Studies (EUISS) Books Europa por el Mediterráneo. De Barcelona a Barcelona (1995-2009) Bichara Khader; preface by Senén Florensa and Darío Valcárcel, 2009 was created in January 2002 as a Paris-based autonomous agency of the European Union. Monographs nº 7 Europe-Méditerranée. Enjeux, stratégies, réformes Following an EU Council Joint Action of 20 July 2001, modified by the Joint Action of Larabi Jaïdi, Andreu Bassols, Henry Marty-Gauquié, Iván Martín, Abdelkrim Dah- 21 December 2006, it is now an integral part of the new structures that will support the men, Eneko Landaburu, Diego López Garrido, Senén Florensa et al, 2010 further development of the CFSP/ESDP. The Institute’s core mission is to provide analyses and recommendations that can be of use and relevance to the formulation of EU policies. Documents Report On The Euro-Mediterranean Partnership. Status & Progress 2009 In carrying out that mission, it also acts as an interface between experts and decision- Erwan Lannon, Iván Martín, 2010 makers at all levels. Papers n° 9 Climate Change and Mediterranean Security Hans Günter Brauch, 2010 The European Institute of the Mediterranean (IEMed) n° 8 Le développement d’entreprises dans les pays méditerranéens. is a think tank for the identification and interpretation of the challenges in the Euro-Medi- Constats. Stratégies. Actions terranean area and for the preparation of proposals to confront them. It offers spaces for Guillaume Alméras, 2009 reflection and debate as well as advice and assistance to cultural and cooperation projects Mediterranean Published jointly by IEMed and the Fundació CIDOB in English, French, Arab, in the Mediterranean. Moreover, it promotes the participation of civil society in the Euro- Yearbook Spanish and Catalan. Analyses the most outstanding events in the Mediterranean. Mediterranean space through several networks and in collaboration with entities from the Med.2009 social, economic and cultural worlds. Hassan Abouyoub, Sergio Alesandrini, Paul Balta, Taïb Fassi-Fihri, Benita Ferrero- Waldner, Senén Florensa, Ian Lesser, Miguel Ángel Moratinos, Josep Piqué, Larbi Sadiki, Javier Solana, Álvaro de Vasconcelos, Richard Youngs et al, 2009 In this series 10 Papers for Barcelona 2010, papers will be published alternatively by the IEMed: Recent EUISS PUBlICaTIoNS • Energy and Global Economic Crisis: The Chances for Progress. • Education, research and gender. The sources of progress. Books The Obama Moment – European and American perspectives • Assessment of the Barcelona Process in the light of the new international Alexandra Bell, John Bruton, Tom Cargill, Joseph Cirincione, James F. Dobbins, Nikolas and regional situation. Foster, Daniel S. Hamilton, Bruce Jones, Erik Jones, Ibrahim Kalin, Andrew C. Kuchins, • A deeper Free Trade Area. Michael O Hanlon, Rouzbeh Parsi, Glen Rangwala, Pawel Swieboda, Álvaro de Vas- • Environmental and sustainable development in the Mediterranean. concelos, Alex Vines, Marcin Zaborowski; edited by Álvaro de Vasconcelos and Marcin Zaborowski, 2009 and the EUISS: Chaillot Papers n° 119 Back from the cold? The EU and Belarus in 2009 • No Euro-Mediterranean Community without peace. Margarita M. Balmaceda, Sabine Fischer, Grzegorz Gromadzki, Andrei Liakhovich, • Human security: a new perspective for Euro-Mediterranean cooperation. Astrid Sahm, Vitali Silitski and Leonid Zlotnikov; edited by Sabine Fischer, November • Why Europe must engage with political Islam. 