DOCSLIB.ORG

Crawford&Smith.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Crawford&Smith.Pdf The Northeast, as we delimit it for the purposes of this chapter, is =cult ktegrate in a cogent manner, and northeastern paleoethnobo~cal eU& has not provided balanced coverage of all the periods and subregions. this chapter, therefore, we define the Northeast narrowly, as an area &ding the boreal regions. Our focus is on the Great Lakes region, Atlantic and New England. This chapter deals with the Eastern Collecting, astern Coastal, and Northern Mixed Economy patterns. Ill g the past 20 years, researchers at the University of Toronto have J \\ tensi~elystudied a variety of plant remains collections. These include assem- tfa& Northeast from the late precontact Iroquoian seed-~arkerand Wallace sites neap orthwest end of Lake Ontario; the Auger, Ball, Bidmead, and Peden sites Georgian Bay in Huronia (Monckton 1992); the early Late Woodland GARYW. CRAWFORDAND DAVIDG. SMITH dB&, Cayuga Bridge, Meyer, and Forster sites (Bowyer 1995; Saunders 2; Smith and Crawford 1997); a number of Early Iroquoian sites in south- tern Ontario (Ounjian 1998); an Iroquoian site in New York State onckton 1988); the probable Algonkian Shawana and Providence Bay sites Manitoulin Island, the Hunter's Point site on Bruce Peninsula, and the ghland Lake site in the Madawaska Highlands (Crawford 1989; Goode 1993; Gernet 1992); and the Late Maritime Woodland Skull Island site in New 0th foragers and peoples with a mixed fora ck (Leonard 1991, 1996) (Figures 6.1 and 6.2). Because a single chap- farming economy lived in the Northeast in the ot do justice to all of the data available, we explore the paleoethno- past. About 40 distinct local populations occupi of the Northeast focusing on primary data from University of Toronto region stretching from the Atlantic coast west to the Gre earch. Data from the Seed-Barker and Wallace sites are reported here for and from the Arctic south to the headwaters are first time, as are summary metric data on cultigen remains from Ontario. Mississippi River. Despite this extraordinary cultural have made every attempt to appropriately integrate the University of researchers have discerned five cultural patterns through onto data with paleoethnobotanicd data from the rest of the Northeast. space: Eastern Collecting, Adena-Hopewell, Mississi t we outline the history of research in the region. Next we briefly dis- Northern Iroquoian, and Northeastern Coastal (Trig nvironmental history, emphasizing pollen data. Our approach in the The patterns that we distinguish di£fesomewhat quent text is to move from general to specific issues. First we summa- scheme. We consider ulterior New England groups aleoethnobotanical studies, grouped according to the three main cul- 2 s-i crops to be distinctive, ~articularlybecause they wer atterns on which we focus. The Eastern Collecting pattern is subdi- Algonkian rather than Iroquoian. Furthermore, because to four topics: (1) Paleoindian and Archaic, (2) Early and Middle I3 3 groups occupied the westernmost edge of the Northeast &and, (3) Late Woodland and Upper Mississippian (non-mixed-econ- H we feel that the label "Northern Iroquoian" is too limi examples), (4) and wild rice collecting. Discussion of the Northern 3 we prefer "Northern Mixed Economy." The New d pattern is split into two topics, Late Woodland 1 and Late Woodland 3' Algonkian mixed-economy groups are discussed in the 1% Middle, and Late). The history of crop husbandry is taken up in a 5 the Northeastern Coastal pattern, which subsumes gr ate section, as is a detailed examination of uldividual crops and anthro- 3 3 varying dependence on crops, including those with non me environments. t& a-t 173 native plant remains. Sites of unspecified cultural affiliation brought the to In the 1960s and 1970s, paleoethnobotany suffered from a lack ofinsti- number of sites with native plant remains to 59 and the total number of tutional support in the Northeast. Eastern Canada lacked proper resources to 21 (Yamell 1964:2 1). Cultigen remains had been recovered from a larg completely. This is no longer entirely the case. In the 1980s and 1990s, field number of Late Woodland sites. Despite the paucity of archaeobotanical da schools and cultural resource management (CRM) work have regularly in the mid-1960s, Yamell succeeded in stimulatingpaleoethnobotanical rese hcluded flot~tion.In addition, two doctoral theses have focused on paleo- in the Northeast, and anyone researching Northeast paleoethnobotany to ethnobotanical data in Ontario (Monckton 1992; Ounjian 1998; Saunders must familiarize him- or herself with Yamell 1964. 2002). Curiously, though, among the 19 contributors to Hart's 1999 volume Two years after his monograph appeared, Yamell produced a separate trea on Northeast paleoethnobotany, the minority were specialists. The demand merit of Wisconsin plant remains, adding reports from three sites and brin for research is outstripping our ability to train paleoethnobotanists. the total number of published reports of identified plant remains in that stat Yarnell (1964) explored a number of lines of research that, in some cases, to 10 (Yarnell 1966). The three sites all postdated A.D. 950. Thirteen taxa w have seen significant progress in the last three and a half decades. These reported, three of them (maize, bean, and cucurbit) cultigens. In the late 196 include cultigen distributions and the correlation of these distributions with the Effigy Mound Project in Wisconsin incorporated extensive flotation as climatic data; seasonality interpretations; anthropogenic change, including of its program (Hurley 1975). This program was the first of its land in the s the creation and use of disclimaxvegetation; plant range modifications; small but, unfortunately, it had little impact on furthering pale~ethnobotan~ seeds as food; the history of crops in the area; and the degree of correspon- Northeast because it fell victim to a common problem, namely, a lac dence between plant remains and ethnobotanical data. resources and expertise to complete the analysis. The samples that were c Research foci today are varied. Studies include examination of the inter- lected were not examined in any detail until the 1980s (Crawford and Hurl action between foragers and farmers (e.g., Algonkian and Huron); the ori- 1982). Flotation subsequently tookplace in Wisconsin at the Armstrong site gins of food production; the nature of local adaptations; the extent to which the early 1970s (Crawford and King 1978) and since then has become a stan- cultigens indigenous to the U.S. Midwest, such as sumpweed (lva annzla ssp. dard data recovery technique (e.g., Arzigian 1987; Arzigian et al. 1990). macrocarpd), rnaygrass (Phdaris cadiniana), chenopod (Chenopodiinn By the mid-1970s, research was still lagging in the Northeast. In fa berlandieri ssp.@nesianu?fi), and sdower (see Table 6.1 for scientific names MacNeish claimed that in the intervening years since the publication of summary), intruded into the Northeast; questions pertaining to Iroquoian in situ theory of Iroquois origins, "environmental, ecological, and other food production and subsistence ecology in general; spatial patterning of sophisticated study in Iroquoia... seems rarely to have been attempted or com- plant remains; site formation processes; detailed examination of specific pleted" (1976:96). Despite this observation, which was for the most part true, plants, for example, the characteristics of local sunflower; the precontact the first flotation sampling had already begun at a few Ontario Late extent of wild rice use; the role of maple (Acer sacchanmz) sap in precontact Woodland sites (Fecteau 1985; King and Crawford 1979). Since 1973, animal subsistence (Munson 1989); and variation in archaeological corn, as well and plant remains analyses have become commonplace on Late Woodland as other topics. sites in the province. That year marked the beginning of extensive flotation One of the more widely studied topics, the beginnings of food production, 2P at the Late Ontario Iroquoian Draper and White sites (Hayden 1979) an is becoming increasingly well documented in the Midwest, but in the g at the Middle Ontario Iroquoian Crawford Lake site (Finlayson and Byrne Northeast the period of early plant husbandry was extremely poorly known 2^ 1975). During the following decade, more than 30 post-A.D900 sites were before the 1990s (Fritz 1990). A research program begun in 1993 at the sampled for detailed plant-related subsistence-ecological data. In addition, University of Toronto has helped clarify many of the issues. A few sites 4 cultigen remains were reported from more than 100 Late Woodland sites in located in the northern extremes of the mixed-forest zone provide insights 9 Ontario. By the late 1970s, collections were being amassed from sites dat- into the paleoethnobotany of the Eastern Collecting pattern. For example, 5 ing to as early as the Archaic period. research that relates specifically to Yamell's Juntunen workwas accomplished 3 ^a. r-t A -- Table 6.1 Commonly Identified Plant Taxa from Northeastern Archaeological Sites Mixed Mixed Early/Middle NE Coastal Economy Economy Common Name Scientific Name Paleoindian Archaic Woodland Northern