2009 • Human rights, identities and mutual understanding. • Les dynamiques de mouvement de personnes. Occasional Papers n° 82 Cooperation by Committee: The EU Military Committee and the Committee for Civilian Crisis Management Mai’a K. Davis Cross, February 2010 Reports n°06 Post-2011 scenarios in Sudan: What role for the EU? Suliman Baldo, Maria Gabrielsen, Fabienne Hara, Damien Helly, Fouad Hikmat, Michael Kevane, Roland Marchal, Tim Murithi and Luke Patey; edited by Damien © European Institute of the Mediterranean & EU Institute for Security Studies 2010. All rights reserved. Helly, November 2009 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form Policy Brief n° 05 Strength in numbers? Comparing EU military capabilities in 2009 or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior per- with 1999 mission of the EU Institute for Security Studies and the European Institute of the Mediterranean. Daniel Keohane and Charlotte Blommestijn, December 2009 Published by the EU Institute for Security Studies and the European Institute of the Mediterranean, printed in Condé-sur-Noireau (France) by Corlet Imprimeur, graphic design by: Hanno Ranck in co- All EUISS and IEMed publications can be accessed via the Institutes’ websites: operation with Metropolis (Lisbon). www.iss.europa.eu and www.iemed.org 10 PaPerS for February 2010 5 Barcelona 2010 Why europe must engage with political Islam by Amr Elshobaki and Gema Martín Muñoz With an introduction by Bassma Kodmani Contents Introduction 5 Bassma Kodmani Democracy will provide the answers 7 Political Islam is less dangerous than apolitical Islam 8 The key challenge of managing diversity within Arab societies 8 Waning already? Not quite 10 1. « Modérés » et « radicaux » dans le monde arabe – Quelle place pour les islamistes ? 11 Amr Elshobaki Introduction 11 Les mouvements islamistes pacifiques et les défis de l’intégration 12 La problématique islamiste 13 Radicalisme et modération dans le monde arabe : une dichotomie incomplète 13 Que faire avec les islamistes ? 15 Conclusion 17 2. Democracy and the arab world: the ‘Islamist dilemma’ 21 Gema Martín Muñoz Causes of authoritarianism 22 Democratic reform and Islamist parties 25 Which comes first: economic development or democracy? 27 The attitude of Europe and the US to political reform in the Arab and Muslim world 28 What changes should be recommended? 33 annexes 34 About the authors 34 Abbreviations 35 Introduction Bassma Kodmani The key message that emerges from this report is that it is time to engage with the Islamists in the Middle East and North Africa. Both authors – one from the Arab world and the other from Europe – eloquently make the argument that there is no prospect of a credible democratic transformation of the Arab world without the full integration of one powerful player: political Islam. One could argue that over the last five years one of the main changes in European thinking has been to acknowledge that political Islam is part of the reality of Southern Mediterranean countries. European commentators and analysts have gradually come around to the idea that is it is absolutely necessary to engage with Islamic political movements and to get to know them better. This is undoubtedly a sign of progress, irrespective of one’s sympathy or lack thereof for the Islamists and their ideas, if only because it indicates that European societies are not in the business of hand-picking interlocutors who are to their liking and seeking to re- shape Arab societies to mirror their own. But it is also clear that the discovery in Europe of this reality, namely that Islam- ists are a major political force in the Arab countries, has diminished European (and American) enthusiasm for pushing forward a transformative agenda and has made the approach to democracy promotion a hesitant and reluctant effort at best. Europeans are somehow disappointed and perhaps even a little offended that things have not turned out the way they expected. Over the last two decades or so, they nurtured human rights organisations across the region which championed individual rights and unreservedly espoused the Western discourse on democrat- ic practices. They were expecting to see these like-minded groups evolve into full political players or to inspire powerful political parties. What they see instead is the emergence of Islamist groups whose constituencies are rooted in a civil soci- ety they do not know. In Arabic, ahli and madani are two terms used to define what in Western languages is called civil society; ahli refers to a society with traditional bonds of kinship and neighbourhood largely sustained by faith-based organisa- tions, while madani is a more recent term and refers more to a secular-oriented 5 Why Europe must engage with political Islam civil society as understood in Western terms.