Tier (Pottery) (South) (North) NEW WORLD CULTIGENS Bean (common) Phaseolw vzilgaris x x x x Bottle gourd Lngenaria siceraria x Chenopod Chempodium berlandiwi x Cordmaize Zea mays x x x x Cucurbit Cuairbita pep0 x x Little barley Hordeziv~pztsillwn x x Sunflower Helianthw annzizts ssp. macrocqvs x x x Tobacco Nicotiana sp., cf. N. nuticn x x x OLD WORLD CULTIGENS Barley Hordezinz vzilgarc Flax Linwn sp. Pea Pisii7/; sativzinz Rhubarb Rheum sp. Rye Secale Wheat Eitimaeati'vzin~ GRAIN~GREENS Aster family Asteraceae Wild sumpweed Iva nn~uii Wild? sunflower Helinnthw sp. Bean family Fabaceae Buckbean Me~zyanthesw!foliata Groundnut (tuber) Apios tiiberosa Hog peanut Ampbicarpa bracteata Bush clover Lespedeza sp. Tick clover Desr~zodiumsp. Vetchling Lathy-iia sp. Chenopodium/Amiiraiitbw sp. Amaranth Amnranthts sp. Chenopod C/~cnopodizinzsp. Chenopod C. berlandieri ssp. jonesianum Maple-leafed C. hybridurn ssp. gigantospenm goosefoot Chickweed Stellaria sp. Grass family Poaceae Barnyard grass Echinochloa critsgal/i Big bluestem Aiidropogon Crabgrass Digitaria sp.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Native American Origins of Modern Lacrosse Jeffrey Carey Clemson University, [email protected]
    Clemson University TigerPrints All Theses Theses 8-2012 New Directions of Play: Native American Origins of Modern Lacrosse Jeffrey Carey Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Carey, Jeffrey, "New Directions of Play: Native American Origins of Modern Lacrosse" (2012). All Theses. 1508. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/1508 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NEW DIRECTIONS OF PLAY: NATIVE AMERICAN ORIGINS OF MODERN LACROSSE A Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree Master of Arts History by Jeff Carey August 2012 Accepted by: Dr. Paul Anderson, Committee Chair Dr. James Jeffries Dr. Alan Grubb ABSTRACT The purpose of this thesis is to provide a history of lacrosse from the seventeenth century, when the game was played exclusively by Native Americans, to the early decades of the twentieth century, when the game began to flourish in non-Native settings in Canada and the United States. While the game was first developed by Native Americans well before contact with Europeans, lacrosse became standardized by a group of Canadians led by George Beers in 1867, and has continued to develop into the twenty- first century. The thesis aims to illuminate the historical linkages between the ball game that existed among Native Americans at the time of contact with Europeans and the ball game that was eventually adopted and shaped into modern lacrosse by European Americans.
    [Show full text]
  • A Bioarchaeological Study of a Prehistoric Michigan Population: Fraaer-Tyra Site (20Sa9) Allison June Muhammad Wayne State University
    Wayne State University Wayne State University Dissertations 1-1-2010 A Bioarchaeological Study Of A Prehistoric Michigan Population: Fraaer-Tyra Site (20sa9) Allison June Muhammad Wayne State University Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations Part of the Organic Chemistry Commons, and the Other Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Muhammad, Allison June, "A Bioarchaeological Study Of A Prehistoric Michigan Population: Fraaer-Tyra Site (20sa9)" (2010). Wayne State University Dissertations. Paper 50. This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@WayneState. It has been accepted for inclusion in Wayne State University Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@WayneState. A BIOARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY OF A LATE WOODLAND POPULATION FROM MICHIGAN: FRAZER-TYRA SITE (20SA9) by ALLISON JUNE MUHAMMAD DISSERTATION Submitted to the Graduate School of Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY 2010 MAJOR: ANTHROPOLOGY (Archaeology) Approved by: Advisor Date © COPYRIGHT BY ALLISON JUNE MUHAMMAD 2010 All Rights Reserved ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Bismillahi Rahmani Rahim Ashhadu alla ilaha illa-llahu wa Ashhadu anna Muhammadan abduhu wa rasuluh I would like to acknowledge my beautiful, energetic, loving daughters Bahirah, Laila, and Nadia. You have been my inspiration to complete this journey. I would also like to thank my family and friends for their kindness and their support. I would like to acknowledge the support and guidance of Dr. Mark Baskaran and Dr. Ed Van Hees of the WSU Geology department I would like to acknowledge the dedication and commitment of my dissertation committee to my success, particularly Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Toronto Has No History!’