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Europe, Not the United States, Pays the Price of Failure in Syria Europe
    Jadal ! ! ! October 2015 Europe, not the United States, pays the price of failure in Syria Bassma Kodmani* Russian President Putin has decided that Syria is part of Russia’s near abroad, no less than Ukraine it seems, a territory where some vital national interests are at stake. He has predicted the fecklessness of Western powers well. Whether he is deploying his arsenal in Syria to fight Daesh or to bolster Assad, by moving massive military presence into Syria he has made himself the one player that counts and has put himself in a position to call the shots. He does not have a strategy to end the conflict. But he has one that he thinks will guarantee Russia’s influence in this pivotal country while the West !has no strategy to confront him. Europeans have been waiting for American leadership on Syria for the last four years. Some were ready to move against Assad after he used chemical weapons against civilians. The French were most committed to Obama’s red line, but Kerry and Lavrov found a way out with the agreement on Assad’s chemical arsenal, which was welcomed by all as a relief. The fact that Assad was saved and his ability to continue striking remained intact was deemed regrettable, but European countries thought they could live with the problem. Daesh was a minor concern back then which a few brave fighters from the Free Syrian Army could deal with. But this inaction had consequences, which are now felt acutely across Europe. ! The debate in Europe has since revolved around all the “good reasons” for keeping Assad in place and containing the conflict.
    [Show full text]
  • Syrian Foreign Policy and the United States: from Bush to Obama
    SYRIAN FOREIGN POLICY AND THE UNITED STATES: FROM BUSH TO OBAMA By Raymond Hinnebusch, Marwan Kabalan, Bassma Kodmani and David Lesch St Andrews papers on Contemporary Syria, 2010 1 2 Syrian Foreign Policy Foreword Raymond Hinnebusch These four analyses look at Syrian foreign policy, and particularly the ups and downs in Syria’s relationship with the US since Bashar al-Asad and George W. Bush nearly simultaneously came to power. One of the most striking and puzzling aspects of this relation is why a Syrian leader keen to improve relations with the West was soon the object of a concerted attempt to demonize and isolate him. Arguably this had more to do with the American politics than with Syria and had Kerry won the 2000 US election US-Syrian relations would almost certainly have taken a much different tangent and the history of the Middle East would have turned out very differently. The focus of the analyses is however on what makes Syria tick and how this explains its strategies in dealing with the hostile, aggressive and powerful US under Bush. The analysis by Hinnebusch looks particularly at the continuities from the Hafiz period, showing how Syria was in the late nineties on course for a peace settlement with Israel under US auspices. The failure of the peace negotiations set entrain a series of moves and countermoves that contributed to a crisis in Syrian- US relations, with Iraq and Lebanon the foci of their clashing agendas. The article finishes with a look at the fresh start between the two states at the beginning of the Obama administration.