    ‘TORONTO HAS NO HISTORY!’ INDIGENEITY, SETTLER COLONIALISM AND HISTORICAL MEMORY IN CANADA’S LARGEST CITY By Victoria Jane Freeman A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History University of Toronto ©Copyright by Victoria Jane Freeman 2010 ABSTRACT ‘TORONTO HAS NO HISTORY!’ ABSTRACT ‘TORONTO HAS NO HISTORY!’ INDIGENEITY, SETTLER COLONIALISM AND HISTORICAL MEMORY IN CANADA’S LARGEST CITY Doctor of Philosophy 2010 Victoria Jane Freeman Graduate Department of History University of Toronto The Indigenous past is largely absent from settler representations of the history of the city of Toronto, Canada. Nineteenth and twentieth century historical chroniclers often downplayed the historic presence of the Mississaugas and their Indigenous predecessors by drawing on doctrines of terra nullius , ignoring the significance of the Toronto Purchase, and changing the city’s foundational story from the establishment of York in 1793 to the incorporation of the City of Toronto in 1834. These chroniclers usually assumed that “real Indians” and urban life were inimical. Often their representations implied that local Indigenous peoples had no significant history and thus the region had little or no history before the arrival of Europeans. Alternatively, narratives of ethical settler indigenization positioned the Indigenous past as the uncivilized starting point in a monological European theory of historical development. i i iii In many civic discourses, the city stood in for the nation as a symbol of its future, and national history stood in for the region’s local history. The national replaced ‘the Indigenous’ in an ideological process that peaked between the 1880s and the 1930s.
    [Show full text]
  • Kolomoki Memoirs
    Kolomoki Memoirs By Williams H. Sears Edited with a Preface By Mark Williams and Karl T. Steinen University of Georgia and University of West Georgia University of Georgia Laboratory of Archaeology Series Report Number 70 2013 Preface Mark Williams and Karl T. Steinen This document was written by Bill Sears about 1988 at his home in Vero Beach, Florida. He had retired in 1982 after a career teaching anthropology and archaeology at from Florida Atlantic University. He was working on a book of his professional memoirs, intended to summarize the many archaeological sites he had worked on in Georgia and Florida from 1947 until his retirement. He wrote chapters on his 1948 excavation at the Wilbanks site (9CK5) in the Allatoona Reservoir (Sears 1958), on his 1953 excavation at the famous Etowah site (9BR1), and on his 1947-1951 excavations at the Kolomoki site (9ER1) published in four volumes (Sears 1951a, 1951b, 1953, 1956). These three sites constituted the bulk of his archaeological excavations in Georgia. Apparently he never wrote the intended chapters on his archaeological work in Florida, and the book was never completed. Following his death in December of 1996 (see Ruhl and Steinen 1997), his wife Elsie found the three chapters in a box and passed them on to one of us (Steinen). The chapters on Etowah and Wilbanks are being published separately. The document we present here is his unpublished chapter on the Kolomoki site. It provides a fascinating look at the state of archaeology in Georgia 65 years ago and is filled with pointed insights on many people.
    [Show full text]
  • Haudenosaunee Tradition, Sport, and the Lines of Gender Allan Downey
    Document generated on 10/01/2021 2:28 p.m. Journal of the Canadian Historical Association Revue de la Société historique du Canada Engendering Nationality: Haudenosaunee Tradition, Sport, and the Lines of Gender Allan Downey Volume 23, Number 1, 2012 Article abstract The Native game of lacrosse has undergone a considerable amount of change URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1015736ar since it was appropriated from Aboriginal peoples beginning in the 1840s. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/1015736ar Through this reformulation, non-Native Canadians attempted to establish a national identity through the sport and barred Aboriginal athletes from See table of contents championship competitions. And yet, lacrosse remained a significant element of Aboriginal culture, spirituality, and the Native originators continued to play the game beyond the non-Native championship classifications. Despite their Publisher(s) absence from championship play the Aboriginal roots of lacrosse were zealously celebrated as a form of North American antiquity by non-Aboriginals The Canadian Historical Association / La Société historique du Canada and through this persistence Natives developed their own identity as players of the sport. Ousted from international competition for more than a century, this ISSN article examines the formation of the Iroquois Nationals (lacrosse team representing the Haudenosaunee Confederacy in international competition) 0847-4478 (print) between 1983-1990 and their struggle to re-enter international competition as a 1712-6274 (digital) sovereign nation. It will demonstrate how the Iroquois Nationals were a symbolic element of a larger resurgence of Haudenosaunee “traditionalism” Explore this journal and how the team was a catalyst for unmasking intercommunity conflicts between that traditionalism—engrained within the Haudenosaunee’s “traditional” Longhouse religion, culture, and gender constructions— and new Cite this article political adaptations.
    [Show full text]
  • Minnesota Statewide Multiple Property Documentation Form for the Woodland Tradition
    Minnesota Statewide Multiple Property Documentation Form for the Woodland Tradition Submitted to the Minnesota Department of Transportation Submitted by Constance Arzigian Mississippi Valley Archaeology Center at the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse July 2008 MINNESOTA STATEWIDE MULTIPLE PROPERTY DOCUMENTATION FORM FOR THE WOODLAND TRADITION FINAL Mn/DOT Agreement No. 89964 MVAC Report No. 735 Authorized and Sponsored by: Minnesota Department of Transportation Submitted by Mississippi Valley Archaeology Center at the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse 1725 State Street La Crosse WI 54601 Principal Investigator and Report Author Constance Arzigian July 2008 NPS Form 10-900-b OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. Aug. 2002) (Expires 1-31-2009) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form This form is used for documenting multiple property groups relating to one or several historic contexts. See instructions in How to Complete the Multiple Property Documentation Form (National Register Bulletin 16B). Complete each item by entering the requested information. For additional space, use continuation sheets (Form 10-900-a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer to complete all items. __X_ New Submission ____ Amended Submission A. Name of Multiple Property Listing Woodland Tradition in Minnesota B. Associated Historic Contexts (Name each associated historic context, identifying theme, geographical area, and chronological period for each.) The Brainerd Complex: Early Woodland in Central and Northern Minnesota, 1000 B.C.–A.D. 400 The Southeast Minnesota Early Woodland Complex, 500–200 B.C. The Havana-Related Complex: Middle Woodland in Central and Eastern Minnesota, 200 B.C.–A.D.
    [Show full text]
  • 1990 Midwest Archaeological Conference Program
    MIDWEST ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONFERENCE 35th ANNUAL MEETING PROGRAM AND ABSTRACTS October 5-6, 1990 Northwestern University Evanston, Illinois REF Conferenc MAC 1990 I ~~F ~e,.A.~~ rt.AC. ~ MIDWEST ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONFERENCE 35th ANNUAL MEETING PROGRAM October 5-6, 1990 Northwestern University Evanston, Illinois ARCHIVES Office of the State Archaeologist The University of Iowa Iowa City, IA 52242 35th MIDWEST ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONFERENCE NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY October 5-6, 1990 Friday Morning - OCTOBER 5, 1990 [ 1 ] General Session: HISTORIC PERIOD RESEARCH Norris, McCormick Auditorium Chairperson: Rochelle Lurie 1 0 :00 Steven Hackenberger; MACKTOWN ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS, WINNEBAGO COUNTY, IWNOIS 10:20 Mark E. Esarey; 1989 EXCAVATIONS AT FT.GRATIOT, PORT HURON, MICHIGAN 10:40 Floyd Mansberger and Joseph Phllllppe; THE EARLY 1870S FARMER'S MARKET: CERAMICAVAIIJ\8I1..lTY' AND ECONOMIC SCALING AT THE FARMERS HOME HOTEL. GALENA, IWNOIS 11 :00 Break 11 :20 Marilyn R. Orr and Myra J. Giesen; STATURE VARIATION AMONG AMERICAN CIVIL WAR SOLDIERS 11 :40 Mark Madsen end Kevin Christensen; A GREAT LAKES FORE-AFT RIGGED SCHOONER FROM THE MID-19TH CENTURY [ 2 J General Session: NEW IDEAS ON OLD PROBLEMS Norris, 2C 1 0 :20 J. Peter Denny; THE ALGONQUIAN MIGRATION FROM THE COLUMBIA PLATEAU TO THE MIDWEST, CIRCA 1800 B.C.: CORRELATING LINGUISTICS AND ARCHAEOLOGY 1 0 :40 James A. Marshall; THE PREHISTORIC PARALLEL STRAIGHT WALLS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA EXAMINED FOR ASTRONOMICALORIENrATIONS 11 :00 Harry Murphy; BUREAUCRACY, THE AGENCY ARCHAEOLOGIST, AND
    [Show full text]
  • 2016 SEACSM Annual Meeting Program