    [Show full text]
  • Arab Uprisings and Armed Forces: Between Openness and Resistance
    SSR PAPER 2 Arab Uprisings and Armed Forces: Between Openness and Resistance Derek Lutterbeck DCAF DCAF a centre for security, development and the rule of law SSR PAPER 2 Arab Uprisings and Armed Forces Between Openness and Resistance Derek Lutterbeck DCAF The Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) is an international foundation whose mission is to assist the international community in pursuing good governance and reform of the security sector. The Centre develops and promotes norms and standards, conducts tailored policy research, identifies good practices and recommendations to promote democratic security sector governance, and provides in‐country advisory support and practical assistance programmes. SSR Papers is a flagship DCAF publication series intended to contribute innovative thinking on important themes and approaches relating to security sector reform (SSR) in the broader context of security sector governance (SSG). Papers provide original and provocative analysis on topics that are directly linked to the challenges of a governance‐driven security sector reform agenda. SSR Papers are intended for researchers, policy‐makers and practitioners involved in this field. ISBN 978‐92‐9222‐180‐5 © 2011 The Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces EDITORS Alan Bryden & Heiner Hänggi PRODUCTION Yury Korobovsky COPY EDITOR Cherry Ekins COVER IMAGE © Suhaib Salem/Reuters The views expressed are those of the author(s) alone and do not in any way reflect the views of the institutions referred to or
    [Show full text]
  • Consulter/Télécharger
    Sommaire | septembre 2016 Éditorial 4 | Le casse-tête syrien › Valérie Toranian Dossier | L’Occident face à la Syrie 8 | Henry Laurens. « Les jeux d’ingérence et d’interaction existent en Syrie depuis deux cents ans » › Valérie Toranian et Aurélie Julia 20 | Le chemin de Damas de la France en Orient › François d’Orcival 30 | Renaud Girard. « La France doit sortir de son aveuglement néoconservateur au plus vite » › Jean-Loup Bonnamy 43 | Palmyre entre deux mondes › Maurice Sartre 54 | Le clan Assad à l’épreuve du feu › Isabelle Hausser 61 | Les ressorts de l’intervention russe en Syrie › Thomas Gomart 69 | L’Arabie saoudite et le financement des djihadistes › Richard Labévière 76 | Minorités syriennes › Richard Millet 85 | La peur › Bassma Kodmani 93 | Yassin al-Haj Saleh. « Il faut traduire Bachar al-Assad en justice » › Valérie Toranian et Aurélie Julia 107 | Lettre à Ala’ › Samar Yazbek 2 SEPTEMBRE 2016 113 | Gérard Chaliand. « Aucune puissance ne souhaite un Kurdistan indépendant » › Valérie Toranian 129 | Rojava : une révolution communaliste au Kurdistan syrien ? › Bruno Deniel-Laurent 136 | À la rencontre des femmes combattantes au Kurdistan › Juliette Minces Études, reportages, réflexions 146 | L’argent fait-il le bonheur ? › Annick Steta 153 | Éclat et éclipse du génie › Michel Delon Littérature 160 | Dernière rencontre. Maurice G. Dantec. « La vraie littérature est dangereuse » › Samuel Estier 175 | « La littérature est aussi une réparation » › Karine Tuil 181 | Sous le soleil de Bernanos › Stéphane Guégan Critiques 186 | LIVRES
    [Show full text]
  • Let's Build Peace Here and Now Episode 2
    LET’S BUILD PEACE, HERE & NOW EPISODE 2: BASSMA KODMANI AND DAWN SHACKLES 21 JUNE 2021 9:00 AM EDT 1:00 PM UTC 2:00 PM BST 3:00 PM CEST 6:30 PM IST REGISTER HERE https://us02web.zoom.us/meeting/register/tZEsd-6vqzorGdIYK82n5UQKs2hdIDPRAnfN ABOUT THIS EVENT In the second episode of ‘Let’s build peace: here and now’ conversations, Dawn Shackels, a local activist from Northern Ireland will speak with Bassma Kodmani, a fellow activist and peacebuilder who has worked for over 30 years on what she describes as the cause of her life, Syria. Dawn and Bassma will draw on their shared experiences to talk about what drives them to dedicate their life to the cause of peace in their respective contexts? What motivates them to take the risks? What keeps them going in the face of adversity? And what have they learned over the years about the key elements of building enduring peace? They will share their stories as individuals who feel a visceral calling to the cause. They will speak of their losses, of the inheritance of the legacy of all those who came before them and about their work of peacebuilding being a permanent state of transition. We invite you to join us for this 75 minute conversation between two peacebuilders about what it takes to build peace. The conversation will be structured as a dialogue for deep listening, for understanding and learning from each other. It will be moderated by Barry Knight. ABOUT BASSMA Bassma Kodmani is the founder and former Director of the Arab Reform Initiative, a think tank promoting Arab thinking and homegrown options for change.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dangers of Political Exclusion: Egypt's Islamist Problem