    AMERICAN COLLEGE of SPORTS MEDICINE SOUTHEAST REGIONAL CHAPTER February 18-20, 2016 44th Annual Meeting Hyatt Regency Hotel Greenville, South Carolina A B S T R A C T S Jointly Sponsored by: The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) and the Southeast Chapter of the American College of Sports Medicine (SEACSM) HYATT REGENCY GREENVILLE 220 North Main Street Greenville, SC 2960 US T +1 864 235 1234 F +1 864 240 2789 greenville.hyatt.com FLOOR PLANS First Floor REGENCY BALLROOM D2 E2 H KITCHEN AB C G C REGENCY BALLROOM B REDBUD D E F A CREPE PREFUNCTION AREA MYRTLE DOGWOOD MEETING PLANNER OFFICE OFFICE WOMEN MEN SERVICE REGISTRATION ELEVATORS MAGNOLIA ELEVATORS GARDENIA ATRIUM LOBBY AZALEA BOARDROOM 08.15 HYATT REGENCY GREENVILLE 220 North Main Street Greenville, SC 2960 US T +1 864 235 1234 F +1 864 240 2789 greenville.hyatt.com FLOOR PLANS Second Floor TEAL BALLROOM ENTRANCE FROM MEZZANINE PARKING GARAGE ELEVATORS LOBBY THE PERGOLA @ ROOST GALLERY B GALLERY C THINK TANK @ NOMA STARBUCKS® TO MAIN STUDIO 220 @ NOMA STREET ROOST GALLERY A 08.15 Forty-Fourth Annual Meeting SOUTHEAST REGIONAL CHAPTER AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SPORTS MEDICINE Hyatt Regency Hotel Greenville, South Carolina February 18-20, 2016 Officers President: Sue Graves, Florida Atlantic University Past President: Kevin McCully, University of Georgia President-Elect: John Quindry, Auburn University Executive Board: W. Franklin Sease, Clinical Representative, Steadman Hawkins Clinic of the Carolinas Alan Utter, Representative to ACSM, Appalachian State University Rebecca A Battista,
    [Show full text]
  • ILLINOIS STATE UNIVERSITY Department of Sociology and Anthropology Anthropology Program ANT 384 North American Archaeology
    ILLINOIS STATE UNIVERSITY Department of Sociology and Anthropology Anthropology Program ANT 384 North American Archaeology Catalog Description: North American Archaeology 3 ANT 101 or 274 or cons inst req. Prehistoric cultures of North America, from late Pleistocene to the occupation of the continent by Europeans. Origin and development of cultural patterns traced and current problems are examined. Course Overview: Prehistoric cultures of North America are discussed from the peopling of the New World during the late Pleistocene to the occupation of the continent by Europeans. The origin and development of specific cultures is traced in several areas including the Eastern Woodlands, Southwest, West Coast, Great Basin, and Plains. This course will combine lectures with weekly labs. The objective of the labs is to expose students to original archaeological reports and articles, which will be discussed as group exercises. Student Objectives: The course has four objectives: 1. To provide students with general knowledge of the prehistory of North America. 2. To provide hands-on experience for each student in the recognition of basic attributes used in the analysis of different materials classes. 3. To teach students how each material class may be used to address specific research questions of current archaeological interest. 4. To provide students with the background to critically evaluate how archaeological analyses are conducted and what some of the major problems are in executing these analyses. Evaluation Criteria: There will be two exams, a midterm and a non comprehensive final. In addition, each undergraduate student will read one monographs (from the list below) and prepare a 4 to 6 page critique.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of a Voyage to North America Is Limited to Two Hun- Dred Copies Printed from Type for the Caxton Club by the R
    4"/-.^'**»- -•» S~ THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY 9171 C38ljEK V.2 lunois msToitiCAi siimey JOURNAL of a ^opage TO North America. JOURNAL of a VopuQt TO North America. Translated from the French of Pierre Francois Xavier de Charlevoix. Edited, with Historical Introduction, Notes and Index, by Louise Phelps Kellogg, Ph.D. IN TWO VOLUMES: VOLUME II. CHIC^gO: THE CAXTON CLUB. MCMXXIII. JOURNAL VOYAGEO F A T O N O R T H-A M E R I C A. Undertaken by Order of the FRENCH KING. CONTAINING The Geographical Defcriptlon and Natural CANADA.Hiftory of that Country, particularly TOGETHER WITH An Account of the Customs, Characters, Religion, Manners and Traditions of the original Inhabitants. In a Series of Letters to the Duchefs of Lesdiguieres. Tranflated