    Middle East Series CARNEGIE PAPERS THE DANGERS OF POLITICAL EXCLUSION: Egypt’s Islamist Problem Bassma Kodmani Democracy and Rule of Law Project Number 63 October 2005 © 2005 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the Carnegie Endowment. Please direct inquiries to: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Publications Department 1779 Massachusetts Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20036 Phone: 202-483-7600 Fax: 202-483-1840 www.CarnegieEndowment.org This publication can be downloaded for free at www.CarnegieEndowment.org/pubs. Limited print copies are also available. To request a copy, send an e-mail to [email protected]. Carnegie Papers Carnegie Papers present new research by Endowment associates and their collaborators from other institutions. The series includes new time-sensitive research and key excerpts from larger works in progress. Comments from readers are welcome; reply to the author at the mailing address above or by e-mail to [email protected]. About the Author Bassma Kodmani is associate professor at the College de France and director of the Arab Reform Initiative. She can be contacted at [email protected]. CONTENTS Introduction . 3 Mighty State . 4 Religious Establishment . 5 Political Choreography . 8 Ramifications . 12 Reclaiming Politics . 17 Notes . 23 Je ne vois pas dans la religion le mystère de l’Incarnation mais le mystère de l’Ordre social. La religion rattache au Ciel une idée d’égalité qui empêche le riche d’être massacré par le pauvre.
    [Show full text]
  • View / Download 10.1 Mb
    To Elif, Cüneyt and Mahir EXPLAINING DURATION OF LEADERSHIP CHANGE IN ARAB UPRISINGS THROUGH PERCEIVED POLITICAL OPPORTUNITY STRUCTURES: COMPARING EGYPT AND SYRIA The Graduate School of Economics and Social Sciences of İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University by OSMAN BAHADIR DİNÇER In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN POLITICAL SCIENCE THE DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SICENCE AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION İHSAN DOĞRAMACI BİLKENT UNIVERSITY ANKARA September 2016 ABSTRACT EXPLAINING DURATION OF LEADERSHIP CHANGE IN ARAB UPRISINGS THROUGH PERCEIVED POLITICAL OPPORTUNITY STRUCTURES: COMPARING EGYPT AND SYRIA Dinçer, Osman Bahadır Ph. D., Department of Political Science and Public Administration Supervisor: Asst. Prof. Dr. Saime Özçürümez Bölükbaşı September 2016 Egyptian President Mubarak was forced to leave office after turbulent public protests that lasted eighteen days in 2011. Yet, in the Syrian case, we have currently been witnessing a completely different state of affairs. Hence, this comparative work is an attempt at exploring the dynamics of change within the context of domestic politics in two of the most important ‘Arab Spring’ countries, Egypt and Syria. The present research seeks to answer the following question: During the recent uprisings in the Arab world, why has the removal from office of the incumbent leader is less likely in Syria when compared to Egypt? The purpose of this research is two-fold. First, it investigates whether or not the historical trajectories [particularly from early 1970s to 2011] of these two states indicate a substantial difference in terms of being politically open or closed and in having different institutions with different characteristics. Second, it examines to what extent the strategies implemented by the regimes during the uprisings (January 25, 2011- February 11, 2011 [Egypt] and March 2011-2014 iii [Syria]) influence the claim-making capabilities of those opposition groups and the structure of elite alliances within the society and political scene.
    [Show full text]
  • Arab Uprisings and Armed Forces: Between Openness and Resistance
    SSR PAPER 2 Arab Uprisings and Armed Forces: Between Openness and Resistance Derek Lutterbeck DCAF DCAF a centre for security, development and the rule of law SSR PAPER 2 Arab Uprisings and Armed Forces Between Openness and Resistance Derek Lutterbeck DCAF Published by Ubiquity Press Ltd. 6 Osborn Street, Unit 2N London E1 6TD www.ubiquitypress.com Text © Derek Lutterbeck 2011 First published 2011 Transferred to Ubiquity Press 2018 Cover image © Suhaib Salem/Reuters Editors: Alan Bryden & Heiner Hänggi Production: Yury Korobovsky Copy editor: Cherry Ekins ISBN (PDF): 978-1-911529-29-3 ISSN (online): 2571-9297 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/bbm This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (unless stated otherwise within the content of the work). To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA. This license allows for copying any part of the work for personal and commercial use, providing author attribution is clearly stated. This book was originally published by the Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF), an international foundation whose mission is to assist the international community in pursuing good governance and reform of the security sector. The title transferred to Ubiquity Press when the series moved to an open access platform. The full text of this book was peer reviewed according to the original publisher’s policy at the time. The original ISBN for this title was 978-92-9222-180-5.
    [Show full text]
  • Protecting the Syrian Resistance, Achieving a Democratic Outcome
    Arab Reform Initiative 1 Empowering the Democratic Resistance in Syria September 2013 EMPOWERING THE DEMOCRATIC RESISTANCE IN SYRIA Bassma KODMANI Félix LEGRAND Arab Reform1 Initiative Beirut- Paris www.arab-reform.net Arab Reform Initiative 2 Empowering the Democratic Resistance in Syria About the Arab Reform Initiative The Arab Reform Initiative (ARI) is a consortium of regional policy analysis institutes that strives to mobilize research capacity to advance knowledge and nurture home-grown and responsive programs for democratic reform in the Arab World. ARI seeks to generate, facilitate, and disseminate knowledge by and for Arab societies. It engages political actors and social movements on democratic transformation. In the quest to build free, just and democratic societies, ARI focuses on the current revolutionary processes in the Arab world, the new patterns of interaction between political forces, governments and societies, political, socio-economic and cultural transformations, and social justice. It opens a space for diverse voices and brings in the key actors in the transformation processes at play: intellectuals and activists, women and representatives of civil society, human rights groups, social movements and political parties, the private sector, the media, etc. As an Arab organization with partner institutes across the region, ARI is an interlocutor and partner for governments and think tanks in other regions of the world. ARI produces research and policy analysis, supports networks and young scholars, provides neutral space for debate between diverse political groups, convenes policy dialogues and organizes regional platforms on critical issues relted tot the transition processes. About the Authors BASSMA KODMANI is the director of the Arab Reform Initiative and a founding member of the Paris based NGO Initiative for a New Syria.
    [Show full text]
  • Regional Perspectives on the Syrian Crisis
    ankara round tables ANKARA 2012 Quo Vadis? Regional Perspectives on the Syrian Crisis Ankara Round Tables No: 1 Editor: Ufuk Ulutaş Transcripts: Gülşah Neslihan Demir, Zehra Senem Demir, Dov Friedman, Müjge Küçükkeleş, Saliha Ziya. Event Photos: Volkan Yıldırım Other Photos: AA & Reuters Design&Layout: M. Fuat Er, Ümare Yazar Printed in Turkey, Ankara by Pelin Ofset, May 2012 COPYRIGHT ©2012 by SETA ISBN: 978-605-4023-17-2 All rigts are reserved. SETA, Nenehatun Caddesi No.66 GOP Çankaya 06700 Ankara Turkey Pbx: +90 312 551 21 00 Fax: +90 312 551 21 90 www.setav.org [email protected] twitter: @setavakfi Ankara Round Tables Quo Vadis?: Regional Perspectives on the Syrian Crisis April 3rd, 2012, Ankara A pro-Assad demonstration in Damascus Quo Vadis?: Regional Perspectives on the Syrian Crisis SETA ROUNDTABLE | 16 Content Summary 17 List of Participants 18 1 From Tunis to Damascus: The 20 Road to the Syrian Uprising 4 What is at stake? Regional and 48 Global Positions on Syria 2 The Syrian Crisis: Its Nature, 26 and Domestic and Regional Implications 5 The Moment of Truth: Proposals, 72 Initiatives and Conflict Resolution in Syria 3 Syrian Opposition vs. the Assad 32 Regime 6 The Syrian Crisis: An Official 86 Perspective from Turkey Participants 91 Index 96 17 | SETA ROUNDTABLE Quo Vadis?: Regional Perspectives on the Syrian Crisis A massive explosion in Damascus Quo Vadis?: Regional Perspectives on the Syrian Crisis SETA ROUNDTABLE | 18 Summary The demonstrations which broke out in Tunisia the SNC’s progress, the appereance of fragmentation in December 2010 turned into a wave of popular discourages support from the international uprisings.