from the French of P. de Charlevoix. VOL. II. LONDON: Printed for R. and J. Dodslev, in Pall -Mall, MDCCLXiT 0^ THE 0^ CONTENTS OF THE Second Volume. LETTER XVII. Description of Lake Erie. Voyage as far as Detroit or the Narrows. Project for a Settlement in this Place. Cause of its Failure. Council called by the Commandant it. the of Fort Pontchartrain, and the Subject of Of Games of the lndia.ns f'^ i LETTER XVIII. Some Particulars relating to the Character^ Customs^ and ^'^^ Government of the Indians 19 LETTER XIX. Voyagefrom the Narrows to Michillimakinac. Description ^^'^ of the Country. Of the Marriages of the Indians 2^ 51 S"^"?? Vlll LETTER XX. Voyage to the Bay. Description of it, and of the Course thither. Irruption of the Spaniards into the Country of the Missouri Indians, and their Defeat.
    [Show full text]
  • Late Woodland Settlement and Subsistence in the Eastern Upper Peninsula of Michigan
    LATE WOODLAND SETTLEMENT AND SUBSISTENCE IN THE EASTERN UPPER PENINSULA OF MICHIGAN By Sean Barron Dunham A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Anthropology - Doctor of Philosophy 2014 ABSTRACT LATE WOODLAND SETTLEMENT AND SUBSISTENCE IN THE EASTERN UPPER PENINSULA OF MICHIGAN By Sean Barron Dunham This research revisits the debate surrounding Late Woodland subsistence practices in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula. The Late Woodland period in the Upper Great Lakes region (ca. A.D. 600 to 1600) is often characterized through models emphasizing the intensive use of a single, primary key resource, particularly maize, fall spawning fish, or wild rice. For example, current Late Woodland subsistence models for northern Michigan focus on the intensive harvest, creation of surplus, and consequent storage of fall spawning fish as the cornerstone of the settlement and subsistence strategy. New data suggests that the dominant settlement and subsistence model is incomplete, lacks explanatory value, and requires revision. This study tests the hypothesis that a suite of potential resources was both present and utilized, allowing for a more flexible set of strategies, i.e. one based upon multiple rather than a single primary resource. Archaeological evidence, ethnographic data, and pilot study results reveal that acorns, maize, and wild rice are likely resources to be incorporated into such a strategy; all can be harvested and stored in the late summer or fall as a buffer against a poor fish harvest. Each, however, also has spatial, environmental, and temporal constraints with implications bearing on archaeological site locations as well as the evidence from the sites themselves.
    [Show full text]
  • Settlement Patterns of the Draper and White Sites 1173 Excavations
    / / Settlement Patterns of the Draper and White Sites 1173 Excavations Department of Archaeology Organized and Edited by Simon Fraser University Brian Hayden Publication Number 6 1979 DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE Roy L. Carlson (Chairman) Herbert L. Alexander Knut R. Fladmark Philip M. Hobler Jack O. Nance Erie Nelson Editorial Assistant: Paula Luciw The Department of Archaeology publishes papers and monographs which relate to its teaching and research interests. Communications concerning publications should be directed to the Chairman of the Publications Committee. © Copyright 197 9 Department of Archaeology Simon Fraser University All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. SETTLEMENT PATTERNS OF THE DRAPER AND WHITE SITES 1973 EXCAVATIONS Edited by Brian Hayden Department of Archaeology Simon Fraser University Publication Number 6 © Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia. 1979. r i'i CONTENTS Abstract and Resume...................................................................................................................... IV Acknowledgements........................................................................................................................ iv The Draper and White Sites: Preliminary and Theoretical Considerations Brian Hayden (Simon
    [Show full text]