    [Show full text]
  • Transcript of Bassma Kodmani Interview
    Transcript of Bassma Kodmani interview PLEASE NOTE "THE ANDREW MARR SHOW" MUST BE CREDITED IF ANY PART OF THIS TRANSCRIPT IS USED THE ANDREW MARR SHOW INTERVIEW: DR BASSMA KODMANI SPOKESWOMAN SYRIAN NATIONAL COUNCIL MARCH 11th 2012 ANDREW MARR: In Syria, the army has launched a new assault yesterday shelling some of the centres of the uprising against the Assad regime. The military operation has raised fears of a new all out offensive. Earlier I was joined from Istanbul by a senior member of the Syrian National Council, which is the group which many countries now recognise as the official opposition. Dr Bassma Kodmani is Head of the Foreign Relations Council. I began by asking her if she believed that Kofi Annan's talks with Bashar al-Assad, which are now in their second day, would bring any relief to the situation. BASSMA KODMANI: Relief, first of all, definitely. The emergency there is such that I think one first result of Kofi Annan's visit should be the free access for humanitarian assistance, immediate humanitarian assistance. If that does not happen, I am not sure Kofi Annan will be able to continue his mission. So this is, I think, a first concrete result that anyone would like to see - that the SNC would like to see, and the people in Syria definitely. In terms of the prospects for his success, we just want to make sure this is not just a mere mediation. For us, from the SNC perspective, there is no way there's any discussion or dialogue. We don't speak of dialogue.
    [Show full text]
  • Syrian Women in Political Processes 2012–2016, Literature Review Syrian Women in Political Processes
    THE PARTICIPATION OF SYRIAN WOMEN IN POLITICAL PROCESSES 2012–2016, LITERATURE REVIEW SYRIAN WOMEN IN POLITICAL PROCESSES AUTHOR | BELA KAPUR COMMISSIONED BY PUBLISHER | LINDA SÄLL THE KVINNA TILL KVINNA FOUNDATION Foreword “The revolutionary Syrian woman is a reality, not a legend.”1 It is now five years since the UN began its mediation efforts to resolve the Syrian conflict. The sixth round of peace talks in Geneva recently came to an end. Throughout this process over the past five years, women have remained largely excluded from participating meaningfully. Considerable efforts have been made to include Syrian women in the peacemaking process – principally those of Syrian women – with the support of the United Nations, and specifically the Special Envoy on Syria and UN Women, international women’s non-governmental organisations and UN Member States. As members of the international community, we have little insight into the number, role or indeed influence of women participating as negotiators within the Government delegation to the Geneva peace process. We do know, however, that two women have been participating as negotiators within the opposition delegation to the peace talks. We also know from other international experience and recent academic research that inclusive peace processes in which women are able to exercise strong influence on the negotiations are more likely to lead to sustainable peace. So now – more than 6 years after the brutal conflict in Syria began and more than 5 years since the UN-mediated negotiations to end the conflict got started – the need to ensure women’s meaningful participation and inclusion in peacemaking in Syria is urgent.
    [Show full text]